Abstract: Pasture-based ruminant systems link nitrogen (N) nutrition with ecosystem N cycling. Grazing ruminants convert fibrous forages into milk and meat but excrete 65 to 80% of ingested N, creating excreta hotspots that drive ammonia volatilization, nitrate leaching, and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions. This review synthesizes ecological and rumen-nutrition evidence on N flows, emphasizing microbial processes, biological N₂ fixation, plant diversity, and urine patch biogeochemistry, and evaluates strategies to improve N use efficiency (NUE). We examine rumen N metabolism in relation to microbial protein synthesis, urea recycling, and dietary factors including crude protein concentration, energy supply, forage composition, and plant secondary compounds that modulate protein degradability and microbial N capture, thereby influencing N partitioning among animal products, urine, and feces, as reflected in milk and blood urea N. Also, examine how grazing patterns and excreta distribution, assessed with sensor technologies, modify N flows. Evidence indicates that integrated management combining dietary manipulation, forage diversity, targeted grazing, and decision tools can increase farm-gate NUE from 20-25% to over 30% while sustaining performance. Framing these processes within the global N cycle positions pasture-based ruminant systems as critical leverage points for aligning ruminant production with environmental and climate sustainability goals.

Abstract: Background: Lazzaretto Vecchio (old Lazaret), founded in 1423 in the Venetian lagoon, is the world’s earliest permanent quarantine hospital. For nearly three centuries, it served as the primary containment and burial site for both residents and travelers, who died under suspicion of infectious disease. Historical records describe tens of thousands of deaths during major Venetian plague epidemics and mandated burial on the quarantine islands. Yet, the small artificial island could physically accommodate only a fraction of the recorded deaths. Most epidemic victims appear absent from the official burial grounds, exposing a striking discrepancy between the material record and historical narratives of early epidemic containment. Hypothesis: Lazzaretto Vecchio was not a comprehensive burial ground for Venice’s epidemic dead, but a demographic and evolutionary filter. We evaluate three hypotheses: (H1) Venetian Plague House: quarantine burials are dominated by residents, and residents account for most total deaths. (H2a) Ellis Island Effect: burials predominantly represent travelers intercepted at the maritime frontier. (H2b) Secret Republic Fire: peak urban deaths were rapidly removed through undocumented emergency disposal, leaving little archaeological trace. H1 is mutually exclusive with either H2a or H2b. H2a and H2b are complementary, together describing a dual-regime containment system in which Lazzaretto Vecchio functioned differently under normal (H2a) versus crisis conditions (H2b). Methods Feasibility: Approximately 1,200 individuals are sampled for analysis. Ancient DNA, pathogen screening, stable isotopes, proteomics, radiocarbon dating, and stratigraphic modeling will reconstruct demographic composition, geographic origin, kinship structure, and pathogen dynamics. Hypotheses Testing: If H1 is correct, then remains should primarily reflect Venice’s general population, adults and children in family groups. If H2a is correct, then remains should consist largely of unaccompanied adults of diverse geographic origin, with pathogen genomes showing stalling, extinction, or limited transmission. If H2b is correct, then radiocarbon and stratigraphic gaps will mark epidemic peaks absent from burial layers, indicating crisis mortality managed through off-record disposal. Conclusions: Lazzaretto Vecchio offers an archaeological testbed for a dual-regime epidemic system, routine quarantine mortality coupled with hidden surge disposal, and a hypothesis-driven model for how governance, logistics, and containment infrastructure may shape pathogen evolution and resilience.

Abstract: A once extensive forest with an abundance of wild fruit trees (progenitors of domestic apple, pear, cherry, apricot and more) once extended from the Tian Shan Mountains of Kazakhstan through Iran, Turkmenistan, Georgia, and Armenia, finally reaching a western limit in Anatolia. Only relict stands remain, which are high priority for conservation. This center of crop ancestral diversity was first recognized by Vavilov as one of his “Centers of Origin” but the full range of this forest type is only recently appreciated as in the book by Spengler. A chance encounter with a stand of this forest in Iran led me to research the composition and extent of this forest, its dispersal, and its fate. This forest, with its abundance of fruit trees, crossed from northern Mesopotamia to the foothills of the Himalayas in ancient times and may have been the source for the mythical Garden of Eden.

