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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.1217.v2

Assessment of Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Cement-Based Materials—Part 2: Perlite Concrete

Dorina Nicolina Isopescu, Alexandra Cojocaru, Ioana-Roxana Baciu, Sebastian George Maxineasa, Sergiu George Petre

Subject: Engineering, Architecture, Building And Construction Keywords: sustainability; cement-based materials; concrete; perlite; physico-mechanical properties; energy performance

Online: 5 June 2023 (10:57:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0307.v1

Near-Field Coupling Effect Analysis of SMD Inductor Using 3D-EM model

GyeongRyun Choi, HyongJoo Kim, Yonggi Hong, Joosung Hwang, Euihyuk Kim, Wansoo Nah

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: SMD inductor; loss tangent; effective permeability; Near-field coupling

Online: 5 June 2023 (10:30:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0271.v1

The Potential of Replacing Concrete with Sand and Recycled Polycarbonate Composites: Compressive Strength Testing

Morgan C. Woods, Apoorv Kulkarni, And Joshua M. Pearce

Subject: Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Keywords: waste plastic composites; poly carbonate; polycarbonate composite; sand; plastic and sand composites; plastic sand bricks; concrete; construction; compressive strength; mechanical properties

Online: 5 June 2023 (10:00:49 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0294.v1

Assessment of State of Art in the Performance, Their Utilization Level of Automated Vehicles

Teshome Kumsa Kurse, Girma Gebresenbet, Geleta Fikadu Daba

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: automated vehicle; performance assessment; sensor; sound navigator; utilization level

Online: 5 June 2023 (09:57:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0596.v2

Feasibility of Proton Dosimetry Overriding Planning CT with Daily CBCT Elaborated through Generative Artificial Intelligence Tools

Matteo Rossi, Gabriele Belotti, Luca Mainardi, Guido Baroni, Pietro Cerveri

Subject: Engineering, Bioengineering Keywords: Deep Learning; image-to-image translation; dosimetry; cycleGAN; CBCT; CT; limited FOV; artifact correction; Hounsfield unit recovery

Online: 5 June 2023 (09:53:36 CEST)

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Radiotherapy commonly utilizes CBCT for patient positioning and treatment monitoring. CBCT is deemed to be secure for patients, making it suitable for the delivery of fractional doses. However, limitations such as a narrow field of view, beam hardening, scattered radiation artifacts, and variability in pixel intensity hinder the direct use of raw CBCT for dose recalculation during treatment. To address this issue, reliable correction techniques are necessary to remove artifacts and remap pixel intensity into HU values. This study proposes a deep-learning framework for calibrating CBCT images acquired with narrow FOV systems and demonstrates its potential use in proton treatment planning updates. Cycle-consistent GAN processes raw CBCT to reduce scatter and remap HU. Monte Carlo simulation is used to generate CBCT scans, enabling the possibility to focus solely on the algorithm’s ability to reduce artifacts and cupping effects without considering intra-patient longitudinal variability and producing a fair comparison between planning CT and calibrated CBCT dosimetry. To showcase the viability of the approach using real-world data, experiments were also conducted using real CBCT. Tests were performed on a publicly available dataset of 40 patients who received ablative radiation therapy for pancreatic cancer. The simulated CBCT calibration led to a difference in proton dosimetry of less than 2%, compared to the planning CT. The potential toxicity effect on the organs at risk decreased from about 50% (uncalibrated) up the 2% (calibrated). The gamma pass rate at 3%/2mm produced an improvement of about 37% in replicating the prescribed dose before and after calibration (53.78% vs 90.26%). Real data also confirmed this with slightly inferior performances for the same criteria (65.36% vs 87.20%). These results may confirm that generative artificial intelligence brings the use of narrow FOV CBCT scans incrementally closer to clinical translation in proton therapy planning updates.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0292.v1

Stochastic Comparisons of Lifetimes of used Standby Systems

Mohamed Kayid, Mashael A. Alshehri

Subject: Engineering, Industrial And Manufacturing Engineering Keywords: likelihood ratio order; usual stochastic order; cold-standby system; log-concave; logconvex; lifetime

Online: 5 June 2023 (09:42:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0287.v1

FANet: Flexibility and Adaptivity Net for 3D Point Cloud Detection

Jian Ye, Fushan Zuo, Yuqing Qian

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: autonomous driving; object detection; Position Adaptive Convolution; FANet

Online: 5 June 2023 (09:15:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0283.v1

A Deep Neural Network Regression of the Cahn–Hilliard Single-Particle Thermal Model for LiFePO₄ Batteries

Roger Painter, Ranganathan Parthasarathy, Lin Li, Irucka Embry, Lonnie Sharpe, S. Keith Hargrove

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: lithium-ion batteries; LIB; LiFePO4; electric vehicles; Cahn–Hilliard; principal component analysis; neural networks

Online: 5 June 2023 (09:01:49 CEST)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0277.v1

Ocean Wave Energy Converter (WEC) with IoT Applications

Md Shohel Amin

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: Wave Energy Converter (WEC); IoT-based sensors; Wireless devices

Online: 5 June 2023 (08:39:34 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0266.v1

A Comparative Analysis of Two-Phase Flow Boiling Heat Transfer Coefficient and Correlations for Hydrocarbons and Ethanol

Mohamed ElFaham, Clement C. Tang

Subject: Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Keywords: Flow boiling; Heat transfer coefficient; Two phase flow; hydrocarbons; Ethanol; Flow boiling correlations

Online: 5 June 2023 (08:21:06 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0241.v1

Overview of the Potential of Energy Harvesting Sources in Electric Vehicles

Said Bentouba, Nadjet Zioui, Peter Breuhaus, Mahmoud Bourouis

Subject: Engineering, Energy And Fuel Technology Keywords: electric vehicle; energy harvesting; thermal energy; mechanical energy

Online: 5 June 2023 (07:09:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0236.v1

Research on Optimization and Numerical Simulation of Layout Scheme of Mining Approach in Downward Slicing and Filling Method

Kui Zhao, Nan Liang, Peng Zeng, Wanyin Wang, Cong Gong, Liangfeng Xiong, Hao Liu

Subject: Engineering, Mining And Mineral Processing Keywords: Downward slicing and filling method; The weak filling surface; Route arrangement; Numerical simulation

Online: 5 June 2023 (04:44:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0229.v1

A Novel Framework for Production Planning and Class-Based Storage Location Assignment: Multi-Criteria Classification Approach

MEHMET AKİF YERLİKAYA, FEYZAN ARIKAN

Subject: Engineering, Industrial And Manufacturing Engineering Keywords: Order Picking; Class-Based Storage Location Assignment; Production Planning; TOPSIS; Decision Support System Flow

Online: 5 June 2023 (03:23:09 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0228.v1

A Comprehensive Review of EV Lithium-Ion Battery Degradation

Carlos Antônio Rufino Júnior, Eleonora Riva Sanseverino, Pierluigi Gallo, Murilo Machado Amaral, Daniel Koch, Yash Kotak, Hans-Georg Schweiger, Hudson Zanin

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: Prognostics; Ageing; Lithium-Ion Batteries; EV Batteries; Degradation; Electric vehicles

Online: 5 June 2023 (03:17:13 CEST)

