preprints.org > physical sciences > theoretical physics > doi: 10.20944/preprints202207.0399.v31

Preprint Article Version 31 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Version 1 : Received: 25 July 2022 / Approved: 26 July 2022 / Online: 26 July 2022 (09:39:10 CEST)
Version 2 : Received: 27 July 2022 / Approved: 28 July 2022 / Online: 28 July 2022 (03:47:22 CEST)
Version 3 : Received: 31 July 2022 / Approved: 1 August 2022 / Online: 1 August 2022 (09:01:17 CEST)
Version 4 : Received: 2 August 2022 / Approved: 3 August 2022 / Online: 3 August 2022 (04:04:29 CEST)
Version 5 : Received: 3 August 2022 / Approved: 4 August 2022 / Online: 4 August 2022 (04:51:16 CEST)
Version 6 : Received: 23 August 2022 / Approved: 24 August 2022 / Online: 24 August 2022 (05:01:17 CEST)
Version 7 : Received: 28 August 2022 / Approved: 29 August 2022 / Online: 29 August 2022 (05:34:28 CEST)
Version 8 : Received: 4 September 2022 / Approved: 5 September 2022 / Online: 5 September 2022 (05:24:55 CEST)
Version 9 : Received: 5 September 2022 / Approved: 6 September 2022 / Online: 6 September 2022 (03:44:41 CEST)
Version 10 : Received: 6 October 2022 / Approved: 7 October 2022 / Online: 7 October 2022 (08:29:57 CEST)
Version 11 : Received: 16 October 2022 / Approved: 17 October 2022 / Online: 17 October 2022 (04:12:56 CEST)
Version 12 : Received: 14 November 2022 / Approved: 15 November 2022 / Online: 15 November 2022 (02:52:14 CET)
Version 13 : Received: 21 December 2022 / Approved: 22 December 2022 / Online: 22 December 2022 (03:14:47 CET)
Version 14 : Received: 27 December 2022 / Approved: 27 December 2022 / Online: 27 December 2022 (02:08:51 CET)
Version 15 : Received: 28 December 2022 / Approved: 28 December 2022 / Online: 28 December 2022 (03:07:42 CET)
Version 16 : Received: 29 December 2022 / Approved: 29 December 2022 / Online: 29 December 2022 (02:41:35 CET)
Version 17 : Received: 30 December 2022 / Approved: 30 December 2022 / Online: 30 December 2022 (01:55:51 CET)
Version 18 : Received: 3 January 2023 / Approved: 3 January 2023 / Online: 3 January 2023 (06:44:05 CET)
Version 19 : Received: 26 January 2023 / Approved: 27 January 2023 / Online: 27 January 2023 (07:05:20 CET)
Version 20 : Received: 6 February 2023 / Approved: 7 February 2023 / Online: 7 February 2023 (02:29:22 CET)
Version 21 : Received: 14 February 2023 / Approved: 15 February 2023 / Online: 15 February 2023 (03:05:26 CET)
Version 22 : Received: 23 February 2023 / Approved: 24 February 2023 / Online: 24 February 2023 (03:41:34 CET)
Version 23 : Received: 26 February 2023 / Approved: 27 February 2023 / Online: 27 February 2023 (07:58:55 CET)
Version 24 : Received: 5 March 2023 / Approved: 6 March 2023 / Online: 6 March 2023 (06:25:09 CET)
Version 25 : Received: 13 March 2023 / Approved: 14 March 2023 / Online: 14 March 2023 (06:39:18 CET)
Version 26 : Received: 15 March 2023 / Approved: 16 March 2023 / Online: 16 March 2023 (01:55:51 CET)
Version 27 : Received: 21 March 2023 / Approved: 22 March 2023 / Online: 22 March 2023 (03:09:52 CET)
Version 28 : Received: 24 March 2023 / Approved: 24 March 2023 / Online: 24 March 2023 (02:19:05 CET)
Version 29 : Received: 2 April 2023 / Approved: 3 April 2023 / Online: 3 April 2023 (05:27:14 CEST)
Version 30 : Received: 9 April 2023 / Approved: 10 April 2023 / Online: 10 April 2023 (04:28:36 CEST)
Version 31 : Received: 10 April 2023 / Approved: 11 April 2023 / Online: 11 April 2023 (04:01:12 CEST)
Version 32 : Received: 24 April 2023 / Approved: 24 April 2023 / Online: 24 April 2023 (05:42:54 CEST)
Version 33 : Received: 3 May 2023 / Approved: 5 May 2023 / Online: 5 May 2023 (02:52:40 CEST)
Version 34 : Received: 7 May 2023 / Approved: 9 May 2023 / Online: 9 May 2023 (07:39:15 CEST)
Version 35 : Received: 25 June 2023 / Approved: 26 June 2023 / Online: 26 June 2023 (04:45:05 CEST)
Version 36 : Received: 1 October 2023 / Approved: 2 October 2023 / Online: 2 October 2023 (04:04:45 CEST)
Version 37 : Received: 8 October 2023 / Approved: 9 October 2023 / Online: 9 October 2023 (03:05:30 CEST)
Version 38 : Received: 19 October 2023 / Approved: 19 October 2023 / Online: 19 October 2023 (02:03:16 CEST)
