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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1262.v1

Plant-Powered Plates: A Life Cycle Assessment of Plant-Based Meats in Tackling Climate Change

Meshach Tang, Taghi Miri, Fakhteh Soltani, Helen Onyeaka, Zainab T. Al-Sharify

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: life cycle assessment; plant-based meat analogue; greenhouse gas emissions; soy protein isolate; beef burger

Online: 18 April 2024 (14:04:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1006.v1

CH4 Adsorption in Wet Metal-Organic Frameworks Under Gas Hydrate Formation Conditions Using Large Reactor

Jyoti Shanker Pandey, Nehir Öncü, Nicolas Von Solms

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Metal Organic Framework; high pressure isotherms; gas hydrates; CH4 storage

Online: 16 April 2024 (09:23:44 CEST)

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Nanoporous materials, such as Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), are renowned for their high selectivity as gas adsorbents due to their specific surface area, nanoporosity, and active surface chemistry. A significant challenge for their widespread application is their behavior and reduced gas uptake in wet conditions, attributed to competitive adsorption between gas and water. The current understanding of gas adsorption in wet materials is constrained by studies that utilize only small amounts of powdered porous materials (in the milligram range) within very small reactors (1-5 mL). This leaves a significant gap in knowledge about gas adsorption behaviors in larger reactors and when MOF sample sizes are increased (to the gram scale) for scaling up the process. Additionally, there is a notable dearth of experimental research in situations where MOFs are heavily saturated with water. To address these gaps, this study measures CH4 adsorption in MOFs under conditions of high moisture content, using larger samples of MOFs (in grams) and a large volume reactor. We selected commercially available MOFs, including HKUST-1, ZIF-8, MOF-303, and activated carbon. A high-pressure isotherms (at T = 274.15 K) using volumetric approach were measured to qualitatively compare the moles of gas adsorbed under both dry and wet conditions across different MOFs and weights. Experimental results show that the presence of water led to a decrease in total CH4 mmol adsorption in MOFs, with a more significant decrease observed in hydrophilic MOFs compared to hydrophobic ones. For hydrophilic MOFs, presence of crossover isotherms at crossover pressure provided evidence of water's conversion to hydrate and its positive role in enhancing total gas uptake, which varied among different hydrophilic MOFs. Oversaturated MOFs showed a larger deviation between dry and wet cases at higher pressures. The high-pressure isotherm data confirm the positive role of hydrophilic MOFs in the conversion of water to hydrate in oversaturated MOFs when MOFs sample size is large.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0771.v1

Decoupling Interaction for CFD-DEM Simulations of Bubbling Fluidized Bed

Yanggui Li, Heping Wang, Guorong Wu

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: multiphase flow; fluidization; simulation; CFD-DEM

Online: 11 April 2024 (09:26:52 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0442.v1

Intelligent Petroleum Processing: A Short Review on Applying AI/ML to Petroleum Products Optimization

Abdallah Alzahawy, Hayder Issa

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Intelligent petroleum processing; petroleum products optimization; machine learning techniques; gasoline property prediction; process control and operational efficiency

Online: 5 April 2024 (13:18:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0152.v1

Enhancing Lubricating Oil Performance through the Integration of Viscosity Improvers in Mono-Grade and Multi-grade Blends

NNADIKWE JOHNSON, IHEME CHIGOZIE

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Mono-Grade; Multi-Grade; Blends; Temperature; Lubricants; Quality; Product

Online: 2 April 2024 (08:53:06 CEST)

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ABSTRACT Lubricants play a crucial role in reducing friction and wear between surfaces in relative motion. Engine oil, as a lubricant, is specifically designed to minimize friction and wear between the moving parts of different equipment and machinery. Engine oil blending serves the purpose of adjusting the variety of lubricants available to meet specific performance requirements. Through blending, it is possible to tailor the characteristics of the lubricating oil, such as viscosity, stability, and additive content, to optimize its effectiveness in reducing friction, protecting engine components, and enhancing overall equipment performance. By customizing lubricant formulations through blending, manufacturers can address the diverse lubrication needs of modern engines and machinery, ensuring smooth operation, longevity, and efficiency.To enhance the quality of the lubricant and achieve the desired high-performance multi-grade engine oil, a systematic approach was followed. The process began with testing the specific gravity of the oil using a hydrometer and thermometer to ensure accurate measurements. Subsequently, 5 liters of base oil were carefully measured and poured into a stainless steel reactor pot to serve as the blending vessel. Following this, 1 liter of paraffin oil (100N) was added to the base oil to introduce specific properties to the blend. To further optimize the formulation, 0.42 kg (7% of the total blend) of additives, including a selection of specific performance-enhancing compounds, was incorporated. These additives, such as Aspen, Tackifier, and other essential components like anti-wear, corrosion inhibitors, detergents, dispersants, and antioxidants, were meticulously measured and added to the mix. Through this precise blending process, the goal was to craft a high-quality multi-grade engine oil that meets the stringent performance requirements for various operating conditions and equipment types. After the melted Aspen and dissolved tackifier were added to the mixture, thorough stirring was carried out to ensure uniform distribution until a homogeneous blend was achieved. The mixture was then exposed to heat to facilitate the reaction between the base oil and additives, reaching a temperature of 70°C for optimal blending. Subsequently, 0.5 kg of viscosity index improver was introduced into the mixture and stirred continuously for a period of 5 minutes to ensure proper integration. Following this step, 5 grams of dye were carefully added to the mixture, and stirring was continued to evenly disperse the coloring agent throughout the blend. This meticulous process aimed to ensure that all components were effectively incorporated, facilitating the production of a high-quality, customized multi-grade engine oil with enhanced performance characteristics and optimal lubricating properties. After subjecting the mixture to a temperature of 70°C, the heat source was removed, allowing the product to gradually cool down to room temperature, which was estimated to be around 30°C. Following this cooling process, the product underwent a filtration step to remove any residual impurities present in the mixture. A sample of the purified product was then extracted for further analysis. Quality control tests were meticulously carried out on the sample to ensure that the product met the rigorous standards set by the Standard Organization of Nigeria (SON). The results obtained from the quality control tests were highly promising, indicating that the product indeed complied with the stringent specifications outlined by the regulatory body. This adherence to quality standards is essential in ensuring the product's reliability and performance in various applications. The successful outcome of the quality control test underscores the meticulous attention to detail and commitment to excellence in the production process. The rigorous quality control procedures implemented in the analysis of the product highlight the commitment to upholding high standards of quality and safety in the manufacturing process. By consistently meeting and exceeding industry regulations and standards, the product not only demonstrates its reliability but also reflects a dedication to customer satisfaction and product excellence. The adherence to the SON standards showcases a commitment to producing top-quality products that meet the needs and expectations of consumers and industry stakeholders alike.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1781.v1

Batch To Continuous: From Laboratory Recycle Trickle Bed Test Reactor Data to Full Scale Plant Preliminary Design—A Case Study Based on the Hydrogenation of Resorcinol

Steve D. Pollington, Bal S Kalirai, E. Hugh Stitt

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: flow chemistry; hydrogenation; resorcinol; continuous; recycle trickle-bed; process design

Online: 28 March 2024 (15:00:05 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1749.v1

Electrochemical Characterization of Electrodeposited Copper Catalyst for CCU

Corentin Penot, Kranthi Kumar Maniam, Shiladitya Paul

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Electrodeposition; Copper; Electrochemical CO2 reduction; Corrosion; Amine CO2 capture; Carbon capture and utilization

Online: 28 March 2024 (09:24:54 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1607.v1

Thermal Decomposition of Bio-Based Plastic Materials

Inés Oliver, Juan A. Conesa, Andres Fullana

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: bioplastic; pyrolysis; circular economy; thermoplastic starch (TPS); waste management

Online: 26 March 2024 (14:34:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1604.v1

Sugar Fermentation by Non-conventional Hansenu-La Polymorpha Yeast to Co-produce Methanol, Ethanol and Butanol

Adnan Asad Karim, Mª Lourdes Martínez-Cartas, Manuel Cuevas Aranda

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Hansenula polymorpha; Sugar fermentation; Bio-methanol; Bio-ethanol; Bio-butanol

Online: 26 March 2024 (13:41:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1537.v1

Heteropolyacids@Silica Heterogeneous Catalysts to Produce Solketal from Glycerol Acetalization

Catarina N. Dias, Isabel C.M.S. Santos-Vieira, Carlos R. Gomes, Fátima Mirante, Salete S. Balula

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: acetalization; solketal; heteropolyacids; mesoporous silica

Online: 26 March 2024 (07:27:48 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1442.v1

Revolutionizing Power: Unleashing the Potential of Dynamic Mathematical Model Simulation for Multi-compartment Rotor Compressed Combustion Engines

NNADIKWE JOHNSON, UME CYRIL SUNDAY

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Rotor; engine; CFD; Fuel-air; flow; flows; turbulence; C.I

Online: 25 March 2024 (08:47:28 CET)

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As the demand for fossil fuels continues to rise and their availability becomes increasingly limited, it is crucial to explore innovative approaches to optimize fuel combustion in existing systems. Among various engines, diesel engines are heavily reliant on fluid motion within the engine cylinder, which plays a critical role in fuel-air mixing. This abstract focuses on the potential of dynamic mathematical model simulation for multi-compartment rotor compressed combustion engines, aiming to revolutionize power generation by enhancing fuel burning efficiency. By leveraging advanced simulation techniques, this research seeks to unlock new insights into fluid dynamics and optimize fuel-air mixing, leading to more efficient and sustainable energy utilization. Through this exploration, we aim to pave the way for groundbreaking advancements in the field of combustion engines, ultimately contributing to a greener and more sustainable future. In the realm of internal combustion engines, the fluid dynamics within the engine cylinder greatly influence the combustion processes and heat transfer. For compression ignition (C.I) engines, both the bulk gas motion and turbulence characteristics play vital roles in engine performance. This study focuses on enhancing the combustibility of the fuel-air mixture in C.I engines by modifying the engine design to induce turbulence through squish and tumble flows. The modification involves creating multiple compartments on the rotor crown, comprising three small chambers spaced 120º apart. By implementing this design, the aim is to optimize the fuel-air mixing and improve the overall combustion efficiency. Through comprehensive analysis and experimentation, we seek to revolutionize C.I engine technology and pave the way for more efficient and environmentally-friendly power generation. In this study, the performance of a compression ignition (C.I) engine with a multiple compartment rotor has been analyzed under motoring conditions using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations with FLUENT software. The obtained results have been compared with those of a base C.I engine. The analysis focused on the effects of the modified engine design on the tumble ratio and squish velocity, which are important parameters for fuel-air mixing and combustion efficiency. The results indicated a significant improvement with the modified engine, with a 35% increase in tumble ratio and a 31% increase in squish velocity compared to the base engine. These findings suggest that the modified engine design has the potential to enhance fuel-air mixing and combustion performance, leading to improved overall engine efficiency. This research presents promising insights into the optimization of C.I engine design and contributes to the development of more efficient and environmentally-friendly power generation technologies..

