Abstract: The motivation for investigating the issues presented in this article stemmed from a discovery that resulted from using the magnetic flux quantum, that combine the Planck's constant and the Elementary charge. It led to a new relationship between the combined expressions, it reviled that the mass of the electron is associated with the magnitude of the square of the magnetic flux quantum. Also, It revile a novel significance of the vacuum permittivity constant (in SI units), that relies also on an analogy to the kinetic theory of gases. By using the concept of the nucleus motion around the center of mass shared with the electron in the Hydrogen atom, along with defineing the orbital angular momentum of the proton at the trajectory around the center of mass, yield a velocity of the proton at this trajectory, and also a new physical constant which fulfill a similar role like the fine structure constant. The new constant yield results for the proton and neutron masses and their radii. Another aspect presented in a briefly way, demonstrates the connection between the square of the magnetic flux quantum through the Bohr radius that provides a novel significance of the wave function in the atom. This paper presents also a new perspective on the internal structure of the proton and neutron with their quarks, and on the origin of the weak force bosons associated with this internal structure. The proton, neutron and all baryons consist of two energy levels on which the Up and Down quarks are in orbit, and a third energy level that equal to ~ 80 [Gev], that plays a central role in the decay process via the weak force. The results are in full accordance with the results published by NIST CODATA 2018 that I’ve used, validating the results.

Abstract: In the Earth–Moon–Sun system, the Newtonian gravitational force exerted by the Sun on the Moon exceeds the force exerted by the Earth. A naive force-magnitude interpretation might therefore suggest that the Moon should be classified as a planet orbiting the Sun rather than as a satellite of the Earth. Newtonian mechanics resolves this situation through relative motion and stability analysis; however, it does not introduce a primitive scalar criterion that determines binding dominance in multi-body systems. This paper presents Desmos theory as an axiomatic framework that embeds Newtonian gravity as a strict special case, connects consistently with General Relativity through a metric-based transformation, and admits a formal correspondence with energy quantization. Desmos is interpreted as a causal and explanatory layer that classifies structural binding prior to dynamics, geometry, or quantization.

Abstract: Inspired by Niels Bohr’s correspondence principle, this paper proposes and preliminarily validates a universal framework for self-organized dynamics. The framework posits that when a system is in a state of deep and sustained coupling with its environment, the generation of its internal structure is not driven by specific informational content but triggered by the accumulation of a time-delayed dose. Once the dose reaches a system-specific critical threshold, the system undergoes a non-equilibrium phase transition, spontaneously generating an internal structure that is logically isomorphic to the dominant environmental rule—a process termed rule replication. Intense fluctuations in the environment can significantly accelerate dose accumulation. The explanatory power and preliminary predictive potential of this theoretical framework are demonstrated through three independent case studies across different scales: quantum physics (controlling entanglement dynamics by engineering a non-Markovian environment), biomedicine (social isolation stress triggering specific prefrontal protein network restructuring and compulsive behavior), and socio-cognitive phenomena (large-scale AI interaction leading to the emergence of corresponding syntactic structures in human dreams). This study aims to provide a unified conceptual starting point for understanding structure generation phenomena across scales, from quantum decoherence to cognitive emergence.

Abstract: The twin paradox, formulated by Paul Langevin in 1911 shortly after Einstein published his theory of special relativity, stands as one of the most enduring debates in modern physics. Despite its status as a "solved paradox" in the standard literature, discussions persist regarding its deeper physical interpretation. This article traces the historical evolution of this debate over more than a century and presents a radical resolution emerging from the paradigm that redefines space as a physical medium. Our paradigm provides a physical foundation for relativity's mathematical formalism while making testable predictions about an asymmetry in relativistic H$^+$/He$^+$ ion collisions. The proposed resolution transforms relativity from an operational tool into a theory derived from deeper physical principles.

