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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1198.v1

Autopsy Proven Fatal COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Myocarditis

Nicolas Hulscher, Roger Hodkinson, William Makis, Peter McCullough

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: myocarditis; sudden death; chest pain; autopsy; necropsy; COVID-19; COVID-19 vaccines; mRNA; SARS-CoV-2 vaccination; death; excess mortality; spike protein; organ system

Online: 18 July 2023 (09:34:51 CEST)

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Background: COVID-19 vaccines have been linked to myocarditis which in some circumstances can be fatal. This systematic review aims to investigate potential causal links between COVID-19 vaccines and death from myocarditis using post-mortem analysis. Methods: We performed a systematic review of all published autopsy reports involving COVID-19 vaccination-related myocarditis through July 3^rd, 2023. All autopsy studies that include COVID-19 vaccine-induced myocarditis as a possible cause of death were included, without imposing any additional restrictions. Causality in each case was determined by three independent reviewers with cardiac pathology experience and expertise. Results: We initially identified 1,691 studies and, after screening for our inclusion criteria, included 14 papers that contained 28 autopsy cases. The cardiovascular system was the only organ system affected in 26 cases. In 2 cases, myocarditis was characterized as a consequence from multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS). The mean and median number of days from last COVID-19 vaccination until death was 6.2 and 3 days, respectively. Most of the deaths occurred within a week from the last injection. We established that all 28 deaths were causally linked to COVID-19 vaccination by independent adjudication. Conclusions: The temporal relationship, internal and external consistency seen among cases in this review with known COVID-19 vaccine-induced myocarditis, its pathobiological mechanisms and related excess death, complemented with autopsy confirmation, independent adjudication, and application of the Bradford Hill criteria to the overall epidemiology of vaccine myocarditis, suggests there is a high likelihood of a causal link between COVID-19 vaccines and death from suspected myocarditis in cases where sudden, unexpected death has occurred in a vaccinated person. Urgent investigation is required for the purpose of risk stratification and mitigation in order to reduce the population occurrence of fatal COVID-19 vaccine-induced myocarditis.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0148.v1

GPT-4 Can't Reason

Konstantine Arkoudas

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Keywords: GPT-4; LLM; AI; reasoning; inference

Online: 2 August 2023 (04:10:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0127.v1

Effective English Reading Strategies: English Language Learners’ Perceptions

Waheeb S Albiladi

Subject: Social Sciences, Language And Linguistics Keywords: ESL Reading; ELLs; reading strategies; reading aloud; silent reading

Online: 10 December 2019 (06:45:51 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201607.0093.v1

A Study about Non-Volatile Memories

DILEEP KUMAR

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Information Systems Keywords: Non-volatile Memories; NAND Flash Memories; Storage Memories

Online: 29 July 2016 (13:40:38 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0346.v1

The Molecular Story of COVID-19; NAD⁺Depletion Addresses All Questions in this Infection

Shirin Kouhpayeh, Laleh Shariati, Maryam Boshtam, Ilnaz Rahimmanesh, Mina Mirian, Mehrdad Zeinalian, Azhar Salari-jazi, Negar Khanahmad, Mohammad Sadegh Damavandi, Parisa Sadeghi, Hossein Khanahmad

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: COVID-19; nCoV 19; oxidative stress; PARP; PARG; TRPM2

Online: 23 March 2020 (07:40:50 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201711.0081.v1

Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Marfan Syndrome

Nashiz Inayet, Jamal Hayat, Andrew Poullis, Maite Tome, Ann Child

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Gastroenterology And Hepatology Keywords: Marfan; connective tissue disease; irritable bowel syndrome; hernia

Online: 14 November 2017 (04:08:45 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0130.v1

The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Academic Performance of Veterinary Medical Students

Mohamed Mahdy

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: Academic performance; COVID-19; veterinary; online learning

Online: 11 June 2020 (09:55:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0148.v1

Effect of COVID-19 on the Indian Economy and Supply Chain

Shruti Agrawal, Anbesh Jamwal, Sumit Gupta

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Economics Keywords: Covid-19; Indian economy; supply chain; manufacturing industries; barriers

Online: 9 May 2020 (10:01:56 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0242.v2

Potential Therapeutic Agents for COVID-19 Based on the Analysis of Protease and RNA Polymerase Docking

Yu-Chuan Chang, Yi-An Tung, Ko-Han Lee, Ting-Fu Chen, Yu-Chun Hsiao, Hung-Ching Chang, Tsung-Ting Hsieh, Chan-Hung Su, Su-Shia Wang, Jheng-Ying Yu, Shang-shung Shih, Yu-Hsiang Lin, Yin-Hung Lin, Yi-Chin Ethan Tu, Chun-Hua Hsu, Hsueh-Fen Juan, Chun-Wei Tung, Chien-Yu Chen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: COVID-19; molecular docking; HIV protease inhibitor; nucleotide analogues

Online: 29 February 2020 (12:43:40 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0365.v1

Traditional Communication Media in Rural Information Service Delivery to Adolescents of Selected Communities in OBIO/AKPOR Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria

Chidi Kalu, Ijeoma Okidi, Amanze Unagha, Esther Chidi-Kalu

Subject: Social Sciences, Library And Information Sciences Keywords: Traditional; Communication; Media; Rural; Information Service Delivery; Adolescent

Online: 19 July 2018 (15:25:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0072.v1

Constructivism Theory: The Factors Affecting Students’ Academic Performance in Higher Education

ALI Mugahed Al-Rahmi

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Algebra And Number Theory Keywords: constructivism theory; social media; educational quality; students’ academic performance; engagement

Online: 2 December 2020 (15:39:28 CET)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0132.v1

Genomic Evidence of a Sars-Cov-2 Reinfection Case With E484K Spike Mutation in Brazil

Carolina Kymie Vasques Nonaka, Marília Miranda Franco, Tiago Gräf, Ana Verena Almeida Mendes, Renato Santana de Aguiar, Marta Giovanetti, Bruno Solano de Freitas Souza

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; reinfection; E484K

Online: 6 January 2021 (20:38:36 CET)

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Working Paper COMMUNICATION

Evidence That Quinine Exhibits Antiviral Activity against SARS-CoV-2 Infection In Vitro

Maximilian Große, Natalia Ruetalo, Ramona Businger, Sascha Rheber, Christian Setz, Pia Rauch, Janina Auth, Ekkehard Brysch, Michael Schindler, Ulrich Schubert

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Quinine; Hydroxy-Chloroquine; Chloroquine; COVID-19; antiviral

Online: 6 July 2020 (09:19:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201711.0151.v1

Psychosocial Factors Influencing Substance Abuse among Undergraduates

Bukunmi O. Adewumi

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: psychopharmacology; mental health; addiction; biopsychology

Online: 23 November 2017 (08:51:06 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0309.v1

Acoustic Design of a Classical Concert Hall and Evaluation of its Acoustic Performance – A Case Study

Kwangbok Jeong, Taehoon Hong, Sung Hoon Kim, Jimin Kim, Sangyoub Lee

Subject: Engineering, Architecture, Building And Construction Keywords: Acoustic design; Reverberation time; Clarity; Lateral fraction; Acoustic measurements; Classical concert hall

