Chemistry and Materials Science

Abstract: Basalt-based glass materials and composite variants were synthesized from basalt rock originating from the Vrelo deposit in Serbia using the melt-quenching method. In addition to the reference basalt glass, samples containing 5 wt.% iron mine tailings originating from flotation waste in the Bor mining district, Serbia, and commercially available AISI 304 stainless steel wire mesh were prepared to investigate the effects of secondary raw materials, reinforcement, and reinforcement orientation on thermal and mechanical behavior. The materials were characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dilatometry, compressive strength testing, and stereomicroscopy. XRD confirmed the predominantly amorphous character of the synthesized glasses. DTA and DSC revealed broad intermediate-temperature thermal responses and a reproducible thermal event near 700 °C, while dilatometry demonstrated distinct differences in the high-temperature dimensional behavior of the investigated compositions. Compressive strength was strongly influenced by composition and steel mesh orientation, with the highest value of 258.6 MPa obtained for the composite containing 5 wt.% mine tailings and steel wire mesh. Stereomicroscopy revealed differences in crack propagation, fracture morphology, and fragment retention associated with mine tailings and steel reinforcement. These results demonstrate the potential of mine-tailings-modified and steel-reinforced basalt glasses as sustainable materials with tunable thermomechanical performance.

Abstract: This study is devoted to the experimental and analytical investigation of the mechanism underlying the formation of the ‘black crackle’ decorative effect on the surface of ceramic glaze, which arises as a result of the thermochemical transformation of a bio-derived organic precursor under reducing conditions. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of the thermal conversion products of the bio-precursor on the phase composition, microstructure, local distribution of elements and optical properties of the ceramic glaze, as well as to establish the mechanism underlying the formation of the decorative effect. The experimental programme covered various combinations of temperature, storage time and the amount of bioprecursor, using the Taguchi method. The resulting samples were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM–EDS), and spectrophotometric measurements using the CIELAB system. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) showed that the decoration process did not lead to any significant change in the composition of the main crystalline phase of the glaze. FTIR spectroscopic analysis revealed chemical changes consistent with carbonization resulting from the thermal degradation of the bioprecursor. SEM-EDS observations showed that the carbonized products are distributed unevenly across the entire surface and are mainly localized in individual microzones of the craquelure network. Spectrophotometric results confirmed a reduction in brightness and an increase in the total color difference in the decorated samples. An integrated analysis of the results showed that the black crackle decorative effect is formed not through the formation of a new crystalline phase, but through the local accumulation of carbonized products in specific areas of the crackle network—products formed as a result of the thermochemical transformation of the bio-precursor under reducing conditions—and the optical contrast created thereby. The proposed approach opens up new scientific and technological prospects for the use of bio-waste as a functional precursor in the decoration of ceramic surfaces.

Abstract: This article presents scientific research on developing the optimal composition of ceramic wall materials based on local raw materials. The aim is to develop an optimal composition of a ceramic material with improved thermal insulation properties by adding a diatomite additive to the local raw materials to increase porosity and reduce density. During the research, the physicochemical properties of the raw materials, namely the clay from the Roman deposit and the diatomite from the Zhalpaq deposit, were determined. Test samples were prepared by adding 5–15% diatomite to the clay. Their physicomechanical, chemomineralogical, and structural properties were determined. For sample analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), equipped with a JSM-6490LV energy-dispersive microanalyzer, was used. X-ray diffraction (XRD); and Raman spectroscopy methods were used. According to the research results, adding 5-15% the addition of diatomaceous earth in the amount of 5–15% was shown to significantly affect the surface morphology, degree of porosity, structural uniformity, and agglomerate size of the studied samples, as well as the uniform distribution of elemental composition, The addition of 10% diatomite to the clay was shown to affect the change in crystalline phases and its physicomechanical properties. In conclusion, it was determined that adding 10% diatomite to the clay achieves the relatively highest degree of crystallinity, a uniform microstructure, and a relatively high compressive strength of 26.1 MPa. This showed that compared to other samples, the compressive strength increased by 15–23% and the thermal conductivity coefficient decreased by 1–11%. Thus, adding 10% diatomaceous earth to the clay was found to be an effective modifier.

