Abstract: This work aims to address unresolved questions in physics through a coherent framework built upon a unified understanding of the interdependence of gravity, quantum physics, and classical mechanics, ultimately leading to the emergence of physical reality. The approach builds upon Madelung’s quantum hydrodynamic representation, extending it by incorporating stochastic perturbations from gravitational background noise (GBN). The consequent stochastic quantum hydrodynamics model (SQHM) bridges the quantum and classical domains, unveiling a natural quantum-to-classical coexistence. For the first time, the model provides a theoretical foundation for the Lindemann constant and can be experimentally tested via a photon entanglement experiment. It also accurately reproduces the experimental data for the fluid–superfluid transition in helium. The framework resolves long-standing theoretical conflicts between quantum mechanics and classical mechanics, addresses the EPR paradox, and provides novel insights into the emergence of flowing time in 4-D spacetime and the evolution of the universe, potentially accommodating free will. The proposed framework highlights the inadequacy of both deterministic laws and a purely measure-dependent conception of reality governed by unpredictable probabilistic evolution.

Abstract: Quantum mechanics introduces wave–particle duality as a postulate, yet the geometric origin of wave behavior has never been derived from first principles. Here we show that a finite quantum of action, ℏgeom, compactifies the classical action manifold into a periodic U(1) phase space. Physical observables then depend only on the modular action S mod 2πℏgeom, making interference a direct geometric necessity rather than an independent assumption. We formalize this as a theorem: any system possessing finite ℏgeom must exhibit wave interference, while the classical limit corresponds to decompactification ℏgeom→0. Chronon Field Theory (ChFT) provides the physical substrate for this geometry—its causal field Φμ carries quantized symplectic flux ∮ω=ℏgeom, thereby establishing Planck’s constant as a geometric invariant of causal alignment. This unified framework links modular action, quantization, and spacetime geometry, revealing the wave nature of matter as a necessary consequence of finite causal curvature. It further predicts quantized phase discontinuities in mesoscopic interferometry, offering a concrete path toward experimental validation.

Abstract: We report the discovery of a universal, hardware-agnostic binary switch for macro- scopic quantum coherence in cyclic spin-1/2 chains. By aligning every local trans- verse field exactly parallel to a minimal geometric dressing vector derived from the leading toroidal perturbation in the r ≪ R limit—or equivalently, the exact surface normal of a torus projected onto its minor circle—with minor-to-major radius ratio 0.05 < r/R < 0.6, the many-body ground state exhibits strict N mod 4 commen- surability: N ≡ 1, 3 (mod 4) → giant circulating quantum current + macroscopic cat-like state (coherence ON) N ≡ 0, 2 (mod 4) → near-paramagnetic frustration with strongly suppressed current (coherence OFF) The switch is operated solely by adding or removing exactly one spin from the ring. No pulse shaping, frequency tuning, or physical reshaping is required—only the mathematical mapping. Exact diagonalization (TeNPy + QuTiP) of the full many-body ground state up to N = 33 (233 -dimensional Hilbert space) confirms the effect with extreme regularity and a characteristic factor ∼ 4 suppression of site-to-site variance in the frustrated sectors, providing a built-in experimental witness. The protocol is explicitly distinguished from all prior art in twisted boundaries, synthetic gauge fields, Rydberg dressing, or commensurability en- gineering, including recent work on chiral spin liquids [16] and torus degeneracy [?]. The order parameter ⟨m · d⟩ (local magnetization along the dressing vector) converges to ∼ 0.128 in coherent sectors, akin to Aharonov-Bohm phase shifts in toroidal systems and quantized Berry phases in many-body chains. Use cases include scalable quantum switches for computing and topological sensors for magnetic fields.

