Abstract: The quantum Mpemba effect (QME) describes the counterintuitive phenomenon where a system initially further from equilibrium relaxes faster than one closer to it. Specifically, the QME associated with symmetry restoration has been extensively investigated across integrable, ergodic, and disordered localized systems. However, its fate in disorder-free ergodicity-breaking settings, such as the Stark many-body localized (Stark-MBL) phase, remains an open question. Here, we explore the dynamics of local U(1) symmetry restoration in a Stark-MBL XXZ spin- 1/2 chain, using the Rényi-2 entanglement asymmetry (EA) as a probe. Using an analytical operator-string expansion supported by numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the QME transitions from an initial-state-dependent anomaly in the ergodic phase to a universal feature in the Stark-MBL regime. Moreover, the Mpemba time scales exponentially with the subsystem size even in the absence of global transport, governed by high-order off-resonant processes. We attribute this robust inversion to a Stark-induced hierarchy of relaxation channels that fundamentally constrains the effective Hilbert space dimension. The findings pave the way for utilizing tunable potentials to engineer and control anomalous relaxation timescales in quantum technologies without reliance on quenched disorder.

Abstract: We present a unified and rigorous resolution of the Kakeya conjecture across all dimensions using a novel geometric algebra framework. By extending classical 2D and 3D formulations to general ℝⁿ, we construct directional sweep configurations governed by self-similar fractal structures embedded within Clifford (geometric) algebra. Through this framework, we derive explicit lower bounds for the minimal measure of Kakeya sets in ℝⁿ and prove that these bounds are precisely captured by the Riemann zeta function ζ(n − 1). We show that the directional integral over unit sphere rotations, framed through the spectral partition function, yields closed-form volume expressions analogous to those found in quantum statistical mechanics. The results validate not only the non-zero volume of Kakeya sets in all dimensions, but also rigorously establish the exact minimum volume through spectral and algebraic techniques. Our method offers an elegant and generalizable alternative to existing harmonic analytic and algebraic geometric approaches and opens a new bridge between analysis, number theory, and geometric measure theory.

Abstract: We present a scalar-tensor extension of General Relativity (GR) in which a covariant coherence field Φ is non-minimally coupled to spacetime curvature through a variational action of the form S = R d⁴x √ −g [(1+λΦ)R− ω/2∇μΦ∇μΦ−V (Φ)]/(16πG)+S_m. Variation with respect to the metric yields modified Einstein equations Gμν + Cμν(Φ) = (8πG/c⁴) Tμν, where the coherence tensor C_μν encodes gradients of the scalar field and vanishes identically when Φ → 0, recovering GR exactly. We derive the effective correction to periapsis precession in the weak-field regime and show that it is governed by a single dimensionless combination Ξ = e²(1 − e²)⁻¹ · rg/a, where e is the orbital eccentricity, a the semi-major axis, and r_g = 2GM/c² the gravitational radius. The effective coupling λ_eff is bounded by precision pulsar timing to λ_eff < 1.95, which renders Solar System corrections undetectable at present but predicts corrections of order 10⁻³ for the S2 star orbiting Sagittarius A* — within reach of next-generation interferometric astrometry (GRAVITY+, ELT). The theory constitutes a phenomenological effective framework with a single effective parameter λ_eff , constrained by internal consistency and binary pulsar observations. We outline falsifiable predictions and identify the regimes where screening mechanisms may permit larger deviations, motivating future work on galactic-scale applications.

Abstract: High-Al-content AlGaN microrods represent an effective platform for engineering deep-ultraviolet (DUV) emission. Here, we fabricated AlGaN microrods with varying diameters (2, 3, and 4 μm) via a top-down approach involving inductively coupled plasma dry etching followed by a KOH wet chemical modification. Their crystallographic facets and size-dependent optical properties were systematically investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy, and CL mapping. We found that the KOH treatment selectively forms a-plane-dominated sidewalls on the high-Al-content portion of the microrods, whereas the etch pit bottoms stabilize as m-plane facets. Notably, the CL spectra show that the band-edge emission intensity of the 2-μm microrods is enhanced by a factor of 2.55 compared to the 4-μm structures. CL mapping further unveils the competitive dynamics between radiative recombination within the quantum wells and non-radiative recombination at surface states. These findings pinpoint 2 μm as a critical dimension for maximizing spontaneous emission from these high-Al-content AlGaN microrods.

