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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201906.0249.v1

Applying Compressive Sensing to the Massive MIMO Channel Estimation Problem

Felipe Augusto Pereira de Figueiredo

Subject: Engineering, Electrical & Electronic Engineering Keywords: massive MIMO; compressive sensing; channel estimation

Online: 25 June 2019 (08:52:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0021.v1

On Massive MIMO for Low Power Wide Area Networks

Felipe Augusto Pereira de Figueiredo

Subject: Engineering, Electrical & Electronic Engineering Keywords: massive MIMO, LPWAN, channel capacity, outage probability.

Online: 3 November 2019 (16:06:01 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201908.0169.v1

On the Distribution of an Effective Channel Estimator for Multi-Cell Massive MIMO

Felipe Augusto Pereira de Figueiredo, Claudio Ferreira Dias, Fabbryccio A. C. M. Cardoso, Gustavo Fraidenraich

Subject: Keywords: massive MIMO; multi-cell; pilot-contamination; channel estimation

Online: 15 August 2019 (14:59:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201908.0165.v1

Initial Results on Deep Learning-Based Pilot Contamination Mitigation in Massive MIMO Systems

Felipe Augusto Pereira de Figueiredo

Subject: Keywords: massive MIMO; pilot contamination; deep learning; machine learning

Online: 14 August 2019 (16:01:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201908.0173.v1

Performance Analysis of Large-Scale MU-MIMO With a Simple and Effective Chanel Estimator

Felipe Augusto Pereira de Figueiredo, Claudio Ferreira Dias, Eduardo Rodrigues de Lima, Gustavo Fraidenraich

Subject: Keywords: massive MIMO; multi-cell; pilot contamination; channel estimation

Online: 16 August 2019 (07:16:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0318.v1

Large Intelligent Surfaces Communicating Through Massive MIMO Rayleigh Fading Channels

Ricardo Coelho Ferreira, Michelle S. P. Facina, Felipe A. P. de Figueiredo, Gustavo Fraidenraich, Eduardo Rodrigues de Lima

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Large intelligent surfaces; massive MIMO systems; maximum ratio transmission; Von Mises distribution; Rayleigh fading

Online: 15 October 2020 (11:29:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0072.v1

A Performance Study of Massive MIMO Heterogeneous Networks with Ricean/Rayleigh Fading

James Kweku Nkrumah Nyarko, Christian Ango Mbom

Subject: Engineering, Electrical & Electronic Engineering Keywords: Massive MIMO; Ricean Fading; Beamforming; Stochastic Process; Heterogeneous Network; Interference Coordination; Spectral Efficiency

Online: 3 May 2018 (12:15:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0409.v1

Floquet Spectral Almost Periodic Modulation of Massive Finite and Infinite Strongly Coupled Arrays: Dense Massive MIMO, Intelligent Surfaces, 5G and 6G Applications

Hamdi Bilel, Aguili Taoufik

Subject: Engineering, Electrical & Electronic Engineering Keywords: Floquet analysis; MoM method; Almost periodic antenna arrays; Fourier analysis; strong mutual coupling; Dense massive MIMO; MM and THz waves; 5G and 6G applications

Online: 22 November 2021 (15:11:58 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201908.0256.v1

Large-Scale Antenna Systems and Massive Machine Type Communications

Felipe Augusto Pereira de Figueiredo, Fabbryccio A. C. M. Cardoso, Joao Paulo Miranda, Ingrid Moerman, Claudio F. Dias, Gustavo Fraidenraich

Subject: Engineering, Electrical & Electronic Engineering Keywords: massive MIMO; spectral efficiency; MTC

Online: 25 August 2019 (16:48:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201906.0247.v1

Mitigating Pilot Contamination with Scrambling Sequences

Felipe Augusto Pereira de Figueiredo

Subject: Keywords: massive MIMO; pilot contamination; scrambling

Online: 25 June 2019 (08:43:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0494.v2

P − V Criticality of the Non-linear Charged Black Hole Solutions in Massive Gravity

Houcine Aounallah, Hayade Zarei, Prabir Rudra, Barun Majumder, Hoda Farahani

Subject: Physical Sciences, General & Theoretical Physics Keywords: black holes; charged solutions; massive gravity

Online: 16 January 2023 (02:44:45 CET)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0310.v1