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1344.v1

Enhancing Alginate Hydrogels as Possible Wound Healing Patches: The Synergistic Impact of Reduced Graphene Oxide and Tannins on Mechanical and Adhesive Properties

Sebastián Carrasco, Luisbel González, Mauricio Tapia, Bruno F. Urbano, Claudio Aguayo, Katherina Fernández

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: alginate hydrogel; reduced graphene oxide; tannins; mechanical properties; adhesive properties

Online: 22 March 2024 (09:21:10 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1303.v1

Transitioning to a Hydrogen Economy: Exploring the Viability of Adapting Natural Gas Pipelines for Hydrogen Transport Through a Case Study on Compression vs. Looping

Abubakar Jibrin Abbas, Salisu Kwalami Haruna, Martin Lawrence Burby, Idoko Job John, Kabir Yar'adua Hassan

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Gas pipeline expansion; Hydrogen; compressor station; looping; pipeline economics

Online: 21 March 2024 (12:52:10 CET)

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The growing importance of hydrogen as an energy carrier in a future decarbonized energy system has led to a surge in its production plans. However, the development of infrastructure for hydrogen delivery, particularly in the hard-to-abate sectors, remains a significant challenge. While the construction of new pipelines entails substantial investment, repurposing existing pipelines offers a cost-effective approach to jump-starting hydrogen networks. Many European countries are exploring the possibility of utilizing their current pipeline infrastructure for hydrogen transport. Yet, a critical aspect requiring extensive research is the expansion planning of these networks to accommodate increased capacity in the future. This study investigates the utilization of existing natural gas pipeline infrastructure for hydrogen transportation as a cost-saving measure. It explores two expansion strategies, namely pipeline looping and compression, for repurposing a segment of a 342 km x 36inch existing pipeline, from the Escravos – Lagos gas pipeline system (ELPS) in Nigeria, for hydrogen transport. Employing the Promax® process simulator tool, the study assesses compliance with the API RP 14E and ASME B31.12 standards for hydrogen and hydrogen-methane blends. Both expansion strategies demonstrate acceptable velocity and pressure drop characteristics for hydrogen blends of up to 40%. Additionally, the increase in hydrogen content leads to heightened compression power requirements until approximately 80% hydrogen in the blends for compression, and a corresponding extension in looping length until around 80% hydrogen in the blend for looping. Moreover, the compression option proves to be more economically viable for all investigated proportions of hydrogen blends for the PS1-PS5 segment of the Escravos – Lagos gas pipeline case study. The percentage price differentials between the two expansion strategies reach as high as 495% for a 20% hydrogen proportion in the blend. This study offers valuable insights into the technical and economic implications of repurposing existing natural gas infrastructure for hydrogen transportation.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0780.v1

Hydrocarbons Are the Backbone of Sustainable Civilization

Zaid Binhazzaa

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Sustainability; Material solutions; Hydrocarbons; Material Science; Sustainable Materials

Online: 13 March 2024 (15:11:44 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0737.v1

Ammonia Can be Currently Considered as one of the Best Green Energy Ally

Rubén González, Xiomar Gómez

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: economy decarbonization; alternative fuels; CO2 emission reduction; engines

Online: 13 March 2024 (12:00:21 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0751.v1

Effective Removal of Microplastics Particles from Wastewater using Bio-Substrates

Laura Beatriz Romero-Zeron, Kalyani Prasad Bhagwat, Denis Rodrigue

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: microplastic particles; bio-adsorbents; natural fibers; bio-substrates; wastewater; plastic pollution; marine pollution; removal; wastewater treatment plants

Online: 13 March 2024 (10:09:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0658.v1

Effect of Microscopic Properties for Industrial Cohesive Powder

Maheandar Manokaran, Martin Morgeneyer, Dominik Weiss

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Shear testing; Cohesive powders; Bulk solids

Online: 12 March 2024 (09:11:46 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0630.v1

Progress and Evaluation of Compressed Carbon Dioxide Energy Storage Systems: A Review

Hailing Ma, Yao Tong, Xiao Wang, Hongxu Wang

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Carbon dioxide energy storage; Thermodynamic analysis; Exergy analysis; Energy storage; System model

Online: 12 March 2024 (04:23:19 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0574.v1

Life Cycle Assessment of Wheat Straw Pyrolysis With Volatiles Fraction Chemical Looping Combustion

Teresa Mendiara, Alberto Navajas, Alberto Abad, Tobias Pröll, Mikel Munárriz, Luis M. Gandía, Francisco García-Labiano, Luis Francisco De Diego Poza

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Biomass pyrolysis; Chemical Looping Combustion; Life Cycle Assessment; Environmental Impacts; Carbon Footprint

Online: 11 March 2024 (05:41:05 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0454.v1

Application of Calcium Carbonate in the Pharmaceutical Removal Process

Izabela Zielińska, Daniel Polak, Aleksandra Jurkiewicz, Julia Osełkowska, Aleksandra Lorek, Michał Stor, Andrzej Krasiński, Paweł Gierycz, Maciej Szwast

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: membrane; adsorption; integrated process

Online: 7 March 2024 (13:42:38 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0368.v1

Simultaneous Synthesis of Single and Multiple Contaminants Water Networks Using LINGO and Excel Software

Abeer M. Shoaib, Amr A. Atawia, Mohamed H. Hassanean, Abdelrahman G. Gadallah, Ahmed A. Bhran

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Wastewater networks; Multiple contaminants; Mathematical model; Optimization

Online: 7 March 2024 (08:17:53 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1742.v1

Foam Control Mechanisms in Anaerobic Digestion Systems

Abidemi Olawunmi Adisa, Andy Durrant

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Foaming, foam control,; organic waste, anaerobic digestion

Online: 29 February 2024 (13:45:25 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1677.v1

Global Genetic Algorithm for Automating and Optimizing Petroleum Well Deployment in Complex Reservoirs

Sonny Irawan, Dennis Delali Kwesi Wayo, Alfrendo Satyanaga, Jong Kim

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Well deployment; Genetic Algorithms; CMG; Global Optimization; Reservoir

Online: 29 February 2024 (11:41:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1640.v1

Fermentative utilization of glycerol by E. coli and its implications in biodiesel industry

Ociel Cofre Carvajal, Jose Manuel Gomez Montes de Oca, Domingo Cantero Moreno

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Glycerol; Pilot scale; olive pomace oil; Fed-batch culture; Escherichia coli MG1655; Ethanol

Online: 28 February 2024 (17:02:18 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1626.v1

Production Capacity Prediction and Optimization in the Glycerin Purification Process: A Simulation-Assisted Few-Shot Learning Approach

Tawesin Jitchaiyapoom, Chanin Panjapornpon, Santi Bardeeniz, Mohd Azlan Hussain

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: glycerin purification; few-shot learning; production optimization; simulation-assisted.

Online: 28 February 2024 (10:52:24 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1358.v2

Anaerobic Digestion’s Process Stability Parameters for Maximizing Methane Yield

Abidemi Olawunmi Adisa, Andy Durrant

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Mechanical pre-treatment; methane yield; Biomass; Anaerobic digestion technology

Online: 28 February 2024 (03:11:22 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0933.v2

Optimizing Methane Yield through Anaerobic Digestion Using Hollander Beater as Mechanical Pre-Treatment Method

Abidemi Olawunmi Adisa, Andy Durrant

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Renewable energy; Methane; Biomass; Wastepaper; Mechanical pre-treatment; Anaerobic digestion

Online: 27 February 2024 (12:00:04 CET)

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The UN Sustainable Development Goal 7 Report 2022 is about ensuring access to clean and affordable energy, which is key to the development of agriculture, business, communications, education, healthcare, and transportation. The lack of access to energy hinders economic and human development. Nevertheless, the current pace of progress is insufficient to achieve Goal 7 by 2030. Huge disparities in access to modern sustainable energy persist. Rising commodity, energy and shipping prices have increased the cost of producing and transporting solar photovoltaics modules, wind turbines and biofuels worldwide, adding uncertainty to a development trajectory that is already far below Goal 7 ambitions. Achieving energy and climate goals will require continued policy support and a massive mobilization of public and private capital for clean and renewable energy such as methane from biomass. An important factor in improving methane yield from biomass waste is pre-treatment of the biomass prior to anaerobic digestion. Size reduction of lignocellulose biomass is important for changing and increasing digestibility thus increasing methane yield. A Hollander beater was used as the mechanical pre-treatment machine throughout this study. Results indicate that methane yield is directly proportional to feedstock/Inoculum (F/I) ratio as higher F/I ratio led to higher methane yield. It was observed at an F/I ratio of 0.5 that 5 minutes pre-treatment time produced highest methane yield, while the lowest methane yield was observed at an F/I ratio of 0.2 with 1 minute of pre-treatment time. Methane yield decreased by 30% from 140 mL gTS-1 at F/I ratio 0.5 with 5 minutes pre-treatment time to 98 mL gTS-1 at F/I 0.2 with 5 minutes pre-treatment time. The optimum methane yield was attained at high F/I ratio allowing sufficient nutrient essential for complete degradation of biomass. Overall, this research shows the Hollander beater is not efficient in optimizing methane yield for cardboard.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1358.v1

Anaerobic Digestion’s Process Stability Parameters for Maximizing Methane Yield

Abidemi Olawunmi Adisa, Andy Durrant

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Mechanical pre-treatment; methane yield; Biomass; Anaerobic digestion technology

Online: 23 February 2024 (09:32:11 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0933.v1

Optimizing Methane Yield through Anaerobic Digestion Using Hollander Beater as Mechanical Pre-treatment Method

Abidemi Adisa, Andy Durrant

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: renewable energy; methane; biomass; wastepaper; mechanical pre-treatment; anaerobic digestion

Online: 19 February 2024 (10:18:55 CET)

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The UN Sustainable Development Goal 7 Report 2022 is about ensuring access to clean and affordable energy, which is key to the development of agriculture, business, communications, education, healthcare, and transportation. The lack of access to energy hinders economic and human development. Nevertheless, the current pace of progress is insufficient to achieve Goal 7 by 2030. Huge disparities in access to modern sustainable energy persist. Rising commodity, energy and shipping prices have increased the cost of producing and transporting solar photovoltaics modules, wind turbines and biofuels worldwide, adding uncertainty to a development trajectory that is already far below Goal 7 ambitions. Achieving energy and climate goals will require continued policy support and a massive mobilization of public and private capital for clean and renewable energy such as methane from biomass. An important factor in improving methane yield from biomass waste is pre-treatment of the biomass prior to anaerobic digestion. Size reduction of lignocellulose biomass is important for changing and increasing digestibility thus increasing methane yield. A Hollander beater was used as the mechanical pre-treatment machine throughout this study. Results indicate that methane yield is directly proportional to feedstock/Inoculum (F/I) ratio as higher F/I ratio led to higher methane yield. It was observed at an F/I ratio of 0.5 that 5 minutes pre-treatment time produced highest methane yield, while the lowest methane yield was observed at an F/I ratio of 0.2 with 1 minute of pre-treatment time. Methane yield decreased by 30% from 140 mL gTS-1 at F/I ratio 0.5 with 5 minutes pre-treatment time to 98 mL gTS-1 at F/I 0.2 with 5 minutes pre-treatment time. The optimum methane yield was attained at high F/I ratio allowing sufficient nutrient essential for complete degradation of biomass. Overall, this research shows the Hollander beater is not efficient in optimizing methane yield for cardboard.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0732.v1

Exploring the Influence of Morphology on Bipolaron-Polaron Ratios and Conductivity in Polypyrrole in the Presence of Surfactants

Thaneeya Samwang, Nozomi Morishita Watanabe, Yukihiro Okamoto, Hiroshi Umakoshi

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: polypyrrole; surfactant; sodium dodecyl sulfate; bipolaron and polaron ratio; C-H deformation; Raman spectra

Online: 13 February 2024 (12:45:33 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0217.v1

Improving Economic Efficiency of Heat Pump Integration Into Distillation Columns of Process Plants Applying Different Pressures of Evaporators and Condensers

Stanislav Boldyryev, Mariia Ilchenko, Goran Krajačić

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: process integration; heat pump; heat exchangers; industry electrification; energy saving; emission reduction; economic assessment.