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Lithium-ion batteries with improved energy densities have made understanding the Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) generation mechanisms that cause mechanical, thermal, and chemical failures more complicated. SEI processes reduce battery capacity and power. Thus, a review of this area's understanding is important. It is essential to know how batteries degrade in EVs to estimate battery lifespan as it goes, predict, and minimize losses, and determine the ideal time for a replacement. Lithium-ion batteries used in EVs mainly suffer two types of degradation: calendar degradation and cycling degradation. Despite the existence of several existing works in the literature, several aspects of battery degradation remain unclear or have not been analyzed in detail. This work presents a systematic review of existing works in the literature. The results of the present investigation provide insight into the complex relationships among various factors affecting battery degradation mechanisms. Specifically, this systematic review examined the effects of time, side reactions, temperature fluctuations, high charge/discharge rates, depth of discharge, mechanical stress, thermal stress, and the voltage relationship on battery performance and longevity. The results revealed that these factors interact in complex ways to influence the degradation mechanisms of batteries. For example, high charge currents and deep discharges were found to accelerate degradation, while low temperatures and moderate discharge depths were shown to be beneficial for battery longevity. Additionally, the results showed that the relationship between cell voltage and State-of-Charge (SOC) plays a critical role in determining the rate of degradation. Overall, these findings have important implications for the design and operation of battery systems, as they highlight the need to carefully manage a range of factors to maximize battery performance and longevity. The result is an analysis of the main articles published in this field in recent years. This work aims to present new knowledge about fault detection, diagnosis, and management of lithium-ion batteries based on battery degradation concepts. The new knowledge is presented and discussed in a structured and comprehensive way.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0227.v1

Issues, Challenges, and Future Perspectives of Perovskites for Energy Conversion Applications

Ramchandra Balaji Pode, Aarti Muley, Baye Boucar Diouf

Subject: Engineering, Energy And Fuel Technology Keywords: Perovskite materials; Solar cells; Energy conversion efficiency; Issue and challenges in commer-cialization

Online: 5 June 2023 (03:11:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0226.v1

CoolBat3D – Development of an Innovative Temperature Man-Agement System With an Implemented Cooling Circuit, Consid-Ering Additive Manufacturing Options for Safe Operation of Li-Ion Battery Packs

Stephan M. Thaler, Josef Zwatz, Dominic Zettel, Robert Hauser, Roman Lackner

Subject: Engineering, Energy And Fuel Technology Keywords: Lithium-ion battery; smart materials; phase change material; latent thermal energy storage; bat-tery temperature management system; direct metal laser sintering

Online: 5 June 2023 (03:08:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0224.v1

Predicting the Compressive Strength of Green Concrete at Various Temperature Ranges Using Different Efficient Soft Computing Techniques

Ahmad Khalil Mohammed, Aram Hassan, Ahmed Salih Mohammed

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: sustainability; concrete; ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS); compressive strength; statistical analysis; modeling

Online: 5 June 2023 (02:34:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0222.v1

Film Boiling Around a Finite Size Cylindrical Apecimen - A Transient Conjugate Heat Transfer Approach

Alen Cukrov, Yohei Sato, Ivanka Boras, Bojan Ničeno

Subject: Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Keywords: low Biot number material; conjugate heat transfer; film boiling; large-scale domain; turbulent flow; Kelvin-Helmholtz instability; frozen turbulence approach

Online: 2 June 2023 (16:40:35 CEST)

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The DNS of film boiling requires strong computational resources that are difficult to obtain for a daily CFD use by the practitioners of the industrial R&D experts. On the other hand, the film boiling experiments are associated with the usage of the expensive and highly sophisticated apparatus, and the research to this end is found to be relatively difficult due to high heat flow rates that are present in the process itself. When combined with a transient heat conduction in a solid, the problem becomes significantly difficult. Therefore, a novel method in computation of conjugate heat transfer during film boiling in a quiescent liquid has been proposed in this paper. The method relies on the solution of mass, momentum and energy conservation equations in a two-fluid framework, supplemented with the appropriate closures. Furthermore, the turbulent flow has been found as an important parameter in obtaining the accurate solution of the temperature field evolution in a solid specimen, via the proper modeling of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) value, that has been imposed as a constant value, i.e., the frozen turbulence approach. It was found, in addition, that the appropriate TKE value can be obtained by use of Kelvin-Helmholtz instability theory in conjunction with the boundary layer theory. The obtained results show excellent agreement with the experimental data within the first 15 s of the experiment, i.e., the first ca. 10 % of the total duration of the film boiling mode of heat transfer. Furthermore, the heat transfer coefficient has matched the error bands prescribed by the authors of the paper that has presented the correlations, whilst the averaged values are far beyond this band, i.e., are slightly more than 30 % higher. The further inspection has revealed a measure of similarity between the computational result of the volume fraction field distribution and the experiment, thus confirming the capability of the method to obtain realistic interface evolution in time. The method has shown full capability for further pursuing the industrial-scale film boiling problems that involve turbulent flow and the conjugate heat transfer approach.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0218.v1

On the Development of a Digital Twin for Underwater UXO Detection Using Magnetometer-Based Data in Application for the Training Set Generation for Machine Learning Models

Marcin Blachnik, Roman Przyłucki, Sławomir Golak, Piotr Ściegienka, Tadeusz Wieczorek

Subject: Engineering, Safety, Risk, Reliability And Quality Keywords: digital twin; UXO; unexploded ordnance; training data set; magnetic field; FEM; magnetometer; Finite element method; AUV

Online: 2 June 2023 (15:45:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0215.v1

Experimental Study of the Correlation between the Wear and the Braking System Efficiency of an Auto-Vehicle

Ilie Filip, Andreea-Catalina Cristescu

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Auto vehicle; Braking system efficiency; Brake pads and disc wear; Road safety; Efficiency parameters

Online: 2 June 2023 (14:53:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0206.v1

Test Structures for the Characterization of the Gate Resistance in 16nm FinFET RF Transistors

Mario Lauritano, Peter Baumgartner

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: Gate Resistance; Characterization; de-embedding; radio-frequency MOSFETs (RF MOS- 7 FETs); FinFET

Online: 2 June 2023 (13:39:46 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0198.v1

Surface Waterproofing Techniques: A Case Study in Nova Lima, Brazil

Lorena Carias de Freitas Gomes, Henrique Comba Gomes, Elvys Dias Reis

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: durability; waterproofing; infiltration; asphalt blankets; pathologies

Online: 2 June 2023 (11:57:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0185.v1

Effect of Jet Nozzle Position on Mixing Time in Large Tanks

Timothy Ayodeji Oluwadero, Catherine Xuereb, Joelle Aubin, Martine Poux

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Jet mixing; Mixing; Mixing time; Circulation time; Jet

Online: 2 June 2023 (10:35:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0182.v1

Novel DQ-based Multicarrier PWM Strategy for a Single-phase F-type Inverter

Raad Abdulla, Mouna Bin Smida, Ali Thamallah, Aouse Khalaf, Anis Sakly

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: DQ-based control; F-type inverter; PV-powered inverter

Online: 2 June 2023 (10:28:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0180.v1

Incipient Inter Turn Short Circuit Fault Detection on Induction Motors Through Data Fusion and Statistical Machine Learning Strategy

Arturo Yosimar Jaen-Cuellar, Juan Jose Saucedo-Dorantes, David Alejandro Elvira-Ortiz

Subject: Engineering, Control And Systems Engineering Keywords: Condition monitoring; Induction motor; Inter-turn short-circuit; Feature calculation; Feature reduction

Online: 2 June 2023 (10:22:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0179.v1

Analysis of the Heart Rate of Operators of Forwarding Machines during Timber Forwarding and the Dependence of Its Values on the Performed Work Activities

David Sláma, Václav Mergl, Eva Abramuszkinová Pavlíková

Subject: Engineering, Other Keywords: operator; forwarder; tractor with a timber trailer; ergonomics; heart rate; physical load

Online: 2 June 2023 (10:21:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0173.v1

