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CSF Soluble TREM2 Concentrations Correlate With the Severity of Neurofibrillary Degeneration, Cognitive Impairment, and Inflammasome Activation in Alzheimer’s Disease
Španić Popovački, E.; Babić Leko, M.; Langer Horvat, L.; Brgić, K.; Vogrinc, Ž.; Boban, M.; Klepac, N.; Borovečki, F.; Šimić, G. Soluble TREM2 Concentrations in the Cerebrospinal Fluid Correlate with the Severity of Neurofibrillary Degeneration, Cognitive Impairment, and Inflammasome Activation in Alzheimer’s Disease. Neurol. Int.2023, 15, 842-856.
Španić Popovački, E.; Babić Leko, M.; Langer Horvat, L.; Brgić, K.; Vogrinc, Ž.; Boban, M.; Klepac, N.; Borovečki, F.; Šimić, G. Soluble TREM2 Concentrations in the Cerebrospinal Fluid Correlate with the Severity of Neurofibrillary Degeneration, Cognitive Impairment, and Inflammasome Activation in Alzheimer’s Disease. Neurol. Int. 2023, 15, 842-856.
Španić Popovački, E.; Babić Leko, M.; Langer Horvat, L.; Brgić, K.; Vogrinc, Ž.; Boban, M.; Klepac, N.; Borovečki, F.; Šimić, G. Soluble TREM2 Concentrations in the Cerebrospinal Fluid Correlate with the Severity of Neurofibrillary Degeneration, Cognitive Impairment, and Inflammasome Activation in Alzheimer’s Disease. Neurol. Int.2023, 15, 842-856.
Španić Popovački, E.; Babić Leko, M.; Langer Horvat, L.; Brgić, K.; Vogrinc, Ž.; Boban, M.; Klepac, N.; Borovečki, F.; Šimić, G. Soluble TREM2 Concentrations in the Cerebrospinal Fluid Correlate with the Severity of Neurofibrillary Degeneration, Cognitive Impairment, and Inflammasome Activation in Alzheimer’s Disease. Neurol. Int. 2023, 15, 842-856.
Abstract
People with specific TREM2 gene variants are more prone to develop Alzheimer's disease (AD). The TREM2 receptor regulates the number of myeloid cells, phagocytosis, and the inflammatory response via interacting with apolipoproteins and amyloid. Higher TREM2 expression has been found to protect against AD. When TREM2 activity increases, the activity of genes involved in the activation of microglia cells decreases. This can improve the efficiency of phagocytosis. When TREM2 is highly expressed and the inflammasome is activated, the results are not always congruent. Therefore, this study aimed to discover how sTREM2 levels in CSF and plasma samples relate to other indices of AD pathology. We examined 98 AD plasma samples, 35 plasma samples of subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 11 healthy controls (HC) plasma samples, as well as 155 AD CSF samples, 90 MCI CSF samples, and 50 HC CSF samples. CSF sTREM2 levels were higher in the AD group than in the MCI and HC groups, in contrast to plasma sTREM2. This shows that CSF sTREM2 levels could be used to distinguish between healthy and AD patients. CSF sTREM2 levels were significantly correlated with neurofibrillary changes, cognitive decline, and inflammasome activity in AD patients. While our findings are consistent with previous research, future studies will need to include more patients and employ standardized methodological approaches to add CSF sTREM2 to the list of biomarkers for AD.
Medicine and Pharmacology, Neuroscience and Neurology
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
