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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0275.v1

Filamentous Aggregates of Tau Proteins Fulfil Standard Amyloid Criteria

Dawid Dułak, Małgorzata Gadzała, Mateusz Banach, Magdalena Ptak, Zdzisław Wisniowski, Leszek Konieczny, Irena Roterman

Subject: Life Sciences, Molecular Biology Keywords: tau protein amyloids; Alzheimer’s disease; tauopathy

Online: 16 July 2018 (10:49:49 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0481.v2

A Closer Look into the Role of Protein Tau in the Identification of Promising Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer’s Disease

Rubayat Islam Khan, Saif Shahriar Rahman Nirzhor, Barnaly Rashid

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Behavioral Neuroscience Keywords: protein tau; Alzheimer’s disease; neurodegenerative disease; synaptic dysfunction; Aβ-peptides; tau-imaging

Online: 27 August 2018 (11:25:45 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0147.v1

Novel Therapeutic Targets and Biomarkers for the Treatment of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

Imogen Tyer, Alison Hill

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Clinical Neurology Keywords: PSP; Progressive Supranuclear Palsy; 4R-tau; four-repeat tau; MAPT; Microtubule-associated ligand; PET; Positron Emission Tomography

Online: 12 June 2020 (09:41:06 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0349.v1

Tau: At the Interface Between Neurodegeneration and Cancer?

Stéphanie Papin, Paolo Paganetti

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: neurodegeneration; tauopathies; cancer, Tau protein, DNA protection

Online: 16 October 2020 (12:31:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0235.v1

Lipid Dys-Homeostasis Contributes to APOE4 Associated AD Pathology

Adina-Nicoleta Lazar, Linda Hanbouch, Lydie Boussicaut, Baptiste Fourmaux, Patricia Daira, Mark John Millan, Nathalie Bernoud-Hubac, Marie-Claude Potier

Subject: Biology, Physiology Keywords: lipid homeostasis; APOE4; Alzheimer’s Disease; Aβ peptide; tau

Online: 16 September 2022 (02:57:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0411.v1

A Combined Cell-Worm Approach to Search for Compounds Counteracting the Toxicity of Tau Oligomers in Vivo

Carmina Natale, Maria Monica Barzago, Luca Colnaghi, Ada De Luigi, Franca Orsini, Luana Fioriti, Luisa Diomede

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Pharmacology & Toxicology Keywords: tauopathy; tau protein; oligomers; proteotoxicity; C. elegans; tetracyclines.

Online: 27 July 2022 (05:10:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0645.v1

Heat Stress Modulates the GSK-3β Levels and Tau Phosphorylation

Tushar Dubey, Subashchandrabose Chinnathambi

Subject: Life Sciences, Cell & Developmental Biology Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Tau phosphorylation; Heat stress; GSK-3β

Online: 26 July 2020 (17:04:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0118.v1

The Impact of Nuclear Spin and Isospin of Dirac Particles on the Mass Spectrum of Leptons

Engel Roza

Subject: Physical Sciences, Nuclear & High Energy Physics Keywords: Dirac particle; isospin; muon; tau particle; electron mass

Online: 10 May 2019 (10:35:29 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0717.v1

DNA Methylation in Genetic and Sporadic Forms of Neurodegeneration: Lessons From Alzheimers, Related Tauopathies and Genetic Tauopathies

Geraldine Zimmer-Bensch, Hans Zempel

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: Alzheimer; TAU; MAPT; epigenetics; neurodegeneration; neurogenetic disease; DNA methylation

Online: 31 May 2021 (09:08:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0448.v2

Diet Control to Achieve Euglycemia Induces Tau Hyperphosphorylation Via AMPK Activation in the Hippocampus of Diabetic Rats

Sang-Don Han, Jun-Ho Lee, Yun-Hee Noh, Mingli Jin, Jin-Seong Kim

Subject: Life Sciences, Endocrinology & Metabolomics Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Diabetes; Diet control diet; AMPK; Tau hyperphosphorylation

Online: 8 October 2018 (15:32:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0566.v1

Residual Tau-Fluvalinate in Honey Bee Colonies is Coupled with Evidence for Selection for Varroa Destructor Resistance to Pyrethroids

María Benito-Murcia, Carolina Bartolomé, Xulio Maside, José Bernal, José Luis Bernal, María Jesús Nozal, Aránzazu Meana, Cristina Botías, Raquel Martín Hernández, Mariano Higes

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Varroa destructor; mite; resistant populations; acaricide residues; tau-fluvalinate; varroosis

Online: 21 April 2021 (09:42:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201904.0091.v4

Preference Neural Network

Ayman Elgharabawy, Mukesh Prasad, Chin-Teng Lin

Subject: Mathematics & Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence & Robotics Keywords: Preference learning; Multi-label ranking; Neural network; Kendall’s tau; Preference mining

Online: 24 December 2021 (16:08:06 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0203.v2

SH-SY5Y-derived neurons: A Human Neuronal Model System for Investigating TAU Sorting and Neuronal Subtype-Specific TAU Vulnerability