Abstract:

This paper develops a rigorous formalization of the subquantum informational vacuum within the framework of New Subquantum Informational Mechanics (NMSI). We demonstrate that Maxwell’s equations constitute the classical, local, and stationary limit of a more fundamental theory based on informational dynamics. The foundational axioms of the informational vacuum are introduced, along with the NMSI unit system based on the infobit (the fundamental pre-quantum informational unit, distinct from the quantum-mechanical qubit). The electromagnetic field equations are formally derived from the informational Lagrangian. We identify domains where Maxwell’s formalism becomes insufficient and propose specific, testable predictions unique to NMSI. Explicit falsifiability criteria are provided, establishing NMSI as a scientifically rigorous theoretical framework.

Abstract:

We present a complete axiomatic framework for New Subquantum Informational Mechanics (NMSI), a fundamental physical theory in which information, rather than energy, constitutes the ontological substrate of reality. The framework is based on ten interdependent axioms describing an eternal, oscillatory, and non-expansive universe, where all physical phenomena emerge from the modulation of informational density within a structured subquantum vacuum. NMSI eliminates spacetime singularities through multi-layer curvature stratification, resolves the Hubble tension (H₀) without ad-hoc parameters, and explains the presence of early mature galaxies observed by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) via accelerated structure formation at advanced informational phase. In this framework, dark matter is reinterpreted as a complementary informational phase of baryonic matter, eliminating the need for exotic particles, while dark energy ceases to exist as a physical entity and is replaced by a geometric phase gradient. We provide complete mathematical derivations for all axioms, a rigorous mapping between theoretical quantities and primary observables (spectroscopic redshift, luminosity and angular distances, galaxy rotation curves, gravitational lensing, and gravitational-wave signatures), as well as quantitative, testable predictions tied to specific instruments (DESI, JWST/NIRSpec, ANDES/ELT, LISA). The framework demonstrates full compatibility with local gravity tests (PPN formalism, Mercury perihelion precession, binary pulsars) and includes a detailed parametric sensitivity analysis. Crucially, NMSI is explicitly falsifiable through five independent experimental test classes: (1) temporal redshift variation (dz/dt), (2) direct detection of WIMP-like dark matter particles, (3) variation of the fine-structure constant α(Z), (4) deviations in gravitational-wave waveforms, and (5) anomalous lensing-to-baryonic mass ratios in galaxy clusters. The proposed framework satisfies the criteria of internal logical coherence, experimental falsifiability, and observational relevance, and offers a clearly formulated paradigm shift from energy-based to information-based fundamental physics.

Abstract: We innovate the Lorentz covariant spacetime curls for the complex Minkowski space, from which the extended Maxwell equations are theoretically derived rigorously. The extended Maxwell equations, which actually arise from the features of the spacetime characterized by the Lorentz transformation, are found to be capable of describing the fields of electromagnetism and weak gravity as distinct solutions in the unified way. The properties of gravitational and electromagnetic fields, such as the interaction force, the energy flux density and the Lagrangian, are obtained homogeneously. The nature that the electric charges with the same sign repel each other and the objects with masses always attract each other, which was previously considered to be the bounty of nature, can now be theoretically derived in this mechanic. Besides, both the electromagnetism and the gravity unfold their mirror descriptions. A unified charge dimension, which will facilitate to the homogeneous description of the two interactions, is proposed. The mechanic is partially examined in a thought experiment.

