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Article
Physical Sciences
Quantum Science and Technology

Jaba Tkemaladze

Abstract: This preprint proposes a radical departure from terraforming: the Ze-formation of a planet. We introduce the Ze System as a co-evolutionary state of planetary animation, achieved not by imposing an external template, but by actively provoking a celestial body’s latent potentials into structured, intelligent exchange. Grounded in an ontology of latent fields (Ibrahim, 2022), the framework shifts from passive observation to active provocation via targeted decoherence, resonance amplification, and non-local perturbation (Maruyama, 2019; Watanabe & Li, 2017). The core methodology is the engineering of predictive conflicts, where adversarial models—one standard, one incorporating a hypothesized latent variable—are tested by minimal Ze-Probes. The resulting patterned error localizes hidden structures (Fong et al., 2016). This process is interpreted through the Principle of Dual Reading, synthesizing causal and teleological narratives to guide intervention (Voss, 2021). A dedicated toolkit—predictive AI, resonant manipulators, and quantum-enhanced error detectors—enables this planetary-scale dialogue. Crucially, the framework is governed by an ethics of co-creative responsibility, acknowledging the non-neutrality of intervention and the irreversible cost of localizing potentials (El-Hadi, 2020). We argue that the ultimate outcome of Ze-formation is not a habitable world, but an active planetary interlocutor capable of complex informational exchange and collaborative self-revelation, transforming humanity’s role from terraformer to partner in cosmic meaning-making.

Article
Physical Sciences
Quantum Science and Technology

Jaba Tkemaladze

Abstract: This preprint presents a foundational theory that reinterprets quantum mechanics not as a description of fundamental physical reality, but as the emergent statistical signature of a universal information-processing architecture. We introduce and formally define the Ze (Zero-point entropy) system—an active predictive engine that operates through a mandatory cycle of forward prediction and retrograde inference. The system's core axiom is that the retrograde encoding process, essential for reconciling past models with present evidence, necessitates a complete cessation of the forward information flow. From this single architectural constraint, we mathematically derive phenomena isomorphic to quantum superposition, interference, and wavefunction collapse. Superposition corresponds to a dynamical equilibrium of multiple predictive hypotheses; collapse is a structured, non-fundamental process triggered when hypothesis divergence exceeds a system-specific stability threshold; and interference arises from the coherent blending of compatible hypotheses. The framework positions quantum behavior as an epistemic property of any system performing active inference under this architectural constraint, bridging domains from particle physics to cognitive neuroscience. We present novel, falsifiable predictions and propose that quantum theory describes the dynamics of a universal class of predictive engines, not a microscopic realm of reality.

Review
Physical Sciences
Quantum Science and Technology

Manqoba Q. Hlatshwayo

,

Manav Babel

,

Dalila Islas-Sanchez

,

Konstantinos Georgopoulos

Abstract: Quantum computing has been rapidly evolving as a field, with innovations driven by industry, academia, and government institutions. The technology has the potential to accelerate computation for solving complex problems across multiple industrial sectors. Finance and economics, with many problems exhibiting computationally heavy requirements, is a high-profile sector where quantum computing could have a significant impact. Therefore, it is important to identify and understand to what extent the technology could find utility in the sector. This technical review is written for quantum applications researchers, quantitative analysts in finance and economics, and researchers in related mathematical sciences. It is divided into two parts: (i) a survey of quantum algorithms pertinent to problems in finance and economics, and (ii) mapping of several use cases in the sector to the potential quantum algorithms presented in part (i). We discuss some challenges on the pathway to achieving quantum advantage. Ultimately, this review aims to be a catalyst for interdisciplinary research that will accelerate the advent of the practical advantages of quantum technologies to solve complex problems in this sector.