Online: 22 May 2018 (13:49:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201906.0131.v1

New Design of Phase-Shifted Full-Bridge Power Converter for Photovoltaic Application

Wasan Phetphimoon, Krischonme Bhumkittipich

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: phase-shifted full-bridge; resonant converter; photovoltaics; zero voltage switching; power loss

Online: 14 June 2019 (10:01:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0271.v1

Fitness in Evolutionary Biology

Thomas F. Hansen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Fitness, Natural selection

Online: 20 April 2018 (14:51:02 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0763.v1

Overview of Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) Recent Advancement from Fundamentals to Applications: MFC Designs, Major Elements, and Scalability

Sami G. A. Flimban, Taeyoung Kim, Iqbal Mohammad Ibrahim Ismail, Sang-Eun Oh

Subject: Engineering, Energy And Fuel Technology Keywords: Microbial fuel cell (MFC); fuel cell elements; design; energy generation; Scaling up; configuration

Online: 2 November 2018 (10:04:38 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0359.v1

Factors Affecting Customer Satisfaction & Loyalty in Online Food Delivery Service during COVID-19 Pandemic in a Developing Country: An Extended Theory of Planned Behavior

Yogi Tri Prasetyo, Hans Tanto, Martinus Mariyanto, Christopher Hanjaya, Satria Fadil Persada, Bobby Ardiansyah Miraja, A.A.N. Perwira Redi

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: food delivery; customer satisfaction; new normal; COVID-19; theory of planned behavior

Online: 17 February 2021 (09:56:40 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0231.v1

Solar Powered Automatic Pattern Design Grass Cutting Robot System Using Arduino

Dost Muhammad Khan, Zain Mumtaz, Majid Saleem, Zeeshan Ilyas, Qinglu Ma, Sahrish Ghaffar, Saleem ullah

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Robotics Keywords: Android; arduino; bluetooth; grass cutter; sensors; speech recognition

Online: 20 October 2019 (02:03:44 CEST)

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We present an Arduino-based automatic robotic system which is used for cutting grass or lawns, mostly healthy grass which needs to cut neatly like in a public park or a private garden. The purpose of this proposed project is to design a programmable automatic pattern design grass cutting robot with solar power which no longer requires time-consuming manual grass-cutting, and that can be operated wirelessly using an Android Smartphone via Bluetooth from a safe distance which is capable of cutting the grass in indeed required shapes and patterns; the cutting blade can also be adjusted to maintain the different length of the grass. The main focus was to design a prototype that can work with a little or no Physical user interaction. The proposed work is accomplished by using an Arduino microcontroller, DC geared Motors, IR obstacle detection sensor, motor shield, relay module, DC battery, solar panel, and Bluetooth module. The grass-cutting robot system can be moved to the location in the lawn remotely where the user wants to cut the grass directly or in desired patterns. The user can press the desired pattern button from the mobile application, and the system will start cutting grass in the similar design such as a circle, spiral, rectangle, and continue pattern. Also, with the assistance of sensors positioned at the front of the vehicle, an automatic barrier detection system is introduced to enhance safety measurements to prevent any risks. IR obstacle detector sensors are used to detect obstacles, if any obstacle is found in front of the robot while traveling; it avoids the barrier by taking a right/right turn or stop automatically appropriately, thereby preventing the collision. Also, the main aim of this project is the formation of a grass cutter that relieves the user from mowing their own grasses and reduces environmental and noise pollution. The proposed system is designed as a lab-scale prototype to experimentally validate the efﬁciency, accuracy, and affordability of the systems. The experimental results prove that the proposed work has all in one capability (Simple and Pattern based grass cutting with mobile-application, obstacle detection), is very easy to use, and can be easily assembled in a simple hardware circuit. We note that the systems proposed can be implemented on a large scale under real conditions in the future, which will be useful in robotics applications and cutting grass in playing grounds such as cricket, football, and hockey, etc.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201607.0082.v1

Impact of Christianity on African Women in Buchi Emecheta’s Novels

Longjam Bedana, Sangeeta Laishram, Moirangthem Priyobrata Singh

Subject: Arts And Humanities, Humanities Keywords: Africa, African women, Christianity, Igbo society, patriarchy, post-colonialism, feminism, womanism

Online: 27 July 2016 (04:18:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201701.0069.v1

Environmental Impacts of Mining of Mineral Resources

Vladimír Lapčík, Andrea Kaločajová, Petr Novák

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: mining; non-energy mineral resources; environmental impact assessment

Online: 13 January 2017 (10:56:46 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0236.v1

Noise Pollution and Control in Wood Mechanical Processing Wood Industries

Mayowa Jacob Owoyemi, Babajide Falemara, Ayomide Joseph Owoyemi

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: noise pollution; mechanical wood industries; equipment; control

Online: 31 August 2016 (09:03:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0131.v1

Forensic Analysis of the 38 Subject Deaths in the 6-Month Interim Report of the Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine Clinical Trial

Corinne Michels, Daniel Perrier, Jeyanthi Kunadhasan, Ed Clark, Joseph Gehrett, Barbara Gehrett, Kim Kwiatek, Sarah Adams, Robert Chandler, Leah Stagno, Tony Damian, Erika Delph, Chris Flowers

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: BNT162b2 vaccine; Pfizer/BioNTech; cardiovascular events; COVID-19

Online: 4 September 2023 (08:19:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0598.v1

Some Second-Order Tensor Calculus Identities and Applications in Continuum Mechanics

Bohua Sun

Subject: Physical Sciences, Mathematical Physics Keywords: tensor; gradient; divergence; curl; elasto-plastic deformation

Online: 27 November 2018 (04:00:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0106.v1

Parental Influence on Students’ Academic Performance - A Case Study of Debre Berhan General Secondary School students, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia

Wegayehu Enbeyle, Gebremedhin Desta, Digvijay Pandey

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Probability And Statistics Keywords: Academic performance; Involvement of Parents; Debre Berhan General Secondary School; Ethiopia

Online: 7 June 2020 (16:16:44 CEST)

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Education plays an essential role in the acquisition of knowledge and skills. School is the place where children’ attitudes, interests, and habits are developed. More involved and supportive a parent is towards their adolescent the higher self-esteem they will gain allowing the adolescent to feel confident and focused during school. Parents therefore enroll their children in schools that can give them expected quality of lives. The main core objective for this study was to determine the parental influence on students’ academic performance - A case study of Debre Berhan General Secondary School. A total of 118 students were included in the present study using simple random sampling technique from the total students (2367). Cross-sectional design was appropriate for this study. Primary source of data was employed collected from students. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied. For statistical analysis SPSS 20 was used at 5% level of signiﬁcance. Descriptive statistics results indicate that the average mark of students was with minimum and maximum value of 47 and 94 respectively. Multiple regression models showed that Income level, Rate of money given to satisfy basic and educational materials, Parent’s occupation, Family size, Parent’s educational level, and Parent’s way of giving motivation were found to be a significant effect on academic performance of students at 5% level of significance at study area. However, sex of students, age of students and grade level of students were not found to be significant effect to academic performance at study area. Overall model is statistically significance for the data. All the assumption of regression analysis was satisfied. Normality, Constant variance, absence of multicolinearity, linearity and absence of autocorrelation were satisfied due to formal tests and diagnostic plots. Study recommended the need for programs related to improvement of mother and father education for caring child in appropriate success of their education and also parents should allocate time to visit schools and establish good relationship and discussion about their children’s academic progress in according to way of motivation to learn actively in school.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0516.v1