Version 39 : Received: 24 October 2023 / Approved: 25 October 2023 / Online: 25 October 2023 (10:09:24 CEST)
Version 40 : Received: 26 October 2023 / Approved: 26 October 2023 / Online: 26 October 2023 (10:41:07 CEST)
Version 41 : Received: 27 October 2023 / Approved: 27 October 2023 / Online: 27 October 2023 (11:41:02 CEST)
Version 42 : Received: 13 November 2023 / Approved: 13 November 2023 / Online: 13 November 2023 (11:34:06 CET)
Version 43 : Received: 22 November 2023 / Approved: 23 November 2023 / Online: 23 November 2023 (02:37:26 CET)
Version 44 : Received: 29 November 2023 / Approved: 29 November 2023 / Online: 29 November 2023 (11:08:20 CET)
Version 45 : Received: 3 January 2024 / Approved: 4 January 2024 / Online: 4 January 2024 (15:17:43 CET)
Version 46 : Received: 10 January 2024 / Approved: 10 January 2024 / Online: 11 January 2024 (01:50:35 CET)
Version 47 : Received: 1 February 2024 / Approved: 2 February 2024 / Online: 2 February 2024 (04:56:17 CET)
Version 48 : Received: 6 February 2024 / Approved: 7 February 2024 / Online: 7 February 2024 (06:49:43 CET)
Version 49 : Received: 8 February 2024 / Approved: 9 February 2024 / Online: 9 February 2024 (10:50:47 CET)
Version 50 : Received: 22 February 2024 / Approved: 23 February 2024 / Online: 23 February 2024 (09:29:35 CET)
Version 51 : Received: 28 February 2024 / Approved: 29 February 2024 / Online: 29 February 2024 (11:41:20 CET)
Version 52 : Received: 3 March 2024 / Approved: 4 March 2024 / Online: 4 March 2024 (10:21:59 CET)
Version 53 : Received: 17 March 2024 / Approved: 18 March 2024 / Online: 18 March 2024 (10:38:54 CET)
Version 54 : Received: 19 March 2024 / Approved: 20 March 2024 / Online: 20 March 2024 (08:24:52 CET)
Version 55 : Received: 23 March 2024 / Approved: 24 March 2024 / Online: 25 March 2024 (08:32:30 CET)
Version 56 : Received: 26 March 2024 / Approved: 27 March 2024 / Online: 27 March 2024 (06:35:00 CET)
Version 57 : Received: 9 April 2024 / Approved: 10 April 2024 / Online: 10 April 2024 (10:57:58 CEST)
Version 58 : Received: 18 April 2024 / Approved: 19 April 2024 / Online: 19 April 2024 (04:51:55 CEST)
Version 59 : Received: 1 May 2024 / Approved: 2 May 2024 / Online: 2 May 2024 (06:48:45 CEST)
Version 60 : Received: 6 May 2024 / Approved: 6 May 2024 / Online: 6 May 2024 (08:16:14 CEST)
Version 61 : Received: 14 May 2024 / Approved: 15 May 2024 / Online: 15 May 2024 (12:26:24 CEST)
Version 62 : Received: 16 May 2024 / Approved: 17 May 2024 / Online: 17 May 2024 (03:16:52 CEST)
Version 63 : Received: 21 May 2024 / Approved: 22 May 2024 / Online: 22 May 2024 (12:38:07 CEST)
Version 64 : Received: 26 May 2024 / Approved: 27 May 2024 / Online: 27 May 2024 (22:21:55 CEST)
Version 65 : Received: 5 June 2024 / Approved: 5 June 2024 / Online: 5 June 2024 (12:33:26 CEST)
Version 66 : Received: 9 June 2024 / Approved: 10 June 2024 / Online: 10 June 2024 (09:18:59 CEST)
Version 67 : Received: 14 June 2024 / Approved: 14 June 2024 / Online: 14 June 2024 (21:51:31 CEST)
Version 68 : Received: 16 June 2024 / Approved: 16 June 2024 / Online: 16 June 2024 (15:23:52 CEST)
Version 69 : Received: 19 June 2024 / Approved: 19 June 2024 / Online: 19 June 2024 (11:25:07 CEST)
Version 70 : Received: 1 July 2024 / Approved: 2 July 2024 / Online: 2 July 2024 (02:44:33 CEST)
Version 71 : Received: 3 July 2024 / Approved: 4 July 2024 / Online: 4 July 2024 (02:42:22 CEST)
Version 72 : Received: 7 July 2024 / Approved: 8 July 2024 / Online: 8 July 2024 (03:05:03 CEST)
Version 73 : Received: 14 July 2024 / Approved: 15 July 2024 / Online: 15 July 2024 (02:51:31 CEST)
Version 74 : Received: 29 July 2024 / Approved: 29 July 2024 / Online: 29 July 2024 (13:11:05 CEST)
Version 75 : Received: 5 August 2024 / Approved: 6 August 2024 / Online: 6 August 2024 (13:55:58 CEST)
Version 76 : Received: 26 August 2024 / Approved: 27 August 2024 / Online: 27 August 2024 (10:41:48 CEST)
Version 77 : Received: 26 September 2024 / Approved: 27 September 2024 / Online: 27 September 2024 (03:01:09 CEST)
Version 78 : Received: 28 September 2024 / Approved: 30 September 2024 / Online: 30 September 2024 (10:35:15 CEST)
Version 79 : Received: 26 October 2024 / Approved: 29 October 2024 / Online: 30 October 2024 (10:28:24 CET)