Abstract: Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have been widely investigated as reinforcing agents in different matrices because of their unique properties, including high specific mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and durability. CNCs can be obtained from lignocellulosic residues such as Agave tequilana bagasse, a byproduct of the tequila industry. In this study, cementitious mortar matrices were reinforced with CNCs produced by acid hydrolysis using sulfuric acid (CNC S) and hydrochloric acid (CNC H). Mortar containing different CNC contents, expressed relative to cement mass, were prepared and evaluated in terms of compressive and flexural strength. The resulting materials were further characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). CNC incorporation increased both compressive and flexural strength, with the best-performing formulations containing 0.35 wt.% CNC S and 0.5 wt.% CNC H. SEM observations showed fewer and smaller microcracks and a narrower interfacial transition zone (ITZ) in CNC-containing mortars than in the control. Thermal and structural analyses indicated that CNC incorporation modifies cement hydration and the organization of hydrated phases. FTIR spectra also showed changes in bands associated with hydroxyl, sulfate, carbonate, and silicate environments, suggesting different interactions of CNC S and CNC H with the cementitious matrix. Overall, Agave-derived CNCs show potential as low-dosage reinforcing additives for Portland cement mortars while providing a value-added route for agroindustrial waste.

Abstract: The technological foundations for creating new composite materials based on solid emulsions of UV photopolymers are considered. Samples of photopolymer composites with artificial porosity, representing solid emulsions based on photopolymer resin and various liquids and colloidal solutions, have been obtained. The work develops methods for synthesis and formation of artificial porous structures, methods for controlling pore morphology, and approaches to filling pores with active liquid phases. Mechanisms for controlling the electrodynamic parameters of such materials are examined, as well as methods for their diagnostics in a wide frequency range. The electrophysical characteristics of the composites in the low-frequency and microwave ranges are investigated. It is shown that the features of the frequency dispersion of the dielectric parameters of the samples are influenced by the presence of a liquid phase in the pores of the composite. The obtained type of composite materials is promising for the development of next-generation acoustic and electrodynamic media with controllable parameters (acoustic impedance, dielectric susceptibility, polarizability, magnetization, attenuation for different types of acoustic and electromagnetic waves). The developed technologies may find practical application in the creation of new functional materials that can be effectively used in the fabrication of metamaterials with unique properties, tunable over a wide frequency range for radio engineering modules, as well as in adaptive electrodynamic and acoustic systems.

Abstract: Construction and demolition waste (C&DW) has been investigated both for radionuclide sorption and as a precursor for geopolymer materials. However, research on C&DW-derived geopolymers has primarily focused on synthesis and characterization, while their role in radionuclide immobilization remains insufficiently explored. This review evaluates C&DW-derived geopolymers as promising matrices for radionuclide immobilization, focusing on retention capabilities and factors influencing immobilization performance. Available studies indicate that waste-derived geopolymer systems can limit radionuclide mobility and leaching, but their performance strongly depends on precursor composition, phase assemblage, and matrix structure. The mineral complexity of C&DW-derived matrices may provide diverse retention pathways, supporting their consideration as immobilization materials. Linking the documented sorption capacity of C&DW materials with the immobilization potential and favorable characteristics of C&DW-derived geopolymer matrices represents a promising approach for developing advanced systems for radionuclide solidification. Due to the limited number of studies directly addressing radionuclide immobilization in C&DW-derived geopolymer systems, evidence from related studies is considered to support assessment of their immobilization capacity. Nevertheless, further clarification is required regarding the integration of existing research findings, precursor heterogeneity, multi-ion interactions, and long-term performance under realistic conditions. Addressing these limitations through systematic investigations is essential to support their application in radioactive waste (RW) management.