Comparative Analysis of C++ and Python in Terms of Memory and Time

Farzeen Zehra, Maha Javed, Darakhshan Khan, Maria Pasha

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Algebra And Number Theory Keywords: benefits; c++; comparative study; execution speed; memory management; python

Online: 21 December 2020 (11:57:01 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0478.v1

Students’ Perception towards COVID-19 Vaccination Program in Bangladesh: A Study on University Students

Bikram Biswas, Mohammad Nur Ullah, Sajib Kumar Roy, Falguni Roy

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Perception, Covid-19, Vaccination, University Students, Bangladesh

Online: 19 April 2021 (12:27:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0035.v1

Mapping and Navigation for Indoor Robots under ROS: An Experimental Analysis

Bruno M. F. da Silva, Rodrigo S. Xavier, Luiz M. G. Gonçalves

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Robotics Keywords: ROS; SLAM; RGB-D sensors; experimental analysis

Online: 2 July 2019 (08:43:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201707.0084.v1

Role of MOSFETs Transconductance Parameters and Threshold Voltage in CMOS Inverter Behavior in DC Mode

Milaim Zabeli, Nebi Caka, Myzafere Limani, Qamil Kabashi

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: CMOS inverter; NMOS transistor; PMOS transistor; voltage transfer characteristic (VTC), threshold voltage; voltage critical value; noise margins; NMOS transconductance parameter; PMOS transconductance parameter

Online: 28 July 2017 (12:44:55 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0096.v1

Machine Learning Models for Sales Time Series Forecasting

Bohdan M. Pavlyshenko

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Information Systems Keywords: machine learning; stacking; forecasting; regression; sales; time series

Online: 5 November 2018 (09:54:54 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0125.v1

The European Insurance Industry: A PEST analysis

Charmaine Barbara, Dominic Cortis, Roberta Perotti, Claudia Sammut, Antoine Vella

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Finance Keywords: Insurance; PEST; political; risks; challenges; economy; European Union

Online: 16 May 2017 (17:01:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0291.v1

The Design of Space Based on Architectural Geometry

Wasilah Wasilah, Andi Hildayanti, Hamzah Hamzah

Subject: Engineering, Energy And Fuel Technology Keywords: expressional space; geometry architecture; mural; skateboard; landscape; pure geometry; composition of geometry; direction wall; opening; space form

Online: 23 April 2018 (12:03:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0300.v1

Detection of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Based on Deep Features

Prabira Kumar Sethy, Santi Kumari Behera

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: coronavirus; COVID-19; diagnosis; deep features; SVM

Online: 19 March 2020 (13:49:49 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201708.0070.v1

Stretch-Shortening Cycle in Countermovement Jump: Exclusive Review of Force-Time Curve Variables in Eccentric and Concentric Phases

Mahdi Cheraghi, Javad Sarvestan, Masoud Sebyani, Elham Shirzad

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy And Rehabilitation Keywords: stretch-shortening cycle; countermovement jump; force-time curve variables; eccentric; concentric; volleyball

Online: 21 August 2017 (09:08:50 CEST)

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Working Paper REVIEW

Effective Human Resource Management In Project Management

Mehreen Sirshar, Rabbia Liaqat, Sadaf Siddique

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Human Resources And Organizations Keywords: HRM; NPD; GHRDM; Guest Satisfaction Index

Online: 9 December 2019 (07:42:25 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0187.v1

Salts of Therapeutic Agents: Chemical, Physicochemical and Biological Considerations

Deepak Gupta, Deepak Bhatia, Vivek Dave, Vijaykumar Sutariya, Sheeba Varghese Gupta

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Other Keywords: chemistry; salt; water solubility; routes of administration; physicochemical; stability; degradation

Online: 16 April 2018 (05:29:24 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0226.v1

Transgender Women in The Female Category of Sport: Is the Male Performance Advantage Removed by Testosterone Suppression?

Emma N. Hilton, Tommy R. Lundberg

Subject: Social Sciences, Tourism, Leisure, Sport And Hospitality Keywords: androgens; athletic performance; cross-hormone therapy; gender dysphoria; muscle; sex hormones; sporting policies; strength; transgender men; transgender women

Online: 13 May 2020 (11:25:23 CEST)

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Sex dimorphism starts during early embryogenesis and is further manifested in response to hormones during puberty. As this leads to physical divergence that is measurably different between sexes, males enjoy physical performance advantages over females within competitive sport. While this advantage is the underlying basis of the segregation into male and female sporting categories, these sex-based categories do not account for transgender persons who experience incongruence between their biological sex and their experienced gender identity. Accordingly, the International Olympic Committee determined criteria by which a transgender woman may be eligible to compete in the female category, requiring total serum testosterone levels to be suppressed below 10 nmol/L for at least 12 months prior to and during competition. Whether this regulation removes the male performance advantage has not been collectively scrutinized. Here, we aim to review how differences in biological characteristics between biological males and females affect sporting performance and assess whether evidence exists to support the assumption that testosterone suppression in transgender women removes the male performance advantage. In this review, we report that the performance gap between males and females amounts to 10-50% depending on sport. The performance gap is more pronounced in sporting activities relying on muscle mass and strength, particularly in the upper body. Longitudinal studies examining the effects of testosterone suppression on muscle mass and strength in transgender women consistently show very modest changes, where the loss of lean body mass, muscle area and strength typically amounts to approximately 5% after 1 year of treatment. Thus, current evidence shows that the biological advantage enjoyed by transgender women is only minimally reduced when testosterone is suppressed. Sports organizations may therefore be compelled to reassess current policies regarding participation of transgender women in the female category of sport.