Abstract: In the framework of the recently proposed 4G model of final unification, integrating three large atomic gravitational constants corresponding to the electromagnetic, strong, and electroweak interactions, we explore the physical existence of a fundamental electroweak fermion of rest energy 585 GeV. This particle is envisioned as the "zygote" of all elementary fermions and as the weak‐field counterpart to photons and gluons. Using three core assumptions and five defining relations, the model quantitatively reproduces key nuclear and particle physics observables, including the strong coupling constant, nuclear binding energies, neutron lifetime, charge radii, and several dimensionless large numbers. Theoretical string tensions and energies are derived for each atomic interaction (weak, strong, electromagnetic) using experimentally relevant scales (GeV–MeV–eV) rather than the inaccessible Planck scale, thus extending string theory's applicability to testable low‑energy domains. Comparative analysis (Tables 1 and 2) demonstrates close agreement between calculated string energies and known interaction energies, providing a bridge between quantum gravity concepts and measurable nuclear data. String theory’s mathematical consistency requires experimental grounding. Systematically testing different sets of the three atomic gravitational constants (Ge, Gn, Gw) over the next 15 years offers a practical pathway to advance string theory from an abstract mathematical framework to a viable predictive model with experimentally testable interaction-level phenomena. The model predicts astrophysical signatures of the 585 GeV fermion through annihilation and acceleration processes generating TeV–multi‑TeV photons, consistent with Fermi-LAT gamma-ray excesses in the Milky Way halo (0.5–0.8 TeV dark matter mass range, 20 GeV spectral peaks). Our 4G model's charged electroweak fermion at 585 GeV/c² exhibits remarkable numerical proximity to half the supersymmetric Higgsino mass (1.1–1.2) TeV/c², where 2×585 GeV = 1.170 TeV precisely matches both the central Higgsino prediction and the H.E.S.S. cosmic-ray electron spectral break energy. This triple correspondence among independent phenomena, the predicted mass doubling, Higgsino dark matter candidate, and observed electron spectrum transition, reinforces alignment with dark matter, supersymmetry, and high-energy astrophysics theories. The charged fermion may manifest through electron-positron pair production or annihilation processes contributing to the 1.17 TeV spectral characteristics. Such convergence provides compelling experimental search avenues bridging nuclear physics, particle phenomenology, and cosmic-ray astrophysics while demonstrating the model’s ability to unify fundamental constants within an experimentally testable string–gravitational framework.

Abstract: Faizal et al. (2025) argue that Gödel–Tarski–Chaitin limits render a purely algorithmic Theory of Everything impossible, concluding that the universe cannot be a computer simulation. We demonstrate that this conclusion commits a quantifier overreach by conflating two distinct notions: (i) algorithmic simulation, which attempts to compute all truths about the fundamental layer, and (ii) projection simulation, which approximates observables on a well-posed shadow manifold. Within the Timeless Counterspace and Shadow Gravity (TCGS-SEQUENTION) framework, we show that the 4-D counterspace C functions as the Tarskian “semantic truth” (the Territory), while the 3-D shadow Σ constitutes “syntactic provability” (the Map). Undecidability theorems constrain the Map, not the Territory. Crucially, the TCGS framework provides a concrete geometric instantiation of the “Meta-Theory of Everything” (MToE) that Faizal et al. invoke abstractly: the projection map X : Σ → C plays the role of their external truth predicate T(x), grounding non-algorithmic truths in geometric structure rather than meta-logical assertion. We prove three main results: (A) the undecidability-based no-go theorem applies only to algorithmic simulations targeting the Territory; (B) the shadow manifold Σ admits well-posed dynamics under a single extrinsic constitutive law, rendering all empirical observables computably approximable to arbitrary accuracy; (C) the inference from “no algorithmic simulation of C” to “no simulation whatsoever” is a formal quantifier error. We conclude that non-algorithmicity at the source is fully compatible with deterministic, simulable shadow phenomenology—and that quantum complementarity, dark-sector phenomenology, and biological convergence all manifest as projection artifacts of this same geometric architecture.

Abstract: We present a maximum-entropy (MaxEnt) derivation of spacetime geometry starting from a quantum thermal ensemble of local displacement fluctuations. The sole constraint imposed is the expectation value of a quadratic line-element observable. Maximization of entropy yields a Gaussian displacement kernel whose second moments encode an emergent metric structure. Beginning in a locally inertial (flattened Minkowski) frame, we show how curved spacetime geometry and field-space metrics arise through pushforward of the same MaxEnt measure, performed entirely inside the defining integrals. We demonstrate the equivalence of this formulation with the quantum thermal (Matsubara) density-matrix description, without assuming a prior Hilbert-space structure. The resulting geometry is expectation-valued and information-theoretic in origin. This framework provides a unified statistical foundation for spacetime geometry consistent with information geometry, quantum statistical mechanics, and covariant field theory.