Improving Pure Titanium's Biological and Mechanical Characteristics through ECAP and Micro Arc Oxidation Processes

Dawit Bogale Alemayehu, Masahiro Todoh, J. H. Hsieh, Chuan Li, Song-Jeng Huang

Subject: Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Keywords: Pulp cell; Periodontal cell; Micro-Arc Oxidation (MAO), Sever Plastic deformation (SPD), Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP), AlamarBlue; ELISA; trypsin

Online: 2 June 2023 (10:01:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0176.v1

Scalability of Cyber-Physical Systems in Mixed Reality Experiences in ROS 2

Francisco José Mañas-Álvarez, María Guinaldo, Raquel Dormido, Sebastian Dormido-Canto

Subject: Engineering, Control And Systems Engineering Keywords: Multi-Robot System; Mixed Reality; ROS 2; Formation Control

Online: 2 June 2023 (10:01:50 CEST)

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Nowadays, cyber-physical systems (CPSs) are composed of more and more agents and the demand for designers to develop ever larger multi-agent systems is a fact. When the number of agents increases, several challenges related to control or communication problems arise due to the lack of scalability of existing solutions. It is important to develop tools that allow control strategies evaluation of large-scale systems. In this paper, it is considered that a CPS is a heterogeneous robot multi-agent system that cooperatively performs a formation task through a wireless network. The goal of this research is to evaluate the system's performance when the number of agents increases. To this end, two different mixed reality frameworks developed with the open-source tools Gazebo and Webots are used. These frameworks enable combining both real and virtual agents in a realistic scenario allowing scalability experiences. They also reduce the costs required when a significant number of robots operate in a real environment, as experiences can be conducted with a few real robots and a higher number of virtual robots by mimicking the real ones. Currently, the frameworks include several types of robots being the aerial robot Crazyflie 2.1 and differential mobile robots Khepera IV those used in this work. To illustrate the usage and performance of the frameworks, an event-based control strategy for rigid formations varying the number of agents is analyzed. The agents should achieve a formation defined by a set of desired Euclidean distances to their neighbors. To compare the scalability of the system in the two different tools, the following metrics have been used: formation error, CPU usage percentage, and the ratio between the real-time and the simulation time. The results show the feasibility of using Robot Operating System (ROS) 2 in distributed architectures for multi-agent systems in mixed reality experiences regardless of the number of agents and their nature. However, the two tools under study present different behaviors when the number of virtual agents grows in some of the parameters, and such discrepancies are analyzed.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0172.v1

Gels that Serve as Mucus Simulants: A Review

Appu Vinod, Rafael Tadmor, David Katoshevski, Ephraim Gutmark

Subject: Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Keywords: Mucus; synthetic hydrogels; polymers; gel networks

Online: 2 June 2023 (09:57:48 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0159.v1

An Overview of Hesitant Fuzzy Linguistic Term Set Applications in Supply Chain Management: The State of the Art and Future Directions

Francisco Rodrigues Lima-Junior, Mery Ellen Brandt de Oliveira, Carlos Henrique Lopes Resende

Subject: Engineering, Industrial And Manufacturing Engineering Keywords: Hesitant Fuzzy Linguistic Term Sets; Supply Chain Management; Decision Making; Systematic Literature Review

Online: 2 June 2023 (08:51:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0158.v1

Modern Optimization Algorithm for Improved Performance of Maximum Power Point Tracker of Partially Shaded PV Systems

Ali M. Eltamaly

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: Photovoltaic; MPPT; partial shading conditions; convergence time; failure rate; metaheuristic; dandelion optimization algorithm (DOA)

Online: 2 June 2023 (08:48:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0157.v1

LSTM-CNN Network-Based State-Dependent ARX Modeling and Predictive Control with Application to Water Tank System

Tiao Kang, Hui Peng, Xiaoyan Peng

Subject: Engineering, Control And Systems Engineering Keywords: LSTM-ARX model; MPC; water tank system; LSTM-CNN-ARX model

Online: 2 June 2023 (08:33:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0155.v1

Numerical Investigation on Hypersonic Flat-Plate Boundary Layer Transition Subjected to Bi-frequency Synthetic Jet

Xinyi Liu, Zhenbing Luo, Qiang Liu, Pan Cheng, Yan Zhou

Subject: Engineering, Aerospace Engineering Keywords: hypersonic boundary layer transition; transition delay; bi-frequency synthetic jet; flow control; linear stability theory

Online: 2 June 2023 (08:22:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0147.v1

Intelligent Video Surveillance System with Abnormal Behavior Recognition and Metadata Retrieval

Hyungtae Kim, Joongchol Shin, Seokmok Park, Joonki Paik

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: Metadata generation; abnormal recognition; metadata retrieval; intelligent surveillance system

Online: 2 June 2023 (07:27:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0126.v1

Optimizing EMG Classification through Metaheuristic Algorithms

Marcos Aviles, Juvenal Rodríguez-Reséndiz, Danjela Ibrahimi

Subject: Engineering, Bioengineering Keywords: PSO; GWO; metaheuristic; multilayer perceptron; hyperparameters; EMG signals; optimization; deep learning

Online: 2 June 2023 (07:19:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0146.v1

Investigation of Following Vehicle Driving Pattern using Spectral Analysis Techniques

Chandle Chae, Yongho Kim

Subject: Engineering, Transportation Science And Technology Keywords: sustainable traffic management; autonomous vehicle; driving behavior; car-following; spectral analysis

Online: 2 June 2023 (07:17:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0145.v1

Development of a Lux Meter for the Identification of Liquids in Post-Consumer Polyethylene Terephthalate Bottles for Collection Centers in Mexico

L. Ángeles-Hurtado, Juvenal Rodríguez, Hilda Romero-Zepeda, H. Torres-Salinas, R. García-Martínez, Silvia Salas-Aguilar

Subject: Engineering, Control And Systems Engineering Keywords: PET; Recycling; Lux meter; Classification; ANOVA; Machine learning; Automation; Illuminance; Polymer recycling; Municipal solid waste

Online: 2 June 2023 (07:12:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0144.v1

On Scalability of FDD-based Cell-Free Massive MIMO Framework

Beenish Hassan, Sobia Baig, Saad Aslam

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: cell-free; massive MIMO; scalable FDD; angular reciprocity; dynamic cooperation clustering

Online: 2 June 2023 (07:11:23 CEST)

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Cell-free massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) has the potential of providing joint services including joint initial access, efficient clustering of access points (APs) and pilot allocation to user equipments (UEs) over large coverage area with reduced interference. In cell-free massive MIMO, large coverage area corresponds to provision and maintenance of scalable quality of service requirements for infinitely large number of UEs. The research in cell free massive MIMO is mostly focused on time division duplex mode due to availability of channel reciprocity which aids in avoiding feedback overhead. However, frequency division duplex (FDD) protocol still dominates the current wireless standards and the provision of angle reciprocity aids in reducing this overhead. The challenge of providing a scalable cell-free massive MIMO system in FDD setting is also prevalent, since computational complexity regarding signal processing tasks such as channel estimation, precoding/combining and power allocation, becomes prohibitively high with increase in number of UEs. In this work, we consider an FDD based scalable cell-free network with angular reciprocity and dynamic cooperation clustering approach. We have proposed scalability for our FDD cell-free and perform comparative analysis with reference to channel estimation, power allocation and precoding/combining techniques. We present expressions for scalable spectral efficiency, angle based precoding/combining schemes and provide comparison of overhead between conventional and scalable angle based estimation as well as combining schemes. Simulations confirm that the proposed scalable cell-free network based on FDD scheme outperforms the conventional matched filtering scheme based on non-scalable precoding/combiming schemes. The angle based LP-MMSE in FDD cell-free network provides 14.3% improvement in spectral efficiency and 11.11% improvement in energy efficiency compared to non-scalable MF scheme.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0118.v1

