Preprint Article Version 13 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Solving the Mystery of Time and Unifying Relativity with Quantum Mechanics

Markolf H. Niemz
* ORCID logo and
Siegfried W. Stein
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How to cite: Niemz, M.H.; Stein, S.W. Solving the Mystery of Time and Unifying Relativity with Quantum Mechanics. Preprints 2022, 2022070399. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202207.0399.v13 Niemz, M.H.; Stein, S.W. Solving the Mystery of Time and Unifying Relativity with Quantum Mechanics. Preprints 2022, 2022070399. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202207.0399.v13

Abstract

Today’s concept of time traces back to Albert Einstein’s theories of special (SR) and general relativity (GR). In SR, uniformly moving clocks are slow with respect to my clocks. In GR, clocks in a more curved spacetime are slow with respect to my clocks. Many physicists anticipate that GR has an issue as it isn’t compatible with quantum mechanics. Here we show: There is indeed an issue in Einstein’s concept of time, which takes the proper time of one observer as the fourth coordinate of all objects in the universe. “Einstein time” runs into a problem if there is a unique 4D vector “flow of time” for each object. We claim that there is such a vector and that it must be rotated in 4D when transforming coordinates. SR and GR are approximations because that vector is approximately the same only for objects on and close to Earth. It is different for objects far away from Earth. We replace Einstein time with Euclidean time, which takes the proper time of an object as its fourth coordinate. We prove: The Lorentz factor is recovered in Euclidean relativity (ER); acceleration and gravitation relate to a 4D rotation; ER is compatible with quantum mechanics! We solve 13 mysteries of physics, such as mc2, gravitation, the Hubble constant, the wave–particle duality, and quantum entanglement. Cosmic inflation, expansion of space, dark energy, and non-locality are redundant concepts. Therefore, Occam’s razor knocks out Einstein time.

Keywords

Euclidean relativity; cosmology; gravitation; Hubble constant; quantum mechanics; wave–particle duality; quantum entanglement

Subject

Physical Sciences, Quantum Science and Technology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Comments (1)

Comment 1
Received: 22 December 2022
Commenter: Markolf Niemz
Commenter's Conflict of Interests: Author
Comment: It was quite tricky to figure out where exactly Einstein's concept of time is mistaken. Once more, we have completely revised our manuscript (title, abstract, and text).
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