Small RNA Profiling in HTLV-1-infected Patient with Acute Adult T-cell Leukemia-Lymphoma at Diagnosis and After Maintenance Therapy: A Case Study

Rodrigo Pessôa, Daniela R. V. Souza, Youko Nukui, Juliana Pereira, Augusto César Penalva de Oliveira, Jorge Casseb, Alberto José da Silva Duarte, Sabri Saeed Sanabani

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Oncology & Oncogenics Keywords: small RNA; HTLV-1; ATLL; massive parallel sequencing

Online: 17 January 2023 (11:06:37 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0401.v1

Involvement of the Small ncRNAome in Fresh Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type I- Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis Patients and Viral Carriers

Daniela R. V. Souza, Rodrigo Pessôa, Youko Nukui, Juliana Pereira, Rosa Nascimento Marcusso, Augusto César Penalva de Oliveira, Jorge Casseb, Alberto José da Silva Duarte, Patricia Bianca Clissa, Sabri Saeed Sanabani

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Pathology & Pathobiology Keywords: small RNA; HTLV-1; HAM/ TSP; massive parallel sequencing

Online: 21 December 2022 (11:46:09 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0195.v1

The Origin of the Most Energetic Galactic Cosmic Rays: Supernova Explosions into Massive Star Plasma Winds

Peter Biermann, Philipp Kronberg, Michael Allen, Athina Meli, Eun-Suk Seo

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics Keywords: Cosmic Rays; Massive Star Supernovae; Cosmic Ray Knee and Ankle.

Online: 8 November 2018 (09:53:33 CET)

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We propose that the high energy Cosmic Ray particles around the spectral turn-down commonly called the {\it knee} and up to the upturn, commonly called the {\it ankle}, mostly come from Blue Super Giant star explosions. At the upturn, i.e. the {\it ankle}, Cosmic Rays probably switch to another source class, most likely extragalactic sources. To show this we recently compiled a set of Radio Supernova data to list the magnetic field, shock speed and radius scale (Biermann et al. 2018) \cite{Biermann18}. Using particle acceleration theory at shocks, those numbers can be transformed into characteristic {\it knee} and {\it ankle} energies. Without adjusting any free parameters both of these observed energies are directly indicated by the supernova data. We now proceed to the next step in the argument, and use the Supernova Remnant data of the starburst galaxy M82. Assuming that they are Blue Supergiant star explosions, the shock will race to their outer edge with a magnetic field that follows ${B (r) \, r \, \sim \, const.}$. We argue that the shock runs through the entire magnetic plasma wind region at full speed all the way out to the wind-shell, which is of order parsec scale. The speed is observed to be $\sim \, 0.1 \, c$ at about ${10^{16} \, {\rm cm}}$ radius in the plasma wind. This demonstrates how Blue Supergiant star explosions can provide the Cosmic Ray particles across the {\it knee} and up to the {\it ankle} energy range. The data from the CREAM (Cosmic Ray Energetics and Mass Experiment) mission will test this cosmic ray concept which is reasonably well grounded in two independent radio supernova data sets. The next step in developing our understanding is to obtain accurate Cosmic Ray data near to the {\it knee}, and use unstable isotopes of Cosmic Ray nuclei at high energy to probe the "piston" driving the explosion. We plan to combine these data with the physics of the budding black hole which is probably forming in each of these stars to learn more.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0343.v1

Trajectory of Massive Particles around a Static Black Hole in f(R) Gravity

Surajit Mandal

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics Keywords: Massive particle; Static black hole; f(R) gravity; Pseudo-Newtonian Potential

Online: 22 July 2022 (14:14:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0758.v1

A Solution of the Cosmological Constant and DE and Arrow of Time, Using Model of a Nonsingular Universe from Rosen from Volume (56) Ettore Majorana International Science Series, Physics, 1991

Andrew W. Beckwith

Subject: Physical Sciences, Nuclear & High Energy Physics Keywords: Dark Energy; massive Gravity; nonsingular universe; bits; entropy; arrow of time

Online: 31 March 2021 (10:15:48 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Massive Photons Propagation in Gravitational Field

Arbab Arbab

Subject: Physical Sciences, General & Theoretical Physics Keywords: black holes thermodynamics; entropic force; electromagnetic-gravity analogy; General Relativity; massive electrodynamics

Online: 12 October 2019 (04:16:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0172.v1