Study on Effect of Drawing Shear Factor on Underground Debris Flow in Natural Caving Method

Xiangdong Niu, Kepeng HOU, Huafen Sun

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: natural caving mining; underground mud-rock flow; drawing shear factor; rheological properties; thixotropic properties; experimental study

Online: 2 June 2023 (05:46:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0135.v1

Predicting Commercial Building Energy Consumption Using a Multivariate Multilayered Long-Short Term Memory Time-Series Model

Tan Ngoc Dinh, Gokul Sidarth Thirunavukkarasu, Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian, Saad Mekhilef, Alex Stojcevski

Subject: Engineering, Energy And Fuel Technology Keywords: Energy consumption prediction; Time-series forecasting; Forecasting Building Energy Consumption; Long Short-Term memory

Online: 2 June 2023 (05:11:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0124.v1

Experimental Research Studies on Seismic Behaviour of Confined Masonry Structures: Current Status and Future Needs

Juan Jose Perez Gavilán, Svetlana Brzev, Eric Fernando Espinosa Cazarin, Sara Ganzerli, Daniel Quiun, Matthew T Reiter

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: confined masonry; seismic behaviour; experimental database; in-plane shear behaviour; in-plane flexural behaviour; out-of-plane seismic effects

Online: 2 June 2023 (04:10:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0094.v1

Investigation the Effect of Design Parameters on Air Tightness with Examples of Balikesir Houses

Mustafa Serhan Ünlütürk, Türkan Göksal Özbalta

Subject: Engineering, Architecture, Building And Construction Keywords: Building envelope; airtightness; energy efficiency; residential buildings

Online: 1 June 2023 (13:32:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0092.v1

Uncovering Bias in Objective Mapping and Subjective Perception of Urban Building Functionality: A Machine Learning Approach to Urban Spatial Perception

Jiaxin Zhang, Zhilin Yu, Yunqin Li, Xueqiang Wang

Subject: Engineering, Architecture, Building And Construction Keywords: Urban spatial perception; building function classification; objective mapping; subjective perception; machine learning; point of interest (POI); street view images

Online: 1 June 2023 (13:07:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0081.v1

Synthetic MRI Generation from CT Scans for Stroke Patients

Jake McNaughton, Samantha Holdsworth, Ben Chong, Justin Fernandez, Vickie Shim, Alan Wang

Subject: Engineering, Bioengineering Keywords: Deep Learning; Image Synthesis; Image Generation; Machine Learning; Medical Imaging; CT to MRI; Synthetic MRI; Stroke; Image-to-image Translation

Online: 1 June 2023 (11:30:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0073.v1

10-Port MIMO Inverted-F Antenna for LTE Bands 42/43/48/49 Bands Smartphone Applications

Muhammad Zahid, Aliya Khalid, Hira Moazzam, Hajra Sadaqat, Sultan Shoaib, Yasar Amin

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: Antenna for handset; m-MIMO; sub-6 GHz; LTE bands 42/43/48/49; Future Generation

Online: 1 June 2023 (08:57:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0072.v1

A Micro-hotplate-based Oven-controlled System used to Improve the Frequency Stability of MEMS Resonators

Tianren Feng, Duli Yu, Bo Wu, Hui Wang

Subject: Engineering, Industrial And Manufacturing Engineering Keywords: resonators; OCMR; hotplate; temperature control; MEMS devices

Online: 1 June 2023 (08:52:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0069.v1

Reliability Testing of a Low-Cost Arduino-Based Multipurpose Data Logger Deployed in Several Applications Such as Outdoor Air Quality, Human Activity, Motion and Exhaust Gas Monitoring

Erik Hernández Rodríguez, Rosa Amalia González Rivero, Olivier Schalm, Alain Laguardia Martínez, Luis Hernández Santana, Daniellys Alejo Sánchez, Tim Janssens, Werner Jacobs

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: Arduino; data logger; reliability; monitoring; sensors; custom expansion shield

Online: 1 June 2023 (08:42:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0064.v1

Reconstructing the Global Stress of Marine Structures Based on Artificial Intelligence

Tao Zhang, Jiajun Hu, Erkan Oterkus, Selda Oterkus, Xueliang Wang, Zhentao Jiang, Guocai Chen

Subject: Engineering, Marine Engineering Keywords: n/a; ship and Ocean Engineering; Marine Structures; Global Stress; Artificial Intelligence; structure health monitoring (SHM)

Online: 1 June 2023 (08:23:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0052.v1

Comparative Evaluation of Machine Learning Models for Predicting Soccer Injury Types

Davronbek Malikov, Jaeho Kim

Subject: Engineering, Other Keywords: Soccer; data analysis; soccer injury type; classification machine learning models

Online: 1 June 2023 (07:37:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0044.v1

Adaptively Lightweight Spatiotemporal Information Extraction Operator-Based DL Method for Aero-Engine RUL Prediction

Junren Shi, Jun Gao, Sheng Xiang

Subject: Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Keywords: RUL prediction; spatiotemporal information, aero-engine, deep learning

Online: 1 June 2023 (07:17:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0027.v1

Discontinuous PWM Strategy with Frequency Modulation for Vibration Reduction in Asynchronous Machines

Antonio Ruiz-Gonzalez, Juan-Ramon Heredia-Larrubia, Francisco M. Perez-Hidalgo, Mario Jesus Meco-Gutierrez

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: Induction motors; multilevel inverters; vibrations; PWM techniques

Online: 1 June 2023 (04:45:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0025.v1

Structural Assessment Based on Vibration Measurement Test Combined With an Artificial Neural Network for the Steel Truss Bridge

Minh Quang Tran, Hélder S Sousa, Thuc V Ngo, Binh Duc Nguyen, Quyền Nguyễn, Huan X Nguyen, Edward Baron, José Matos, Son Ngoc DANG

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: ANN; FEM; damage assessment; structural health monitoring; steel truss bridge

Online: 1 June 2023 (04:38:41 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0019.v1

Infrared Waves and Microwaves Applied to Greenhouse Agriculture

Francesco Cepolina, Francesco Silenzi, Leonardo Cirillo, Corrado Schenone, Matteo Zoppi

Subject: Engineering, Energy And Fuel Technology Keywords: sustainable agriculture; greenhouse; innovative heating; infrared; microwaves

Online: 1 June 2023 (03:47:05 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1565.v2

Re-think Data Strategy and Integration for Artificial Intelligence: Concepts, Opportunities and Challenges

Abdulaziz Aldoseri, Khalifa N Al-Khalifa, Abdelmagid S. Hamouda

Subject: Engineering, Industrial And Manufacturing Engineering Keywords: Data Strategies and learning approaches; Challenges and Opportunities; Artificial Intelligence

Online: 1 June 2023 (03:37:17 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0006.v1

Recent Progress in Self-Powered Sensor Based on Liquid-Solid Triboelectric Nanogenerator

Quang Tan Nguyen, Duy Linh Vu, Chau Duy Le, Kyoung Kwan Ahn

Subject: Engineering, Energy And Fuel Technology Keywords: Self-powered sensor; flexibility sensor; triboelectric nanogenerator; liquid-solid interface; active sensor; chemical sensor.