Online: 5 February 2024 (05:34:22 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0089.v1

Amphiphilic Graft Copolymers as Templates for the Generation of Binary Metal Oxide Mesoporous Interfacial Layers for Solid State Photovoltaic Cells

Seung Man Lim, Hayeon Jeong, Juyoung Moon, Jung Tae Park

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Graft copolymer; Mesoporous; Metal oxide; Interfacial layer; Solid state electrolyte; Photovoltaic cells; Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs)

Online: 2 February 2024 (04:47:08 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.2203.v1

The Separation of Lithium Ion and Imidazolium Cation by Electrical Driven Membrane Technology

XUE Jingyi, MENG Xiang, WANG Runci, Zhongwei Yuan, Weifang Zheng

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: lithium ions; imidazolium cations; electrical driven membrane technology

Online: 31 January 2024 (13:04:01 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.2184.v1

Just-in-Time Fluid Flow Simulation on Mobile Devices Using OpenVisFlow and OpenLB

Dennis Teutscher, Adrian Kummerländer, Fedor Bukreev, Marcio Dorn, Mathias J. Krause

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: CFD; LBM; mobile device; just-in-time; digital twin

Online: 31 January 2024 (08:07:12 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1954.v1

Hydrodesulfurization of Thiophene in N-heptane Stream Using CoMo/SBA-15 and CoMo/AlSBA-15 Mesoporous Catalysts

Ana Carla S.L.S. Coutinho, Joana M.F. Barros, Marcio D.S. Araujo, Jilliano B. Silva, Marcelo J. B. Souza, Regina C.O.B. Delgado, Valter J. Fernandes Jr., Antonio S. Araujo

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: SBA-15; nanostructured materials; Cobalt; Molybdenum; hydrodesulfurization; environmental catalysis; petroleum refining

Online: 29 January 2024 (04:12:40 CET)

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The removal of sulfur from fossil fuels is one of the most important processes in modern refineries. It is accomplished via hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of the sulfur organic compounds in presence of heterogeneous catalysts. In the current work, heterogeneous catalysts containing cobalt and mo-lybdenum supported on mesoporous materials type SBA-15 and AlSBA-15 were synthesized for application in the HDS reactions of thiophene in n-heptane stream. The mesoporous materials were synthesized by hydrothermal method starting from TEOS, pseudobohemite, hydrochloric ac-id and water. Pluronic P123 was used as template. The best calcination conditions for removal of the organic template were optimized by thermogravimetry analysis (TG/DTG). The calcined SBA-15 and AlSBA-15 supports were submitted to co-impregnation with solutions of cobalt nitrate and ammonium heptamolybdate, aiming the production of 15% in mass of metal loading with atomic ratio of [Co/(Co+Mo)]=0.45. The obtained materials were dried and calcined for obtaining the mesoporous catalysts in the form of CoMo/SBA-15 and CoMo/AlSBA-15. The catalysts were char-acterized by XRD, TG/DTG, SEM and nitrogen adsorption. From XRD analysis, it was verified that after decomposition of the cobalt and molybdenun salts, were formed MoO3, Co3O4 and Co-MoO4 oxides on the supports, being attributed to these chemical species the activity for the HDS reactions. The activity of the obtained catalysts was evaluated in a continuously flowing tubular fixed-bed microreactor coupled on-line to a gas chromatograph, using n-heptane stream contain-ing 12070 ppm of thiophene (ca. 5100 ppm of sulfur) as a model compound. From the catalytic tests it was verified that the synthesized catalysts presented good activity for the reaction, and the main obtained products were cis- and trans-2-butene, 1-butene, n-butane and low amounts of iso-butane. The presence of 1,3-butadiene and tetrahydrothiophene (THT) were not detected. A mechanism of the primary and secondary reactions and subsequent formation of the olefins and paraffins, in the CoMo/SBA-15 and CoMo/AlSBA-15 mesoporous catalysts were proposed, con-sidering steps of desulfurization, hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, THT decyclization and isomerization.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1757.v1

Filter Cake Neural-Objective Data Modelling and Image Optimization

Dennis Delali Kwesi Wayo, Sonny Irawan, Alfrendo Satyanaga, Jong Kim, Mohd Zulkifli Bin Mohamad Noor, Vamegh Rasouli

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Mud Rheology; Filter Cakes; Neural Network; Image; Objective Optimization

Online: 24 January 2024 (10:25:03 CET)

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Neural-objective and image optimization approaches for drilling fluid rheology automation are crucial for drilling engineering optimization. A myriad of intelligent computational models are employed to predict and monitor the parameters of mud rheology and filter cake permeability posture using an artificial neural network feedforward (ANN-FF) function, a non-ANN-FF function, an image processing tool, and a model optimization tool. 498 datasets of synthetic-based mud (SBM) flat rheology from a drilling mud laboratory at Nazarbayev University were imported into a user-friendly MATLAB application using image processing and nftool. Apart from the Google TensorFlow Sequential API DNN architecture used, a Levenberg-Marquardt training algorithm with input sigmoid hidden neurons 10, 12, and 18 coupled with a linear output layer was also used to predict the SBM flow index. OBM and SBM filter cakes were processed for void spaces; however, a model study was extrapolated to maximize filtration volume Vf. The study’s findings show that the ANN-FF model employed for rheological property monitoring and prediction had higher steady and exponential levels of accuracy and a correlation coefficient of 0.96-0.99. More so, SBM and OBM image processing presented an area of void spaces of 1790M2 and 1739M2, respectively. The porosity and permeability postures of both SBM and OBM resulted in a significant void space capable of maximizing the flow index. In addition, the single-objective modelling based on a genetic algorithm did validate the experimental rheological data for flow index or filtration volume Vf optimization; the study resulted in the finding that the constrained physics-informed objective function hindered maximizing oil recovery and instead predicted possible formation damage. It is empirical to note that automating flow predictions with neural, objective, and image functions has presented an alternative novel method for non-programmers using MATLAB and Google Colabs that is capable of enhancing mud rheological parameters, drilling efficiency, and hydrocarbon recovery.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1298.v2

Unveiling the Transformative Potential of Semi-lean Flows on Gas Purification Units and Unlocking Energy Utilization: A Comprehensive Analysis of Mdea-Base

NNADIKWE JOHNSON, Onyewudiala Julius Ibeawuchi,

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: energy; MDEA; base; HYSYS; amine; software; analysis

Online: 24 January 2024 (07:27:19 CET)

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The primary objective of this research was to assess the energy consumption of the gas treatment units at Bonny NLNG Refinery, the first Gas Refinery in Rivers State, Nigeria, while utilizing semi-lean amine. To achieve this goal, a simulation of the units was conducted using the advanced software package Aspen Hysys (V.8.3). The simulation was designed to accurately represent the dynamic behavior of the refinery's gas treatment units, allowing for a comprehensive analysis of their energy usage. The research aimed to quantify the energy consumption of the gas treatment units and identify opportunities for energy optimization. By utilizing semi-lean amine, which is known to improve energy efficiency, the study sought to evaluate the potential energy savings that could be achieved in the refinery's operations. The simulation model incorporated the specific design and operational parameters of the gas treatment units at Bonny NLNG Refinery, including the gas flow rate, lean amine concentration, absorber pressure, stripping temperature, amine circulation rate, and acid gas removal efficiency. By considering these parameters, the simulation accurately represented the dynamic behavior of the gas treatment units, enabling a detailed analysis of their energy consumption. Through the simulation, various scenarios and operational conditions were evaluated to determine the optimal set of parameters that minimized energy consumption. The research also examined the trade-offs between energy consumption, acid gas removal efficiency, and other performance indicators, such as amine circulation rate and regeneration efficiency. The findings of this research have significant implications for the energy efficiency and sustainability of gas treatment operations at Bonny NLNG Refinery. By identifying opportunities for energy optimization and providing recommendations for the utilization of semi-lean amine, the study contributes to the development of more efficient and environmentally friendly gas treatment processes. Overall, this research combines advanced simulation techniques with a comprehensive analysis of energy consumption to provide valuable insights into the energy efficiency of gas treatment units at Bonny NLNG Refinery, enabling informed decision-making and potential improvements in energy utilization. By utilizing the percentage-based unit simulation approach, a detailed examination of the energy consumption patterns was obtained. This analysis provides valuable insights into the operational efficiency and determination of potential energy-saving opportunities within the gas treatment units. This study specifically focuses on the integration of an absorption column split stream (stream flow) and a flash unit as a potential means to reduce the energy consumption of gas treatment devices. The integration of these units aims to optimize the overall energy efficiency of the gas treatment process by recovering and utilizing waste heat and reducing energy losses. The absorption column split stream allows for the diversion of a portion of the gas stream to a flash unit before entering the absorber. The flash unit operates at a lower pressure, which facilitates the release of entrained hydrocarbons and reduces the overall energy requirements for gas treatment. By separating and recovering the hydrocarbons in the flash unit, energy losses associated with their absorption and subsequent regeneration are minimized. Through the simulation, the study analyzes the energy consumption patterns of the gas treatment units with and without the integration of the absorption column split stream and flash unit. Comparative assessments are conducted to evaluate the energy savings and overall operational efficiency achieved through this integration. The findings of this research will provide valuable insights into the potential energy-saving opportunities offered by the integration of the absorption column split stream and flash unit in gas treatment devices. It will help refine the design and operation of gas treatment units, enabling more energy-efficient processes in the gas refining industry. By optimizing energy consumption in gas treatment units, the study contributes to the industry's goals of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving sustainability. The integration of the absorption column split stream and flash unit offers a promising approach to enhance energy efficiency, reduce operational costs, and minimize environmental impact. Overall, this research underscores the importance of exploring innovative solutions, such as the integration of different process units, to achieve energy savings in gas treatment operations. Through a comprehensive analysis of energy consumption patterns, this study aims to provide practical recommendations for optimizing energy efficiency in gas treatment units, fostering a more sustainable and efficient gas refining industry.The research specifically explores the impact of integrating the absorption column split stream and flash unit when dealing with sour gas streams containing carbon dioxide concentrations of less than mole ℅, while utilizing MDEA fluid as the solvent. Through comprehensive analysis and simulation using advanced software tools, the study demonstrates that by incorporating the absorption column split stream and flash unit, a significant reduction in device energy consumption of up to 10% can be achieved. The integration of the absorption column split stream and flash unit offers promising opportunities to enhance the energy efficiency of gas treatment devices. By diverting a portion of the gas stream to the flash unit, the separation of hydrocarbons and the subsequent release of entrained hydrocarbons at lower pressure significantly reduce the overall energy requirements for gas treatment. The comprehensive analysis and simulation conducted in the research provide concrete evidence of the energy-saving potential of this integration. By quantifying the energy consumption patterns and comparing scenarios with and without integration, the study establishes the effectiveness of the approach and its impact on operational efficiency. The findings of the research highlight the importance of considering the specific gas composition and utilizing appropriate solvents, such as MDEA, for optimizing energy efficiency. The integration of the absorption column split stream and flash unit not only reduces energy consumption but also offers the potential for cost savings and environmental benefits. Overall, the research demonstrates that by incorporating the absorption column split stream