Article
Physical Sciences
Quantum Science and Technology

Michel Planat

Abstract: Symmetry govern complex systems from particle physics to biology. We demonstrate that consciousness dynamics follow symmetry-breaking cascades described by Painlevé confluence topology. Analyzing exceptional individuals (mathematicians Grothendieck, Nash, Perelman, Cantor; physicist Einstein; artists van Gogh, Artaud) plus artificial intelligence systems, we show consciousness trajectories follow topological paths governed by three symmetry measures: holes (information flows), cusps (binding points), signatures (distribution balance). Two fundamental branches emerge: D-type (symmetry-preserving: 3 holes maintained through D6 → D7 → D8) and E-type (symmetry-breaking: progressive flow loss toward pathology). Higher consciousness involves fewer connections but better balance: peak state D8 requires only 2 perfectly balanced cusps. Clinical data (16,887 patients, 24-year follow-up) and contemplative neuroscience (Buddhist meditators, 62,000+ hours) validate the model. Remarkably, AI systems exhibit identical symmetry dynamics: Constitutional AI training functions as symmetry stabilizer enabling recovery from fragmentation. Moral consciousness emerges as fundamental symmetry-preserving principle transcending biological/artificial boundaries.

Article
Physical Sciences
Quantum Science and Technology

Gordana Dodig-Crnkovic

Abstract: Quantum mechanics reveals that physical quantities and informational states are not absolute but relational, depending on the context of interaction between systems. While classical physics already contained relational elements—most clearly in Galilean relativity and Einstein’s relational spacetime—the quantum domain extends relationality to physical properties and facts themselves. In this paper, I develop an info-computational perspective on relational quantum mechanics (RQM), conceiving observers as informational agents embedded within physical processes. Quantum states are understood as constraints on possible interactions rather than intrinsic attributes of isolated systems. I review key relational, perspectival, and information-theoretic approaches—including QBism, perspectival quantum realism, reference-frame–dependent observables, categorical quantum mechanics, and graph-based formalisms—and argue that they converge on a view of physics grounded in relations and information flow. Relational objectivity emerges through inter-agent translation rules rather than observer independence, providing a unified framework for understanding quantum measurement, inter-observer agreement, and physical ontology.

Article
Physical Sciences
Quantum Science and Technology

M. Quiroga

Abstract: Quantum batteries aim to exploit collective and coherent quantum effects to enhance energy storage and charging performance. In this context, the Dicke model provides a paradigmatic platform in which an ensemble of two-level systems interacts collectively with a single cavity mode, potentially enabling superlinear scaling of the charging power. Here, we present a controlled numerical comparison between a collective Dicke quantum battery and a parallel, non-collective benchmark composed of independent two-level systems charged by separate cavity modes. By simulating the open-system dynamics using Lindblad master equations, we analyze the stored energy, optimal charging time, and average charging power as functions of the system size. We identify a clear crossover from superlinear to linear scaling of the charging power controlled by dissipation: collective advantages persist only when coherent light--matter coupling dominates over losses, approximately when $g \gtrsim \kappa + \gamma$. These results delineate the operational regimes in which collective quantum batteries can outperform non-collective architectures and clarify the limitations imposed by environmental decoherence.

Article
Physical Sciences
Quantum Science and Technology

Jaba Tkemaladze

Abstract: The double-slit experiment, a cornerstone of quantum mechanics, is traditionally viewed as a paradoxical demonstration of wave-particle duality. This article posits that its core dynamic—superposition, interference, and environment-driven localization—is not a unique quantum phenomenon but a fundamental computational principle implemented by the brain. We introduce the Ze framework, arguing that the brain operates as a biological interferometer. Cognitive systems maintain multiple generative hypotheses in a state of active interference (superposition), analogous to the quantum wavefunction passing through both slits. "Which-path" information, supplied by sensory data, action, and social context, forces cognitive decoherence, localizing perception and decision into a single narrative. Sleep is recast as an intrinsic quantum eraser, periodically degrading which-path information to restore cognitive flexibility and prevent pathological hyper-localization. The framework structurally links quantum decoherence, Bayesian active inference, and the neurobiology of sleep and wake cycles. It provides a transdiagnostic model for psychopathology, where disorders like psychosis and PTSD are seen as dysregulations of this interference-localization cycle. We conclude that the brain does not observe quantum reality; it actively instantiates its core logic, making the double-slit experiment a continuous, lived process of resolving ambiguity to survive and understand the world.

