Preprint Article Version 14 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Solving the Mystery of Time and Unifying Relativity with Quantum Mechanics

Version 1 : Received: 25 July 2022 / Approved: 26 July 2022 / Online: 26 July 2022 (09:39:10 CEST)
Version 2 : Received: 27 July 2022 / Approved: 28 July 2022 / Online: 28 July 2022 (03:47:22 CEST)
Version 3 : Received: 31 July 2022 / Approved: 1 August 2022 / Online: 1 August 2022 (09:01:17 CEST)
Version 4 : Received: 2 August 2022 / Approved: 3 August 2022 / Online: 3 August 2022 (04:04:29 CEST)
Version 5 : Received: 3 August 2022 / Approved: 4 August 2022 / Online: 4 August 2022 (04:51:16 CEST)
Version 6 : Received: 23 August 2022 / Approved: 24 August 2022 / Online: 24 August 2022 (05:01:17 CEST)
Version 7 : Received: 28 August 2022 / Approved: 29 August 2022 / Online: 29 August 2022 (05:34:28 CEST)
Version 8 : Received: 4 September 2022 / Approved: 5 September 2022 / Online: 5 September 2022 (05:24:55 CEST)
Version 9 : Received: 5 September 2022 / Approved: 6 September 2022 / Online: 6 September 2022 (03:44:41 CEST)
Version 10 : Received: 6 October 2022 / Approved: 7 October 2022 / Online: 7 October 2022 (08:29:57 CEST)
Version 11 : Received: 16 October 2022 / Approved: 17 October 2022 / Online: 17 October 2022 (04:12:56 CEST)
Version 12 : Received: 14 November 2022 / Approved: 15 November 2022 / Online: 15 November 2022 (02:52:14 CET)
Version 13 : Received: 21 December 2022 / Approved: 22 December 2022 / Online: 22 December 2022 (03:14:47 CET)
Version 14 : Received: 27 December 2022 / Approved: 27 December 2022 / Online: 27 December 2022 (02:08:51 CET)
Version 15 : Received: 28 December 2022 / Approved: 28 December 2022 / Online: 28 December 2022 (03:07:42 CET)
Version 16 : Received: 29 December 2022 / Approved: 29 December 2022 / Online: 29 December 2022 (02:41:35 CET)
Version 17 : Received: 30 December 2022 / Approved: 30 December 2022 / Online: 30 December 2022 (01:55:51 CET)
Version 18 : Received: 3 January 2023 / Approved: 3 January 2023 / Online: 3 January 2023 (06:44:05 CET)
Version 19 : Received: 26 January 2023 / Approved: 27 January 2023 / Online: 27 January 2023 (07:05:20 CET)
Version 20 : Received: 6 February 2023 / Approved: 7 February 2023 / Online: 7 February 2023 (02:29:22 CET)
Version 21 : Received: 14 February 2023 / Approved: 15 February 2023 / Online: 15 February 2023 (03:05:26 CET)
Version 22 : Received: 23 February 2023 / Approved: 24 February 2023 / Online: 24 February 2023 (03:41:34 CET)
Version 23 : Received: 26 February 2023 / Approved: 27 February 2023 / Online: 27 February 2023 (07:58:55 CET)
Version 24 : Received: 5 March 2023 / Approved: 6 March 2023 / Online: 6 March 2023 (06:25:09 CET)
Version 25 : Received: 13 March 2023 / Approved: 14 March 2023 / Online: 14 March 2023 (06:39:18 CET)
Version 26 : Received: 15 March 2023 / Approved: 16 March 2023 / Online: 16 March 2023 (01:55:51 CET)
Version 27 : Received: 21 March 2023 / Approved: 22 March 2023 / Online: 22 March 2023 (03:09:52 CET)
Version 28 : Received: 24 March 2023 / Approved: 24 March 2023 / Online: 24 March 2023 (02:19:05 CET)
Version 29 : Received: 2 April 2023 / Approved: 3 April 2023 / Online: 3 April 2023 (05:27:14 CEST)
Version 30 : Received: 9 April 2023 / Approved: 10 April 2023 / Online: 10 April 2023 (04:28:36 CEST)
Version 31 : Received: 10 April 2023 / Approved: 11 April 2023 / Online: 11 April 2023 (04:01:12 CEST)
Version 32 : Received: 24 April 2023 / Approved: 24 April 2023 / Online: 24 April 2023 (05:42:54 CEST)
Version 33 : Received: 3 May 2023 / Approved: 5 May 2023 / Online: 5 May 2023 (02:52:40 CEST)
Version 34 : Received: 7 May 2023 / Approved: 9 May 2023 / Online: 9 May 2023 (07:39:15 CEST)
Version 35 : Received: 25 June 2023 / Approved: 26 June 2023 / Online: 26 June 2023 (04:45:05 CEST)
Version 36 : Received: 1 October 2023 / Approved: 2 October 2023 / Online: 2 October 2023 (04:04:45 CEST)
Version 37 : Received: 8 October 2023 / Approved: 9 October 2023 / Online: 9 October 2023 (03:05:30 CEST)
Version 38 : Received: 19 October 2023 / Approved: 19 October 2023 / Online: 19 October 2023 (02:03:16 CEST)