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1737.v1

Galvanic Corrosion of E690 Offshore Platform Steel in a Simulated Marine Thermocline

Jiezhen Hu, Guodong Lin, Peichang Deng, Ziyun Li, Yuwan Tian

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Galvanic corrosion; Simulated marine thermocline; E690; Dissolved oxygen; Exploitation of ocean resource

Online: 24 January 2024 (07:25:47 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1674.v1

Functionalization of Ordered Mesoporous Silica (MCM-48) with Task Specific Ionic Liquid for Enhanced Carbon Capture

Firuz Philip, Amr Henni

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: CO₂ capture; mesoporous silica; MCM-48; Amino Acid Ionic Liquid (AAILs); Task-Specific Ionic Liquid (TSIL); functionalization

Online: 24 January 2024 (02:53:32 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1459.v1

Chemical Instability Induced Wettability Patterns on Superhydrophobic Surfaces

Tianchen Chen, Faze Chen

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Superhydrophobic surface; chemical instability; wettability pattern; droplet manipulation

Online: 19 January 2024 (06:28:59 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1394.v1

Effect of Cross Nano Wall Surface on the Onset Time of Explosive Boiling: A Molecular Dynamic Study

Rasoul Fallahzadeh, Fabio Bozzoli, Luca Cattani, Muhammad Waheed Azam

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Explosive boiling; Molecular dynamics simulations; Liquid nanofilm; Nanostructurned surface; Onset time

Online: 18 January 2024 (11:02:42 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1350.v1

Modeling of Liquid Fuel Production from Water Hyacinths and Waste Tires: A Comparative Study of Direct and Indirect Methods

Tanawat Aentung, Anutida Thongchawee, Wei Wu, Yaneeporn Patcharavorachot

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Liquid fuel; Co-pyrolysis; Co-gasification; Fischer-Tropsch; Economic analysis

Online: 18 January 2024 (09:40:21 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1188.v1

Depolymerization of PMMA-based Dental Resin Scraps in Dif-ferent Production Scales

Haroldo Jorge da Silva Ribeiro Ribeiro, Armando Costa Ferreira, Caio Campos Ferreira, Lia Martins Pereira, Marcelo Costa Santos, Lauro Henrique Hamoy Guerreiro, Fernanda Paula da Costa Assunção, Sílvio Alex Pereira Da Mota, Douglas Alberto Rocha de Castro, Sergio Duvoisin, Jr., Luiz Eduardo Pizarro Borges, Nélio Teixeira Machado, Lucas Pinto Bernar

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: PMMA waste; process design; thermogravimetry; differential scanning calorimetry; process scale influence

Online: 16 January 2024 (08:30:57 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0989.v1

Simulating Water Vapor Removal in Glycol Gas Dehydration Mechanisms: A Comprehensive Analysis of Natural Gas and Dry Nitrogen.

NNADIKWE JOHNSON., CYRIL SUNDAY UME, HEZEKIAH ANDREW NWOSI

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Natural gas; glycol dehydration mechanisms; water vapor; stripping gas; simulation; HYSYS

Online: 12 January 2024 (09:17:59 CET)

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Natural gas is an important energy source among various fossil fuels. However, natural gas typically contains a significant amount of water vapor, which can pose challenges in its usage. Therefore, the process of removing water vapor from natural gas, known as gas dehydration, is crucial in the gas industry. The presence of water vapor in the gas supply can lead to the formation of hydrates, which can cause issues such as blockages in pipelines. To tackle this problem effectively, gas dehydration makes use of Tri ethylene glycol (TEG) as a drying agent. TEG works by selectively absorbing water vapor from the natural gas flow, thereby significantly reducing its moisture content.In the gas dehydration process, wet gas is treated by using lean glycol in an absorber, where the water vapor is removed. The resulting rich glycol is then recovered and recycled for further use. In this study, we explore the possibility of replacing nitrogen with dry natural gas in the re-generator of the glycol dehydration system. The aim is to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of this alternative approach. To assess the performance of both techniques, we employed HYSYS modeling and simulation. Through this analysis, we compared the capital and utility expenses associated with each method while ensuring that the glycol purity requirements remained unchanged. By examining the results obtained from the simulations, we can gain insights into the economic viability and efficiency of utilizing dry natural gas in the re-generator stage of the glycol dehydration process.In addition to the primary purpose of removing water vapor, the wet gas obtained from the stripping mechanisms in the glycol dehydration process can serve additional functions. It can be utilized to power steam pumps and compressors, thereby maximizing energy efficiency within the system. Alternatively, the wet gas can be recycled back into the process for further treatment. To develop a comprehensive understanding of the entire mechanism, we constructed a model based on the actual flow diagram. This model takes into account the various components and processes involved in the glycol dehydration system, including the stripping mechanisms and their connection to other equipment. By analyzing the data and outcomes generated by this model, we can derive valuable insights. These findings can be utilized to optimize the heat and material balance within the plant, ensuring efficient operation and potentially leading to the design of an improved system in terms of energy consumption and overall performance

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0932.v1

Revolutionizing Soil Remediation: Exploring the Frontiers of Bioremediation through the Performance Evaluation of Vernonia Galamensis and Vernonia Amydalina Spices in Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Soil

NNADIKWE JOHNSON.

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: bioremediation; model; vernonia; galamensis amydalina; performance; analysis; variance

Online: 11 January 2024 (12:20:38 CET)

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The detrimental consequences of soil pollution caused by crude oil or petroleum products are immense, leading to land degradation, property damage, and rendering agricultural practices ineffective. Extensive research has been conducted in the field of soil remediation, but further studies are still required to explore additional details of the remedial process. As a result, this study focuses on evaluating the effectiveness of Vernonia Galamensis and Vernonia Amygdalina, commonly known as bitter leaf, in remediating hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. In the analysis of micro-organisms, it was found that the bitter leaf extracts contained three types of bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. The leaf extracts were prepared using different methods, including sun drying, room drying, and using them in their wet form, which were then blended into the contaminated soil. The study also took into consideration three different types of soil: sandy-loamy soil, clay soil, and swamp soil. These advanced techniques and considerations are relevant to the topic of revolutionizing soil remediation, as they explore the potential of bitter leaf extracts and different soil types in effectively mitigating the effects of hydrocarbon contamination.The findings revealed that the wet blended extracts of Vernonia performed exceptionally well in the remediation process, surpassing a 50% reduction in the initial contamination levels. The study involved utilizing a quantity of bitter leaf ranging from 10g to 40g, which was added to the contaminated soils and monitored for a duration of 40 days. Remarkably, this approach led to a significant decrease in the concentration of contaminants within the soil, indicating the effectiveness of the bitter leaf extracts in the remediation process. Towards the conclusion of the study, predictive models were constructed to forecast the impact of hydrocarbon content, as well as the levels of lead, zinc, and chromium in the soil. These variables served as the dependent variables in the models, while the mass of bitter leaf, the duration of treatment, and the pH of the soil were considered as independent variables. Significantly, the models achieved a level of significance of less than 0.05, indicating their statistical validity. Furthermore, the r2 value, which represents the goodness of fit, demonstrated an appreciable level of accuracy in predicting the remediation effects. These results highlight the potential of the developed models in assessing and predicting the remedial outcomes of hydrocarbon contamination using bitter leaf extract.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0834.v1

Elevating Natural Gas Liquid(Ngl) Extraction And Fractionation Train Performance: A Synertistic Approach Of Simulation Analysis, Advanced Modification, And Vertical Advancement.

NNADIKWE JOHNSON

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: ; Hysys Simulation; Heat Pump Assisted Distillation; Self-heat Recuperative Distillation; Energy Savings.

Online: 10 January 2024 (12:01:27 CET)

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"Enhancing the Efficiency of Natural Gas Liquid (NGL) Extraction and Fractionation Trains: An Integrated Approach of Simulation Analysis, Advanced Modifications, and Technological Advancements. Through comprehensive research, innovative solutions such as the heat pump aided distillation (HPAD) system and self-heat recuperation technology (SHRT) have been developed to significantly reduce the energy consumption associated with conventional distillation systems. To identify a practical system for NGL fractionation trains, this study extensively examined and compared various HPAD and SHRT options to retrofit a single column. The objective was to find the most suitable and efficient solution for the fractionation process of natural gas liquids (NGLs). The retrofit options analyzed in this study encompassed a range of techniques, including vapor compression (VC), mechanical vapor re-compression (MVR), thermal vapor re-compression (TVR), bottom flashing (BF), side heat exchanger (SHE), intermediate heating and cooling (IHC), self-heat recuperative (SHR), and modified self-heat recuperative (MSHR) distillation. These methods were carefully examined to determine their suitability and effectiveness in improving the performance of NGL fractionation trains In this study, a depropanizer column, typically employed in conventional NGL plants, was selected as a case study. The simulation software Aspen HYSYS V7.3 was employed to model and analyze eight retrofit designs based on predefined criteria. The simulation data was carefully evaluated to identify the most efficient design for minimizing energy consumption. Among the retrofit options, the mechanical vapor re-compression (MVR) technique demonstrated the most significant energy cost reduction, with a remarkable 68.11 percent improvement compared to the base case conventional column. These findings highlight the potential of MVR as an effective solution for lowering energy costs in NGL fractionation trainsFollowing the MVR retrofit option, the study found that vapor compression (VC) achieved a considerable energy cost reduction of 66.65 percent, closely followed by modified self-heat recuperative (MSHR) at 64.02 percent, bottom flashing (BF) at 62.88 percent, self-heat recuperative (SHR) at 55.85 percent, side heat exchanger (SHE) at 54.23 percent, intermediate heating and cooling (IHC) at 39.54 percent, and thermal vapor re-compression (TVR) also at 39.54 percent. These findings highlight the significant potential for energy savings offered by these retrofit options, with VC being the most popular choice, closely followed by MSHR, BF, SHR, SHE, IHC, and TVR.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0243.v1