Abstract: The two most severe cosmological tensions in the Hubble constant \( H_0 \) and the matter clustering amplitude \( S_8 \) have the same relative discrepancy of 8.3%, which suggests that they may have a common origin. Modifications of gravity and exotic dark fields with numerous free parameters introduced in the Einstein field equations often struggle to simultaneously alleviate both tensions; thus, we need to look for a common cause within the standard \( \Lambda \)CDM framework. At the same time, linear perturbation analyses of matter in the expanding \( \Lambda \)CDM universe have always neglected the impact of comoving peculiar velocities \( \mathbf{v} \) (generally thought to be a second-order effect), the same velocities that in physical space cannot be fully accounted for in the observed late-time universe when the cosmic distance ladder is used to determine the local value of \( H_0 \). We have reworked the linear density perturbation equations in the conformal Newtonian gauge (sub-horizon limit) by introducing an additional drag force per unit mass \( -\Gamma(t)\mathbf{v} \) in the Euler equation with \( \Gamma \equiv \gamma(2 H) \), where \( \gamma\ll1 \) is a positive dimensionless constant and \( 2H(t) \) is the time-dependent Hubble friction. We find that a damping parameter of \( \gamma = 0.083 \) is sufficient to resolve the \( S_8 \) tension by suppressing the growth of structure at low redshifts, starting at \( z_\star\simeq 3.5-6.5 \) to achieve \( S_8\simeq 0.78-0.76 \), respectively. Furthermore, we argue that the physical source causing this additional friction (a tidal field generated by nonlinear structures in the late-time universe) is also responsible for a systematic error in the local determinations of \( H_0 \): the inability to subtract peculiar tidal velocities along the lines of sight when determining the Hubble flow via the cosmic distance ladder. Finally, the dual action of the tidal field on the expanding background—reducing both the matter and the dark-energy sources of the squared Hubble rate \( H^2 \), thereby holding back the cosmic acceleration \( \ddot a \)—is of fundamental importance in resolving cosmological tensions and can also substantially alleviate the density coincidence problem.

Abstract: Elementary particles exhibit intrinsic phase recurrences, so each can serve as a reference clock. From this perspective, Rovelli's ``timeless'' viewpoint is best read not as denying time, but as denying the fundamentality of any preferred external time coordinate: time persists as internal cyclic variables carried by particles, covariantly modulated by energy exchange and relativistic transformations. Macroscopic flow arises from records and thermodynamic coarse-graining. Intrinsic temporal periodicity, supported by theoretical and phenomenological results published in previous works, constitutes the fundamental principle at the base of Elementary Cycles Theory, which may be regarded as a minimal, purely four-dimensional string-like framework.

Abstract: We present a theoretical framework in which the interference pattern of the double-slit experiment emerges from a variational principle defined on an informational manifold rather than from postulated wave–particle duality. Within the Viscous Time Theory (VTT) framework, physical systems are described by identity-preserving trajectories that minimize an informational latency functional. The competition between two permissible trajectories under finite latency produces a coherent term analogous to an interference phase, without assuming a physical wave or pre-existing superposition. The resulting probability distribution reduces to the standard double-slit formula in the limit of uniform latency and recovers the disappearance of interference under which-way detection as a breakdown of coherent identity. The model introduces a gradient of informational awareness that predicts a localized collapse event associated with a tensor activation reflecting the transition to a single-path regime. We propose an experimental protocol combining single-photon interference with EEG recordings to test whether early variations in the awareness gradient correlate with the collapse of coherence. We further report a model-based validation using a synchronized double-slit and EEG-inspired signal protocol, in which analytically constructed waveforms—consistent with published spectral properties—are used to illustrate threshold-driven collapse behavior, finite-time collapse dynamics, and improved predictive performance of the VTT model compared to standard decoherence-based descriptions. The framework thus provides a testable and experimentally supported informational interpretation of quantum interference, suggesting that wave–particle transitions correspond to a reorganization of identity in viscous informational time rather than a change in physical ontology.