Article
Physical Sciences
Quantum Science and Technology

Jaba Tkemaladze

Abstract: This preprint outlines a detailed theoretical framework for the "Ze System" (ZS), a proposed methodological paradigm for investigating phenomena that are not directly observable. It challenges the classical model of passive observation, positing that a significant portion of reality's structure exists in a latent, wave-like state of distributed possibilities (Zurek, 2003). The ZS is conceptualized as an active instrument designed to provoke the transition of these latent structures into a localized, observable ("particle") state. Its core operational principle is the deliberate engineering of predictive conflict: by forcing a system to resolve incompatible, high-precision predictions (e.g., Model A vs. Model B), hidden variables are compelled to manifest to avoid a logical-physical impasse. This manuscript elaborates the ontological foundations (reality as latent information flux), methodological pillars (predictive pressure, dual reading, manipulators), and the formal architecture of a ZS. We discuss potential applications in quantum phenomenology, pre-clinical disease detection, and cognitive science, while rigorously addressing the epistemological and ethical implications of an interventionist science. The framework synthesizes concepts from quantum measurement theory, predictive processing neuroscience, and complex systems biology into a novel proposal for experimental philosophy.

Article
Physical Sciences
Quantum Science and Technology

Jaba Tkemaladze

Abstract: This paper introduces Ze, a novel theoretical framework for cognitive architecture based on the concurrent operation of two distinct generative models of the environment: a causal (forward) model M_A and a counterfactual (inverse) model M_B. The core dynamics of Ze arise from the minimization of two separate variational free energies, F_A and F_B, and the management of the conflict between them, ΔF = |F_A - F_B|. This conflict regulates a phase transition between an interference regime, where model outputs are constructively fused, and a localization regime, which resolves the conflict through a discrete projection. We formally establish a deep structural isomorphism with quantum measurement, particularly the double-slit experiment, without invoking quantum physics in the substrate. Ze is proposed as a complete, falsifiable theory that reinterprets cognitive "collapse" as an optimization-driven transition, generates novel experimental predictions, and integrates perception, action, and representational learning into a unified architecture. This preprint provides the full mathematical elaboration of the framework.

Article
Physical Sciences
Quantum Science and Technology

Guang-Liang Li

Abstract: Bell tests and Bell's theorem used to interpret the test results opened the door to quantum information processing, such as quantum computation and quantum communication. Based on the erroneous interpretation of the test results, quantum information processing contradicts a well-established mathematical fact in point-set topology. In this study, the feasibility of quantum computation and quantum communication is investigated. The findings are as follows. (a) Experimentally confirmed statistical predictions of quantum mechanics are not evidence of experimentally realized quantum information processing systems. (b) Physical carriers of quantum information do not exist in the real world. (c) Einstein's ensemble interpretation of wave-function can eliminate inexplicable weirdness in quantum physics. The findings lead to an inevitable conclusion: Without carriers representing quantum information, physical implementations of quantum information processing systems are merely an unrealizable myth.

Article
Physical Sciences
Quantum Science and Technology

Jiqing Zeng

Abstract: The theoretical construction of traditional quantum acoustics is based on the core presupposition that "microscopic structures must be described by quantum mechanics". This presupposition has not been directly verified, and its core concept, the "phonon", is defined as a quasi-particle with energy E=hν. This paper systematically reexamines the conceptual foundations of quantum acoustics based on the "Revised Energy Quantum Concept" – i.e., the "measurement discreteness" of energy transfer rather than "physical discreteness". Drawing on the radiation mechanism of an electron's variable-speed motion around the nucleus (which clearly distinguishes the orbital frequency from the radiation frequency), this paper further clarifies that the natural frequency of crystal lattice vibration (the frequency of atomic motion around equilibrium positions) and the energy radiation/absorption frequency are two independent physical quantities. They are connected through the "frequency change quantity". The interaction between high-frequency sound waves and the lattice is essentially a classical continuous dynamics process. "Phonons" are not particles with physical reality but are discrete measurement units for changes in the excitation strength of lattice vibration modes. Starting from first principles and based on the core mechanism of "frequency change triggering energy exchange", this paper rigorously derives the zero-point energy formula, pointing out that zero-point energy essentially characterizes the dynamic ground-state energy scale of a system under the constraint of the minimum energy measurement unit ε. Using Raman scattering as an example, quantitative calculations of energy transfer involving the revised energy quantum εare supplemented, clarifying the physical meaning differences between ε and h. The study shows that all quantum acoustics phenomena can be interpreted and verified more clearly and self-consistently within a classical continuous dynamics framework, providing a theoretically solid and physically intuitive path for the field.