Harnessing Hydrogen: A Comprehensive Literature Review on Strategic Launching Initiatives in the Global Energy Market

Ahmed Nazmus Sakib, Farian Mehjabin, Jeffrey B Schmidt

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: hydrogen; global energy; supply chain; commercialization; AIDA model; Business

Online: 3 January 2024 (10:25:38 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0026.v1

Selective Recovery of Scandium (Sc) from Sulfate Solution of Bauxite Residue Leaching by Puromet МТS9580 Ion-exchange Sorption

Julia Napol’skikh, Andrei Shoppert, Irina Loginova, Sergey Kirillov, Dmitry Valeev

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: chelating resin; Sc recovery; selective sorption; adsorption isotherm; sulfate solution; Puromet МТS9580; red mud

Online: 3 January 2024 (04:13:40 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0038.v1

Study of Synthesis of Dual-Curing Thermoplastic Polyurethane Hot-Melt Adhesive and Optimization by Using Grey Relational Analysis to Apply on Fabric Industry to Solve Seamless Bonding Issues

Sheng-Yu Lin, Naveed Ahmad, Chung-Feng Jeffrey Kuo

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Grey relational analysis; thermosetting polyurethane; Taguchi quality engineering method; polyhydric alcohols; dual-cure photo-thermosetting polyurethane; signal-to-noise ratio

Online: 3 January 2024 (04:11:59 CET)

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People wore clothes for warmth, survival and necessity in modern life as well but in modern era, eco-friendliness, shorten production time, design, and intelligence also matters. The seamless bonding technology strengthen the bond between fabrics in textiles, while Grey relational analysis (GRA) can be applied to fabrics to measure the relationship between data series and determine the closeness of each data series. In this study, polyurethane prepolymer, 2-Hydroxyethyl acrylate (2-HEA) as an end-capping agent, and n-octyl acrylate (ODA) as a photo-initiator were used to synthesize dual-curing polyurethane hot-melt adhesive. The Taguchi quality engineering and grey relational analysis used to discuss the influence of different mole ratio of NCO:OH, and the effect of the molar ratio of addition of octyl decyl acrylate on the mechanical strength. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results showed the termination of prepolymer's polymerization reaction and the C=O peak intensity at 1730 cm-1 indicating the efficient bonding to main chain. The high molecular weight polymer (20,000-30,000) described by advanced polymer chromatography (APC) confirmed the polyurethane polymer bonded with octyl decyl acrylate to achieve the photo-thermosetting effect. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed the thermal decomposition temperature of polyurethane hot melt adhesive also increased and highest pyrolysis temperature (349.89℃) for the polyhydric alcohols. The high value of shear strength (34.94 kg/cm2) as well as peel strength (1.68 kg/cm) were also observed in dual-cure photo-thermosetting polyurethane hot melt adhesive. The signal-to-noise ratio also used to generate the grey relational degree. It was observed that the best parameter ration of NCO: OH was 4:1 with 5 moles of monomer. The Taguchi quality engineering method was used to find the parameters of single quality optimization, and then the grey relation calculation was used to obtain the parameter combination of multi-quality optimization for thermosetting polyurethane hot melt adhesive. The study aims to meet the requirements of seamless bonding in textile factories and optimized experimental parameter design by setting target values can effectively increase production speed, reduce processing time and costs as well.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.2309.v1

Analysis of a Dynamic Model for Post-Combustion CO2 Capture on a Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactor

Wanderson Passos, Arioston Júnior, José Filho, Leopoldo Rojas

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: HFMC; carbon capture; modelling, and simulation; system dynamics; post-combustion

Online: 29 December 2023 (13:49:45 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.2255.v1

Heat and Mass Transfer during Sorghum Grains Drying in a Thick Fixed Bed with and without Change of Airflow Direction

Luan da Silva Barbosa, Maria do Carmo Ferreira, José Teixeira Freire, Flavio Bentes Freire, Fábio Bentes Freire

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: fixed bed; grains drying; airflow reversal

Online: 29 December 2023 (05:36:22 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.2111.v1

Revolutionizing Waste Management Planning in Indorama Eleme Petrochemical Operational Complex: Promoting Sustainability

NNADIKWE JOHNSON, UNYIME ENOBONG OKURE, EWELIKE ASTERIUS DOZIE, HAMMAN MUHAMMAD KABIR

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: ; Indorama; Eleme; Petrochemical Limited; ; petrochemical sector; hazardous waste; ; management; ; codes

Online: 28 December 2023 (02:14:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1671.v1

The Solid-Phase Transition of Carbapenem CS-023 Polymorphs and the Change of Helicity Observed in the Transition

Shinji Matsuura, Koichi Igarashi, Masayuki Azuma, Hiroshi Ooshima

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: antibiotics; carbapenem; pharmaceutical crystallization; polymorphism of carbapenem crystal; solid phase polymorphic transition; helicity change, over-absorption of water of anhydrous crystal

Online: 21 December 2023 (16:08:18 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1568.v1

Unleashing the Next Frontiser of Sustainability: Leveraging a Cutting‐Edge‐3d State‐Space Model for Holistic Eco‐Friendly Assessment in Petrochemical Operation

NNADIKWE JOHNSON, EWELIKE ASTERIUS dozie, ,ONUABUCHI AZUNNA AZUNNA, .AKUCHIE CHUKWUMA JUSTIN

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: petrochemical operations; ‐edge 3D state‐space model; sustainable development; ecological efficiency; environment

Online: 20 December 2023 (14:15:31 CET)

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This paper focuses on leveraging a cutting-edge 3D state-space model for a holistic eco-friendly assessment in petrochemical operations. - By applying the ecological carrying capacity theory and the three-dimensional state-space model, this research aims to unleash the next frontier of sustainability in the petrochemical industry. - The proposed methodology will enable advanced and comprehensive eco efficiency evaluation in petrochemical operations. - Through the integration of the ecological carrying capacity theory and advanced modeling techniques, this research seeks to revolutionize sustainability assessments in the petrochemical sector. - The utilization of the cutting-edge 3D state-space model will provide a more advanced and accurate understanding of eco-friendly practices in petrochemical operations. This research presents a unique approach distinct from existing literature, which primarily examines business eco efficiency from behavioral motivation and strategic perspectives. In contrast, this paper introduces a novel three-dimensional state-space model to evaluate the ecological efficiency of petrochemical operations. By combining the ecological carrying index and state space, this model represents the ecological impact of petrochemical operations in a three-dimensional geometric space. It considers petrochemical operations as a significant factor exerting pressure on natural resources and the natural environment. In this three-dimensional state-space model, the three axes represent different dimensions of petrochemical operations. The first axis represents the economic status, which quantitatively describes the financial aspects of the operation. The second axis represents the utilization of resources, capturing the extent to which resources are consumed in the operation. The third axis focuses on the impact of the operation on the environment, allowing for a quantitative assessment of its ecological footprint. By incorporating these dimensions, the model aims to provide a comprehensive and quantitative description of the economic activities of petrochemical operations and their interactions with resources and the environment.The primary focus of this research is to apply the three-dimensional state-space model to calculate the ecological carrying capacity of petrochemical operations. By doing so, it aims to verify the feasibility and applicability of the model in determining the ecological efficiency of these operations. The research also aims to provide theoretical tools that can assist operations in making more informed ecological efficiency judgments. By utilizing this model, petrochemical operations will have a quantitative framework to assess and improve their environmental impact, thus fostering more sustainable practices. The findings of this research demonstrate that the implementation of this method can effectively identify issues related to resources, economy, and environment throughout the development of petrochemical operations. By identifying these problems, it provides managers with a solid foundation for making strategic decisions that promote sustainable development. With this valuable information at their disposal, managers can proactively address challenges, optimize resource utilization, and minimize environmental impacts, thus steering the petrochemical operations towards a more sustainable and responsible path.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1491.v1

Revolutionizing Petrochemical Production: Unleashing the Full Potential of Industry 4.0 to Drive Efficiency, Harness Reserve and Propel Innovation

EWELIKE ASTERIUS DOZIE, NNADIKWE JOHNSON, NWOSI HEZKIAH ANDREW, AKUCHIE CHUKWUMA JUSTINE

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Petrochemical; efficiency; production; Industry; technologies; cloud base

Online: 20 December 2023 (10:49:19 CET)

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ABSTRACT"In the realm of the industrial complex, a pressing concern lies in optimizing resource utilization and enhancing energy efficiency. This critical issue finds strong support from a variety of government programs, strategies, and regulatory documents. To effectively tackle this challenge and revolutionize petrochemical production, it is imperative to establish and develop innovative mechanisms. One such mechanism involves harnessing the power of automation and advanced Industry 4.0 technologies to streamline production processes. By doing so, we can unlock the full potential of these systems, driving operational efficiency, conserving valuable reserves, and propelling innovation within the petrochemical industry."The article delves into an in-depth analysis of the prominent trends in the application of the "Industry 4.0" concept within the petrochemical industry. It sheds light on the various factors that impact the efficiency of organizing production systems. Additionally, the article identifies the primary avenues that drive the advancement and enhancement of production organization practices. Moreover, the article explores the fundamental tools employed for process improvements and highlights the significance of process automation in petrochemical plants. By examining these key aspects, it aims to provide valuable insights and recommendations for leveraging Industry 4.0 technologies to optimize production processes in the petrochemical industry..The study focuses on examining and evaluating various systems and technologies that contribute to the optimization of production processes within the petrochemical industry. Specifically, it delves into the implementation and benefits of the just-in-time system, the 5S system for workplace rationalization, as well as different information systems including ERP systems and CALS-technologies. By exploring these systems and technologies, the article aims to identify the advantages of automating production processes within the petrochemical complex. This analysis will unveil the potential benefits such as improved efficiency, reduced waste, enhanced productivity, streamlined operations, and increased overall competitiveness. Through this research, we aim to shed light on the value of these automation solutions and their impact on driving the petrochemical industry towards greater success.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1429.v1

Forging a Resilient Path towards a Low Carbon Future: Unleashing Challenges as Catalysts for Growth and the Opportunities for Transformation in Petrochemical and Petroleum Industries…

Nnadikwe Johnson, Onyewudiala Ibeawuchi Julius, Ewelike Asterius Dozie

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: petroleum; petrochemical; industries; challenges,sustainable; low-carbon; economic

Online: 19 December 2023 (11:45:44 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1298.v1

Unveiling the Transformative Potential of Semi-lean Flows on Gas Purification Units and Unlocking Energy Utilization: A Comprehensive Analysis of Mdea-Base

NNADIKWE JOHNSON, Onyewudiala Julius Ibeawuchi,

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: ; energy; MDEA; base; HYSYS; amine; software; analysis

Online: 18 December 2023 (13:39:41 CET)