Abstract: The present study demonstrated the fabrication of a sustainable, high-performance composite by upcycling waste denim fabric within a cyanoacrylate matrix reinforced with B₄C micro-particles (4, 7, and 10 wt%). XRD and SEM analyses confirmed the successful integration of the ceramic filler and effective fiber encapsulation, with particle agglom-eration identified at 10 wt% loading. The 7 wt% B₄C composition achieved optimum static mechanical performance, with a tensile strength of ~21.5 MPa and Young's modulus of 1.5 GPa — improvements of ~26% and ~88% over the unreinforced matrix — while at 10 wt%, both properties declined below the unreinforced baseline due to agglomeration-induced stress concentration. Under dynamic impact loading, the peak transmitted force increased monotonically from 0.34 kN to 1.31 kN with B₄C content yet remained well below in-ternational impact protection standard thresholds across all compositions. This divergence between static and dynamic responses reveals that impact resistance is governed by particle hardness and packing density, whereas tensile performance depends critically on dispersion quality and fiber–matrix adhesion. Surface wettability analysis showed a marked increase in hydrophobicity, with the water contact angle rising from 105 ± 4° to 133 ± 4° upon B₄C incorporation, consistent with a Cassie–Baxter wetting regime. These results position B₄C-reinforced waste denim–cyanoacrylate composites as a promising, cost-effective, and eco-friendly material platform for potential next-generation Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) applications.

Abstract:

Porous BaTiO₃ (BTO) ceramics with controlled porosity were successfully fabricated using a simple and cost-effective sucrose-assisted route. Porosity was introduced by incorporating 10–50 vol% sucrose as a pore-forming agent, followed by sintering at 1350 °C for 2 h. The use of sucrose as an effective pore-forming agent is corroborated by the systematic reduction in bulk density from ~5.92 to ~4.1 g.cm^-3. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy analysis revealed the retention of the tetragonal phase across all samples, indicating that the introduction of porosity does not alter either the average crystal or local structure. Microstructural analysis demonstrated well-developed grains with heterogeneously distributed and interconnected porosity upon sucrose addition, while maintaining good grain connectivity. Electrical characterisation showed a gradual decrease in maximum polarisation (P_max) from ~21 µC.cm^-2 for dense BTO to ~12 µC.cm^-2 for 50 vol% sucrose samples. Despite increased porosity, the electric field-induced strain response exhibited only a marginal reduction (~0.137% to 0.10%), indicating preserved electromechanical functionality with enhanced large-signal piezoelectric coefficient ~468 pm.V^-1 for the 20 vol% sucrose sample, whereas the 10 vol% counterpart shows the largest ɛ_RT ~1150 with tan δ = 0.005. These results demonstrate that sucrose-assisted fabrication enables effective porosity engineering in BTO without compromising its ferroelectric nature, offering a promising approach for the development of porous ferroelectric ceramics with tunable electromechanical properties.

Abstract: Carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composites were manufactured using the vacuum infusion technique. Composite samples were subjected to impact and then exposed to various weathering conditions. Static and dynamic mechanical tests were performed to evaluate the effect of an additional process step, a plasma treatment of the carbon fiber fabric before the composite is manufactured. Scanning electron microscopy and thermal analysis were used to get further information on the degree of damage after weathering. Treating the reinforcing carbon fibers with air plasma resulted in improved strength values and fatigue behavior of the epoxy resin composite. This performance enhancement persisted even after a low-energy mechanical stress and subsequent weathering.

Abstract: Multilayer ceramic batteries (MLCBs) have emerged as promising chip-type all-solid-state energy-storage devices that combine the safety and thermal stability of oxide ceramic batteries with the manufacturing scalability of multilayer ceramic capacitor (MLCC) technologies. Demand for miniaturized, reliable, and thermally robust power sources in Internet of Things (IoT) systems, wearable electronics, autonomous sensors, and AI-driven edge devices has accelerated interest in ceramic-based multilayer energy-storage architectures. Unlike conventional lithium-ion batteries using flammable liquid electrolytes, MLCBs employ solid ceramic structures that improve nonflammability, thermal stability, and surface-mount-device (SMD) compatibility. This review summarizes recent advances in MLCB technologies, focusing on oxide solid electrolytes, cathode and anode materials, multilayer ceramic manufacturing, co-firing science, interface engineering, and reliability. Key manufacturing challenges include lithium volatilization, shrinkage mismatch, interfacial reactions, pore formation, and stress-induced delamination during multilayer co-sintering. Future directions such as low-temperature co-firing, glass-assisted or hybrid oxide electrolytes, and AI-driven smart manufacturing are discussed. MLCBs are therefore positioned not as miniaturized MLCCs, but as ceramic-integrated electrochemical energy platforms enabled by convergence of MLCC infrastructure and solid-state battery technologies. Unlike conventional solid-state-battery materials reviews, this work emphasizes MLCBs as manufacturing-constrained multilayer ceramic electrochemical systems in which electrolyte chemistry, electrode compatibility, co-firing atmosphere, interfacial reactions, and mechanical reliability must be co-designed.