Working Paper ARTICLE

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) During Pregnancy: A Case Series

Weiyong Liu, Qianli Wang, Qi Zhang, Ling Chen, Junbo Chen, Bo Zhang, Yanjun Lu, Shaoshuai Wang, Liming Xia, Lu Huang, Kai Wang, Lu Liang, Yongli Zhang, Lance Turtle, David Lissauer, Ke Lan, Ling Feng, Hongjie Yu, Yingle Liu, Ziyong Sun

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: pregnancy; neonate; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; vertical transmission

Online: 25 February 2020 (11:38:47 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0397.v1

What are the Impacts of Sugarcane Production on Ecosystem Services? A Review

Daniel EL CHAMI, André DACCACHE, Maroun EL MOUJABBER

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Sugarcane, impacts, ecosystem services, human well-being, agro-systems, sustainability

Online: 27 February 2020 (10:56:50 CET)

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Since the 1950s sugarcane production has grown rapidly from less than 0.5 billion tonnes in the late 50s to reach over 1.9 billion tonnes in 2012 on about 27 million hectares of agricultural land. This expansion has been boosted by the high demand for bioethanol promoted as a sustainable bioenergy source which accounted in 2010 for the biggest share of the global biofuel market. Despite its benefits, the scientific debate on sugar is growing especially that counterarguments are so many, including negative impacts on different interacting ecosystems and human well-being, e.g. bigger stress on land and water resources, environmental externalities on air, a harmful impact on the biodiversity and endemic species, negative environmental externalities, health, and socio-economic aspects. This paper provides a narrative systematic review (SR) of the impacts of sugarcane production on these different ecosystems employing the ecosystem services framework for its acceptance by policy-makers. The references included for the SR were 163 and results showed that the majority of the studies are from Brazil, Australia, South Africa and the USA (≈ 75% of the literature), most of them were from peer-reviewed journals (85%), and most of the case studies adopted a quantitative research approach (93%). The literature assessed showed that sugarcane, like all agro-systems, depends on the practices and techniques to transform negative impacts into positive externalities on ecosystems and human well-being. However, the literature studied failed to include the inter-linkage in sugarcane production impacts’ and therefore to evaluate the related ecosystem services with respect to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) framework to account for existing trade-offs. Therefore, the findings are addressed to the scientific community and decision-maker for an intensification of interdisciplinary and integrated research based on the MA framework to cover all ecosystem services, for sustainable development of the sugarcane sector.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0243.v1

A Study Of Vernacular Architecture And Settlement Of Diasporic ‘Manipuri’ Community In Bangladesh

Kawshik Saha, Shawkat Jahan Chowdhury

Subject: Social Sciences, Anthropology Keywords: Traditional settlement; Vernacular architecture; Manipuri Community; Sylhet

Online: 13 January 2021 (12:13:56 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201609.0012.v2

Assessment of Impediments and Factors Affecting Waste Management: A Case of Accra Metropolis

Clifford James Fagariba, Shaoxian Song

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Waste Management And Disposal Keywords: constraints; factors; household; solid waste management

Online: 9 September 2016 (07:42:15 CEST)

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Solid waste management in Accra is a major challenge to the Metropolitan Authorities and inhabitants. The rapidly increasing population coupled with poor capacity of the municipal and private waste management companies to management waste effectively has created issues of environmental concern. Due to poor waste managements systems, most household dispose waste indiscriminately leading to floods and health issues. The study showed that about 60% of household waste is organic materials which has the potential to be converted to compost for agriculture purpose. Meanwhile plastics and rubbers which litters the environment as well as blocking major storm drains and gutters hence creating huge environmental hazard is made of 11% of the total component of most household waste generated daily. The study also revealed that among the methods of disposing waste, dumping waste in skip containers located at authorized places was the preferred means of disposing waste by household though others also dispose waste by other means such as burying and burning. Inadequate skip containers per population of household in an area coupled with irregularity of tracks picking these containers makes skip containers dumping site ugly scene, hence creating health issues. Among the constraints that impact negatively on sustainable waste management in Accra Metropolis, economic constraints was perceived as the main challenge which affect efficient waste management. Currently the country is going through serious economic challenges so government does not release money timely to fund projects which waste management is key. Most donor partners that use to support the government with funds have either reduced or redrawn their services as they have no confidence in the state of Ghana economy. Aside the constrains, the study also indicated that factors such as poor public attitude towards waste management, poor enforcement of sanitation by-laws, inadequate and untimely release of government funds were also seen as the main factors affecting waste management.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0306.v1

Compared Anatomy and Histology between Mus musculus Mice (Swiss) and Rattus norvegicus Rats (Wistar)

Giorgio Silva-Santana, Fábio Aguiar-Alves, Licínio Esmeraldo Silva, Maria Lúcia Barreto, Jemima Fuentes Ribeiro Silva, Alexia Gonçalves, Ana Luíza Mattos-Guaraldi, Kátia Calvi Lenzi-Almeida

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: anatomy; histology; mice; Mus musculus; rat; Rattus norvegicus

Online: 27 July 2019 (01:19:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201803.0176.v1

The Effects of One-Child Policy on the Economy and the Environment in an OLG Framework

Peter J. Stauvermann, Jin Hu, Ronald Ravinesh Kumar

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Economics Keywords: one-child policy; environment; OLG model; fertility; human capital; child tax

Online: 20 March 2018 (09:09:16 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201908.0203.v1

Advances in Machine Learning Modeling Reviewing Hybrid and Ensemble Methods

Sina Ardabili, Amir Mosavi, Annamária R. Várkonyi-Kóczy

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Keywords: machine learning; deep learning; ensemble models

Online: 20 August 2019 (08:41:28 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0383.v1

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Big Data for Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: A Survey on the State-of-the-Arts

Quoc-Viet Pham, Dinh C. Nguyen, Thien Huynh-The, Won-Joo Hwang, Pubudu N. Pathirana

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Other Keywords: COVID-19; coronavirus pandemic; big data; epidemic outbreak; artificial intelligence (AI); deep learning

Online: 21 April 2020 (09:01:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0111.v1

A Novel Family of Quadrupole-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometers for a Broad Range of Analytical Applications

Jan-Peter Hauschild, Amelia Corinne Peterson, Erik Couzijn, Eduard Denisov, Denis Chernyshev, Christian Hock, Hamish Stewart, Ralf Hartmer, Dmitry Grinfeld, Christian Thoeing, Bastian Reitemeier, Arne Kreutzmann, Oliver Lange, Wilko Balschun, Aivaras Venckus, Sebastian Kanngiesser, Alexander Kholomeev, Gregor Quiring, Frank Czemper, Eloy Wouters, Michael Belford, Mathias Mueller, Jens Grote, Tabiwang N. Arrey, Julia Kraegenbring, Kerstin Strupat, Siegrun Mohring, Catharina Crone, Alexander Harder, Aaron Robitaille, Aaron Gajadhar, Khatereh Motamed, Yang Liu, Daniel Lopez Ferrer, Nicolaie Eugen Damoc, Angela Criscuolo, Kristina Srzentic, Ed George, Charles Yang, Ioanna Ntai, Amanda Souza, Andreas Wieghaus, Alexander Makarov

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Orbitrap mass spectrometry; high resolution; accurate mass

Online: 8 June 2020 (10:17:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0051.v1

Mapping the Spread of COVID-19 Outbreak in India

Vanshika Bidhan, Bhavini Malhotra, Mansi Pandit, Narayanan Latha

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: COVID-19; Data mining; Infection in India; R package; State- wise analysis; Statistical analysis

Online: 5 May 2020 (02:28:26 CEST)