Online: 1 June 2023 (03:01:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2259.v1

Planning and Evaluation of Nuclear-Renewable Hybrid Energy Penetration for Marine and Waterfront Applications

Hossam A.Gabbar, Otavio Lopes Alves Esteves

Subject: Engineering, Energy And Fuel Technology Keywords: Marine Vessels; Nuclear-Renewable Hybrid Energy Systems; Waterfront Applications, Seaports, Hydrogen Production, Energy Efficiency.

Online: 31 May 2023 (14:02:36 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2255.v1

A Feasibility Study on Making Polylactic acid (PLA) Polymers by Using Spent Coffee Ground

Shu-lun Mak, M. Y. T. Wu, W.Y Chak, W. K. Kwong, W. F. Tang, C. H. Lee, C.C. Lee, C.Y. Li

Subject: Engineering, Industrial And Manufacturing Engineering Keywords: recycling of spent coffee grounds; lactic acid production; polylactic acid

Online: 31 May 2023 (13:19:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2252.v1

CO₂ Injection for Enhanced Gas Recovery and Geo-Storage in Complex Tight Sandstone Gas Reservoirs

Linqiang Zhang, Tongzhou Bai, Qibin Zhao, Xinghua Zhang, Hanlie Cheng, Zhao Li

Subject: Engineering, Other Keywords: Tight sandstone; CO2-storage; Enhanced oil recovery; Numerical simulation

Online: 31 May 2023 (13:14:15 CEST)

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With the popularization of natural gas and the requirements for environmental protection, the development and utilization of natural gas is particularly important. The status of natural gas in China's oil and gas exploration and development is constantly improving, and the country is paying more and more attention to the exploitation and utilization of natural gas. The Upper Paleozoic tight sandstone in the Ordos Basin is characterized by low porosity, low permeability and large area of concealed gas reservoirs. By injecting CO2 into the formation, the recovery of natural gas can be improved, and at the same time, the stable storage of CO2 can be achieved to achieve a win-win situation of CO2 emission reduction and utilization. Injecting greenhouse gas CO2 into gas reservoirs for storage and improving recovery has also become a hot research issue. In order to improve the recovery efficiency of tight sandstone gas reservoir, this paper takes the complex tight sandstone of Upper Paleozoic in Ordos Basin as the research object, through indoor physical simulation experiments, carried out the influence of displacement rate, fracture dip angle, core permeability, core dryness and wetness on CO2 gas displacement efficiency and storage efficiency, and analyzed the influence of different factors on CO2 gas displacement efficiency and storage efficiency to improve the recovery and storage efficiency. The research results show that under different conditions, when the CO2 injection pore volume is less than 1PV, the relationship between the CH4 recovery rate and the CO2 injection pore volume is linear, and the tilt angle is 45 °. When the CO2 injection pore volume exceeds 1PV, the CH4 recovery rate increases slightly with the increase of displacement speed, the recovery rate of CO2 displacement CH4 is between 87% - 97%, and the CO2 breakthrough time is 0.7PV-0.9PV. In low-permeability and low-speed displacement cores, the diffusion of CO2 molecules is more significant. The lower the displacement speed is, the earlier the breakthrough time of CO2 is, and the final recovery of CH4 slightly decreases. Gravity has a great impact on CO2 storage and enhanced recovery. The breakthrough of high injection and low recovery of CO2 is earlier, and the recovery of CH4 is about 3.3% lower than that of low injection and high recovery. The bound water makes the displacement phase CO2 partially dissolved in the formation water, and the CO2 breakthrough lags about 0.1PV. Ultimately, CH4 recovery factor and CO2 storage rate are higher than those of dry core displacement. The research results provide theoretical data support for CO2 injection to improve recovery and storage efficiency in complex tight sandstone gas reservoirs.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2236.v1

Flash Distillation Process for Stabilization of Anaerobic Digestate and Synthesis of Ammonium Bicarbonate

Alejandro Moure Abelenda, Farid Aiouache

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Circular economy; greenhouse gas; carbon capture; endogenous striping agents; biogas upgrading; slow-release fertilizer

Online: 31 May 2023 (11:27:31 CEST)

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With the current increase in the demand from animal and agricultural products, management of agrowaste has become critical to avoid greenhouse gas emissions. The present article investigates the applicability of ammonium bicarbonate synthesis via flash distillation to valorize and stabilize several types of anaerobic digestate produced from individual fermentations of amino acids. Prior to the development of the model in Aspen Plus v12, the description of the system aqua-ammonia-carbon dioxide provided by the electrolyte non-random two-liquid property method was validated with empirical data available in the literature. The content of CO₂ in the digestate was found to be responsible of the OH alkalinity (0.4 equivalents of acid/kg digestate), while the partial and total alkalinities (0.8 eq/kg digestate) were essentially derived from the content of NH₃. The most suitable conditions for the flash distillation were 95 ⁰C and 1 bar with the condensation occurring at 25 ⁰C. However, in order to attain the precipitation of NH₄HCO₃ in the distillate, it was necessary to consider digestates with a moisture content of 50 wt.%, since the minimum levels of inorganic nitrogen and inorganic carbon were not attained otherwise. Even under these conditions, few amino acids (i.e. arginine, glycine, and histidine) were able to provide an anaerobic digestate, upon fermentation, that would be suitable for NH₄HCO₃ stabilization. Despite alanine digestate and glutamine digestate presented sufficient concentrations of inorganic nitrogen and inorganic carbon, the NH₄HCO₃-stabilization was not feasible due to the limited volatilization of NH₃. The process of stabilization with a capacity of a tonne of digestate per hour was improved by adding hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide at rates 44 kg/h, leading to production of 34 kg NH₄HCO₃/h. The economic viability of this process needs to be investigated considering not only the market value of the isolated inorganic fertilizer but the carbon credits saved, resulting from handling a more stabilized organic manure. Furthermore, given the role of the volatile elements of the biogas as endogenous stripping agents, it is recommended to use a fresh and saturated digestate as feed for the flash distillation.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2233.v1

Influence of Manufacturing Process Modularity on Lead Time Performances and Complexity

Vladimir Modrak, Zuzana Soltysova

Subject: Engineering, Industrial And Manufacturing Engineering Keywords: process design; modularity; complexity; manufacturing lead time; simulation

Online: 31 May 2023 (11:05:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2232.v1

A Simplified Silty Sand Model

Nopanom Kaewhanam, Krit Chaimoon

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: clean sand; silty sand; elastoplastic model; critical state model; critical state line; simple model; three-dimensional stress

Online: 31 May 2023 (11:02:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2224.v1

Dynamic Fitting Strategy for Physiological Models: A Case Study of Cardiorespiratory Model for Simulation of Incremental Aerobic Exercise

Carlos Andrés Sarmiento, Alher Mauricio Hernández, Leidy Yanet Serna, Miguel Ángel Mañanas

Subject: Engineering, Bioengineering Keywords: Cardiorespiratory system; Computer simulation; Mathematical model; Parameter estimation; Predictive models

Online: 31 May 2023 (10:40:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2219.v1

Determination of Safety-oriented Pavement Friction Performance Ratings at Network Level Using a Hybrid Clustering Algorithm

Jieyi Bao, Yi Jiang, Shuo Li

Subject: Engineering, Transportation Science And Technology Keywords: pavement friction rating; network level; road safety attributes; hybrid clustering; density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN); Gaussian mixture model (GMM); Chi-square test

Online: 31 May 2023 (10:38:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2200.v1

Comparing Enhanced Models for Evaluating Economic Impact of Airports

Ivaciane de Quadra Magalhães, Anderson Ribeiro Correia, Michelle Carvalho Galvão da Silva Pinto Bandeira, Mauro Zackiewicz, Luiz Antonio Tozi

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Economic Impacts of Airports; Airport Investments; Input-output analysis; Data Science

