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On Scalability of FDD-based Cell-Free Massive MIMO Framework
Version 1
: Received: 2 June 2023 / Approved: 2 June 2023 / Online: 2 June 2023 (07:11:23 CEST)
A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.
Hassan, B.; Baig, S.; Aslam, S. On Scalability of FDD-Based Cell-Free Massive MIMO Framework. Sensors 2023, 23, 6991. Hassan, B.; Baig, S.; Aslam, S. On Scalability of FDD-Based Cell-Free Massive MIMO Framework. Sensors 2023, 23, 6991.
Abstract
Cell-free massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) has the potential of providing joint services including joint initial access, efficient clustering of access points (APs) and pilot allocation to user equipments (UEs) over large coverage area with reduced interference. In cell-free massive MIMO, large coverage area corresponds to provision and maintenance of scalable quality of service requirements for infinitely large number of UEs. The research in cell free massive MIMO is mostly focused on time division duplex mode due to availability of channel reciprocity which aids in avoiding feedback overhead. However, frequency division duplex (FDD) protocol still dominates the current wireless standards and the provision of angle reciprocity aids in reducing this overhead. The challenge of providing a scalable cell-free massive MIMO system in FDD setting is also prevalent, since computational complexity regarding signal processing tasks such as channel estimation, precoding/combining and power allocation, becomes prohibitively high with increase in number of UEs. In this work, we consider an FDD based scalable cell-free network with angular reciprocity and dynamic cooperation clustering approach. We have proposed scalability for our FDD cell-free and perform comparative analysis with reference to channel estimation, power allocation and precoding/combining techniques. We present expressions for scalable spectral efficiency, angle based precoding/combining schemes and provide comparison of overhead between conventional and scalable angle based estimation as well as combining schemes. Simulations confirm that the proposed scalable cell-free network based on FDD scheme outperforms the conventional matched filtering scheme based on non-scalable precoding/combiming schemes. The angle based LP-MMSE in FDD cell-free network provides 14.3% improvement in spectral efficiency and 11.11% improvement in energy efficiency compared to non-scalable MF scheme.
Keywords
cell-free; massive MIMO; scalable FDD; angular reciprocity; dynamic cooperation clustering
Subject
Engineering, Telecommunications
Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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