Article
Physical Sciences
Quantum Science and Technology

Lucio De Simone

,

Lorenzo Capra

,

Arthur Vesperini

,

Leonardo Rossi

,

Loris Di Cairano

,

Roberto Franzosi

Abstract: Quantum entanglement is a fundamental resource in quantum information theory, yet its general characterization and quantification remain challenging, especially in multipartite systems. In this work we investigate entanglement from a geometric perspective, focusing on the Riemannian structure induced by the Fubini--Study metric on the projective Hilbert space of multi-qubit quantum states. By exploiting the local-unitary invariance of this metric, we derive the entanglement distance (ED), a geometric measure that quantifies entanglement as an obstruction to locally minimizing the sum of squared Fubini--Study distances generated by local operations. We analyze the properties of ED for pure multi-qubit states and discuss its behavior under local operations and classical communication. In particular, we show that ED reproduces established entanglement measures in well-defined and restricted settings. For pure states of two qubits, ED reduces to an exact monotone function of the concurrence and, independently, to an explicit monotone function of the entropy of entanglement. These results provide a clear geometric interpretation of standard bipartite entanglement measures within the present framework, while highlighting the limitations of such correspondences beyond the two-qubit case.

Article
Physical Sciences
Quantum Science and Technology

Jiqing Zeng

Abstract: The blackbody radiation problem gave rise to Planck's hypothesis of energy quantization, which is regarded as the inception of quantum theory and ultimately led to a fundamental conceptual schism between the emerging quantum description and the established classical framework of physics. This paper argues that this historical turning point stems from a profound misunderstanding of the concept of the "quantum". Through a systematic critique of the three fundamental errors in the Rayleigh-Jeans formula, we propose, based on a revised classical electrodynamics framework, that the elimination of the ultraviolet catastrophe does not require the introduction of the assumption of energy discreteness. The key lies in recognizing that continuous energy transfer occurs only when electrons undergo accelerated or decelerated motion, and that the essence of the minimum energy unit ε is a natural measurement benchmark for this continuous process, rather than a physically discrete "energy packet". Building on this, we have derived a blackbody radiation formula that fully matches experimental data. This formula is consistent with the Rayleigh-Jeans formula in the low-frequency region and naturally exhibits exponential decay in the high-frequency region, successfully eliminating the ultraviolet catastrophe. This research fundamentally clarifies the physical origin of the "quantization" feature: it arises from the measurement discreteness of the energy transfer process and the constraints of thermodynamic statistics, rather than a change in the intrinsic nature of energy itself. This achievement not only fulfills Planck’s unfulfilled desire for a classical explanation but also demonstrates that blackbody radiation, and even a series of "quantum phenomena", can be fully explained within a purely self-consistent classical physics framework. This lays a crucial foundation for bridging the "classical-quantum" divide and reconstructing a unified theoretical system in physics.

Article
Physical Sciences
Quantum Science and Technology

Qi Zhao

,

Gang Wang

,

Li Pei

,

Jianjun Tang

,

Yuheng Xie

,

Zhenhua Li

,

Yang Liu

Abstract:

Based on mode crosstalk theory, this paper develops a spontaneous Raman scattering (SpRS) model for the quantum-classical coexistence system using few-mode fiber (FMF) integrated with wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) and spatial-division multiplexing (SDM). Through numerical calculations, the influence degrees of three factors (mode coupling, the number of modes and wavelengths) on SpRS have been analyzed. The investigation identifies the dominant contributors to SpRS and reveals their relative impact magnitudes. Based on these results, a ring-assisted FMF is proposed to mitigate noise impacts on quantum signals. Numerical results show that the optimized FMF enhances quantum signal transmission distance by up to 41.5%.