Abstract: This paper presents a conducting channel model aimed at elucidating the generation of high-energy particles within a plasma chamber. Initially, the chamber is charged with neutral hydrogen gas at a density of approximately ~3.3×10²²/m³, equivalent to 1 torr at 300K under ideal gas conditions. A Townsend discharge (dark discharge), driven by an externally imposed electric potential (500-1000V) across the cathode and anode, is utilized to induce partial ionization of the hydrogen gas. Once a stable conducting channel with a high conductivity is established, a low electric potential (e.g., 100V-500V) is introduced to sustain the current in the conducting channel. Our investigation then delves into the impact of a high electron emissivity cathode, such as lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) during an arc discharge. We develop a theoretical model of the conducting channel that may emerge under these conditions. As the cathode surface undergoes heating, emitted thermionic electrons form a localized layer of negative charge density, leading to an electric potential dip. Our multi-fluid simulations unveil the emergence of electron-ion two-stream instability owing to the high-density electron layer, leading to the appearance of multiple potential peaks and dips, each measuring several to tens of kV. We delineate a set of conditions conducive to the formation of these potential peaks and dips within the conducting channel. Our proposed scenario furnishes a framework for elucidating electron and ion acceleration within a weakly ionized plasma chamber.

Abstract: Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are luminous thermonuclear transients whose peak luminosities can be standardized, enabling measurements of luminosity distance over cosmological redshifts and an empirical Hubble diagram of distance modulus versus redshift that constrains the distance–redshift relation. Direct empirical tests in which redshift-dependent scalings of fundamental constants are applied to SN Ia distances remain scarce relative to fixed-constant interpretations. The aim is to determine whether a one-parameter unified-flow scaling of the distance scale can reproduce the Pantheon+SH0ES SN Ia Hubble diagram without introducing an explicit dark-energy term, and to quantify the resulting constraint on the scaling exponent. The model treats redshift evolution as a single coherent scaling that links the effective gravitational coupling and the light-propagation scale in a reciprocal manner, yielding an analytic luminosity-distance prediction under a matter-closure expansion law. The scaling exponent is estimated from Pantheon+SH0ES (1701 SNe Ia spanning redshifts 0.00122 to 2.26137) using the full statistical and systematic covariance matrix and an exact analytic profiling of the distance-modulus offset. The best fit is an exponent of negative 0.4975 (68% profile interval from negative 0.5165 to negative 0.4785) with a minimum chi-squared of 1751.82 for 1699 degrees of freedom; the fixed-constants matter-only baseline is disfavored by a chi-squared difference of 640.20, while a supernova-only flat Lambda CDM benchmark gives a matter density parameter of 0.3612 with an uncertainty of 0.0187 and a minimum chi-squared of 1752.51. After profiling the distance-modulus offset, the unified-flow and Lambda CDM distance laws differ by about 0.259 magnitudes at redshift 2.26137 and separate further at higher redshift. These results provide an empirically constrained, covariance-respecting phenomenological distance law consistent with current SN Ia distances and yield a falsifiable prediction for future higher-redshift standard candles or standard sirens.

Abstract: We propose a thermodynamic variational framework in which quantum mechanics, classical dynamics, and gravitation emerge as equilibrium regimes of a single free-energy functional defined on probability distributions rather than on trajectories, wavefunctions, or spacetime metrics. The functional balances Fisher information, potential energy, and Shannon entropy, encoding an exploration–exploitation trade-off uniquely fixed by information-theoretic considerations. Matching the Fisher term to the quantum kinetic energy fixes its coefficient without free parameters. Extremization of the functional yields the continuity equation and the quantum Hamilton–Jacobi equation, and thus reproduces the Schrödinger equation as a thermodynamic equilibrium condition. At mesoscopic scales, competition between Fisher information and entropy introduces a characteristic quantum–classical crossover length that provides a thermodynamic perspective on decoherence. Measurement is interpreted as an irreversible thermodynamic transition, with energetic costs bounded by Landauer's principle. In the macroscopic regime, we show that requiring thermodynamic stability and local boundary response selects area-law entropy scaling as the leading contribution under stated assumptions. Given an area-law entropy, standard local arguments recover Einstein's field equations. The framework yields falsifiable predictions across quantum, mesoscopic, and gravitational regimes.

Abstract: We discuss gravitational concepts and candidate specifications for dark matter that, together, can help explain known ratios of dark-matter effects to ordinary-matter effects and can help explain eras in the rate of expansion of the universe. The ratios pertain to galaxies and galaxy evolution, galaxy clusters, and densities of the universe. The candidate specifications for dark matter reuse, with variations, a set of known elementary particles. Regarding galaxy evolution and the rate of expansion of the universe, we deploy multipole-expansion methods that combine Newtonian gravity, aspects of motions of sub-objects of gravitationally interacting objects, and Lorentz invariance. One outgrowth from our work suggests relationships among some physics constants. Another outgrowth from our work suggests a basis for a candidate specification for quantum gravity.