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The primary objective of this research was to assess the energy consumption of the gas treatment units at Bonny NLNG Refinery, the first Gas Refinery in Rivers State, Nigeria, while utilizing semi-lean amine. To achieve this goal, a simulation of the units was conducted using the advanced software package Aspen Hysys (V.8.3). The simulation was designed to accurately represent the dynamic behavior of the refinery's gas treatment units, allowing for a comprehensive analysis of their energy usage. The research aimed to quantify the energy consumption of the gas treatment units and identify opportunities for energy optimization. By utilizing semi-lean amine, which is known to improve energy efficiency, the study sought to evaluate the potential energy savings that could be achieved in the refinery's operations. The simulation model incorporated the specific design and operational parameters of the gas treatment units at Bonny NLNG Refinery, including the gas flow rate, lean amine concentration, absorber pressure, stripping temperature, amine circulation rate, and acid gas removal efficiency. By considering these parameters, the simulation accurately represented the dynamic behavior of the gas treatment units, enabling a detailed analysis of their energy consumption. Through the simulation, various scenarios and operational conditions were evaluated to determine the optimal set of parameters that minimized energy consumption. The research also examined the trade-offs between energy consumption, acid gas removal efficiency, and other performance indicators, such as amine circulation rate and regeneration efficiency. The findings of this research have significant implications for the energy efficiency and sustainability of gas treatment operations at Bonny NLNG Refinery. By identifying opportunities for energy optimization and providing recommendations for the utilization of semi-lean amine, the study contributes to the development of more efficient and environmentally friendly gas treatment processes. Overall, this research combines advanced simulation techniques with a comprehensive analysis of energy consumption to provide valuable insights into the energy efficiency of gas treatment units at Bonny NLNG Refinery, enabling informed decision-making and potential improvements in energy utilization. By utilizing the percentage-based unit simulation approach, a detailed examination of the energy consumption patterns was obtained. This analysis provides valuable insights into the operational efficiency and determination of potential energy-saving opportunities within the gas treatment units. This study specifically focuses on the integration of an absorption column split stream (stream flow) and a flash unit as a potential means to reduce the energy consumption of gas treatment devices. The integration of these units aims to optimize the overall energy efficiency of the gas treatment process by recovering and utilizing waste heat and reducing energy losses. The absorption column split stream allows for the diversion of a portion of the gas stream to a flash unit before entering the absorber. The flash unit operates at a lower pressure, which facilitates the release of entrained hydrocarbons and reduces the overall energy requirements for gas treatment. By separating and recovering the hydrocarbons in the flash unit, energy losses associated with their absorption and subsequent regeneration are minimized. Through the simulation, the study analyzes the energy consumption patterns of the gas treatment units with and without the integration of the absorption column split stream and flash unit. Comparative assessments are conducted to evaluate the energy savings and overall operational efficiency achieved through this integration. The findings of this research will provide valuable insights into the potential energy-saving opportunities offered by the integration of the absorption column split stream and flash unit in gas treatment devices. It will help refine the design and operation of gas treatment units, enabling more energy-efficient processes in the gas refining industry. By optimizing energy consumption in gas treatment units, the study contributes to the industry's goals of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving sustainability. The integration of the absorption column split stream and flash unit offers a promising approach to enhance energy efficiency, reduce operational costs, and minimize environmental impact. Overall, this research underscores the importance of exploring innovative solutions, such as the integration of different process units, to achieve energy savings in gas treatment operations. Through a comprehensive analysis of energy consumption patterns, this study aims to provide practical recommendations for optimizing energy efficiency in gas treatment units, fostering a more sustainable and efficient gas refining industry.The research specifically explores the impact of integrating the absorption column split stream and flash unit when dealing with sour gas streams containing carbon dioxide concentrations of less than mole ℅, while utilizing MDEA fluid as the solvent. Through comprehensive analysis and simulation using advanced software tools, the study demonstrates that by incorporating the absorption column split stream and flash unit, a significant reduction in device energy consumption of up to 10% can be achieved. The integration of the absorption column split stream and flash unit offers promising opportunities to enhance the energy efficiency of gas treatment devices. By diverting a portion of the gas stream to the flash unit, the separation of hydrocarbons and the subsequent release of entrained hydrocarbons at lower pressure significantly reduce the overall energy requirements for gas treatment. The comprehensive analysis and simulation conducted in the research provide concrete evidence of the energy-saving potential of this integration. By quantifying the energy consumption patterns and comparing scenarios with and without integration, the study establishes the effectiveness of the approach and its impact on operational efficiency. The findings of the research highlight the importance of considering the specific gas composition and utilizing appropriate solvents, such as MDEA, for optimizing energy efficiency. The integration of the absorption column split stream and flash unit not only reduces energy consumption but also offers the potential for cost savings and environmental benefits. Overall, the research demonstrates that by incorporating the absorption column split stream

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1261.v1

Effect of Curvature Radius on Single Droplet Dynamic Characteristic within Concave-Wall Jet

Bin Gong, Aibo Jian, Jing Zhang, Guang Yang, Yifeng Liu

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: concave-wall jet; droplet; heterogeneous; interfacial energy; deformation mechanism

Online: 18 December 2023 (12:36:59 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1197.v1

ECO-FRIENDLY INNOVATION: HARNESSING THE REMARKABLE BIO REMEDIATION POTENTIAL OF VERNONIA SPP FOR SUSTAINABLE RESTORATION OF HYDROCARBON-POLLUTED CLAY SOIL IN OGONI LAND NIGERIA.

NNADIKWE JOHNSON, EWELIKE ASTERIUS DOZIE,, UNYIME ENOBONG OKURE, ZUBIAR AHMED CHANDIO

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Keywords: bio-remediation, phytoremediation, Vernonia spp., hydrocarbon pollution, clay soil, Ogoni Land, sustainable restoration, eco-friendly innovation.

Online: 15 December 2023 (14:16:18 CET)

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Harnessing the Remarkable Bio-Remediation Potential of Vernonia spp. for the Sustainable Restoration of Hydrocarbon-Polluted Clay Soil in Ogoni Land, Nigeria This study explores the potential of utilizing Vernonia spp. for eco-friendly bio-remediation of hydrocarbon-polluted clay soil in Ogoni Land, Nigeria. The aim is to find a sustainable and effective solution that promotes the restoration of the polluted soil while minimizing the use of external additives. The process of bio-remediation can occur naturally, through natural attenuation or intrinsic bio-remediation. However, it has been observed that in certain cases, the addition of fertilizers, oxygen, or organic matter is required to enhance the effectiveness of bio-remediation. In this research, we focus on the bio-remediation potential of Vernonia spp., a native plant species known for its strong phytoremediation abilities. By harnessing the remarkable bio-remediation properties of Vernonia spp., we seek to restore the hydrocarbon-polluted clay soil in Ogoni Land in an environmentally friendly and sustainable manner. Our methodology involves conducting greenhouse experiments to assess the bio-remediation efficiency of Vernonia spp. in different soil conditions. We will analyze the soil's physical and chemical properties, as well as the degradation of hydrocarbons over time. The experimental results will provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of Vernonia spp. in removing hydrocarbon pollutants from clay soil. Through this study, we aim to develop a cost-effective and sustainable approach to restore hydrocarbon-polluted clay soil in Ogoni Land. By leveraging the natural bio-remediation potential of Vernonia spp., we can potentially reduce the reliance on external additives, thus minimizing the environmental impact associated with traditional remediation methods. The research article explores methods to promote the growth of pollution-eating microbes in order to enhance bio-remediation. Bio-remediation refers to the use of naturally occurring organisms to break down harmful substances into less toxic or non-toxic forms. In situ bio-remediation involves treating the contaminated material directly at the site, while ex-situ bio-remediation involves removing the contaminated material for treatment elsewhere. This study specifically investigates ex-situ bio-remediation techniques for hydrocarbon-contaminated clay soil. The researchers found that the application of room dry and wet blended bitter leaf showed promising results in the bio-remediation of hydrocarbons in the clay soil. Using Vernonia galamensis, a concentration as high as 0.55 ug/ml was achieved, while Vernonia amygdalina yielded a concentration as high as 0.67 ug/ml when applied at 35g and 40g respectively, based on the wet blended approach. These findings highlight the effectiveness of wet blended Vernonia species in the bio-remediation process.During the remediation process of the clay soil, the pH levels showed a trend of increasing from acidic to normal to alkaline. This can be attributed to the remediation of excessive metals present in the soil. After 40 days, the pH of the clay soil reached 6.97 when treated with 40 grams of Vernonia galamensis, and 7.00 when treated with 40 grams of Vernonia amygdalina. Interestingly, while the remediation efficiency of HC (hydrocarbon) decreased with increasing mass of Vernonia galamensis, the remediation efficiency of HC increased when using Vernonia amygdalina. These observations highlight the varying effects of different Vernonia species on hydrocarbon remediation.The highest remediation values were observed when using Vernonia galamensis at 35g and Vernonia amygdalina at 40g. These particular amounts of these Vernonia species demonstrated effective remediation of the targeted pollutants. However, in comparison to other metals, the remediation effects were relatively lower for zinc (Zn), with only approximately 0.25 ug/ml being remediated. This suggests that the remediation potential of the Vernonia species may vary depending on the specific contaminant.The higher remediation effects observed for Zn metal in the soil can be attributed to the wet blended preparation method of the Vernonia species. In contrast, the room dried Vernonia species exhibited the lowest performance in remediating the soil, with approximately 0.17 ug/ml and 0.10 ug/ml remediation for galamensis and amygdalina, respectively. Both Vernonia leaf extracts achieved a remediation of 0.5 ug/ml for chromium. The sun dried and room dried methods also showed considerable remediation potential, with values above 0.4 ug/ml. The level of significance for the model was attained at 0.05, and the r2 value was appreciable. These findings indicate the effectiveness of different preparation methods and Vernonia species in soil remediation

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1166.v1

A Kinetic Study of a Photo-Oxidation Reaction between α-Terpinene and Singlet Oxygen in a Novel Oscillatory Baffled Photo Reactor

Jianhan Chen, Rohen Prinsloo, Xiongwei Ni

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Photo-oxidation; singlet oxygen; reaction kinetics; reaction mechanism; oscillatory baffled photo reactor

Online: 15 December 2023 (12:11:45 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0986.v1

Extraction of Rare Earth Elements from Chloride Solutions Using Mixtures of P507 and Cyanex 272

Mikhail A. Afonin, Andrey V. Nechaev, Ilya A. Yakimenko, Vera V. Belova

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: rare earth elements; chloride solutions; mixtures of P507 and Cyanex 272; extraction; separation

Online: 14 December 2023 (04:20:20 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0915.v1

Numerical Simulation of CdTe Crystal Growth by VGF Technique Assisted by Axial Low-Frequency Oscillations of the Melt

Oleg Nefedov, Alexey Dovnarovich, Vladimir Kostikov, Elena Mozhevitina, Dmitry Bocharnikov, Igor Avetissov

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: crystal growth; numerical simulation; cadmium telluride; vertical gradient freezing

Online: 13 December 2023 (03:21:10 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0761.v1

Model-Based Catalyst Screening and Optimal Experimental Design for the Oxidative Coupling of Methane

Anjana Puliyanda

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: catalyst screening; catalyst informatics; high-throughput experiments; optimal experimental design; random forests; genetic algorithms; Bayesian optimization

Online: 12 December 2023 (03:15:22 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0760.v1

Ultra-Stable Inorganic Meso-Porous Membranes for Water Purification

Ralph Aaron Bauer, Minghui Qiu, Melissa Colleen Schillo, Matthew Thomas Snider, Zi Yang, Yi Zhou, Hendrik Verweij

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: inorganic membranes; nanofiltration; ultrafiltration; water purification

Online: 12 December 2023 (03:08:33 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0518.v1

Esters in Industry: An Overview of the Reactors Used in Their Biocatalytic Synthesis

Salvadora Ortega-Requena, Claudia Montiel, Fuensanta Máximo, María Gómez, María Dolores Murcia, Josefa Bastida

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Esters; food industry; cosmetic industry; biocatalysis; immobilized lipase; batch reactor; packed bed reactor; fluidized bed reactor.