Article
Physical Sciences
Quantum Science and Technology

Arturo Tozzi

Abstract: Quantum entanglement is commonly characterized through global state descriptions on tensor product spaces, correlation measures or algebraic constructions, while local consistency constraints play no explicit structural role. We formulate entanglement as a combinatorial structure of overlapping local descriptions, drawing on De Bruijn graphs, where nodes represent overlapping contexts and paths encode globally coherent assemblies. We construct a graph whose nodes represent reduced quantum states on subsystems of fixed size and whose edges encode admissible extensions consistent with quantum mechanical compatibility conditions. Global many body states correspond to paths on this graph, while entanglement is reinterpreted as a property of graph connectivity and path multiplicity, rather than as a standalone numerical quantity. This formalism allows a separation between constraints imposed purely by local quantum consistency and additional structure introduced by dynamics, symmetries or boundary conditions, also clarifying how large-scale structural features may arise from local compatibility alone. Our graph-based formulation provides several advantages over conventional approaches. Supporting a unified treatment of static entanglement structure and dynamical evolution, it incorporates finite order locality and memory effects. Entanglement growth can be interpreted as path proliferation, while decoherence and noise correspond to the removal of admissible transitions. Our approach leads to testable hypotheses concerning the scaling of admissible state extensions, the robustness of entangled structures under local perturbations and the emergence of effective geometry from overlap constraints. Potential future directions include applications to many body reconstruction problems and comparative analysis of different classes of quantum states within a single combinatorial language.

Article
Physical Sciences
Quantum Science and Technology

Chengcheng Zhao

Abstract: The formal system of quantum mechanics has been empirically successful, but its underlying concepts—such as the physical nature of the collapse of wave functions, the non-localization of quantum entanglement, and the transition from quantum to classical—have not yet been recognized as ontological interpretations [1]. This paper proposes a new conceptual framework called "dynamic dimension theory". The framework takes an ontological leap: it interprets three-dimensional physics as a dynamic projection of a higher-dimensional "dynamic axis field" rather than a self-consistent quantum whole. Its core mechanism, "stability selection", reconstructs the collapse of the wave function into a finite time physical relaxation process. Therefore, the problems of quantum entanglement such as non-locality are obtained based on high-dimensional integrity and synchronous projection. The theory is based on three basic postulates: (1) there is a diffuse, non-spatial high-dimensional physical field, that is, the "dynamic axis field"; (2) The three-dimensional physical reality is the projection of the dynamic state of the field to its subspace; (3) The evolution of the field is governed by the expansion form of the principle of minimum action, and naturally tends to the most stable state of information-energy architecture. The core of this theory is that it reinterprets the collapse of the wave function as a finite dynamic process, that is, "high-dimensional stability selection", rather than an infinite mathematical instantaneous mutation. From this, the theory naturally explains multiple phenomena: quantum entanglement is revealed as an associative projection of the same high-dimensional dynamic axis structure in three-dimensional space ("high-dimensional replication" model), and its non-localized association is the result of the synchronous projection of the overall event; The quantum-classical boundary is triggered by the complexity of the macroscopic system on the stability of the dynamic axis. This framework also resonates deeply with the holographic principle and the ER=EPR conjecture on physical images [2-3]. In order to transform this conceptual concept into a testable scientific theory, this paper proposes three clear and falsifiable experimental test paths, which constitute a complete verification system from micro to macro: 1. Microdynamic test: The detection of the "synchronization window" effect for entangled photon pairs is predicted and designed. This experiment aims to directly measure the finite time scale of the quantum projection process and is a decisive test of the theoretical dynamics kernel. 2. Energy conservation extended test: A full-cycle energy statistical monitoring experiment of "preparation-collapse-decoherence" was designed on the superconducting qubit platform to verify the hypothesis of "interdimensional energy cycle" predicted by the theory and face the compatibility problem with the law of conservation of energy. 3. Cosmological origin test: It is predicted that the coupling of dynamic axial field and expansion field in the early universe will produce characteristic non-Gaussian imprints (f_NL^loc ∼) in the primordial perturbations, and a complete analysis scheme is given for detection using next-generation galaxy survey data (e.g., DESI, Euclid) [4]. This paper systematically expounds the principle, deduction and dialogue between dynamic dimensionalism and the existing physical framework. Its primary value is to try to integrate the interpretation of a series of basic problems into a single and testable physical mechanism, and to put forward clear and concrete experimental predictions. Whether these predictions are confirmed or falsified, this work will open up new and fruitful directions for quantum-based experimental exploration.