Version 39 : Received: 24 October 2023 / Approved: 25 October 2023 / Online: 25 October 2023 (10:09:24 CEST)
Version 40 : Received: 26 October 2023 / Approved: 26 October 2023 / Online: 26 October 2023 (10:41:07 CEST)
Version 41 : Received: 27 October 2023 / Approved: 27 October 2023 / Online: 27 October 2023 (11:41:02 CEST)
Version 42 : Received: 13 November 2023 / Approved: 13 November 2023 / Online: 13 November 2023 (11:34:06 CET)
Version 43 : Received: 22 November 2023 / Approved: 23 November 2023 / Online: 23 November 2023 (02:37:26 CET)
Version 44 : Received: 29 November 2023 / Approved: 29 November 2023 / Online: 29 November 2023 (11:08:20 CET)
Version 45 : Received: 3 January 2024 / Approved: 4 January 2024 / Online: 4 January 2024 (15:17:43 CET)
Version 46 : Received: 10 January 2024 / Approved: 10 January 2024 / Online: 11 January 2024 (01:50:35 CET)
Version 47 : Received: 1 February 2024 / Approved: 2 February 2024 / Online: 2 February 2024 (04:56:17 CET)
Version 48 : Received: 6 February 2024 / Approved: 7 February 2024 / Online: 7 February 2024 (06:49:43 CET)
Version 49 : Received: 8 February 2024 / Approved: 9 February 2024 / Online: 9 February 2024 (10:50:47 CET)
Version 50 : Received: 22 February 2024 / Approved: 23 February 2024 / Online: 23 February 2024 (09:29:35 CET)
Version 51 : Received: 28 February 2024 / Approved: 29 February 2024 / Online: 29 February 2024 (11:41:20 CET)
Version 52 : Received: 3 March 2024 / Approved: 4 March 2024 / Online: 4 March 2024 (10:21:59 CET)
Version 53 : Received: 17 March 2024 / Approved: 18 March 2024 / Online: 18 March 2024 (10:38:54 CET)
Version 54 : Received: 19 March 2024 / Approved: 20 March 2024 / Online: 20 March 2024 (08:24:52 CET)
Version 55 : Received: 23 March 2024 / Approved: 24 March 2024 / Online: 25 March 2024 (08:32:30 CET)
Version 56 : Received: 26 March 2024 / Approved: 27 March 2024 / Online: 27 March 2024 (06:35:00 CET)
Version 57 : Received: 9 April 2024 / Approved: 10 April 2024 / Online: 10 April 2024 (10:57:58 CEST)
Version 58 : Received: 18 April 2024 / Approved: 19 April 2024 / Online: 19 April 2024 (04:51:55 CEST)
Version 59 : Received: 1 May 2024 / Approved: 2 May 2024 / Online: 2 May 2024 (06:48:45 CEST)
Version 60 : Received: 6 May 2024 / Approved: 6 May 2024 / Online: 6 May 2024 (08:16:14 CEST)
Version 61 : Received: 14 May 2024 / Approved: 15 May 2024 / Online: 15 May 2024 (12:26:24 CEST)
Version 62 : Received: 16 May 2024 / Approved: 17 May 2024 / Online: 17 May 2024 (03:16:52 CEST)
Version 63 : Received: 21 May 2024 / Approved: 22 May 2024 / Online: 22 May 2024 (12:38:07 CEST)
Version 64 : Received: 26 May 2024 / Approved: 27 May 2024 / Online: 27 May 2024 (22:21:55 CEST)
Version 65 : Received: 5 June 2024 / Approved: 5 June 2024 / Online: 5 June 2024 (12:33:26 CEST)
Version 66 : Received: 9 June 2024 / Approved: 10 June 2024 / Online: 10 June 2024 (09:18:59 CEST)
Version 67 : Received: 14 June 2024 / Approved: 14 June 2024 / Online: 14 June 2024 (21:51:31 CEST)
Version 68 : Received: 16 June 2024 / Approved: 16 June 2024 / Online: 16 June 2024 (15:23:52 CEST)
Version 69 : Received: 19 June 2024 / Approved: 19 June 2024 / Online: 19 June 2024 (11:25:07 CEST)
Version 70 : Received: 1 July 2024 / Approved: 2 July 2024 / Online: 2 July 2024 (02:44:33 CEST)
Version 71 : Received: 3 July 2024 / Approved: 4 July 2024 / Online: 4 July 2024 (02:42:22 CEST)
Version 72 : Received: 7 July 2024 / Approved: 8 July 2024 / Online: 8 July 2024 (03:05:03 CEST)
Version 73 : Received: 14 July 2024 / Approved: 15 July 2024 / Online: 15 July 2024 (02:51:31 CEST)
Version 74 : Received: 29 July 2024 / Approved: 29 July 2024 / Online: 29 July 2024 (13:11:05 CEST)
Version 75 : Received: 5 August 2024 / Approved: 6 August 2024 / Online: 6 August 2024 (13:55:58 CEST)
Version 76 : Received: 26 August 2024 / Approved: 27 August 2024 / Online: 27 August 2024 (10:41:48 CEST)
Version 77 : Received: 26 September 2024 / Approved: 27 September 2024 / Online: 27 September 2024 (03:01:09 CEST)
Version 78 : Received: 28 September 2024 / Approved: 30 September 2024 / Online: 30 September 2024 (10:35:15 CEST)