Tunneling of Massive Vector Particles under the Influence of Quantum Gravity

Wajiha Javed, Riasat Ali, Rimsha Babar, Ali Övgün

Subject: Physical Sciences, General & Theoretical Physics Keywords: massive boson particles; wave equation; quantum gravity; Hawking radiation; black hole thermodynamics

Online: 14 July 2019 (17:12:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201607.0051.v1

Search for QPOs in the Light Curve of the Blazar OJ287: Preliminary Results from 2015/16 Observing Campaign

S. Zola, M. Valtonen, G. Bhatta, A. Goyal, B. Debski, A. Baran, J. Krzesinski, M. Siwak, S. Ciprini, A. Gopakumar, H. Jermak, K. Nilsson, D. Reichart, K. Matsumoto, K. Sadakane, K. Gazeas, M. Kidger, V. Piirola, F. Alicavus, K.S. Baliyan, A. Berdyugin, D. Boyd, M. Campas Torrent, F. Campos, J. Carrillo Gomez, D.B. Caton, V. Chavushyan, J. Dalessio, D. Dimitrov, M. Drozdz, A. Erdem, A. Escartin Perez, V. Fallah Ramazani, A.V. Filippenko, F. Garcia, F. Gomez Pinilla, M. Gopinathan, J.B. Haislip, J. Harmanen, G. Hurst, K.M. Ivarsen, M. Jelinek, A. Joshi, M. Kagitani, N. Kaur, N. Karaman, W.C. Keel, A.P. LaCluyze, B.C. Lee, E. Lindfors, J. Lozano De Haro, J.P. Moore, R. Naves Nogues, A.W. Neely, R.H. Nelson, W. Ogloza, S. Okano, J.C. Pandey, M. Perri, P. Pihajoki, G. Poyner, J. Provencal, T. Pursimo, A. Raj, R. Reinthal, S. Sadegi, T. Sakanoi, J.-L. Salto Gonzales, T. Schweyer, F.C. Soldan Alfaro, E. Sonbas, I. Steele, J.T. Stocke, J. Strobl, L.O. Takalo, T. Tomov, L. Tremosa Espasa, J.R. Valdes, J. Valero Perez, F. Verrecchia, J.R. Webb, M. Yoneda, M. Zejmo, W. Zheng, J. Telting, J. Saario, T. Reynolds, A. Kvammen, E. Gafton, R. Karjalainen, P. Blay

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics Keywords: galaxies: active; BL Lacertae objects: individual (OJ 287); super massive black holes

Online: 18 July 2016 (10:46:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0341.v1

The Dual Continuity Equations

Arbab Arbab, Norah N. Alsaawi

Subject: Mathematics & Computer Science, Other Keywords: continuity equation; Maxwell equations: massive electrodynamics; London's superconductivity; proca-Maxwell equations; duality transformations

Online: 19 August 2018 (05:03:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0148.v1

Effect of the Dilaton Field on Deflection Angle of Massive Photons by Black Holes in Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton-Axion Theory

Wajiha Javed, Rimsha Babar, Ali Övgün

Subject: Physical Sciences, General & Theoretical Physics Keywords: deflection of light; gravitational lensing; massive photon; black hole; Gauss-Bonnet theorem; scalar deformation; dark matter

Online: 13 May 2019 (09:55:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0203.v2

Dark Matters, Gravational Force, Neutron Life-Time Anomaly and Hadronization

Jae-Kwang Hwang

Subject: Physical Sciences, Particle & Field Physics Keywords: fermionic dark matters; neutron life-time anomaly; massive graviton; hadronization; dark energy; galaxy structure; three-dimensional quantized space model

Online: 25 June 2018 (09:14:16 CEST)