Abstract:

Conventional quantum mechanics treats the electron as a point-like particle endowed with intrinsic properties — mass, charge, and spin — that are inserted as axioms rather than derived from first principles. Here, we propose a thermodynamic reformulation of the electron grounded in entropy field dynamics, based on S-Theory. In this framework, the electron is composed of three distinct entropic components: Score (a collapsed entropy core from mass), S_EM (a structured electromagnetic entropy field from charge), and Sthermal (a diffuse entropy component from ambient interactions). We show that spin emerges as a rotating S_EM shell around Score, and that electron collapse — as in quantum measurement — can be modeled as a Recursive Amplification of Sfield (RAS) process driven by entropic feedback. Through mathematical formulation and high-resolution simulations, we demonstrate how the S-field components evolve under entropic excitation, culminating in a collapse threshold defined by local entropy density matching. This model not only explains the emergence of quantum properties but also offers a thermodynamic mechanism for electron–photon interaction, wavefunction collapse, and spin generation — revealing the inner structure and dynamics of one of nature’s most fundamental particles.

Abstract: We present a general procedure to describe the dynamics of N degenerate quantized fields interacting resonantly with a two–level atom, all coupled with the same strength, within the rotating–wave approximation. Starting from the analysis of the two and three field cases, we generalize the method by identifying dynamical invariants that lead to a factorized form of the time–evolution operator. A unitary transformation reduces the problem to an effective Jaynes–Cummings Hamiltonian, where only one field interacts with the atom and the remaining modes contribute as free fields. Assuming initially coherent fields and an atomic superposition, we compute the atomic inversion and the mean photon number, revealing vacuum Rabi oscillations with a frequency determined by an effective coupling constant that exceeds the individual atom–field coupling, as well as the characteristic collapse-revival behavior.

Abstract: Quantum computing is widely promoted as a transformative technology with the potential to revolutionize fields as diverse as artificial intelligence, finance, optimization, and materials science. Yet the public narrative surrounding quantum computing often diverges sharply from the technical realities acknowledged by specialists. This paper examines the roots of this discrepancy by distinguishing the genuine scientific achievements of quantum information theory from the speculative expectations projected onto quantum hardware. After outlining the central practical challenges posed by noise, decoherence, and the extreme overhead of quantum error correction, we argue that the path to large-scale, general-purpose quantum computers remains uncertain and potentially infeasible. Drawing a historical parallel with the nuclear fusion project, we illustrate how a theoretically elegant idea may confront fundamental obstacles in physical implementation. We further analyze the sources of technological hype in both scientific and popular discourse and highlight more realistic avenues for progress, such as quantum simulation and quantum-inspired classical computation. Finally, we revisit the conceptual foundations of quantum computational advantage and emphasize that constructive probability interference - rather than superposition or entanglement alone - may provide the true insight into quantum speedups. The goal of this note is not to diminish the value of quantum information research but to restore balance between promise and feasibility, clarifying what quantum computers can and cannot achieve in practice.

Abstract: We formulate a single, sector–neutral Lyapunov law that treats quantum mechanics, thermodynamics, and general relativity as three calibrations of one underlying feedback structure. The basic data are a shared Hilbert space, a blueprint space of statistical degrees of freedom, a physical space of realised degrees of freedom, and a calibration map between them. Their mismatch is quantified by one quadratic residual of sameness in a fixed instrument norm. Admissible evolutions are those that preserve calibration and are nonexpansive in this norm; for such evolutions we prove a data–processing inequality for the residual, a Lyapunov inequality with an intrinsic DSFL clock, and a cone–type locality condition. We then build explicit quantum, thermodynamic, and gravitational calibrations and show that their sectoral residuals add to a single global residual whose decay rate is controlled by the slowest sector. In this picture, collapse, entropy production, and curvature–matter balance become three faces of the same residual–driven attractor. A UV master inequality explains how scale–resolved models fit into one global DSFL law, and simple model worlds (qubit channels, Markov chains, QNM–like modes, and a Bell/CHSH sector) illustrate how standard phenomena such as Born statistics, ringdown, and Tsirelson–saturating nonlocality can all be read as structural consequences of one calibrated residual in one Hilbert space.