Abstract: We propose a phenomenological model in which the vacuum energy relevant for black hole interiors is bounded by QCD-scale physics and by thermal effects. In this framework, vacuum fluctuations are effectively limited between a hadronic upper scale and a lower, thermally controlled scale. We explore how such a QCDbounded vacuum structure can modify the interior region of black holes, leading to non-singular cores while preserving standard general relativity in the exterior. The analysis is qualitative in nature and does not rely on a full underlying quantum field theoretic derivation. Instead, it aims to capture the main physical ingredients that may connect hadronic physics, vacuum structure and black hole geometry. We discuss the conditions under which singularities can be avoided, and we outline possible implications for the relation between black hole interiors and the cosmological vacuum energy. The model is intended as a conceptual framework that can be further tested and refined in more complete theoretical settings.

Abstract: This research answers the knowledge gap regarding the explanation of the quantum jump of the electron. This scientific paper aims to complete Einstein’s research regarding general relativity and attempt to link general relativity to quantum laws.

Abstract: We propose a unified theoretical framework for observed redshift phenomena in astrophysics, in which gravitational and cosmological contributions arise from distinct but coexisting physical mechanisms. In this model, the gravitational field itself carries an effective mass, leading to a nontrivial field–mass structure that naturally identifies halo mass with the gravitational field mass outside baryonic sources. Independently, a cosmological redshift mechanism is derived from a relativistic quantum treatment of coherent photon propagation through an effective medium, resulting in a nonlinear closed-form energy-loss law characterized by a single effective parameter with units of Hubble’s constant. Through the definition of redshift, these two mechanisms combine multiplicatively, yielding a mathematically consistent total-redshift expression. The framework provides a unified mapping between distance and redshift for both galaxies and quasars without assuming a single dominant redshift cause. The model is constructed from explicit assumptions grounded in relativistic field dynamics and quantum coherence, and its internal consistency is demonstrated through analytic solutions and calibrated examples. Although parameter calibration is used for illustration, it does not constitute empirical validation; the focus is on formal structure, logical coherence, and theoretical plausibility. The proposed framework serves as a basis for future observational tests and theoretical refinement, illustrating how alternative physical interpretations of redshift can be formulated within a consistent relativistic setting.

Abstract: Abstract This work presents an extensive investigation on the synthesis, structural characterization, optical evaluation, and device applications of Er-doped and Er-Yb co-doped ZnO thin films prepared via a citric acid-assisted sol-gel process combined with spin coating. Pd/ZnO:Er and (Er/Yb)/n-Si/Au-Sb Schottky barrier diodes were fabricated using resistive evaporation technique for precise contact deposition. The impact of Er and Er-Yb codoping on structural, optical, and electrical properties, as well as device performance was compared in detail, providing insights into rare-earth codoping strategies for high-performance optoelectronic devices. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the retention of the hexagonal wurtzite structure in all films, with minor shifts in peak positions indicating successful doping. Optical characterization revealed a slight widening of the bandgap in co-doped films, attributed to the dopant effect. Electrical measurements of SBDs demonstrated improved rectification ratios, lower ideality factors, and higher barrier heights in co-doped films compared to undoped Er doped counterparts. These findings underscore the efficacy of Er/Yb co-doping in modulating the properties of ZnO thin films for advanced optoelectronic applications.

Abstract: Passaggio is a natural physiological phenomenon during vocal register transitions in singing, with its pitch location varying across individuals. Conventional identification methods rely on auditory judgment or voice type classification, which are inaccurate due to individual differences. In this study, a laser doppler vibrometer (LDV) and an acoustic microphone set were used to synchronously measure laryngeal surface vibration and singing voice，in order to systematically investigate singing passaggio behavior. The data indicate a stable fundamental frequency correspondence between the laryngeal vibration signal and the acoustic signal, which supports the use of amplitude ratios of low-order harmonic peaks in the laryngeal vibration spectrum as relative indicators of structural changes in laryngeal vibration. The result shows that male and female singers exhibit distinct patterns of structural change in laryngeal vibration during passaggio, while consistent patterns are observed within the same sex. For individuals, clear structural transitions in laryngeal vibration are observed at the pitch of passaggio, providing a basis for accurate identification of individual singing passaggio.