Abstract: Contemporary models of quantum retrocausality—from Price & Wharton’s “constrained collider bias” and Cramer’s Transactional Interpretation to Castagnoli’s “causal loops”—share a common presupposition: that temporal order is ontologically fundamental, and that apparent backward-in-time influences require novel causal mechanisms. This paper demonstrates that the Timeless Counterspace (TCGS-SEQUENTION) framework dissolves rather than explains retrocausality. We prove that in any static 4-dimensional counterspace (C, G_AB,Ψ) where time is a foliation gauge (Axiom A3), the “direction” of an apparent causal relation is a foliation artifact with no intrinsic 4D content. Price & Wharton’s “constrained collider” is reinterpreted as a boundary condition in C; Cramer’s “handshake” as worldline connectivity; Castagnoli’s “causal loops” as sequential misreadings of a non-sequential 4D structure. We identify a sharp ontological distinction—the Gauge Dealbreaker—between TCGS (time has no ontic status) and all retrocausal models (time is ontic but admits backward influence). We further distinguish TCGS from standard eternalism, which treats time as a coordinate dimension rather than a pure gauge artifact. The paper provides formal definitions, theorems, and a systematic reinterpretation protocol applicable to any putative retrocausal phenomenon. We conclude that the “mystery” of retrocausality is an artifact of treating foliation parameters as physical facts.

Abstract: This research answers the knowledge gap regarding the explanation of the quantum jump of the electron. This scientific paper aims to complete Einstein’s research regarding general relativity and attempt to link general relativity to quantum laws.

Abstract: In the paper, we propose a modified relativistic dynamics for a particle moving with an acceleration $a$ with respect to a background frame of vacuum with a temperature $T$. This background temperature is detected by such an accelerated particle according to Unruh effect, working like a background thermal bath. The Planck temperature $T_P$ is associated with the Planck energy $E_P$, which is obtained for the so-called Planck acceleration $a_P$, being maximum and unattainable (invariant). Thus, the acceleration in the scenario of a deformed special relativity (DSR) leads to a thermal background field that represents a preferred frame. Hence, the energy $E=mc^2$ needs a correction close to the Planck energy $E_P$, so that the well-known Magueijo-Smolin energy equation is obtained. However, it is interpreted within a cosmological and thermodynamic scenario where a thermal vacuum arises to the accelaration of the particle. Furthermore, we also show that the speed of light has diverged at the beginning of the universe with Planck temperature when the inflation occurred due to the Planck acceleration. Therefore, there was a rapid decrease of the speed of light during the cosmic inflation, which contradicts the varying speed of light (VSL) theories used to explain the so-called horizon problem.

Abstract: This work synthesizes a complete paradigm developed across multiple interconnected publications, and we propose a paradigm where space itself is the fundamental, elastic medium. This framework rehabilitates an absolute reference frame while fully preserving the mathematical formalism of Special Relativity as an effective observational theory. The model replaces the postulate of a featureless vacuum with three physical principles: space elasticity, wave-matter identity, and energy-conserving In/Out wave circulation. From these we derive a self-consistent field theory where particles emerge as localized standing waves and photons as self-propelled dipoles. The paradigm provides mechanistic explanations for core principles: velocity and kinetic energy are geometric deformation states of matter waves, and the equivalence of inertial and gravitational mass follows from their common origin in total deformation energy. Crucially, it yields testable predictions that distinguish it from standard physics, including an asymmetric outcome for the symmetric Twin Paradox scenario and measurable asymmetries in high-energy ion collisions. This work offers a realist, wave-based foundation for reconciling quantum non-locality, relativistic effects, and gravitational interaction.