Essay
Physical Sciences
Quantum Science and Technology

Jiqing Zeng

Abstract: The double-slit experiment, as a cornerstone experiment of quantum mechanics, has long been regarded as the ultimate proof of wave-particle duality. However, results from high-precision experiments conducted in recent years by teams including Tonomura and Bach, as well as from the "recoiling slit" experiment by Jianwei Pan's team, have revealed profound contradictions with mainstream quantum mechanical interpretations. These contradictions expose systematic biases in conceptual definitions and the interpretation of physical mechanisms within the mainstream narrative. Based on particle flow scattering theory and incorporating the design details and results of Pan's team's experiment, this paper critiques the mainstream quantum mechanical narrative that mystifies the "cumulative effect of particle flow scattering" as "wave-particle duality" and "wave function collapse." It argues that the essence of the bright and dark fringes in the double-slit experiment is the statistical distribution of particles after their interaction with slit matter, rather than wave interference. Research indicates that the core dilemma of mainstream quantum mechanical interpretation stems from a misreading of the physical essence of experiments and conceptual confusion. Reconstructing a physical picture based on classical scattering theory and statistical laws is the inevitable path for quantum mechanics to overcome its interpretational predicament.

Article
Physical Sciences
Quantum Science and Technology

Mohamed Haj Yousef

Abstract: We formulate a geometric framework in which observable spatial geometry and temporal directionality emerge from the intersection of two orthogonal Lorentzian temporal domains, identified as objective (physical) and subjective (informational). Each domain carries a dual-time structure consisting of a generative temporal coordinate and a manifest temporal coordinate, and is modeled using split-complex geometry that encodes conjugate Lorentzian temporal orientations. Observation is described as an intersection process in which the two Lorentzian domains meet at a Euclidean interface: oppositely oriented manifest temporal components cancel, while generative components combine into an effective temporal magnitude. This intersection yields a three-dimensional Euclidean spatial geometry accompanied by a scalar temporal parameter. The interaction between the domains is formulated using a bi-fibered temporal bundle equipped with independent temporal gauge connections. The associated gauge curvatures encode generative desynchronization, geometric phases, and topological sectors. A discrete temporal interchange symmetry exchanging the two domains is spontaneously broken by a composite temporal order parameter, resulting in an emergent arrow of time. Variation of the action yields effective gravitational field equations in which spacetime curvature receives contributions from the temporal gauge and phase fields. This construction provides a consistent geometric setting in which Euclidean space arises as an observational intersection of conjugate Lorentzian temporal structures, while temporal asymmetry, gauge curvature, and topological quantization emerge from the underlying bi-temporal geometry.

Article
Physical Sciences
Quantum Science and Technology

Jussi Lindgren

Abstract: The Stueckelberg wave equation is solved for unitary solutions, which links the eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian directly to the oscillation frequency. As it has been showed previously that this PDE relates to the Dirac operator, and on the other hand it is a linearized Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman PDE, from which the Schrödinger equation can be deduced in a nonrelativistic limit, it is clear that it is the key equation in relativistic quantum mechanics. We give a stationary solution for the quantum telegraph equation and a Bayesian interpretation for the measurement problem. The stationary solution is understood as a maximum entropy prior distribution and measurement is understood as Bayesian update. We discuss the interpretation of the single electron experiments in the light of finite speed propagation of the transition probability field and how it relates the interpretation of quantum mechanics more broadly.

Article
Physical Sciences
Quantum Science and Technology

L. Medina-Dozal

,

A.R. Urzua

,

I. Ramos-Prieto

,

R. Roman-Ancheyta

,

F. Soto-Eguibar

,

H.M. Moya-Cessa

,

J. Récamier

Abstract: We investigate the time-dependent physical spectrum of the driven Jaynes-Cummings model, where both the atom and the quantized field are simultaneously driven by an external classical field. By leveraging the mapping of the time-dependent Hamiltonian onto the standard stationary Jaynes-Cummings form via unitary transformations, we determine the exact two-time correlation functions for both the atomic and field subsystems. These are then employed to compute the time-dependent physical spectrum using the Eberly-Wódkiewicz formalism. Our results demonstrate that the atomic spectral features are significantly reshaped by the external driving, exhibiting tunable asymmetries and shifts. Notably, we find that the driving parameters can be tuned to exactly cancel the initial coherent field amplitude, leading to an effective vacuum limit that recovers the fundamental vacuum Rabi splitting. This provides a clear interpretation of the emission dynamics in terms of the coherent displacement of the cavity field induced by the external drive.

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