Online: 31 May 2023 (08:31:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2195.v1

A Novel Programming Circuit for Memristors

Shengtao Tu, Jinyu Li, Yanyun Ren, Qin Jiang, Shisheng Xiong

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: memristor; memristor programmer circuit; multi-level memristance; memristor crossbar

Online: 31 May 2023 (08:20:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2197.v1

Experimental Study on the Performance and Emission Characteristics of the Diesel Engine Fueled with Tung Oil-based Biodiesel Blends

Zhiyue Mu, Jianqin Fu, Feng Zhou, Kainan Yuan, Juan Yu, Dan Huang, Zhuangping Cui, Xiongbo Duan, Jianping Liu

Subject: Engineering, Energy And Fuel Technology Keywords: Biodiesel; Tung oil; Diesel engine; Performance; Exhaust emissions

Online: 31 May 2023 (08:19:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2194.v1

Research on the Distributed Propeller Slipstream Effect of UAV Wing Based on the Actuator Disk Method

Mingzhi Cao, Kun Liu, Chunqiang Wang, Jingbo Wei, Zijie Qin

Subject: Engineering, Aerospace Engineering Keywords: Distributed electric propulsion; Wing–propeller interaction; Actuator disk method; Genetic algorithm optimization

Online: 31 May 2023 (08:12:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2191.v1

Triggering Magnets for Wiegand Sensor by Electrodeposited and Origami Magnetized CoNiP Micro-magnets

Ganesh Kotnana, Yun Cheng, Chiao-Chi Lin

Subject: Engineering, Other Keywords: Wiegand sensor; electrodeposited magnets; microfabrication; origami magnetization; pole pieces; trigging field; Wiegand pulse

Online: 31 May 2023 (07:52:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2188.v1

Predicting the Effect of Surface Waviness on Fatigue Life of a Wire + Arc Additive Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

Muhammad Shamir, Xiang Zhang, Abdul Khadar Syed, Wayne Sadler

Subject: Engineering, Aerospace Engineering Keywords: WAAM; surface waviness; fatigue; bending test; durability; fracture mechanics

Online: 31 May 2023 (07:47:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2181.v1

Energetic Impact of Reconstructed Debris Flow on the Intensity and Duration of Growth Disturbances of Tree Rings by Numerical Simulation and Remote Sensing

Xueliang Wang, Juanjuan Sun, Yong Zhang, Qisong Jiao, Shengwen Qi, Ran Wang, Haiyang Liu, Mengjie Zhang

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: debris flow simulation; remote sensing; tree ring; Massflow; northeastern Tibet

Online: 31 May 2023 (07:29:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2176.v1

About the Combination of Cross-Correlation Analysis and Ultrasonic-GW Tomographic Technique for BVID Impact Detection Capability Assessment

Monica Ciminello, Natalino Daniele Boffa, Salvatore Ameduri, Ernesto Monaco

Subject: Engineering, Aerospace Engineering Keywords: Composite structures; Structural health monitoring; Cross-correlation analysis; Guided waves; Piezoelectric sensors

Online: 31 May 2023 (07:09:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2175.v1

The Effect of Process Conditions on Sulfuric Acid Leaching of Manganese Sludge

Jafar Safarian, Ariel Skaug Eini, Markus Antonius Elinsønn Pedersen, Shokouh Haghdani

Subject: Engineering, Metallurgy And Metallurgical Engineering Keywords: manganese; sludge; zinc; lead; potassium; sulfuric acid; ferromanganese; submerged arc furnace; kinetics; manganese carbonate

Online: 31 May 2023 (07:05:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2163.v1

Real Time Deployment of MobileNetV3 Model in Edge Computing Devices Using Rgb Color Images for Varietal Classification of Chickpea

Dhritiman Saha, Meetkumar Pareshbhai Mangukia, Manickavasagan Annamalai

Subject: Engineering, Bioengineering Keywords: chickpea; convolutional neural network; transfer learning; classification

Online: 31 May 2023 (03:32:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2160.v1

Wavelet Analysis of Respiratory Muscle sEMG Signals During the Physiological Breakpoint of Static Dry End-Expiratory Breath-Holding in Naive Apneists: A Pilot Study

Nataša Ž. Mišić, Mirko Ostojić, Saša Cvetković, Petar Miodragović, Zdravko Aničić, Anita Popović, Đorđe Stefanović

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: breath-holding; hypoxia; hypercapnia; involuntary breathing movement; muscle fiber subtypes; heart rate variability; wavelet analysis; multiresolution analysis

Online: 31 May 2023 (02:41:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2156.v1

On IRS-Assisted Covert Communication with a Friendly UAV

Xiaobei Xu, Linzi Hu, Sha Wei, Yuwen Qian, Shihao Yan, Feng Shu, Jun Li

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: information security; covert communication; intelligent reflectors surface; UAV

Online: 30 May 2023 (13:53:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2137.v1

Complete Bifurcation Analysis of the Vilnius Chaotic Oscillator

Aleksandrs Ipatovs, Iheanacho Chukwuma Victor, Dmitrijs Pikulins, Sergejs Tjukovs, Anna Litvinenko

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: Chaotic Oscillator; Bifurcations; Robust Chaos

Online: 30 May 2023 (12:24:25 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2135.v1

Effect of Process Parameters on Friction Stir Welded Joints Between Dissimilar Aluminum Alloys: A Review

Guido Di Bella, Federica Favaloro, Chiara Borsellino

Subject: Engineering, Industrial And Manufacturing Engineering Keywords: FSW; Joining; Aluminum

Online: 30 May 2023 (12:18:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2128.v1

Effect of Temperature and Molarity on the Bio-Oil Yield and Quality by Pyrolysis of açaí Seeds (Euterpe Oleraceae, Mart.) Activated With KOH

Flávio Pinheiro Valois, Gerson Valdez Daniel, Kelly Christina Alves Bezerra, Fernanda Paula da Costa Assunção, Sammy Jonatan Bremer, Lucas Pinto Bernar, Simone Patrícia Aranha Da Paz, Marcelo Costa Santos, Waldeci Paraguassu Feio, Renan Marcelo Pereira Silva, Neyson Martins Mendonça, Douglas Alberto Rocha De Castro, Sergio Duvoisin Junior, Marta Chagas Monteiro, Nélio Teixeira Machado

Subject: Engineering, Energy And Fuel Technology Keywords: Açaí seeds; Chemical activation; Pyrolysis; Acidity, Liquid hydrocarbons

Online: 30 May 2023 (11:32:23 CEST)