Abstract: We reformulate fundamental physics as the solution to an entropy optimization problem rather than an enumeration of axioms. Modeling the scientific method operationally—preparation, evolution, and measurement—we maximize the relative entropy of the final state relative to the initial preparation, subject to a measurement constraint. In the linear regime, the maximization of entropy yields the Dirac equation. Extending this to the most general non-linear constraint naturally reproduces the spectral action, leading to Einstein–Hilbert gravity and Yang–Mills gauge theory. Furthermore, imposing positivity and realness requirements on the partition function singles out (3{+}1) dimensions as the unique satisfying case. Thus, the apparent complexity of modern physics—forces, symmetries, and dimensionality—emerges not as a set of arbitrary postulates, but as the necessary solution to a single inference principle.

Abstract: Traditional quantum mechanics models hydrogen orbitals as solutions to the Schrödinger equation but offers no physical explanation for why these shapes emerge. In this paper, we present a novel thermodynamic model—S-Theory—that derives hydrogen orbital structures from recursive entropy amplification processes. By treating the electron field as an evolving entropy distribution subject to environmental perturbations, we simulate s and p orbitals (1s, 2s, 3s, 4s, 2pz, 2px) using the recursive formulation: s_n+1=s_n²+s_c. The results accurately reproduce quantum orbital shapes and predict their spatial evolution as outcomes of entropy feedback. This work introduces a unified framework that bridges thermodynamics, quantum structure, and information theory—viewing orbitals as entropy-generated geometries that encode structural information through the recursive compression of entropy fields. The recursive entropy collapse at higher energy levels also provides a natural foundation for the emergence of molecular seeds—laying the groundwork for a Unified Entropic Collapse Principle (UECP) that connects physics to the origin of life.

Abstract: We propose an operational µτ-approach to gravity on a flat background: the gravitational interaction is interpreted as a universal retuning of the particle scale (µ) and the rate of internal clocks (τ). Quanta of space possess real and imaginary parts. The size of each quantum of space is equal to the size of the Universe and has a Möbius topology. Tensor perturbations (gravitons) propagate along the imaginary parts of the space quanta and, upon intersecting their real parts, induce coherent changes of µ ,τ in all fields. In the weak-field regime, the theory reproduces the classical tests of GR (PPN up to 1PN order, lensing, Shapiro delay, equality of EM and GW speeds); in the strong-field regime, it predicts small 2PN deviations, possible “echoes” in black-hole ringdown, and a weak scalar polarization. Within a single framework, several “dark” effects are described simultaneously: dark matter as a BH-bound imaginary-geometric response (including Bullet Cluster–type cases), dark energy as the sum of a vacuum component and the growth of space quanta, and baryon asymmetry as a consequence of a two-sheeted (Möbius-like) topology. The theory preserves causality and local Lorentz invariance, is formulated as an EFT with controlled corrections, and provides sharp observational tests for nearfuture experiments.

Abstract: Quantum computing has been rapidly evolving as a field, with innovations driven by industry, academia, and government institutions. The technology has the potential to accelerate computation for solving complex problems across multiple industrial sectors. Finance and economics, with many problems exhibiting computationally heavy requirements, is a high-profile sector where quantum computing could have a significant impact. Therefore, it is important to identify and understand to what extent the technology could find utility in the sector. This technical review is written for quantum applications researchers, quantitative analysts in finance and economics, and researchers in related mathematical sciences. It is divided into two parts: (i) survey of quantum algorithms pertinent to problems in finance and economics, and (ii) mapping of several use-cases in the sector to the potential quantum algorithms presented in part (i). We discuss some challenges on the pathway to achieving quantum advantage. Ultimately, this review aims to be a catalyst for interdisciplinary research that will accelerate the advent of practical advantage of quantum technologies to solve complex problems in this sector.