Online: 7 December 2023 (10:58:43 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0480.v1

Model Based Optimization of Energy Consumption in Milk Evaporators

Artemis Tsochatzidi, Achilleas L. Arvanitidis, Michael C. Georgiadis

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Milk industry; Falling film evaporator; Thermal vapor recompression; Mechanical vapor recompression; Dynamic optimization; Global system analysis.

Online: 7 December 2023 (08:26:36 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0233.v1

Hydrogen Sulfide (H₂S) Adsorption from Natural Gas Using Silver Modified 13X Molecular Sieve

Mirzokhid Abdirakhimov, Mohsen H. Al-Rashed, Janusz Wójcik

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: H₂S adsorption; 13X molecular sieve; adsorption capacity; ion exchange; silver modification

Online: 5 December 2023 (15:10:02 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0254.v1

Ultrafiltration Harvesting of Microalgae Culture Cultivated in a WRRF: Long-Term Performance and Techno-Economic and Carbon Footprint Assessment

Juan Francisco Mora-Sánchez, Josué González-Camejo, Guillermo Noriega-Hevia, Aurora Seco, Maria Victoria Ruano

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Anaerobic digestion (AD); cross-flow; greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions; harvesting; Membrane photobioreactor (MPBR); microalgae; ultrafiltration (UF); water resource recovery facility (WRRF).

Online: 5 December 2023 (15:09:12 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1722.v1

Supercritical Antisolvent Precipitation of Corticosteroids/β‐Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes

Stefania Mottola, Iolanda De Marco

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Corticosteroid; inclusion complex; β-cyclodextrin; SAS micronization; controlled release; supercritical carbon dioxide; supercritical antisolvent

Online: 27 November 2023 (16:10:37 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1654.v1

Experimental Investigation of Liquid Holdup in a Co-Current Gas Liquid Upflow Moving Packed Bed Reactor with Porous Catalyst Using Gamma Ray Densitometry

Ali Toukan, Ahmed Jasim, Vineet Alexander, Hamza AlBazzaz, Muthanna Al-Dahhan

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: upflow moving packed bed reactor; line average liquid holdup; gamma ray densitometry; porous catalyst

Online: 27 November 2023 (10:20:19 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1165.v1

End-to-End Continuous Small-Scale Drug Substance Manufacturing: From Continuous in-situ Nucleator to Free-Flowing Crystalline Particles

Anne Cathrine Kufner, Marc Peter Meier, Kerstin Wohlgemuth

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Continuous manufacturing; continuous nucleation; 3D printing; continuous downstream; small-scale production; high-quality products; pharmaceuticals; slug flow crystallizer; continuous vacuum screw filter

Online: 20 November 2023 (07:49:14 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1023.v1

Micromotors of MnO2 for the Recovery of Microplastics

Oscar Cervantes, Claudia Valtierra-Montiel, Laura Sampedro-Plata, Norberto Casillas, Nieves Menendez, Pilar Herrasti

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: manganese oxide; polystyrene; micromotors; recovering

Online: 15 November 2023 (15:19:49 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0613.v1

Process Optimization, Genetic Programming Modeling and Reliability Assessment of Bioactive Extracts Recovery From Phyllantus Emblica

Hamdan Alanzi, Hamoud Alenezi, Oladayo Adeyi, Abiola J. Adeyi, Olusola Emmanuel, Chee-Yuen Gan, Olusegun Abayomi Olalere

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Phyllantus emblica leaf; bioactive extract; heat-assisted technology; multi gene genetic programming; reliability assessment

Online: 9 November 2023 (07:54:45 CET)

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The feasibility of recovering bioactive antioxidants from Phyllantus emblica leaves using ethanol -water mixture (0 – 100%) and heat-assisted extraction technology (HAE-T) was investigated in this present study. To this effect, the process parameter of operating temperature (OT: 30 -50 oC), solid -to-liquid ratio (S:L: 1:20 - 1:60 g/mL) and extraction time (ET: 45 - 180 min) were investigated on the extract total phenolic content (TPC, mg GAE/g d.w), yield (EY, %) and antioxidant activity (μM AAE/g d.w) by employing the Box-Behnken experimental design (BBD) available in response surface methodology (RSM). Multi-objective process optimization using the desirability function algorithm to determine set of process variables that simultaneously optimize process responses of TPC, EY and AA was also investigated. The recovery process was thereafter modeled with BBD-RSM and multi gene genetic programming (MGGP) algorithm and model reliability assessment via Monte Carlo simulation were conducted for the best performing set of models for predicting TPC, EY and AA values. The HPLC characterization of the recovered extract was carried out to ascertain the phenolic compound constituents of the Phyllantus emblica leaf extract. The 50% ethanol solution was found to be the best for the optimal extraction of antioxidants from Phyllantus emblica leaves. The HAE-T was suitable for recovering bioactive extract from Phyllantus emblica leaves and investigated process parameters have impacts on the recovery process. The process parameters that simultaneously gave the optimum EY of 21.6565%, TPC of 67.116 mg GAE/g and AA of 3.68583 µM AAE/g were OT of 41.61 oC, S:L of 1:60 g/mL and ET of 180 min. The HPLC extract profiling revealed that the bioactive constituents present in the recovered extract were betulinic acid, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ellagic acid, and ferulic acid. Both the developed BBD-RSM and evolved MGGP-based models predicted the observed process response of TPC, EY and AA satisfactorily with BBD-RSM models marginally better in their predictions. The reliability results showed that the BBD-RSM models predicted TPC, EY and AA values with high certainty of 99.985%, 97.569% and 98.661%, respectively.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0420.v1

Application of Intelligent Control in Chromatography Separation Process

Chao-Fan Xie, Hong Zhang, Rey-Chue Hwang

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Chromatographic separation; SMB; multi-column; fuzzy; neural network

Online: 7 November 2023 (10:40:02 CET)

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Chromatographic separation is a critical technique in the manufacturing processes of both chemical products and biopharmaceuticals. Its principle relies on exploiting the differences in distribution between the stationary and mobile phases to achieve the separation of mixtures. The precision of substance concentration during separation directly impacts the quality and usability of the final product. Therefore, the development of an effective and precise separation control technique has long been a vital concern in the field of chromatographic separation control. Currently, the employment of Simulated Moving Bed (SMB) technology for chromatographic separation, which allows for continuous feed, has been recognized as a cutting-edge technique. SMB is a continuous process technology that enhances the efficiency of adsorbents within the bed. This sequential multi-column SMB technology not only increases production capacity but also reduces the consumption of solvents and water. It is acknowledged as one of the cleanest manufacturing technologies in the biopharmaceutical industry. However, multi-column SMB involves various variables such as flow rates in multiple sections and valve switching times, rendering its system control highly complex. Unlike traditional control objectives that aim to minimize control output errors, the control objective of SMB is to achieve a specific proportion of substance concentration. Consequently, designing and implementing traditional control theories for SMB is challenging, leading to SMB systems largely being controlled based on simple PLC controls. Moreover, these controls are often applicable only to single or a few-column SMB setups, limiting the effectiveness of high-capacity applications. To achieve effective control of SMB, this study employs an adjustable intelligent fuzzy controller with a structure like an approximate neural network (NN) for SMB control research. Simulation results demonstrate that the intelligent controller effectively achieves desirable control outcomes for the SMB system.

Preprint TECHNICAL NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.2049.v1

Integration of Modified Solvay Process for Sodium Bicarbonate Synthesis from Saline Brines with Steelmaking for Utilization of Electric Arc Furnace Slag in CO₂ Sequestration and Reagent Regeneration

Shadman Monir Anto, Asif Ali, Rafael M. Santos

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: carbon capture; utilization and sequestration; carbon dioxide; steelmaking; EAF slag; brine; climate change

Online: 31 October 2023 (12:24:38 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.2016.v1

Simulation of Electrowetting – Induced Droplet Detachment: A Study of Droplet Oscillations on Solid Surfaces

Nicolas T. Theodorou, Alexandros G. Sourais, Athanasios G. Papathanasiou

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: electrowetting; droplet detachment; droplet oscillations; smart wetting; computational fluid dynamics; microfluidics; active materials

Online: 31 October 2023 (09:49:55 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.2036.v1

Acoustic-Hydraulic Nozzle for Fine Spray and High Performance

Olga Kudryashova, Andrey Shalunov, Dmitry Genne, Roman Dorovskikh, Sergey Titov

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Liquid atomization; ultrasound; acoustic-hydraulic nozzle; droplet dispersion; cavitation, critical mode.

Online: 31 October 2023 (09:34:24 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1925.v1

Experimental and Simulation Studies for Purification and Etherification of Glycerol from the Biodiesel Industry

Silvia S. O. Silva, Matheus R. Nascimento, Ricardo J. P. Lima, F. Murilo T. Luna, Célio L. Cavalcante Jr.

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: biodiesel; glycerol; purification; etherification.