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Background & Objectives: The global pandemic caused by novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has claimed several lives worldwide. With the virus gathering rapid spread, the world has witnessed increasing number of confirmed cases and mortality rate, India is not far behind with approximately 37,000 affected individuals as on May 2, 2020. The ongoing pandemic has raised several questions which need to be answered by analysis of transmission of the infection. The data has been collected on daily basis from WHO and other sites. We have represented the data collated graphically using statistical packages, R and other online softwares. The present study provides a holistic overview of the spread of COVID-19 infection in India. Methods: Real-time data query was done based on daily observations using publicly available data from reference websites for COVID-19 and other government official reports for the period (15^th February, 2020 to April 28^th, 2020). Statistical analysis was performed to draw important inferences regarding COVID-19 trend in India. Results: A decrease in growth rate of cases due to COVID-19 in India post lockdown and improvement in recovery rate during the month of April was identified. The case fatality rate was estimated to be 3.22% of the total reported cases. State-wise analysis revealed a deteriorating situation in states of Maharashtra and Gujarat among others as cases continued to increase rapidly there. A positive linear correlation between the number of deaths and total cases and exponential relation between population density and number of cases reported per square km was established. Interpretation & Conclusions: Despite early preventive measures taken up by the Government of India, the increasing number of cases in India is a concern. This study compiles state-wise and district-wise data to report the daily conﬁrmed cases, case fatalities and strategies adopted in the form of case studies. Understanding the transmission spread of SARS-CoV-2 in a diverse and populated country like India will be crucial in assessing the effectiveness of control policies towards the spread of COVID-19 infection.

Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0422.v1

GPT-4 vs. GPT-3.5: A Concise Showdown

Anis Koubaa

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Keywords: ChatGPT; GPT-4; GPT-3.5; GPT performance; GPT limitations; OpenaAI; NLP

Online: 24 March 2023 (02:23:41 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0217.v1

A Study on OpenFOAM's Overset Mesh Support Using Flow Past NACA 0018 Airfoil

Praveen Laws, Jaskaran Singh Saini, Ajit Kumar

Subject: Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Keywords: OpenFOAM; overset meshing; NACA 0018; high Reynolds number; CFD

Online: 18 July 2019 (11:29:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0630.v1

Cyber Attacks in the Era of COVID-19 and Possible Solution Domains

Isaac Chin Eian, Lim Ka Yong, Majesty Yeap Xiao Li, Yeo Hui Qi, Fatima Z

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Computer Networks And Communications Keywords: Cyber security; cyber attacks; Covid-19; attack vulnerabilities

Online: 26 September 2020 (12:47:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0219.v1

Socio-economic Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Smallholder Livelihoods in Zimbabwe

David Mhlanga, Emmanuel Ndhlovu

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Economics Keywords: COVID-19; livelihoods; smallholders; Zimbabwe

Online: 14 April 2020 (08:50:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201702.0014.v1

Temperature and Precipitation Trend Analysis over the Last 30 Years in Southern Tigray Regional State, Ethiopia

Birhanu Hayelom, Yingjun Chen, Zinabu Marsie, Miseker Negash

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: temperature; precipitation; ethiopia; mann kendall; climate variability

Online: 5 February 2017 (08:56:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0267.v1

Binding Mechanism of Remdesivir to SARS-CoV-2 RNA Dependent RNA Polymerase

Leili Zhang, Ruhong Zhou

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Physical Chemistry Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp); remdesivir; homology model; molecular dynamics; free energy perturbation

Online: 17 March 2020 (04:07:15 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201706.0127.v1

Sex Determining Mechanisms in Bivalves

Sophie Breton, Charlotte Capt, Davide Guerra, Donald Stewart

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: sex determination; exual systems; bivalvia; mitochondria

Online: 30 June 2017 (07:28:18 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Aspects of Sustainable Tourism Development and COVID-19 Pandemic

Md. Anowar Hossain Bhuiyan, Shafiqul Hassan, Md. Abud Darda, Md. Wahidul Habib

Subject: Social Sciences, Tourism, Leisure, Sport And Hospitality Keywords: COVID-19; Economic; Environment; Development; Social; Tourism

Online: 19 August 2020 (17:22:04 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0115.v1

Metal Catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling– Efficient Methodology for Synthesis the Natural and non-Natural biological active Molecules

Hira Israr, Shazia Kaousar, Nasir Rasool, Gulraiz Ahmad, Muhammad Nazirul Mubin Aziz, Muhammad Nadeem Akhtar, Noorjahan Banu Alitheen

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Medicinal Chemistry Keywords: Palladium; Suzuki cross coupling; natural product; non-natural product

Online: 15 May 2017 (18:30:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0544.v1

Peak Week and Competition Day Strategies of Competitive Natural Bodybuilders

Andrew J Chappell , Trevor Simper

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: Bodybuilding; Drug Free; Competing; Peaking; Carbohydrate Loading; Water Loading; Sodium Loading; Fat Loading: Vitamin C; Fibre Restriction

Online: 27 September 2018 (12:58:34 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0007.v1

The Hype and Disruptive Technologies of Industry 4.0 in Major Industrial Sectors: A State of the Art

Ocident Bongomin

Subject: Engineering, Industrial And Manufacturing Engineering Keywords: 3D printing; Agriculture 4.0; Artificial of intelligence; Blockchain; Big Data; Coronavirus; Education 4.0; Energy 4.0; Finance 4.0; Globalization 4.0; Healthcare 4.0; Industry 4.0 technologies; Internet of Things; Learning Factory; Logistic 4.0

Online: 2 June 2020 (15:02:07 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0445.v1

International Tourism and COVID-19: Recovery Strategies for Tourism Organisations

Wadim Strielkowski

Subject: Social Sciences, Geography, Planning And Development Keywords: international tourism; coronavirus; COVID-19; post-viral tourism; recovery strategies

Online: 31 March 2020 (05:00:08 CEST)

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Working Paper REVIEW

Pharmaceutical Waste: Overview, Management, and Impact of Improper Disposal

Milcah Njoki Nyaga, David Muriithi Nyagah, Aldress Njagi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Pharmaceutical waste; Sources; Cost of disposal; Management; Impact; Pharmacists

Online: 12 October 2020 (13:34:54 CEST)

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Introduction: Pharmaceutical products are inevitable for human health. Owing to the growing need for pharmaceuticals, pharmaceutical companies introduce drugs annually into the market in addition to the extensive collection of existing pharmaceutical products. Households, farms, health facilities, and pharmaceutical industries release pharmaceutical waste into the environment at low concentrations through routine pharmaceutical use, damage, and expiry. The effects of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) on non-target species in the environment are not known. Over the years, pharmaceuticals such as diclofenac and ibuprofen in trace amounts have been detected in public water systems, ground and surface water. Unwanted medicines should be safely disposed of at a reduced financial cost to mitigate the public and environmental health risks. Lack of general knowledge of how to dispose of unused pharmaceuticals leads to improper disposal resulting in accidental toxicity, rising healthcare costs, landfills pilfering/scavenging, water supply pollution, anti-microbial resistance, and death. To mitigate such effects, pharmacists should raise public awareness about safe disposal practices. Objective: This review aims to examine the sources of pharmaceutical waste, disposal costs, secure disposal methods, the effects of inappropriate disposal, and the role of pharmacists in the disposal. Method: The information on the stated objectives was gathered from available sources through a comprehensive literature review. Conclusion: Many countries contain tons of pharmaceutical waste that are expensive to destroy. Because of improper disposal, pharmaceutical waste has been found at trace amounts in drinking and surface water. A practical, environmentally sustainable approach to pharmaceutical waste management, with policies and guidelines, and public awareness campaigns, are necessary to address the problem of safe waste disposal. The national drug regulatory bodies should conduct environmental risk assessment resulting from the disposal of unwanted pharmaceuticals. Pharmacists should facilitate extensive training on sustainable drug use and proper pharmaceutical waste disposal at all levels to reduce the risks associated with improper disposal. Reduction of pharmaceutical waste generation at each step of a drug’s lifecycle, implementing takeback options, collection at approved sites, and modern technology to treat wastewater are highly recommended to reduce the effects of unwanted pharmaceuticals on human health and the environment.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0315.v1