Abstract: We propose a geometrically motivated framework in which the large-scale evolution of the Universe is described by a coherent multidimensional wavefunction possessing a preferred direction of propagation. Within this formulation, the scalar envelope of the wavefunction defines a critical hypersurface whose temporal evolution provides an effective geometric description of cosmic expansion. The resulting picture naturally incorporates an arrow of time, large-scale homogeneity, and a nonsingular expansion history, without invoking an inflationary phase, a cosmological constant, or an initial singularity. The critical hypersurface takes the form of a three-dimensional sphere whose radius plays the role of a cosmological scale factor. Its evolution leads to a time-dependent expansion rate with a positive but gradually decreasing acceleration. The associated density evolution follows a well-defined scaling law that is consistent with the standard stress–energy continuity equation and corresponds to an effective equation-of-state parameter w = -1/3. As a consequence, the total mass–energy contained within the expanding hypersurface increases with time in a manner that remains fully compatible with the continuity relation. Analytical estimates derived from the model yield values for the present expansion rate and mean density that are in close agreement with current observational constraints. Within this geometric interpretation, the gravitational constant emerges as an invariant global potential associated with the critical hypersurface, linking the conserved properties of the wavefunction to observable gravitational coupling. The framework therefore provides a self-consistent, effective description in which cosmic expansion and gravitational dynamics arise from the geometry of a universal wavefunction, suggesting a deep connection between quantum structure, spacetime geometry, and cosmological evolution.

Abstract: We present a comparative phenomenological analysis of Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) and Verlinde’s emergent gravity as alternatives to particle dark matter at galactic scales. Focusing on key empirical regularities—flat galaxy rotation curves, the baryonic Tully– Fisher relation, and the radial acceleration relation (RAR)—we examine how each framework links observed dynamics to the distribution of baryonic matter in the low-acceleration regime. In MOND, these relations arise directly from a modified acceleration law characterized by a universal scale a0, yielding highly constrained predictions and naturally accounting for the observed universality and low intrinsic scatter of the RAR. In emergent gravity, MOND-like scaling can be reproduced at an effective level through an additional entropic contribution to the acceleration, but existing predictions rely on restrictive assumptions such as symmetry, isolation, and equilibrium, making their robustness across diverse galactic environments less clear. We argue that the small scatter and environmental stability of galactic scaling relations provide stringent discriminators, and that, at present, MOND offers a more tightly constrained phenomenological description of galactic dynamics, while emergent gravity remains an intriguing but less predictive framework.

Abstract: The Wheeler–DeWitt equation imposes a Hamiltonian constraint that removes explicit temporal evolution from the quantum state of the universe, producing a frozen mathematical description that conflicts with the observed dynamical nature of physics. This timelessness is not a paradox but a sign of structural incompleteness: the theory lacks a physical time field that provides flow, memory, and energy exchange. We introduce a minimal extension in which an explicit scalar time field, Theta, enters the Hamiltonian and drives evolution through its conjugate momentum, mediated by a universal stability constant chi, approximately 0.551, derived from the Chronos framework. This restores continuous dynamics without violating diffeomorphism invariance or abandoning constraint quantization. The traditional Wheeler–DeWitt form appears naturally when the time field reaches equilibrium, while deviations from equilibrium reproduce the temporal flow seen in nature. This framework links quantum behavior, thermodynamic progression, and cosmic evolution within a unified structure. It also clarifies why artificial intelligence and information systems, which operate on discrete states, lack inherent continuity. By reinstating time as a scalar field, the Wheeler–DeWitt constraint becomes a generator of physical evolution rather than a statement of stasis, aligning the mathematics of quantum gravity with the dynamism of the universe.