Online: 30 October 2023 (11:27:07 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0670.v2

COVID-2019/2020 Pandemic Impacts on the Solid Waste Sector of Rio de Janeiro Municipality, Brazil: Analysis of Waste Production, Challenges, and Recommendations

Ronei de Almeida, Ronaldo Lúcio de Souza Teixeira

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Household waste management; Recyclables; Healthcare waste; COVID-19

Online: 26 October 2023 (09:46:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1617.v1

Heat Transfer Analysis on Promotion of CO₂ Reduction Performance of P₄O₁₀/TiO₂ Photocatalyst by Black Body Material

Akira Nishimura, Ryo Hanyu, Homare Mae, Hirokai Senoue, Eric Hu

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: heat transfer analysis; P4O10/TiO2 photocatalyst; CO2 reduction with NH3; black body material; infrared ray; mass transfer promotion

Online: 25 October 2023 (10:15:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1462.v1

Numerical Simulation of a Valorisation-Oriented Hybrid Process for the Bio-Oil-Related Separation of Acetol and Acetic Acid

Chavdar Petrov Chilev, Farida Lamari, Patrick Langlois

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: simulation; modelling; separation; bio-oil; acetol; acetic acid; extraction; distillation

Online: 24 October 2023 (04:12:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1376.v1

Recent Advancement in Pneumatic Conveying for Application in Feed Industry: A Review

Feng Xu

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: pneumatic conveying; feed pellets; numerical simulation; particle breakage, pipe wear; machine learning

Online: 23 October 2023 (11:10:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1393.v1

A Computational Study of Hydrogen Dispersion and Explosion after Large-Scale Leakage of Liquid Hydrogen

Seong Yong Choi, Chang Bo Oh, Kyu Hyung Do, Byung-Il Choi

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: liquid hydrogen (LH2); dispersion; explosion; pseudo-source model; liquid pool model; hydrogen leakage

Online: 23 October 2023 (08:31:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1340.v1

Characterization of Equilibrium Catalysts from the Fluid Catalytic Cracking Process of Atmospheric Residue

Zakariyaou Seybou Yacouba, Hua Ye, Oumarou Abdoulaye Dan Makaou, Mamane Souley Abdoul Aziz, Shi Xian Ke

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: fluidized catalytic cracking; catalyst characterization; catalyst deactivation; coking mechanism; mass loss; catalyst kinetic; thermodynamic parameters

Online: 23 October 2023 (05:41:30 CEST)

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In the FCC conversion of heavy petroleum fractions as atmospheric residues, the main challenge for refiners to achieve the quantity and quality of various commercial products depends essentially on the catalyst used in the process. A deep characterization of the catalyst at different steps of the process (fresh, regenerated, and spent catalyst) was investigated to study the catalyst's behavior including the physicochemical evolution, the deactivation factor, and kinetic-thermodynamic parameters. All samples have been characterized by various spectroscopy methods such as N2 adsorption-desorption, UV-visible spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, LECO carbon analysis, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray fluorescence (XRF), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR13C) analysis, and Thermogravimetric analysis. The results of N2 adsorption-desorption, UV-vis, Raman, LECO carbon, and SEM images showed that the main causes of catalyst deactivation and coking were the deposition of carbon species that covered the active sites and clogged the pores, and the attrition factor due to thermal conditions and poisonous metals. The XRD and XRF results showed the catalyst’s physicochemical evolution during the process and the different interlinks between catalyst and feedstock (Nickel, Vanadium, Sulfur, and Iron) elements which should be responsible for the coking and catalyst attrition factor. It has been found that, in addition to the temperature, the residence time of the catalyst in the process also has an influence on catalyst structure transformation. NMR13C analysis revealed that polyaromatic hydrocarbon is the main component in the deposited coke of the spent catalyst. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the order of catalyst mass loss was fresh > regenerated > spent catalyst due to the progressive losses of the hydroxyl bonds (OH) and the structure change along the catalyst thermal treatment. Moreover, the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters showed that all zones are non-spontaneous endothermic reactions.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1329.v1

Balancing Cost, Sustainability, and Performance: The Future of Solid-State Electrolytes in Automotive Batteries

Dario Alejandro Delgado Aguilar, Eden Dario Delgado Suarez, Dario Jose Delgado Gomez

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: solid state battery; battery electrodes; solid state electrolyte; lithium ionic flow enhancement; battery sustainability

Online: 20 October 2023 (10:27:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1161.v1

Computational Analysis of the Kinetic Processes of Microbial Electrolysis Cell-Assisted Anaerobic Digestion Using the ADM1

Gerasimos Kanellos, Asimina Tremouli, Georgios Arvanitakis, Gerasimos Lyberatos

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: ADM1; Monod; hydrolysis; microbial electrolysis cell-assisted anaerobic digestion; waste activated sludge; methanogenesis; organic loading rate

Online: 18 October 2023 (10:25:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1113.v1

SEPERATION OF CO2 FROM NITROGEN AND OXYGEN USING HYDROPHOBIC CERAMIC MEMBRANE

Idris Abdullahi Hashim, Habiba Shehu, Mamdud Hossain, Muktar Ramalan, Aditiya Karnik, Ayo Giwa

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: inorganic ceramic membrane; carbon capture; carbon emission; contact angle measurement; FTIR analysis; SEM analysis; gas separation

Online: 18 October 2023 (08:32:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1025.v1

Antibacterial Aerogels-Based Membranes by Customized Colloidal Functionalization of TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibers Incorporating CuO

Elena Usala, Eduardo Espinosa, Wasim El Arfaoui, Ramón Morcillo-Martín, Begoña Ferrari, Zoilo Gonzalez

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Colloidal heterostructures; functional aerogels; Cellulose Nanofibers; CuO nanoparticles; Antibacterial Membranes

Online: 17 October 2023 (05:18:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0966.v1

Seperation of CO₂ from Nitrogen and Oxygen Using Inorganic Ceramic Membrane

Idris Hashim, Habiba Shehu, Mamdud Hossain, Ayo Giwa, James Njuguna, Aditiya Karnik, Muktar Ramalan, Florence Aisueni, Priscilla Ogunlude

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Inorganic ceramic membrane, carbon capture, carbon emission, contact angle measurement, FTIR analysis, SEM analysis, gas separation

Online: 16 October 2023 (15:38:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0867.v1

Sugarcane Light-Colored Lignin: A Renewable Resource for Sustainable Beauty

Inês F. Mota, Filipa Antunes, Joana F. Fangueiro, Carina A.E. Costa, Alírio E. Rodrigues, Manuela Pintado, Patrícia S. Costa

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: light-colored lignin; cosmetics; sugarcane bagasse

Online: 13 October 2023 (07:57:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0798.v1

Using Python to Analyze and Model Chemical Engineering Processes: A Case Study of MSS Drying

Erik Mihelič, Dušan Klinar, Klavdija Rižnar, Primož Oprčkal

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Python programming; MSS drying; drying parameters; drying master curve

Online: 12 October 2023 (08:57:04 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0537.v1

Comparison of Ceria-Supported Catalysts for Attaining NO - NO2 Equilibrium at Industrial Nitric Acid Plant Conditions

Jithin Gopakumar, Albert Miró i Rovira, Bjørn Christian Enger, David Waller, Magnus Rønning

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: the ostwald process; nitric acid; fertilizer; nitric oxide; ruthenium; ceria; manganese; catalysis

Online: 10 October 2023 (03:41:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0493.v1

Titanium dioxide nanoparticle-imbedded polyelectrolyte multilayer as an osteoconductive and antimicrobial surface coating

Matthew Rothpan, Nitin Chandra Teja Dadi, Geoffrey McKay, Michael Tanzer, Dao Nguyen, Adam Hart, Maryam Tabrizian

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles; Silver nanoparticles; Polyelectrolyte; Layer by layer; Anti-biofilm coating; Bioactive coating; Orthopedic implants.

Online: 9 October 2023 (15:00:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0400.v1

Influence of Styrene Content in Solution Styrene Butadiene Rubber on Silica-Filled Tire Tread Compounds

Gi-Yong Um, Taehoon Kwon, Seong Hwan Lee, Woong Kim, Jungsoo Kim, Hee Joong Kim, Kihyun Kim, Jin Hong Lee

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: tire tread compound; solution styrene butadiene rubber, styrene; silica dispersion; filler-rubber interaction

Online: 9 October 2023 (09:35:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0278.v1

Inhibiting biofilm formation via simultaneous application of nitric oxide and quorum quenching bacteria

Youkyoung Kim, Parthiban Anburajan, Hyeok Kim, Hyun-Suk Oh

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Nitric oxide, Bacterial signaling, Quorum quenching, Biofilm, Biofouling

Online: 6 October 2023 (11:17:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0020.v1

Development of Mathematical Models for Industrial Processes Using Dynamic Neural Networks

Srečko Herceg, Željka Ujević Andrijić, Nikola Rimac, Nenad Bolf

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: dynamic neural networks; industrial process; recurrent neural networks; long short-term memory

Online: 1 October 2023 (08:13:52 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.2044.v1

A Review of Photocatalytic Water Splitting for Hydrogen Production Using Tandem Solar Cell

Nur Ain Atiqah Mohd Amin, Hayyiratul Fatimah Mohd Zaid

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: photocatalytic water splitting; photoelectrochemical cell; dye solar cell; tandem solar cell; hydrogen

Online: 29 September 2023 (08:05:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1987.v1

Simplified Multivariate Linear Regression based Model to Predict Asphaltene Onset Pressure under Reservoir Pressure Depletion Conditions using Data Clustering Technique

Muhammad Ali

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: asphaltene precipitation; asphaltene prediction; asphaltene machine learning model

Online: 28 September 2023 (10:24:29 CEST)

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The precipitation, flocculation, and deposition of asphaltene cause severe formation damage within a reservoir and shorten a well’s productive life. Pressure depletion is one factor that contributes to asphaltene precipitation during production; therefore, the first step in managing asphaltene is to determine the onset pressure of the precipitation. While there are numerous equation of state models that can be used to predict the onset pressure, these models are complex and heavily reliant on tuning parameters. Using multivariate linear regression, this work attempts to develop a simple and accurate thermodynamic model for predicting the upper precipitation onset pressure under pressure depletion above the bubble point pressure (Pb) at various temperatures. A total of 94 experimental data points from 37 published crude oil data sets were compiled from the literature. To develop the model, 59 experimental data points were used as training data and 35 experimental data points as testing data. According to the results of the multicollinearity test, the bubble point pressure, temperature, resins, and saturate-to-aromatic ratio were chosen as predictors. The upper onset pressure data with comparable trends were clustered, and unsupervised recognition of three distinct cluster groups was performed. For each cluster identified, a multivariate linear regression model was developed. The model was chosen based on Mallow’s coefficient of determination (Cp), adjusted R²(statistical measure of fit), and S (standard error of the regression slope). The developed model was tested using a data set, and the results showed an adjusted R² of 96.25%, with a mean absolute error of 4.1%. The model was randomly applied to 15 data points to compare it to perturbed-chain statistical associated fluid theory (PC SAFT) and the Peng-Robinson equation of state models and to the multivariate regression models of Fahim (2007) and Ameli et al. (2016). The results showed that the mean absolute error for predicting the asphaltene precipitation onset pressure was 2.82% using Peng-Robinson, 2.36% using the PC SAFT equation of state, 23.96% using the Fahim model, 24.80% using the model reported by Ameli et al., and 2.39% using the newly developed multivariate regression model. The developed multivariate model appears to be as accurate as the PC SAFT equation of state modeling with tuning parameters. The primary advantage of multivariate regression is that, unlike the PC SAFT equation of state model, it does not require saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes (SARA)-based characterization methodologies or rigorous parameter tuning. It is simple to use, quick, and it produces results in a short period of time.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1516.v1

Flow Analysis and Structural Optimization of Double-chamber Parallel Flexible Valve Micropump

Fan Jiang, Jinfeng Wen, Teng Dong

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: EWOD; micropump; double-chamber; flow field; structural parameters; optimization

Online: 22 September 2023 (07:40:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1444.v1

Superb Li-ion storage of Sn-based anode assisted by conductive hybrid buffering matrix

Jinsil Shin, Sung-Hoon Park, Jaehyun Hur

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Sn; hybrid TiO2-C matrix; ternary composite; anode; Li-ion batteries

Online: 21 September 2023 (08:51:41 CEST)

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