preprints.org > physical sciences > theoretical physics > doi: 10.20944/preprints202207.0399.v60

Preprint Article Version 60 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

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Special and general relativity (SR/GR) describe nature “subjectively”, that is, from the perspectives of observers. Despite the Lorentz covariance of SR, the general covariance of GR, and all coordinate-free formulations, the perspective of each observer is egocentric. Even if we consider all egocentric perspectives, we will not craft a “holistic view of nature” (view of nature as a whole and in her own concepts) because there is no absolute time in SR/GR. In Euclidean relativity (ER), there is a relative 4D vector “flow of proper time” and absolute, cosmic time. ER describes nature “objectively”, that is, independently of observers. Each object’s (not only an observer’s) proper space d₁, d₂, d₃ and its proper time τ span an absolute, natural 4D Euclidean spacetime (ES), where d₁, d₂, d₃ and d₄ = cτ are treated the same. An observer’s reality is created by projecting ES orthogonally to his proper space and to his proper time. ER compares to the “advanced heliocentric model”, in which the sun is the center of the solar system, but no star is the center of space. That model provides a holistic view of nature from “beyond” (outside) space. Likewise, ER provides a holistic view of nature from beyond space and time. A master reality ES described by ER is beyond each observer’s reality described by SR/GR. Subjective concepts (space, time, waves, particles) have objective counterparts in the master reality. “Pure distance” is the counterpart of space and time. “Pure energy” is the counterpart of waves and particles. I do not identify the counterparts of forces and fields. ER solves 15 mysteries (time’s arrow, the Hubble constant tension, entanglement) geometrically—without forces and fields.

spacetime; cosmology; dark energy; quantum mechanics; entanglement; non-locality

Physical Sciences, Theoretical Physics

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