Abstract: A recent proposal by Faizal et al. (2025) argues that because formal axiomatic systems describing quantum gravity are subject to Gödelian incompleteness, the physical universe must rely on "non-algorithmic" layers or an external "Meta-Theory of Everything" to ensure consistency. We demonstrate that this conclusion rests on a fundamental category error: the conflation of the syntactic limitations of a descriptive Formal Axiomatic System (FAS) with the semantic reality of the physical universe. We provide a formal proof that Gödel’s theorems, which apply strictly to systems capable of modeling Peano Arithmetic and Actual Infinity, are inapplicable to a physical universe constrained by the Bekenstein Bound. By formalizing the universe as a Measure-Many Quantum Finite Automaton (QFA) over a finite Hilbert space, we demonstrate an isomorphism to a Deterministic Finite Automaton (DFA) under unitary evolution. Unlike Turing Machines or Linear Bounded Automata, for which key logical properties are undecidable, the FSA class is strictly decidable. Consequently, we prove that the universe is logically self-consistent without the need for external axioms. Furthermore, we demonstrate that "singularities" are artifacts of the continuum limit ( ), representing a divergence between the information density required by the mathematical map and the capacity of the physical territory. We conclude that the universe operates on a principle of Constructive Immanence: consistency is not a theorem to be proved by a meta-system, but a state to be actualized by the system itself.

Abstract: This work develops a Lorentz-invariant variational framework in which Fisher-information geometry appears as an intrinsic structural contribution to quantum dynamics. Motivated by longstanding attempts to connect quantum mechanics with information-theoretic principles, we introduce an action functional depending on the density and phase fields in the Madelung representation. Variation of this action yields a modified Klein–Gordon equation containing a single nonlinear term proportional to the four-dimensional Fisher-information curvature of the probability density. The standard Klein–Gordon equation is recovered when the structural parameter vanishes, ensuring full compatibility with established relativistic dynamics. Taking the nonrelativistic limit, we obtain a uniquely determined nonlinear Schrödinger equation in which the correction term is the functional derivative of the Fisher information. The resulting dynamics preserve probability, maintain the Hamilton–Jacobi correspondence, and contain the linear Schrödinger equation as a special case. Analytical expressions for Gaussian and superposed states demonstrate how the structural modification scales with spatial localization and interference structure, providing clear qualitative signatures that distinguish the model from previous nonlinear extensions and offer a theoretical basis for future experimental verification. The results establish a mathematically transparent link between information geometry and quantum dynamics and provide a foundation for future extensions to fermionic, gauge, and many-body systems.

Abstract: The MMA–DMF framework connects cosmological “dark sector” phenomenology with quantum-foundational phenomena by treating a single screened scalar field as both a mediator of large-scale modified gravity and a stochastic vacuum bath responsible for gravitational decoherence. This paper consolidates the full, dated MMA–DMF validation record contained in the project materials (with an audited, frozen parameter set) and reports the complete test suite relevant to uncertainty and decoherence: (i) a strict Fluctuation–Dissipation Theorem (FDT) stability test for the Generalized Langevin Equation (GLE) memory kernel, which passes an energy-drift criterion of |slope| < 10−5 in long integrations; (ii) a dynamic contextuality roll-off test in which the CHSH Bell parameter transitions from the Tsirelson value S ≈ 2.828 at quasi-static settings to the classical bound S → 2 under fast modulation, quantified by explicit frequency-dependent suppression formulas; and (iii) a T-MAGIS atom-interferometry campaign prediction in which a density-modulated environment produces a detectable contrast loss ∆V ≈ 3.4 × 10−3 to 4 × 10−3 under representative configurations, with a tabulated scaling versus distance and interrogation time and a shot-noise sensitivity forecast yielding high signal-to-noise for hour-scale integration. We also summarize MMA–DMF-linked phenomenology across scales, including a joint cosmological likelihood structure with cross-covariance correction and representative reported values (H0, S8) ≈ (72.1 km s−1 Mpc−1, 0.761), plus a gravitational-wave echo delay estimate of ∆techo ≈ 32 ms for stellar-mass systems. The combined record constrains MMA–DMF by demanding simultaneous thermodynamic consistency of the stochastic sector, a controlled transition from contextual to classical correlations under finite response time, and a falsifiable laboratory decoherence signature under controlled density modulation.