Today’s concept of time is based on Einstein’s theories of special (SR) and general relativity (GR). Many physicists anticipate that GR has an issue since it is not compatible with quantum mechanics. Here we show: SR and GR work well for each observer describing his unique reality, but “Einstein time” (Einstein’s concept of time) has an issue. It arranges all events in the universe in a 1D line on my watch, yet neither cosmology nor quantum mechanics care about my watch. Einstein time hides the big picture! In Euclidean relativity (ER), we replace egocentric Einstein time (coordinate time of an observer) with universal Euclidean time (proper time of each object). In Euclidean spacetime (ES), all energy is moving at the speed of light c. Euclidean time is distance covered in ES, divided by c. For each object, Euclidean time flows in a unique 4D direction equal to its current direction of motion. Clocks project this 4D flow to a 1D flow of time. So, each clock displays Einstein time. Unlike other ER models, we claim that an observer’s reality is only created by projecting ES orthogonally to his proper 3D space and to his proper flow of time. ER gives us the same Lorentz factor as in SR and the same gravitational time dilation as in GR, but now we learn that they stem from a projection. ER outperforms SR in explaining time’s arrow and mc². ER outperforms a GR-based cosmology in solving competing Hubble constants and declaring cosmic inflation, expansion of space, and dark energy redundant. Most important, ER is compatible with quantum mechanics: It solves the wave–particle duality and quantum entanglement while declaring non-locality redundant.

cosmology; Hubble constant; gravitation; wave–particle duality; entanglement

Physical Sciences, Theoretical Physics

* All users must log in before leaving a comment