Michael Bell, Hans Zempel

Subject: Life Sciences, Other Keywords: SH-SY5Y-derived neurons; TAU sorting; neuronal identity; tauopathy; Alzheimer’s disease

Online: 23 December 2020 (10:30:47 CET)

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The microtubule-associated protein TAU is sorted into the axon in healthy brain neurons. Somatodendritic missorting of TAU is a pathological hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases called tauopathies, including Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Cause, consequence, and (patho)physiological mechanisms of TAU sorting and missorting are understudied, in part also due to the lack of readily available human neuronal model systems. The human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y is widely used for studying TAU physiology and TAU-related pathology in AD and related tauopathies. SH-SY5Y cells can be differentiated into neuron-like cells (SH-SY5Y-derived neurons) using various substances. This review evaluates whether SH-SY5Y-derived neurons are a suitable model for i) investigating intracellular TAU sorting in general, and ii) with respect to neuron subtype-specific TAU vulnerability. I) SH-SY5Y-derived neurons show pronounced axodendritic polarity, high levels of axonally localized TAU protein, expression of all six major human brain isoforms, and TAU phosphorylation similar to the human brain. As proliferative cells, SH-SY5Y cells are readily accessible for genetic engineering, stable transgene integration and leading-edge genome editing are valuable and promising tools for TAU-related studies. II) Depending on the used differentiation procedure, SH-SY5Y-derived neurons resemble cells of distinct subcortical nuclei, i.e. the Locus coeruleus (LC), Nucleus basalis (NB) and Substantia nigra (SN), all of which early affected in many tauopathies. This allows to analyse neuron-specific TAU isoform expression and intracellular localization, also in the context of vulnerability to TAU pathology. Limitations are e.g. the lack of mimicking age-related tauopathy risk factors and the difficulty to define the exact neuronal subtype of SH-SY5Y-derived neurons. In brief, this review discusses the suitability of SH-SY5Y-derived neurons for investigating TAU (mis)sorting mechanisms and neuron-specific TAU vulnerability in disease paradigms.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0021.v1

Anti Iglon5 Syndrome: What We Know So Far? A Non-Systematic Review

Caroline Figueiredo da Silva, Gustavo Figueiredo da Silva, Washigton Luiz Gomes de Medeiros Junior, Marcus Vinícius Magno Gonçalves

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Clinical Neurology Keywords: anti-IgLON5 disease; sleep disorders; tau protein accumulation; immunotherapy; neurodegenerative diseases

Online: 2 May 2020 (16:26:03 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0075.v1

Untangling the Prion-Like Misfolding Mechanism for Neurodegenerative Diseases

Daniela Sarnataro

Subject: Biology, Other Keywords: A; aggregation; amyloid; APP; misfolding; prion protein; prion-like; PrP; seeds; tau

Online: 4 September 2018 (16:51:56 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201706.0068.v1

Human MAP tau based targeted cytolytic fusion proteins

Olusiji Akinrinmade, Sandra Jordaan, Dmitrij Hristodorov, Radoslav Mladenov, Neelakshi Mungra, Shivan Chetty, Stefan Barth

Subject: Life Sciences, Other Keywords: human cytolytic fusion proteins; immunotherapy; microtubule associated protein tau (MAP); cancer; inflammatory diseases

Online: 15 June 2017 (12:02:31 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0133.v1

Fluid and Tissue Biomarkers of Lewy Body Dementia: Report of an LBDA Symposium

Gregory D. Scott, Moriah R. Arnold, Thomas G. Beach, Christopher H. Gibbons, Anumantha G. Kanthasamy, Russell M. Lebovitz, Afina W. Lemstra, Leslie M. Shaw, Charlotte E. Teunissen, Henrik Zetterberg, Angela S. Taylor, Todd C. Graham, Bradley F. Boeve, Stephen N. Gomperts, Neill R. Graff-Radford, Charbel E.-H. Moussa, Kathleen L. Poston, Liana S. Rosenthal, Marwan N. Sabbagh, Ryan R. Walsh, Miriam T. Weber, Melissa J. Armstrong, Jee A. Bang, Andrea C. Bozoki, Kimiko Domoto-Reilly, John E. Duda, Jori E. Fleisher, Douglas R. Galasko, James E. Galvin, Jennifer G. Goldman, Samantha K. Holden, Lawrence S. Honig, Daniel E. Huddleston, James B. Leverenz, Irene Litvan, Carol A. Manning, Karen S. Marder, Alexander Y. Pantelyat, Victoria S. Pelak, Douglas W. Scharre, Sharon J. Sha, Holly A. Shill, Mari Zoltan, Joseph F. Quinn, David J. Irwin

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Clinical Neurology Keywords: cerebrospinal fluid; alpha-synuclein; skin biopsy; seeded aggregation assays; tau, amyloid; Lewy body dementia

Online: 7 September 2021 (16:26:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0076.v1

Leverage and Volatility Feedback Effects and Conditional Dependence Index: A Nonparametric Study