Two Things about COVID-19 Might Need Attention

Xiaodong Jia, Chengliang Yin, Shanshan Lu, Yan Chen, Qingyan Liu, Junfan Bai, Yinying Lu

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: COVID-19; adipose tissue; cancer; ACE2

Online: 23 February 2020 (10:30:06 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0491.v1

Ancestor Worshiping Beliefs in the Beliefs and Religion Life of Vietnamese People: Nature, Values, and Changes of it in the Current Period

Nguyen Trong Long, Vu Hong Van

Subject: Arts And Humanities, Religious Studies Keywords: folk beliefs; ancestor worshiping belief; spiritual life; beliefs and religion life; Vietnamese people; Vietnam today

Online: 22 August 2020 (05:03:32 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0260.v1

Challenges of Pancasila Ideology in the Era of Industrial Revolution 4.0: Case Study of Generation Z and Millennials

Sovi Dwi Febrian Silva, Moses Glorino

Subject: Social Sciences, Anthropology Keywords: Pancasila; Millennial Generation; Industrial Revolution; human capital management

Online: 9 June 2021 (11:20:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0244.v1

Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 Data Fusion for Mapping and Monitoring Wetlands

Gordana Kaplan, Ugur Avdan

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing Keywords: Image Fusion, Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, Wetlands, Object-Based Classification, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

Online: 13 July 2018 (17:11:07 CEST)

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Wetlands benefits can be summarized but are not limited to their ability to store floodwaters and improve water quality, providing habitats for wildlife and supporting biodiversity, as well as aesthetic values. Over the past few decades, remote sensing and geographical information technologies has proven to be a useful and frequent applications in monitoring and mapping wetlands. Combining both optical and microwave satellite data can give significant information about the biophysical characteristics of wetlands and wetlands` vegetation. Also, fusing data from different sensors, such as radar and optical remote sensing data, can increase the wetland classification accuracy. In this paper we investigate the ability of fusion two fine spatial resolution satellite data, Sentinel-2 and the Synthetic Aperture Radar Satellite, Sentinel-1, for mapping wetlands. As a study area in this paper, Balikdami wetland located in the Anatolian part of Turkey has been selected. Both Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 images require pre-processing before their use. After the pre-processing, several vegetation indices calculated from the Sentinel-2 bands were included in the data set. Furthermore, an object-based classification was performed. For the accuracy assessment of the obtained results, number of random points were added over the study area. In addition, the results were compared with data from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle collected on the same data of the overpass of the Sentinel-2, and three days before the overpass of Sentinel-1 satellite. The accuracy assessment showed that the results significant and satisfying in the wetland classification using both multispectral and microwave data. The statistical results of the fusion of the optical and radar data showed high wetland mapping accuracy, with an overall classification accuracy of approximately 90% in the object-based classification. Compared with the high resolution UAV data, the classification results give promising results for mapping and monitoring not just wetlands, but also the sub-classes of the study area. For future research, multi-temporal image use and terrain data collection are recommended.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0408.v1

A Hint on the COVID-19 Risk: Population Disparities in Gene Expression of Three Receptors of SARS-CoV

Guoshuai Cai, Xiang Cui, Xia Zhu, Jun Zhou

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Wuhan SARS-CoV-2; ACE2; DC-SIGN; L-SIGN; expression; susceptibility; race; age; gender; smoking; single cell

Online: 27 February 2020 (12:45:26 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0078.v1

Copernicus Sentinel-2 Calibration and Products Validation Status

Ferran Gascon, Olivier Thépaut, Mathieu Jung, Benjamin Francesconi, Jérôme Louis, Vincent Lonjou, Bruno Lafrance, Stéphane Massera, Angélique Gaudel-Vacaresse, Florie Languille, Bahjat Alhammoud, Françoise Viallefont, Jakub Bieniarz, Bringfried Pflug, Sébastien Clerc, Laëtitia Pessiot, Thierry Trémas, Enrico Cadau, Roberto De Bonis, Claudia Isola, Philippe Martimort, Valérie Fernandez

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: calibration; validation; optical; instrument; processing; imagery; spatial; operational

Online: 19 October 2016 (10:59:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0302.v1

Focusing on the Unfolded Protein Response and Autophagy Related Pathways to Reposition Common Approved Drugs against COVID-19

Serguei Nabirotchkin, Alex E. Peluffo, Jan Bouaziz, Daniel Cohen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: COVID-2019; SARS-CoV-2; 2019-nCoV; repositioning; UPR/Autophagy; real-world evidence; pathways

Online: 20 March 2020 (03:55:55 CET)

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More than 179,000 individuals have fallen ill of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which first emerged in China less than four months ago in December 2019. As of today, there exist no approved treatments against COVID-19. Vaccines are being developed, but they will take time, at least one year, to reach the population. Drug repositioning represents a fast track because already approved medicines have been broadly tested through multiple trials. We developed a repositioning strategy that mostly leads to candidates that are commonly used. The advantages are that they will facilitate proof of concept in humans through a “real-world evidence” approach and should be rapidly available to the population. We focus on the established research results that the unfolded protein response (UPR) and autophagy pathways of the host cells are essential to the life cycle of previously known coronaviruses. We performed the relevant bioinformatics analysis to understand and confirm if SARS-CoV-2 may interact with these druggable pathways. Based on these considerations, we prioritized two additional druggable pathways, which are important to the viral life cycle and tightly connected to UPR/autophagy signaling: the mitochondrial permeability transition pores (MPTP) and NLRP-3 inflammasome pathways. These four important pathways are perturbed in most major common diseases and have therefore been targeted by numerous broadly prescribed drugs. We have identified 97 approved drugs that are known to modulate these four identified pathways, and which represent, therefore, interesting repositioning candidates. Although it is indisputable that these drugs should never be used for immediate self-medication against COVID-19, we notice that some of them could also be prescribed to individuals who have COVID-19 comorbidities (e.g., hypertension). It is debated if these comorbidities are linked to the pathology itself (e.g., hypertension) or the drugs used to treat the pathology (e.g., sartans). Therefore, relevant preclinical tests and massive electronic health records (i.e., real-world evidence) must be used to pre-screen them and check the COVID-19 prognosis of individuals taking these drugs.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0452.v1

An Update on Self-Amplifying mRNA Vaccine Development

Anna Blakney, Andrew Geall, Shell Ip

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: RNA; self-amplifying RNA; replicon; vaccine; drug delivery