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This study explores the impact of temperature and molarity in the pyrolysis of Açaí seeds (Euterpe Oleraceae, Mart.) activated with KOH on the yield of bio-oil, hydrocarbon content of bio-oil, and chemical composition of aqueous phase. The experiments were carried out at 350, 400, and 450 °C and 1.0 atmosphere, with 2.0 M KOH, and at 450 °C and 1.0 atmosphere, with 0.5 M, 1.0 M and 2.0 M KOH, in laboratory scale. The composition of bio-oils and aqueous phase determined by GC-MS, while the acid value, a physico-chemical property of fundamental importance in bio-fuels, of bio-oils and aqueous phases by AOCS methods. The solid phase (biochar) characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The diffractograms identified the presence of Kalicinite (KHCO3) in biochar, and those higher temperatures favor the formation peaks of Kalicinite (KHCO3). The pyrolysis of Açaí seeds activated with KOH show bio-oil yields from 3.19 to 6.79 (wt.%), aqueous phase yields between 20.34 and 25.57 (wt.%), solid phase yields (coke) between 33.40 and 43.37 (wt.%), and gas yields from 31.85 to 34.45 (wt.%). The yield of bio-oil shows a smooth exponential increase with temperature. The acidity of bio-oil varied between 12.3 and 257.6 mgKOH/g, decreasing exponentially with temperature, while that of aqueous phase between 17.9 and 118.9 mgKOH/g, showing and exponential decay behavior with temperature, demonstrating that higher temperatures favor not only the yield of bio-oil but also bio-oils with lower acidity. For the experiments with KOH activation, the GC-MS of bio-oil identified the presence of hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes, cycloalkanes, cycloalkenes, and aromatics) and oxygenates (carboxylic acids, phenols, ketones, and esters). The concentration of hydrocarbons varied between 10.19 to 25.71 (area.%), increasing with temperature, while that of oxygenates from 52.69 to 72.15 (area.%), decreasing with temperature. For the experiments with constant temperature, the concentrations of hydrocarbons in bio-oil increase exponentially with molarity, while those of oxygenates decrease exponentially, showing that higher molarities favor the formation of hydrocarbons in bio-oil. Finally, it can be concluded that chemical activation of Açaí seeds with KOH favors the not only the yield of bio-oil but also the content of hydrocarbons. The study of process variables is of utmost importance in order to clearly assess reaction mechanisms, economic viability and design goals that could be derived from chemically activated biomass pyrolysis processes.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2123.v1

Lagrange-Kirchhoff Model for curvature of Circular Silicon Plate, Annular Silicon Plate and Taiko Silicon Plate

Antonio Landi

Subject: Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Keywords: Taiko wafer deformation

Online: 30 May 2023 (11:18:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2121.v1

Analysis of Isotropic Rectangular Kirchhoff Plates with Two Opposite Edges Clamped Using the Flexibility Method and a Modified Lévy Solution

Valentin Fogang

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Isotropic rectangular Kirchhoff plate; opposite edges clamped; flexibility method; force method; Lévy solution; Fourier sine series

Online: 30 May 2023 (11:12:26 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2119.v1

Innovation Ecosystem in Hydrocarbon-Based Economies: Opportunities and Challenges

Ahmed Al-Sulaiti, Iman T. Madhoun, Galal M. Abdella, Abdel Magid Hamouda, Hussein Al-Yafei

Subject: Engineering, Industrial And Manufacturing Engineering Keywords: Innovation Ecosystem; Technology Innovation; Entrepreneurship; Hydrocarbon-Based Economies; Innovation Systems

Online: 30 May 2023 (11:00:58 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2116.v1

Mucus Perspective to Conduct the Molecular Concertation in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Lorenzo Sardelli, Lucia Boeri, Giuseppe Guagliano, Marta Merli, Francesco Briatico Vangosa, Paola Petrini

Subject: Engineering, Bioengineering Keywords: dysbiosis; rheology; mucosal barrier; autoimmune; microbiota

Online: 30 May 2023 (10:40:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2110.v1

Research on the Device of Micro Droplet PCR in Microfluidic Chip Based on Constant Pressure Regulation

Luyang Duanmu, Yuanhua Yu, Xiangkai Meng

Subject: Engineering, Control And Systems Engineering Keywords: Constant Pressure Regulation; Micro droplet Digital PCR; Fluorescence Detection; Quantitative Detection

Online: 30 May 2023 (10:31:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2108.v1

Durability Evaluation of Hydraulic Tunnel Lining Structure Based on Set-Pair Analysis and Extension Coupling Model

Qingfu Li, Zhuangzhuang Luo, Whenchao Jin

Subject: Engineering, Safety, Risk, Reliability And Quality Keywords: set-pair analysis; extension theory; lining structure; durability evaluation; G1 method; simple correlation function method

Online: 30 May 2023 (10:18:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2105.v1

Bending Analysis of Stepped Rectangular Plates Resting on Elastic Half-Space Foundation

Jian Wu, Jinpeng Zhang, Xue Li

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Stepped rectangular plate; thin plate theory; moderately thick plate theory; static; bending performance

Online: 30 May 2023 (10:06:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2100.v1

Expectations for Bioenergy considering Carbon Neutrality Tar-Gets in the EU

Svetlana Proskurina, Clara Lisseth Mendoza Martinez

Subject: Engineering, Energy And Fuel Technology Keywords: European Union; renewable energy; bioenergy; woody biomass; carbon neutrality

Online: 30 May 2023 (09:44:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2098.v1

A Design of Tree Micro Drill Instrument to Improve the Accuracy of Wood Density Measurement

Jianfeng Yao, Zhenyang Wu, Yili Zheng, Benqiang Rao, Zhuofan Li, Yunchao Hu, Bolin Nie

Subject: Engineering, Control And Systems Engineering Keywords: Resistograph; wood density; micro drill resistance; linear model; micro destructive measurement

Online: 30 May 2023 (09:35:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2097.v1

Tribocorrosion Susceptibility and Cell Viability Study of 316L Stainless Steel and Ti₆Al₄V Titanium Alloy With and Without DLC Coatings

Ana Claudia Alves Sene, Michely Glenda Pereira Da Silva, Paulo Fabrício Macário, Angela Aparecida Vieira, Priscila Maria Sarmeiro Correa Marciano Leite, Newton Soares Da Silva, Francisco Das Chagas Marques, Lúcia Vieira

Subject: Engineering, Bioengineering Keywords: Cell viability; cytotoxicity; DLC coatings; genotoxicity; Tribocorrosion; Ti6Al4V; SS316L

Online: 30 May 2023 (09:29:55 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2081.v1

H–H Configuration of Modular EV Powertrain System Based on the Dual Three-Phase BLDC Motor and Battery-Supercapacitor Power Supply System

Ihor Shchur, Valentyn Turkovskyi

Subject: Engineering, Transportation Science And Technology Keywords: electric vehicle; modular approach; powertrain system; dual-three phase BLDC motor; battery; supercapacitor; hybrid energy storage system (HESS); energy management system (EMS)

Online: 30 May 2023 (08:16:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2080.v1

Technical Feasibility of Multimodal Imaging in Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy from Ovine Model to Human Case Series

Brian Hagan, Radhika Mujumdar, Jagdish P. Sahoo, Abhijit Das, Anirban Dutta

Subject: Engineering, Bioengineering Keywords: hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy; electroencephalogram; near-infrared spectroscopy; neurovascular coupling; experimental modal analysis

Online: 30 May 2023 (08:12:44 CEST)

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Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) secondary to perinatal asphyxia occurs when the brain does not receive enough oxygen and blood. A surrogate marker for ‘intact survival’ is necessary for the successful management of HIE. The severity of HIE can be classified based on clinical presentation, including presence of seizures, using a clinical classification scale called Sarnat staging; however, Sarnat staging is subjective and the score changes over time. Furthermore, seizures are difficult to detect clinically and are associated with a poor prognosis. Therefore, a tool for continuous monitoring on the cot side is necessary, for example, electroencephalogram (EEG) that non-invasively measures the electrical activity of the brain from the scalp. Then, multimodal brain imaging, when combined with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), can capture the neurovascular coupling (NVC) status. In this study, we first tested the feasibility of a low-cost EEG-fNIRS imaging system to differentiate between normal, hypoxic, and ictal states in a perinatal ovine hypoxia model. Here, the objective was to evaluate a portable cot side device and autoregressive (ARX) modelling to capture the perinatal ovine brain states during a simulated HIE injury. So, ARX parameters were tested with a linear classifier using a single differential channel EEG, with varying states of tissue oxygenation detected using fNIRS, to label simulated HIE states in a perinatal ovine hypoxia model. Then, we showed the technical feasibility of the low-cost EEG-fNIRS device and ARX modeling with support vector machine classification for a human HIE case series with and without sepsis. The classifier trained with the ovine hypoxia data labelled ten severe HIE human cases (with and without sepsis) as “hypoxia” group and the four moderate HIE human cases as the “control” group. Furthermore, we showed the feasibility of experimental modal analysis (EMA) based on the ARX model to investigate the NVC dynamics using EEG-fNIRS joint-imaging data that differentiated six severe HIE human cases without sepsis from four severe HIE human cases with sepsis. In conclusion, our study showed the technical feasibility of EEG-fNIRS imaging, ARX modeling of NVC for HIE classification, and EMA that may provide a biomarker to detect sepsis effects on the NVC in HIE.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2071.v1