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The properties of the dark matter, dark energy, graviton and photon are discussed in terms of the new three-dimensional quantized space model. Three new particles (bastons) with the electric charges (EC) are proposed as the dark matters. It is proposed that the EC, LC and CC charges are aligned along the time axes but not along the space axes. The photon is confined on its corresponding three-dimensional quantized space. However, the graviton can be evaporated into other three-dimensional quantized spaces. The rest mass of the electron neutrino (n_e) of 3.494·10⁻³ eV/c² is obtained from the experimental vacuum energy density in terms of quantum field theory (QFT). The rest mass and force range of the massive g(0,0,0) graviton with the Planck size are m_g = 3.1872·10⁻³¹ eV/c² and x_r = 3.0955·10²³ m = 10.0 Mpc, respectively, based on the experimental rest mass and rms charge radius of the proton. The possible diameter (10 Mpc) of the largest galaxy cluster is remarkably consistent with the gravitational force range (10 Mpc). Then, the diameter of the largest dark matter distribution related to the largest galaxy cluster is 9.2865·10²³ m = 30 Mpc equal to the force range of the massive g(0) graviton with the rest mass of 1.0624·10⁻³¹ eV/c². Because of the huge number (N) of the evaporated gravitons, the very small Coulomb’s constant of about 10⁻⁴⁸k and large gravitation constant of 10⁶G_N are expected for the charged dark matters. Therefore, F_c(mm) > F_g(dd) > F_g(mm) > F_g(dm) > F_c(dd) > F_c(dm) = 0 for the proton-like particle. The proposed weak gravitational force between the dark matters and normal matters explains the observed dark matter distributions of the bullet cluster, Abell 1689 cluster and Abell 520 cluster. The transition from the galaxy without the dark matters to the galaxy with the dark matters are explained. Also, the accelerated space expansion is caused by the new space quanta created by the evaporated gravitons into the x1x2x3 space and repulsive electromagnetic force between dark matters corresponding to the dark energy. The decreasing coupling constant of the strong force, neutron lifetime anomaly and the pressure distribution inside the proton are explained by the unobservable proton and hadronization. And the rest mass of 1.4 TeV/c² is assigned to the Le particle with the EC charge of −2e. The proposed rest mass (26.12 eV/c²) of the B1 dark matter is indirectly confirmed from the supernova 1987A data. Also, the gravitation constant has been changing with the time because of the graviton evaporation.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0467.v2

Unified Explanation of Big Bang, Inflation, Charged Black Hole Decay, Galaxy Formation, Proton Spin Crisis and Elementary Particle Masses

Jae-Kwang Hwang

Subject: Physical Sciences, Particle & Field Physics Keywords: Elementary particles; Galaxy structures; Charged black hole decay; Big bang and inflation; Super-massive black holes; Coulomb forces; Proton spin crisis; Dark matters; 4-D Euclidean space.

Online: 11 October 2021 (11:46:24 CEST)

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Space-time evolution is briefly explained by using the 3-dimensional quantized space model (TQSM) based on the 4-dimensional (4-D) Euclidean space. The energy (E=cDtDV), charges (|q|= cDt) and absolute time (ct) are newly defined based on the 4-D Euclidean space. The big bang is understood by the space-time evolution of the 4-D Euclidean space but not by the sudden 4-D Minkowski space-time creation. The big bang process created the matter universe with the positive energy and the partner anti-matter universe with the negative energy from the CPT symmetry. Our universe is the matter universe with the negative charges of electric charge (EC), lepton charge (LC) and color charge (CC). This first universe is made of three dark matter -, lepton -, and quark - primary black holes with the huge negative charges which cause the Coulomb repulsive forces much bigger than the gravitational forces. The huge Coulomb forces induce the inflation of the primary black holes, that decay to the super-massive black holes. The dark matter super-massive black holes surrounded by the normal matters and dark matters make the galaxies and galaxy clusters. The spiral arms of galaxies are closely related to the decay of the 3-D charged normal matter black holes to the 1-D charged normal matter black holes. The elementary leptons and quarks are created by the decay of the normal matter charged black holes, that is caused by the Coulomb forces much stronger than the gravitational forces. The Coulomb forces are very weak with the very small Coulomb constants (k₁(EC) = k_dd(EC) ) for the dark matters and very strong with the very big Coulomb constants (k₂(EC) = k_nn(EC)) for the normal matters because of the non-communication of the photons between the dark matters and normal matters. The photons are charge dependent and mass independent. But the dark matters and normal matters have the similar and very weak gravitational forces because of the communication of the gravitons between the dark matters and normal matters. The gravitons are charge independent and mass dependent. Note that the three kinds of charges (EC, LC and CC) and one kind of mass (m) exist in our matter universe. The dark matters, leptons and quarks have the charge configurations of (EC), (EC,LC) and (EC,LC,CC), respectively. Partial masses of elementary fermions are calculated, and the proton spin crisis is explained. The charged black holes are not the singularities.

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