How to cite: Niemz, M. H.; Stein, S. W. Solving the Mystery of Time and Unifying Relativity with Quantum Mechanics. Preprints 2022, 2022070399. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202207.0399.v14 Niemz, M. H.; Stein, S. W. Solving the Mystery of Time and Unifying Relativity with Quantum Mechanics. Preprints 2022, 2022070399. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202207.0399.v14

Abstract

Today's concept of time traces back to Albert Einstein's theories of special (SR) and general relativity (GR). In SR, uniformly moving clocks are slow with respect to my clocks. In GR, clocks in a more curved spacetime are slow with respect to my clocks. Many physicists anticipate that GR has an issue as it isn't compatible with quantum mechanics. Here we show: There is indeed an issue in "Einstein time" (Einstein's concept of time) because it takes the proper time of one observer as the fourth coordinate of all objects in the universe. We claim that there is a 4D vector "flow of time" for each object, which must be rotated in 4D Euclidean spacetime (ES) when transforming coordinates. SR and GR work well as approximations, but only if we consider objects on and close to Earth, where that vector is nearly the same. We replace Einstein time with Euclidean time, which takes the proper time of an object as its fourth coordinate. Unlike other models of Euclidean relativity (ER), we claim that reality is only formed by projecting ES to an observer's 3D space. We prove: The Lorentz factor is recovered in ER; acceleration relates to a 4D rotation; ER is compatible with quantum mechanics! We solve 13 mysteries, such as mc2, gravitational time dilation, the Hubble constant, wave–particle duality, and entanglement. Four concepts (inflation/expansion of space, dark energy, non-locality) become redundant. We conclude: Occam's razor knocks out Einstein time.

Keywords

cosmology; gravitation; Hubble constant; wave–particle duality; entanglement

Subject

Physical Sciences, Quantum Science and Technology

Comments (1)

Comment 1
Received: 27 December 2022
Commenter: Markolf Niemz
Commenter's Conflict of Interests: Author
Comment: We added some changes to the Abstract, the Introduction, Sect. 5.5, and the Conclusions.
+ Respond to this comment

We encourage comments and feedback from a broad range of readers. See criteria for comments and our Diversity statement.

Leave a public comment
Send a private comment to the author(s)
* All users must log in before leaving a comment
Views 0
Downloads 0
Comments 1


×
Alerts
Notify me about updates to this article or when a peer-reviewed version is published.
We use cookies on our website to ensure you get the best experience.
Read more about our cookies here.