Online: 18 December 2020 (11:12:44 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0104.v1

The Effect of Green Logistics on Economic growth, Social and Environmental Sustainability: An Empirical Study of Developing Countries in Asia

Syed Abdul Rehman Khan

Subject: Engineering, Energy And Fuel Technology Keywords: renewable energy; education expenditure; environmental degradation; health expenditure; carbon emissions; and foreign direct investments

Online: 11 January 2019 (07:06:47 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0116.v1

Potent Natural Inhibitors of Alpha-Glucosidase and Alpha-Amylase against Hyperglycemia in Vitro and in Vivo

Jirawat Riyaphan, Chien-Hung Jhong, May-Jwan Tsai, Der-Nan Lee, Max K. Leong, Ching-Feng Weng

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: In vivo; Alpha-glucosidase; Alpha-amylase; hyperglycemia

Online: 16 March 2017 (09:35:36 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0126.v1

Re-thinking the Potential for Airborne Transmission of SARS-CoV-2

Joseph Allen, Linsey Marr

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; airborne; aerosol; transmission

Online: 7 May 2020 (13:20:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201802.0055.v1

Enthalpy and Free Energy of Formation of Diamido and Monoamido Phosphoric Acid

Neale R. Neelameggham

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Inorganic And Nuclear Chemistry Keywords: amidophosphoric acid; diamidophosphate; prebiotic phosphoryl compound; phosphonitrogen glass; enthalpy; Gibbs Free energy; biomimetic nitrogen fixation

Online: 7 February 2018 (05:12:33 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0430.v1

COVID-19 Vaccines: The Impact on Pregnancy Outcomes and Menstrual Function

James A. Thorp, Claire Rogers, Michael P. Deskevich, Stewart Tankersley, Albert Benavides, Megan D. Redshaw, Peter A. McCullough

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: COVID-19 vaccines; menstruation; pregnancy outcomes; Influenza vaccines; VAERS

Online: 28 September 2022 (03:50:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201906.0050.v1

Avicenna’s Ideas and Arguments about Mind and Brain Interaction

Mohammad Jamali, Mehdi Golshani, Yousef Jamali

Subject: Arts And Humanities, Philosophy Keywords: mind brain interaction, Avicenna, consciousness, cognition, incorporeity of mind, mind matter interaction

Online: 6 June 2019 (12:58:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0099.v1

Thermal Analysis of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) –Coke Composites Prepared by Mechanical Alloying Technique

Debesh Devadutta Mishra

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Polymers And Plastics Keywords: PET; Petroleum Coke; Mechanical Alloying; Thermal studies; XRD

Online: 9 August 2016 (14:22:43 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0383.v1

Future of Construction Industry: COVID-19 and Its Implications on Construction Projects and Risk Management – A Review

Kushal Adhikari, Lochana Poudyal

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: COVID-19; pandemic; construction project; risk management; use of technology; recovery and resilience

Online: 14 April 2021 (14:12:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0436.v1

Application of Machine Learning in Cricket and Predictive Analytics of IPL 2020

Anurag Sinha

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Mathematical And Computational Biology Keywords: Naïve Bayes Classification; Eulers Strength Formula; Cricket Prediction; Supervised Learning; KNIME Tool; Cricket prediction; sports analytics; multivariate regression; neural network

Online: 21 October 2020 (12:34:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201607.0009.v1

Analysis of Pyramidal Horn Antenna for J-Band Application

Muralidhar Bhanarkar, Ganesh Waghmare, Vaijjanath Navarkhele

Subject: Physical Sciences, Radiation And Radiography Keywords: Antennas; Communication systems; Electromagnetic analysis; Measurements; Radio propagation; Waveguides

Online: 8 July 2016 (03:44:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0759.v1

Economic Growth And Unemployment: An Empirical Assessment of Okun’s Law In The Case of Liberia

Kaiballah Conteh

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Accounting And Taxation Keywords: Okun's law; unemployment rate; Economic Growth; Liberia

Online: 31 May 2021 (12:03:35 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0180.v1

First Case of COVID-19 Infection with Fulminant Myocarditis Complication: Case Report and Insights

Jia Hui Zeng, Ying-Xia Liu, Jing Yuan, Fu-Xiang Wang, Wei-Bo Wu, Jin-Xiu Li, Li-Fei Wang, Hong Gao, Yao Wang, Chang-Feng Dong, Yi-Jun Li, Xiao-Juan Xie, Cheng Feng, Lei Liu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: COVID-19; coronavirus; fulminant myocarditis; infection; echocardiography

Online: 11 March 2020 (04:57:10 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201704.0145.v1

Five Phases Music Therapy (FPMT) in Chinese Medicine: Fundamentals and Application

Hui Zhang

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: emotion and will; music therapy; five phases; five phases music therapy; psychology

Online: 24 April 2017 (05:37:45 CEST)

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Working Paper REVIEW

Biopesticides in Sustainable Agriculture: Current Status and Future Prospects

Emmanuel Oliver Fenibo, Grace N. Ijoma, Tonderayi Matambo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Biopesticides; Green chemistry; IPM; SDGs; Sustainable agriculture; Sustainable development

Online: 23 November 2020 (14:22:52 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0030.v1

Ripening Efficacy of Kamias Fruit (Averroah Billimbi) for Cavendish Banana (Musa acuminata)

Joseph Dave Pregoner, Jake Condez, Minlyn Duhig, James Gallera, Francis Cofreros, James Ohina, Borgy Llerone Sandoy, Hillary Bantayan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Kamias (Averrhoa bilimbi); Ripening; Cavendish Banana (Musa acuminata); Experimental; Davao City

Online: 3 May 2020 (07:40:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0136.v1

Optimization on Airfoil of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Based on CST Parameterization and NSGA-II Aigorithm

Changping Liang, Deke Xi, Sen Zhang, Baofeng Chen, Xiangqian Wang, Qinglong Guo

Subject: Engineering, Energy And Fuel Technology Keywords: vertical axis wind turbine; CST parameterization; NSGA-II; airfoil; optimization; multiple streamtube model

Online: 13 August 2016 (09:15:42 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0197.v1

2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak: A Review of the Current Literature and Built Environment (BE) Considerations to Reduce Transmission

Leslie Dietz, Patrick F. Horve, David Coil, Mark Fretz, Kevin Van Den Wymelenberg

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Built Environment (BE); building operations; novel coronavirus; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2

Online: 12 March 2020 (04:18:26 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0581.v1

Prefabricated Hybrid Wall Panel System for Lightweight Steel Construction in Seismic Prone Regions

Pezhman Sharafi, Mina Mortazavi, Bijan Samali, Hamid Ronagh

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: panelised construction; lightweight frames; hybrid systems; cold formed steel; hot rolled steel; design for earthquake, lateral force resisting system

Online: 30 July 2018 (10:24:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0099.v1

The Safety and Security Measures of the Selected Universities in Nueva Ecija, Philippines: Its Combat to COVID–19 Pandemic