Abstract: Interference-Feedback Computing (IFC) represents a hardware-native, wave-based computational archi- tecture enabling nonlinear processing, internal memory, and temporal inference directly within physical interference media. Originally developed for photonic and continuous-variable quantum systems, IFC provides a unified encoding and feedback framework that transforms oscillatory wave dynamics into structured computational trajectories. In this work, we demonstrate the first application of IFC to con- vert human electroencephalogram (EEG) epochs into quantum interference representations on IBM’s superconducting quantum hardware. EEG signals are transformed into IFC squeezing, phase, and mix- ing parameters, loaded into an 8-qubit quantum circuit, evolved through controlled entanglement, and sampled across multiple measurement shots. Each measurement collapses the interference state into a binary decision, producing a 1024-bit temporal bitstream that constitutes a reproducible quantum signa- ture of the original brain wave. We provide complete mathematical foundations of IFC, the encoding pipeline, quantum implementation, calibration methodology, and validation criteria confirming stability and fidelity across repeated executions. This establishes quantum hardware as a high-fidelity wave-to- binary transcriber of biological neural signals, achieving variance correlations up to 0.96 between orig- inal and reconstructed signals. Furthermore, we derive comprehensive scaling laws for both qubit and photonic IFC implementations, demonstrating optimal performance regimes and establishing a roadmap for large-scale neural signal processing.

Abstract: We develop the Deterministic Statistical Feedback Law (DSFL) as a concrete finite-dimensional framework for quantum information. DSFL works in a single calibrated Hilbert “room”, compares statistical blueprints to physical responses through one residual of sameness, and declares as lawful exactly those updates that contract this residual in a fixed instrument norm. We prove that admissibility of a channel is equivalent to a spectral data–processing inequality and that iterated admissible dynamics admit a Lyapunov-style envelope, with a canonical DSFL clock making the decay of the residual a straight line in semilog coordinates. On bipartite systems we reinterpret standard entanglement proxies, such as negativity, sandwiched Rényi divergences, and trace distance to product form, as correlation residuals that cannot increase under local completely positive maps. Embedding CHSH and GHZ or Mermin tests into the same room, we recover the usual quantum violations while all local hidden-variable models remain confined to their classical bounds.

Abstract: Subradiance is a phenomenon where coupled emitters radiate light at a slower rate than independent ones. While its observation was first reported in disordered cold atom clouds, ordered subwavelength arrays of emitters have emerged as promising platforms to design highly cooperative optical properties based on dipolar interactions. In this work we characterize the eigenmodes of 2D and 3D regular arrays, using a method which can be used for both infinite and very large systems. In particular, we show how finite-size effects impact the lifetimes of these large arrays. Our results may have interesting applications for quantum memories and topological effects in ordered atomic arrays.

Abstract: We present a quantitative emergence framework in which a complexity-dependent scalar λ governs the transition from microscopic quantum reversibility to macroscopic classical spacetime. Empirical inputs from many-body localization, Krylov-complexity measurements, and entanglement-based gravity programs identify two robust thresholds that explain staged irreversibility in laboratory systems. The formalism λ (ρ, C, S) = ρ^αC^β exp(−S/S_crit) combines energy density, organizational complexity, and symmetry-resolved entropy; calibrated exponents (α ≈ 0.41, β ≈ 0.70, S_crit ≈ 50 nats) reproduce experimental dual thresholds and export directly to cosmology. Big Bang regularization, the arrow of time, dark-sector phenomena, and the quantum measurement problem become calculable threshold crossings, while seventeen falsifiable predictions anchored in laboratory and astrophysical observables ensure Popperian accountability. The same bookkeeping extends cautiously to higher organizational layers, offering a disciplined template for cross-scale emergence studies.

Abstract: Natural or synthetic quantum systems that exhibit confinement, propagation, and interaction-driven replication represents a fundamental physical process, and quantum mechanics offers a natural framework to explore their probabilistic and dynamical character. In this work, we develop a simplified quantum mechanical model for self-replicating systems, applicable to biological or engineered entities. The system consists of a core–shell particle, in which a confined “core” is enclosed within a shell-like potential barrier. The model then explores how the core can propagate under an external force and undergo interaction-triggered replication, using tools from single-particle quantum mechanics and quantum field theory. At time t=0, the shell disintegrates, allowing the core wavefunction to propagate through space under the influence of an external potential gradient. When the core reaches a designated target region, replication occurs due to a cubic interaction term that annihilates one particle and creates two. We simulate this process by numerically solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation, demonstrating that the replication probability depends on the overlap between the evolving wavefunction and the target, and that external forces suppress propagation. This approach paves the way for exploring the intriguing possibility of quantum self-replicating systems.

