preprints.org > physical sciences > theoretical physics > doi: 10.20944/preprints202207.0399.v35

Preprint Article Version 35 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

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The primary concept of time in special and general relativity (SR, GR) and quantum mechanics (QM) is coordinate time t. Here I show: SR and GR are mathematically correct, but physically t has an issue. It takes an observer as the center of time, just as the geocentric model takes Earth as the center of space. In Euclidean relativity (ER), the roles of t and proper time τ have switched. Time dilation is interpreted differently: In ER, an observed clock is slow with respect to an observer in his proper flow of time (not in its proper flow of time as in SR/GR). All energy is moving through 4D Euclidean space (ES) at the speed c. All four dimensions are distance, and “cosmic time” t is the total distance covered in ES divided by c. Unlike in previous ER models, an observer’s reality is only created by projecting ES orthogonally to his proper 3D space and to his proper flow of time. The Lorentz factor and gravitational time dilation are recovered in ER. So, ER predicts the same relativistic effects as SR and GR. Yet ER outperforms SR in solving time’s arrow and the c² in mc². ER also outperforms a GR-based cosmology in explaining the data from high-redshift supernovae while declaring cosmic inflation, expansion of space, dark energy, and quantum gravity redundant. ER even improves our understanding of QM: It solves the wave–particle duality and quantum entanglement while declaring non-locality redundant. I conclude: The true pillars of physics are ER and QM.

special relativity; general relativity; cosmology; Hubble diagram; quantum mechanics

Physical Sciences, Theoretical Physics

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