Abstract: Glass-ceramic foams (BVZ: bottle glass waste–zirconia residue–bentonite) were produced using the polymeric replica method from low-cost raw materials, comprising approximately 85 wt% bottle glass waste and zirconia residue, and 15 wt% regional bentonite. To evaluate the effect of zirconia residue on the microstructure and physicochemical properties of the BVZ foams, aqueous precursor suspensions were prepared with varying proportions of bottle glass waste (59.7–69.7 wt%) and zirconia residue (14.9–19.9 wt%), and sintered at 750 °C, 800 °C, and 850 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed a reduction of the amorphous halo (15–35° 2θ) and an increase in crystallinity with increasing temperature, indicating devitrification of the glassy matrix. The main crystalline phases identified were zircon (ZrSiO₄), nepheline (NaAlSiO₄), AlPO₄, and zirconia (ZrO₂), with evidence of minor domains structurally compatible with NASICON-type phases (NaZr₂(PO₄)₃). In general, glass-ceramic foams produced with high waste content showed greater densification and reduced porosity at 850 °C. The mechanical strength was sufficient for handling and assembly in electrochemical cell components, while the reduced brittleness supports safe processing and indicates potential for scalable manufacturing.

Abstract: Silicon carbide (SiC) nanowires possess unique one-dimensional structural features, excellent mechanical strength, thermal stability and wide bandgap properties, showing great potential in high-temperature electronics, catalysis, sensing and composite reinforcement. Nevertheless, pristine SiC nanowires suffer from inert surface activity, weak interfacial compatibility and limited optoelectronic and catalytic performance. Surface coating and heterojunction engineering are effective strategies to address these deficiencies. This review systematically summarizes the synthesis routes of pristine SiC nanowires, including carbothermal reduction, chemical vapor deposition, template-assisted growth and molten salt synthesis, as well as their morphological regulation, physicochemical properties and inherent limitations. Meanwhile, typical coating methods such as wet chemical, hydrothermal, CVD and PIP are elaborated, and the influences of coating thickness, uniformity, adhesion and lattice/thermal compatibility on performance are summarized. The classification and interfacial charge mechanism of Type II, Z-scheme and Schottky heterojunctions are discussed, and the advances of coated SiC nanowires in photodetection, photocatalysis, gas sensing, electromagnetic shielding and energy storage are reviewed. Current challenges including coating stability, scalable preparation and integration bottlenecks are pointed out, and future research directions focusing on interface control, multifunctional integration and AI-assisted material design are prospected.

Abstract: Additive manufacturing using vat photopolymerization (VPP) resin materials has gained attention for fabricating dental prostheses; however, the effects of material type and build angle on their properties remain unclear. We compared the mechanical properties of two filler-containing VPP hybrid resins, SprintRay Ceramic Crown (CC) and OnX Tough 2 (OT), with those of a conventional polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) disc material, and evaluated the influence of build angle on surface characteristics, dimensional accuracy, and mechanical performance. Specimens were fabricated using a DLP system at build angles of 0°, 45°, and 90°. Vickers hardness, surface morphology and roughness, dimensional deviations, flexural strength, elastic modulus, and fracture energy were assessed according to relevant standards. CC exhibited significantly higher hardness and elastic modulus than PMMA and OT, whereas OT showed the highest fracture energy. Surface morphology and roughness were strongly affected by build angle, with 45° producing distinct periodic patterns and increased roughness. Dimensional evaluation revealed a tendency toward overbuilding, particularly in the vertical direction at 45°. Flexural properties were also influenced by build angle, with 45° generally providing favorable performance. Both material composition and build angle affect VPP-fabricated dental resin performance, highlighting the importance of appropriate material and processing selection for clinical applications.