Abstract: We present a systematic evaluation of large language models on quantum mechanics problem-solving. Our study evaluates 15 models from five providers (OpenAI, Anthropic, Google, Alibaba, DeepSeek) spanning three capability tiers on 20 tasks covering derivations, creative problems, non-standard concepts, and numerical computation, comprising 900 baseline and 75 tool-augmented assessments. Results reveal clear tier stratification: flagship models achieve 81% average accuracy, outperforming mid-tier (77%) and fast models (67%) by 4pp and 14pp respectively. Task difficulty patterns emerge distinctly: derivations show highest performance (92% average, 100% for flagship models), while numerical computation remains most challenging (42%). Tool augmentation on numerical tasks yields task-dependent effects: modest overall improvement (+4.4pp) at 3x token cost masks dramatic heterogeneity ranging from +29pp gains to -16pp degradation. Reproducibility analysis across three runs quantifies 6.3pp average variance, with flagshipmodels demonstrating exceptional stability (GPT-5 achieves zero variance) while specialized models require multi-run evaluation. This work contributes: (i) a benchmark for quantum mechanics with automatic verification, (ii) systematic evaluation quantifying tier-based performance hierarchies, (iii) empirical analysis of tool augmentation trade-offs, and (iv) reproducibility characterization. All tasks, verifiers, and results are publicly released.

Abstract: Quantum mechanics introduces wave--particle duality as a postulate, yet the geometric origin of wave behavior has never been derived from first principles. This work shows that a finite quantum of action, $\hbar_{\mathrm{geom}}$, compactifies the classical action manifold into a periodic $U(1)$ phase space. Physical observables depend only on modular action $S \bmod 2\pi\hbar_{\mathrm{geom}}$, making interference a direct geometric necessity. We present this as a theorem, proving that any system with finite $\hbar_{\mathrm{geom}}$ must exhibit wave interference, while the classical limit corresponds to decompactification $\hbar_{\mathrm{geom}}\!\to\!0$. Chronon Field Theory (CFT) provides the physical substrate for this geometry: its causal field $\Phi^\mu$ carries quantized symplectic flux $\oint\omega=\hbar_{\mathrm{geom}}$, establishing Planck’s constant as a geometric invariant of causal alignment. This result unifies modular action, quantization, and spacetime geometry, revealing the wave nature of matter as a consequence of finite causal curvature. The framework predicts quantized phase discontinuities in mesoscopic interferometry, offering an avenue for direct experimental validation.

Abstract: The geometrical view of the electron as a spinning bivector leads to the partitioning of the electron’s energy into internal and external. The reduced Compton wavelength, \( \bar{\lambda}_C \), is taken as the radius of the inertial ring (a 2D disc) while \( r_{e} \) characterizes the EM coupling scale. Within this picture, the Fine Structure Constant emerges as the structural ratio\( \alpha=\frac{r_{e}}{\bar{\lambda}_C} \). We make the partitioning explicit, derive simple ratios among moments of inertia and stored energies,and compare the Bivector Standard Model with the Standard model.

Abstract: Magnetoencephalography, the noninvasive measurement of magnetic fields produced by brain activity, utilizes quantum sensors like superconducting quantum interference devices or atomic magnetometers. Here we derive a fundamental, technology-independent bound on the information that such measurements can convey. Using the energy resolution limit of magnetic sensing together with the brain's metabolic power, we obtain a universal expression for the maximum information rate, which depends only on geometry, metabolism, and Planck's constant, and the numerical value of which is 2.6 Mbit/s. At the high bandwidth limit we arrive at a bound scaling linearly with the area of the current source boundary. We thus demonstrate a biophysical holographic bound for metabolically powered information conveyed by the magnetic field. For the geometry and metabolic power of the human brain the geometric bound is 6.6 Gbit/s.