Application of Classification and Stage Evacuation in Station-city Integration Building: A Case Study of Chongqing East Station

Dan Ding, Wenbin Wei, Longlong Yang

Subject: Engineering, Architecture, Building And Construction Keywords: station-city integration; Chongqing East station; combined construction; Evacuation (quasi) safety zone

Online: 30 May 2023 (07:52:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2062.v1

Influence of Metal Magnesium Addition on Detonation Initiation in Shock Wave Focusing

Yu-Peng Hu, Yun-Tian Zhang, Peng Du, Rui Xue, Yi-Jun Wang, Ben-Quan Zhou

Subject: Engineering, Aerospace Engineering Keywords: Magnesium particle; Shock wave focusing; Detonation wave; DDT

Online: 30 May 2023 (07:11:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2061.v1

Carbon Storage in Timber Buildings: LCA from Cradle-To-Handover Approach for GHG Emissions Mitigation

Giacomo Di Ruocco, Angela Gaita

Subject: Engineering, Architecture, Building And Construction Keywords: Life Cycle Assessment; GHG emissions; timber buildings; carbon storage; green buildings

Online: 30 May 2023 (07:07:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2060.v1

Reduction of Power Losses and Voltage Improvement in a Smart Grid Incorporated with Electric Vehicles

Mlungisi Ntombela, Kabeya Musasa

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: electric vehicles; reduction of power loss; voltage profile improvement; optimization algorithms; and power network optimization

Online: 30 May 2023 (07:05:06 CEST)

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Concern about the planet's future has motivated governments around the world to adopt policies that promote more responsible energy consumption. Reducing emissions of the principal cause of climate change man-made greenhouse gases requires greater system efficiency and the utilization of renewable energy sources. The generation of electricity is the single largest source of hazardous pollutants, followed by the transportation sector. This is true due to the extreme reliance on petroleum and its derivatives that these industries have. Electric mobility is receiving more attention from businesses, governments, and academic institutions as a means to reduce the negative impacts of current energy consumption. Without measures to address common technical issues, electric vehicles would strain electrical infrastructure. In order to determine the best strategy for switching operations and feeder reconfiguration, this research presents a helpful hybrid genetic algorithm particle swarm optimization (HGAPSO) method. Meet transmission limits while decreasing real power losses and enhancing the system's bus voltage profile. The effects of HGAPSO on power losses and voltage distributions in the network are analyzed. Then, a report is produced contrasting GA and PSO. This cross-breeding of GA and PSO led to HGAPSO. This important problem can be solved more effectively with the use of new or improved algorithms. To find the optimal reconfiguration and properly rearrange transmission network interconnection, it employs a plethora of heuristic optimization algorithms. The objective is to limit bus voltage variations while maintaining the system's radial topology and minimizing power usage. The reliability and performance of the procedure were evaluated using MATLAB's IEEE 33-bus communication network. The outcomes demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique, which cuts down on power waste during standalone runs and speeds up the processing time.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2056.v1

A Brief Review on Nonlinear Photonic Crystals Induced by Direct Femtosecond Laser Writing

Yaolan Tian, Qingbo Li, Lili Yan, Xiangdong Cao, Xian Zhao

Subject: Engineering, Other Keywords: Direct femtosecond laser inscription/writing; Second-order nonlinearity erasing/poling; 10 QPM; NPCs; SHG

Online: 30 May 2023 (05:35:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2042.v1

Correlative Method for Diagnosing Gas-Turbine Tribological Systems

Maciej Deliś, Sylwester Kłysz, Radoslaw Przysowa

Subject: Engineering, Aerospace Engineering Keywords: wear debris; oil analysis; emission spectroscopy; turboprop; propeller governor; ANOVA; interaction analysis; condition indicator

Online: 30 May 2023 (04:36:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2040.v1

Optimal Location of Facts Devices in IEEE 14 Bus System Using Ga and Deiwo

M CHETHAN, RAVI K

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: Genetic algorithm; voltage sensitivity indices; loss sensitivity indices; voltage profiles; reactive power; active power; Differential evolution invasive weed optimization

Online: 30 May 2023 (04:32:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1449.v2

Design and Analysis of a Typical Vertical Pressure Vessel using ASME Code and FEA Technique

Kristaq Hazizi, Mohammad Ghaleeh

Subject: Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Keywords: pressure vessel:; ASME code; optimum design; working pressure; structural analysis; finite element method; autodesk inventor professional

Online: 30 May 2023 (03:04:41 CEST)

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As the demand for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) continues to increase worldwide, more LPG facilities are being constructed. However, the design and manufacture of pressure vessels used to store dangerous liquids or pressurised fluids, such as LPG, has been a major cause of hazards, including explosions and leakage. In this study, we aim to address this issue by designing and analysing a vertical pressure vessel with a capacity of 10 m3 of pressurised LPG in accordance with the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) code. Safety is the primary concern in designing pressure vessels due to the potential risks posed by accidents. Therefore, the main objective of this project is to design a pressure vessel that is safe from failure. The vessel is cylindrical with two elliptical heads, two nozzles, a manway and four leg supports, and we used Autodesk Inventor Professional 2023 for geometric modelling and Inventor Nastran for FEA analysis. To investigate the displacements, deflections and Von-Mises stresses in the pressure vessel, we used the finite element method, and Autodesk Inventor Nastran was employed for the analysis. Our results showed that changes to the structure of the pressure vessel were needed to reduce stress in the structure. Specifically, the displacement showed an inverse relationship with the tank section shell thickness. Moreover, we observed that the factor of safety increased linearly with shell thickness. We carefully considered permissible pressures and determined the required wall thickness to ensure acceptable maximum stresses. Our results indicate that the design is safe from failure, and the highest stresses are experienced by the manway followed by the shell, while the heads, nozzles and legs support experienced the lowest stresses. We also performed a theoretical calculation for the entire model and checked the results to ensure they were within the acceptable limits. In summary, our study highlights the importance of designing pressure vessels in accordance with ASME codes to ensure safety and prevent hazards caused by improper design and manufacturing. By using the finite element method, we identified potential stress points in the pressure vessel and were able to make modifications to improve its safety.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2018.v1

Tribocorrosion Behaviour of γ’-Fe4N Nitride Layer Formed on Mild Steel by Plasma Nitriding in Chloride Containing Solution

Yong Sun, Richard Bailey

Subject: Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Keywords: nitriding; iron nitride; wear; corrosion; tribocorrosion; mild steel

Online: 29 May 2023 (13:51:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2010.v1

Implementing a Prototype Autonomous Fire Detecting and Firefighting Robot

Joseph Azeta, Idowu Ayoade, Cosmas Nwakanma, Timileyin Akande

Subject: Engineering, Control And Systems Engineering Keywords: Autonomous Robot; Firefighting Robot; Intelligent Robot; Fire Detection

Online: 29 May 2023 (12:34:10 CEST)

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