Abstract: This work reports the synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic performance of mul-tifunctional spheres based on AgNPs-doped TiO2-Fe3O4 embedded in an alginate-chitosan biopolymeric matrix for the removal of organic contaminants from water. The composite powders exhibited a nanocrystalline structure composed of anatase TiO2 (~20 nm) and magnetite (~25 nm), with homogeneously dispersed Ag nanoparticles, as observed by SEM. The spheres presented a mainly submicrometric particle size distribution (0.55-0.92 µm), favoring high surface area and colloidal stability. Under simulated solar irradiation, the material achieved efficient photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue, with a pseu-do-first-order rate constant of 0.112 h⁻¹ and ~46 % decolorization after 5 h. UV-Vis spectra showed progressive attenuation of the dye absorption band without accumulation of in-termediates. The spheres also exhibited strong antibacterial activity, reaching 87 % reduc-tion of total coliforms and >93 % of fecal coliforms after 5 h of irradiation. Magnetic recov-ery tests confirmed rapid separation and reuse without performance loss. The enhanced activity is attributed to the synergistic interaction among plasmonic Ag, photocatalytic TiO2, redox-active Fe3O4, and the adsorptive carbon-biopolymer matrix. The material ex-hibited strong antibacterial activity, achieving over 90% removal of fecal coliforms after 5 h of irradiation Therefore, the developed AgNPs-doped TiO2-Fe3O4 spheres represent a sus-tainable, reusable and efficient material for solar-assisted water sanitation.

Abstract: This study investigates the energy-efficient mechanochemical activation of fly ash derived from Kazakh coals for the development of sustainable cementitious composites. The ap-proach aims to enhance the reactivity of aluminosilicate materials while reducing the en-ergy demand and carbon footprint associated with conventional clinker-based cement production. Mechanochemical activation was performed to increase the specific surface area and in-duce structural defects in the glassy phase of fly ash, thereby improving its reactivity. Chemical activation using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was applied to promote intensive pozzolanic reactions and accelerate dissolution kinetics. The optimal activation conditions were identified as 15 min of mechanical treatment com-bined with 4% NaOH. Under these conditions, the compressive strength reached 35.5 MPa at 28 days, exceeding that of the reference cement (35.0 MPa). At fly ash contents of 15–20%, the composites maintained or improved strength, whereas an increase to 30% resulted in a reduction to 31.5 MPa. Mechanical activation increased the specific surface area to approximately 4800–5000 cm²/g; however, prolonged grinding (up to 30 min) led to particle agglomeration and a de-crease in strength to about 28 MPa. Chemical activation enhanced reaction kinetics without significantly affecting particle fineness. Microstructural analysis revealed the formation of a dense and homogeneous matrix dom-inated by C–S–H, C–A–S–H, and N–A–S–H gel phases with reduced porosity. The com-bined activation approach demonstrated a clear synergistic effect, enabling up to 20% ce-ment replacement without loss of performance. Importantly, the proposed method provides a low-energy pathway for the utilization of industrial waste, contributing to reduced clinker consumption and lower CO₂ emissions. The results highlight the significant potential of Kazakhstan’s industrial by-products for the production of energy-efficient, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective construction materials.

Abstract: Composite components with variable thickness structures often suffer from insufficient forming pressure during curing due to complex pressure transfer in regions with abrupt thickness changes, which easily causes void defects and degrades component performance. In this study, a mechanical vibration-assisted double vacuum bag process is proposed. Finite element analysis of the vibration energy field in saturated porous composites is conducted, and curing experiments for variable-thickness specimens are designed. The effects of vibration, vacuum, and their synergy on void characteristics and mechanical properties are studied using microscopic characterization and mechanical tests. The results indicate that vibration can effectively facilitate gas discharge and accelerate resin flow, while the double vacuum bag process reduces gas discharge resistance in the early curing stage by delaying the vacuum negative pressure application, yet it also results in insufficient resin flow due to this delay. Through the synergistic optimization of vibration-assisted energy field parameters and the double vacuum bag process, gas-induced and flow-induced voids can be effectively suppressed while ensuring curing efficiency, reducing the macroscopic porosity of variable-thickness regions from 8.34% (single vacuum bag process) to 0.43%. This study provides a new approach for the high-quality curing and manufacturing of variable-thickness composite components.