Jennilyn C. Mina, Januaryn Jose B. Aydinan, Romeo B. Campos, Shirley P. Aye-eo

Subject: Social Sciences, Safety Research Keywords: COVID–19; combat; Inter–Agency Task Force (IATF); pandemic; safety and security; university

Online: 4 December 2020 (11:09:02 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0077.v1

The Pathophysiology of Virulence of the COVID-19 Virus

Joseph De Soto, Shazia Hakim, Frederick Boyd

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: COVID-19; native American Indian; treatment; ACE2 receptor; pathophysiology; virulence

Online: 7 April 2020 (02:40:24 CEST)

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Background: On Dec 19, 2019 it was reported by the public health department of China that an outbreak of pneumonia was caused by a novel Coronavirus. The virulence of the new virus COVID-19 was much greater than either the SARs or MERSs viruses and on March 11, 2020 the World Health Department (WHO) declared world -wide pandemic. Understanding the pathophysiology of virulence of the COVID-19 virus is absolutely necessary in understanding the transmission, virulence factors, reduce risk factors, clinical presentation, predict outcomes of the disease and provide guidance to any current or future treatment protocols. Methodology: A PubMed search was performed utilizing the words: Wuhan Virus, COVID-19, SARs coronavirus, ACE2, S protein, virulence, clinical presentation, epidemiology, genome, treatment, structure, MERs, pathogenesis and/or pathology alone and in combination with other terms. Each paper was evaluated by three content experts for quality, reproducibility, credibility and reputation of the journal. Results: The COVID-19 virus is much more virulent than either the SARs or MERs virus and its ability to cause serious disease inversely corresponds to the person’s ability to produce T-cells which declines linearly with age. The ACE2 receptor binding site do not vary among different ethnic groups but do in expression levels. This variance in expression level may explain for different infectivity rates among men and women and predict and explain different susceptibilities to infection by different ethnic groups. Furthermore, by understanding the underlying pathophysiology one can explain and provide guidance to the clinical effectiveness of any treatment. Conclusions: The underlying pathophysiology of COVID-19 explains not only the virulence, and clinical presentation, but, explains at a molecular level the comorbidity risk factors such as hypertension, sex, and age. Ethnic and anatomic expression patterns of ACE-2 and associated pathophysiology suggests that Native Americans and Asians may be particularly susceptible to this disease.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0428.v1

Machine Learning-based Algorithms for Weather Forecasting

ismaila oshodi

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Keywords: machine learning; weather forecast

Online: 30 June 2022 (11:30:04 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0295.v1

A Review of Recent Studies on Urban Stormwater Drainage System for Urban Flood Management

Manaye Teshome, Allu Revathi Devi

Subject: Social Sciences, Anthropology Keywords: stormwater drainage; urban flood; urban drainage management; food disaster management

Online: 14 October 2020 (10:18:17 CEST)

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Working Paper BRIEF REPORT

Design of an Epitope-Based Synthetic Long Peptide Vaccine to Counteract the Novel China Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)

Florina Bojin, Oana Gavriliuc, Michael-Bogdan Margineanu, Virgil Paunescu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: 2019-nCoV; coronavirus; peptide vaccine; CD4+ epitope; CD8+ epitope

Online: 8 February 2020 (05:56:31 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0362.v1

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Poverty Reduction in the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR)

David Mhlanga

Subject: Social Sciences, Government Keywords: Artificial intelligence; Fourth Industrial Revolution; Poverty

Online: 16 September 2020 (11:31:39 CEST)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0189.v1

Business Model Challenges for Cab Aggregators: A Case Study of Ola

Robin Singh

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Business And Management Keywords: Cab market; platform; business model

Online: 11 May 2020 (08:38:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201711.0013.v1

A Survey of English Language Teaching in Higher Institutions of Learning in Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

Tatiana Shulgina, Gopal Sagaran

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: English language; motivational intensity; survey; trends; challenges in Malaysia

Online: 1 November 2017 (10:58:01 CET)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Citrus Fruits Are Rich in Flavonoids for Immunoregulation and Potential Targeting ACE2

Liping Cheng, Weikang Zheng, Ming Li, Jie Huang, Shuzheng Bao, Qiang Xu, Zhaocheng Ma

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: citrus flavnoids; naringin; immunoregulation; ACE2; 2019-nCoV

Online: 23 February 2020 (09:49:10 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0472.v2

Decoding State Vaccination Rates Using Intelligence Quotient, Income, and Political Affiliation

Azad Kabir, Raeed Kabir, Jebun Nahar, Ritesh Sengar

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: Online misinformation; COVID-19 vaccination; fully vaccinated; Intelligence Quotient; per capita income

Online: 27 July 2021 (13:47:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0356.v1

Initial Review and Analysis of COVID-19 Host Genetics and Associated Phenotypes

Yosuke Tanigawa, Manuel Rivas

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; host genetics; genetics; polygenic risk score

Online: 24 March 2020 (08:36:20 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0283.v1

Emerging Understanding of Etiology and Epidemiology of the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) infection in Wuhan, China

Daibing Zhou, Peng Zhang, Chen Bao, Youzhi Zhang, Ning Zhu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Etiology; Epidemiology; COVID-19; Wuhan

Online: 19 February 2020 (11:58:13 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201904.0327.v1

An Extensive Review of Sunscreen and Suntan Preparations

AK Mohiuddin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dermatology Keywords: sunscreen; sunburn; UV Radiation; melanoma; photoaging

Online: 30 April 2019 (11:18:23 CEST)

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The sunscreen industry is achieving remarkable worldwide prominence by responding to the growing need for skin protection with fast-paced innovation. Increased consumer awareness of the harmful effects of sunlight has fueled the demand for improved photo protection. The need for broad-spectrum protection from both UVA and UVB rays has inspired scientists worldwide to research new cosmetic formulations and delivery systems. More effective sunscreen actives, emollients and novel cosmetic and functional ingredients have been regularly added to the formulator’s repertoire. Creativity in innovation has been hindered only by regulatory agencies and patent restrictions worldwide. Familiarity with the current restrictive regulations and patent law infringements has become integral to any research effort attempting to provide improved protection to individuals affected by the sun’s damaging effects. The increasing incidence of skin cancers and photo damaging effects caused by ultraviolet radiation has increased the use of sun screening agents, which have shown beneficial effects in reducing the symptoms and reoccurrence of these problems. Unlike the situation in Europe where sunscreen ingredients are considered under cosmetics guidelines, the FDA is required to define sunscreens as drugs since they are advertised to prevent sunburn and, more recently, the risk of skin cancer. In the USA, the FDA has been regulating this industry since August 25, 1978, with the publication of the Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking. Sunscreens are considered drugs and cosmetics and therefore must be governed by the FDA-OTC monograph. With the variety of sunscreen agents used in cosmetic and UV protection products, Australia, Canada, and the European Union (EU) have also developed regulatory protocols on safe sunscreen product use. Unlike the USA though, Australia has approved 34 active sunscreen ingredients and the EU has approved 28 of these ingredients. Current FDA regulations allow labeling of sunscreen products to a maximum of 30þ, despite the many products currently available with numbers as high as 100. From a cosmetic formulation point of view, increasing the SPF number in a product is governed by simple chemical principles.