Abstract: The Stueckelberg wave equation is solved for unitary solutions, which links the eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian directly to the oscillation frequency. As it has been showed previously that this PDE relates to the Dirac operator, and on the other hand it is a linearized Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman PDE, from which the Schrödinger equation can be deduced in a nonrelativistic limit, it is clear that it is the key equation in relativistic quantum mechanics. We give a stationary solution for the quantum telegraph equation and a Bayesian interpretation for the measurement problem. The stationary solution is understood as a maximum entropy prior distribution and measurement is understood as Bayesian update. We discuss the interpretation of the single electron experiments in the light of finite speed propagation of the transition probability field and how it relates the interpretation of quantum mechanics more broadly.

Abstract: Resonant transfer and excitation (RTE) is a correlated two-electron process mediated by the two-center electron-electron interaction: A projectile electron is excited while a target electron is captured, forming doubly excited states. These decay via X-ray (RTEX) or Auger (RTEA) emission. For fast enough collisions with light targets, RTE becomes analogous to dielectronic capture (DC)—a key plasma process—and is described by the impulse approximation (IA). Early (1983–1992) RTEX and the more stringent, state-selective RTEA measurements at accelerator facilities provided indirectly, essential DC cross section information before direct electron-ion DC measurements became available. The 1992 review [1], focusing on zero-degree Auger projectile spectroscopy (ZAPS) of state-selective KLL D states, validated the IA for low-Z_p ions (Z_p ≤ 9). However, a puzzling systematic discrepancy was revealed: IA cross sections were consistently larger than experiment, with the disagreement increasing as projectile atomic number Z_p decreased. This review updates RTEA progress since 1992: Refinements to IA calculations include the use of more accurate Auger rates, considerations of Auger anisotropic emission, novel target binding corrections and even an exact IA formulation. Experimental ZAPS improvements feature a hemispherical spectrograph and a proven in situ more accurate standardized absolute cross section calibration using binary encounter electrons. A methodical analysis demonstrates impressive agreement across all measurements spanning both pre- and post-1992 eras including measurements presented here for the first time, eliminating systematic discrepancies. IA validity is confirmed down to boron ions, with He⁺ ions as the sole clear exception together with some borderline Li-like ion cases. Recently, a rigorous ion-atom collision treatment has also emerged: Nonperturbative close-coupling calculations of transfer excitation of He-like ions in collisions with He confirms RTE dominance via two-center electron-electron interactions at large impact parameters, while providing unexpected insights into many-body collision dynamics at the lowest collision energies.

Abstract: This paper critiques the established loss of simultaneity in special relativity which comes from Minkowski spacetime, and proposes a return to simultaneity through Lorentz transformation. Einstein's original thought experiment with a train (observer M’), an embankment (observer M) and lightning is shown, at first, to be inadequate for a test on simultaneity, and a new scenario is proposed. The new scenario posits that both observers M and M’ should be in the middle when the waves arrive (when waves leave is the original scenario). Despite time dilation and length contraction, simultaneity can be observed, suggesting that motion does not preclude simultaneity. But there is more; by using Lorentz invariance (therefore pure calculation), the conclusion of simultaneity will be reached with both the original and the new scenarios for both observers. This paper argues that Minkowski's oblique coordinates are probably unnecessary. Lorentz transformation maintains a consistent scale between observers, suggesting a shared background that supports simultaneity.

Abstract: We present a classical theoretical framework in which combinatorial optimization emerges from nonlinear relaxation of coupled real-valued phase fields governed by a global Lyapunov energy functional. Each computational element (CF-bit) evolves in a bistable periodic potential while pairwise interactions encode problem-specific couplings, enabling gradient-descent minimization of QUBO and Ising objective functions. The key contribution is an explicit global energy functional from which all dynamics are derived, guaranteeing monotonic energy descent under damping. This distinguishes the approach from existing oscillator-based Ising machines where no closed-form Lyapunov functional exists. Numerical simulations on instances up to 20 bits demonstrate deterministic phase-locking convergence, with optional transient noise improving exploration of rugged landscapes. While limited in scale and not overcoming NP-hardness, this work provides a conceptual framework showing how discrete optimization can emerge from continuous classical dynamics with mathematically transparent energy structure.