Abstract: Metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells (MS-SOFCs) represent a promising advancement for intermediate-temperature energy conversion applications due to their enhanced mechanical robustness and rapid startup capabilities. This investigation systematically evaluates the correlation between yttria-stabilized zirconia (8YSZ) electrolyte thickness and electrochemical performance in Ni-Fe supported architectures. Three distinct cells featuring YSZ electrolyte thicknesses of 7.05, 14.2, and 21.2 μm were fabricated via tape casting and co-sintering at 1350°C, maintaining identical Ni-Fe support (280 μm) and Ni-YSZ anode (22 μm) thicknesses. Electrochemical characterizations revealed a clear inverse relationship between electrolyte thickness and cell performance. The cell with the thinnest electrolyte (7.05 μm) achieved the highest power density of 0.32 W/cm² at 800°C, representing a 4.6-fold improvement compared to the thickest variant (21.2 μm). Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and Distribution of Relaxation Times analysis confirmed that ohmic resistance dominated the total cell impedance, scaling linearly with electrolyte thickness while electrode kinetics remained consistent. This study establishes that thin YSZ electrolytes (≤8 μm) maximize MS-SOFC performance while maintaining structural integrity through co-sintering fabrication, providing an essential design for high-performance metal-supported fuel cell development.

Abstract: The solidification process is crucial for preparing high-performance ceramic super-conductor. The solidification process is strongly dependent on the characteristics of the starting powder, including particle size, morphology, and phase purity. This review concisely examines the study on four key ceramic superconductors: REBCO, Bi-2212, FeSeTe, and MgB₂. In REBCO, additives such as CeO₂, Pt, or BaO₂ powder can refine the RE-211 phase. In Bi-2212, Pb or Nb powder additions stabilize the high-T_c phase. For FeSeTe, doping with F or Co modifies phase separation and introduces Δκ pinning. Meanwhile, in MgB₂, the incorporation of SiC nanoparticles powder generates effective pinning centers. Concurrently, processing conditions exert a decisive influence on the final microstructure, as demonstrated by the TSMG/TSIG route in REBCO, partial melting parameters for Bi-2212, specific cooling protocols and thermal treatments for FeSeTe, and optimized sintering and post-annealing processes for MgB₂. Future research directions should prioritize fundamental understanding of phase separation mechanisms during powder processing, development of multi-component doping strategies for powder modification, and advancement of scalable powder processing routes for practical conductor architectures.

Abstract: This study investigates the effect of progressive CaO/SrO substitution on the structure, crystallisation behaviour, and coordination chemistry of fluorapatite-forming glass-ceramics in the SiO₂–Al₂O₃–P₂O₅–CaO/SrO–CaF₂ system. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, ³¹P and ¹⁹F MAS-NMR, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to probe both crystallisation and local structural environments. Increasing SrO content reduced the glass transition temperature and suppressed homogenous nucleation, promoting surface-nucleated fluorapatite (Ca5−x​Srx​(PO4​)3​F) formation. XRD confirmed fluorapatite as the primary crystalline phase and revealed systematic lattice expansion consistent with partial Sr²⁺ incorporation. ¹⁹F MAS-NMR indicated limited Sr substitution at Ca(II) sites (solid-solution), while ³¹P MAS-NMR demonstrated pronounced phosphorus deshielding, reflecting sensitivity of phosphate tetrahedra to local coordination distortion rather than extensive Sr occupancy. Integrating these findings provides a comprehensive framework for interpreting structural and coordination changes in Sr-fluorapatite glass-ceramics.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the adhesion of primary colonizers of the oral biofilm on five adhesive restorative materials. For each material (Admira Fusion, Clearfil AP-X, Durafill VS, Filtek Supreme XTE, Venus Diamond) sixteen test specimens were prepared according to a standardized protocol. For pellicle formation, the specimens were incubated for two hours at 37 °C with sterile-filtered inactivated human saliva. The bacteria (S. oralis, S. gordonii, S. sanguinis, S. mitis, A. spp.) were cultivated and suspended. A bacteria mix was prepared from the suspensions. The specimens with pellicles were wetted with the bacterial mix and incubated at 37 °C for 8 hours. The total genomic DNA of the adhered bacteria was isolated and subsequently quantified using SYBR Green qPCR. For S. gordonii, S. oralis and A. spp., no significant differences in the amount of adhered bacterial DNA were found between the different materials. DNA concentration of S. mitis was significantly higher on Filtek Supreme XTE compared to the other materials. Significantly higher DNA concentrations of S.sanguinis could also be detected on Filtek Supreme XTE compared to Clearfil AP-AX and Durafill VS.