Yiguo Sun, Ximing Wu

Subject: Social Sciences, Finance Keywords: conditional dependence index; Kendall's Tau; leverage effect; nonparametric copula; tail dependence index; volatility feedback effect

Online: 6 April 2018 (11:17:36 CEST)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0769.v1

On the Riemann-Hardy Conjecture for the Ramanujan Zeta-Function

Xiao-Jun Yang

Subject: Mathematics & Computer Science, Algebra & Number Theory Keywords: Ramanujan zeta-function; Ramanujan's tau-function; entire Ramanujan zeta-function; Ramanujan $\Xi$-function; Riemann-Hardy conjecture

Online: 31 May 2021 (12:34:12 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0311.v1

A Case Report of Chronic Stress in Honey Bee Colonies Induced by Pathogens and Acaricide Residues

Elena Alonso-Prados, Amelia-Virginia González-Porto, José Luis Bernal, José Bernal, Raquel Martín-Hernández, Mariano Higes

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Honey bees; Apis mellifera; acaricides; pesticides; Toxic Unit; Varroa destructor; Nosema ceranae; bee viruses; tau-fluvalinate; coumaphos

Online: 11 June 2021 (09:55:42 CEST)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0437.v2

The Glial Aging & Senescence Hypothesis of Late-onset Alzheimer’s

Victor Lau, Leanne Ramer, Marie-Ève Tremblay

Subject: Life Sciences, Other Keywords: Alzheimer's; Cellular senescence; Neurodegeneration; Microglia; Astrocytes; Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells; TREM2; Braak staging; Oxidative stress; Phapoptosis; Amyloid-beta; Tau; Neuritic plaques

Online: 7 March 2022 (14:22:25 CET)

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) predominantly occurs as a late-onset form (LOAD), involving neurodegeneration and cognitive decline with progressive memory loss. Over time, risk factors and aging promote accumulation of well-known AD pathologies in oxidative stress, amyloid-beta and tau protein pathology, as well as inflammation. Homeostatic glial functions regulate and suppress these AD pathologies; however, other glial states involve increased pro-inflammatory cytokine release and further pathology accumulation. Different stresses can additionally induce cellular senescence, or an irreversible differentiation process resulting in decreased supportive functions and increased, pro-inflammatory cytokine release. While these pathophysiological underpinnings all contribute to LOAD, they require temporal and mechanistic integration. This perspective hypothesizes that when individuals have threshold senescent glia accumulation, they transition from healthy cognition into mild cognitive impairment and LOAD diagnosis. Particularly, senescent microglia are predicted to represent a final threshold required for the tau pathology burden and spreading that corresponds to sustained neurodegeneration and dementia severity. We first explore age-related decline in glia that promote increases in AD pathologies, and then discuss emerging evidence linking oxidative stress, neurons containing tau pathology, and amyloid-beta to microglia, oligodendrocyte progenitor cell, and astrocyte senescence. Our hypothesis proposes that senescent astrocytes and oligodendrocyte progenitors pressure microglia to phagocytose neurons containing tau pathology. The resulting senescent microglia would form neuritic plaques and induce paracrine senescence transitioning into a progressive clinical dementia presentation. This predictive hypothesis can potentially account for why medications used to treat LOAD fail, as previous treatments have not reduced senescent glial burden. It is also coherent with the predominant hypotheses surrounding LOAD, generates testable hypotheses about LOAD, and increases rationale in testing senolytics as targeted treatments for LOAD arrest and reversal.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0717.v1

Parameterization of Vegetation Scattering Albedo in the Tau-Omega Model for Soil Moisture Retrieval on Croplands

Chang-Hwan Park, Thomas Jagdhuber, Andreas Colliander, Johan Lee, Aaron Berg, Michael Cosh, Sung-bum Kim, Yoonjae Kim, Volker Wulfmeyer

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: soil moisture; scattering albedo; tau-omega model; allometry; vegetation fraction; vegetation water content; passive microwave remote sensing; SMOS; SMAP; AMSR-E

Online: 30 July 2020 (10:58:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0194.v1

Helicobacter Pylori Urease: Potential Contributions to Alzheimer’s Disease

Augusto F. Uberti, Natália Callai-Silva, Matheus V. C. Grahl, Angela R. Piovesan, Eduarda G. Nachtigall, Cristiane R. G. Furini, Celia Regina Carlini

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: Helicobacter pylori; urease; neuroinflammation; tau hyperphosphorylation; pro-inflammatory cytokines; object recognition test; elevated plus maze; SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells; BV-2 microglia

Online: 13 January 2022 (15:37:01 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0557.v1

Computing Maximal Lyndon Substrings of a String

Frantisek Franek, Michael Liut

Subject: Mathematics & Computer Science, General & Theoretical Computer Science Keywords: combinatorics on words; string algorithms; regularities in strings; suffice sorting; Lyndon substrings; Lyndon arrays; maximal Lyndon substrings; tau-reduction algorithm; Baier's sort algorithm; iterative Duval algorithm

Online: 24 September 2020 (03:10:18 CEST)

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