Abstract:

African grasses deliberately introduced for cattle forage have become among the most destructive invaders of tropical wetlands globally, yet invasion mechanisms and management strategies remain poorly understood. We conducted field experiments examining competition dynamics between the invasive African grass Echinochloa pyramidalis and native wetland species in La Mancha, Mexico—a Ramsar site of international importance. Experiment 1 tested invasion potential within native Sagittaria lancifolia zones using four treatments: control, herbicide removal, E. pyramidalis transplant, and combined removal + transplant. Repeated measures ANOVA showed significant treatment and time effects on invasion success, with vegetation removal facilitating invasion (relative importance value increasing from 0 to 149.4 ± 26.6 after 18 months) while transplants alone failed to establish (RIV < 7.0). Sagittaria maintained 35-48% biomass across treatments, demonstrating coexistence capacity. Experiment 2 examined natural invasion of the vegetation ecotone over 49 months. Mixed-effects models revealed that E. pyramidalis increased dominance in its zone (β = 9.98, z = 4.77, p < 0.001) but showed minimal expansion into adjacent Sagittaria habitat, indicating propagule limitation rather than competitive exclusion as the invasion constraint. Sagittaria removal within E. pyramidalis zones significantly reduced invasion temporal increase (β = -6.44, z = -2.18, p = 0.030), suggesting biotic resistance. Results demonstrate that E. pyramidalis possesses invasion potential but requires disturbance to overcome establishment barriers. These findings support prevention-based management prioritizing disturbance limitation in intact wetlands and demonstrate that hydrological management maintaining permanent flooding (>30 cm depth) can effectively control established invasions by exploiting C₄ photosynthetic limitations. Conservation implications for Mexican coastal wetlands—which lack legal protection equivalent to mangroves despite comparable ecosystem services—are discussed. These findings inform evidence-based management of African grass invasions in tropical wetlands worldwide.

Abstract: A challenge in the ethological study of wild animals is the need for detailed, long-term observations, which work is particularly difficult in the case of sharks. Consequently, most research relies on tagging and remote sensing technologies to provide presence-absence data in which the behavioural and social context is lacking. In contrast, this study employed direct underwater observation to document the movements of 475 identified blacktip reef sharks (Carcharhinus melanopterus) along the north shore of Mo’orea Island, French Polynesia. Over 6.5 years, repeated sightings across multiple locations revealed movement as a defining feature of C. melanopterus behaviour; juveniles demonstrated substantial mobility even at an early age. The principal drivers were the reproductive season and the lunar phase. A tendency to avoid turbulent regions and absences linked to fishing mortality were also evident. Individual variation was pronounced, reflecting behavioural flexibility and complex spatial ecology. By linking observed movements to behavioural context, this ethological approach complements telemetry-based studies and highlights the need for integrative research strategies. These findings also underline the importance of integrating both site fidelity and wide-ranging roaming behaviour into conservation strategies. Effective protection—including through the design of Marine Protected Areas—must account for the breadth of their movements to ensure the persistence of populations and the resilience of coral reef ecosystems. Ultimately, given the continuing threats from the shark fin trade and illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing, a total ban on the international trade in sharks, rays, chimaeras and their parts remains urgently needed.

Abstract: Information on the breeding of the Pinto’s Spinetail Synallaxis infuscata, an endangered Brazilian Furnariid, is scarce. This study aims to complement it, by looking at nest and clutch parameters, breeding period, and nest success. Once nests were found, they were closely monitored from a hide. Between 1986 and 2018, 33 nests were found in the Pedra Talhada Forest near Quebrangulo. Nests were found year-round, except in middle of the dry season. Nests were of the closed/retort type, weighing 552.1 g, and measuring 37.6 x 28.8 cm, with a side arm of 30.6 x 4.9 cm., on average. The clutch size averaged 2.10 eggs, which measured 22.25 x 17.18 mm and weighed 3.17 g. They were white and had an oval to pointed-oval shape. Mean incubation period was 21.5 days, and mean nestling period 14.71 days. The apparent nest success was 27.3%, while Mayfield’s was 21.8%. Predation was the main cause of nest failure, accounting for 81% of cases. The breeding data we collected on S. infuscata falls within the range of observations of a comprehensive analysis on other Synallaxis species. This breeding information is important for conservation, as rates of nest loss are a key factor in evaluating population viability.

Abstract:

Deep-sea hydrothermal vent fauna is often regarded as highly endemic, although exceptions have been reported. We examined genetic connectivity across broad spatial scales within the alvinocaridid genus Rimicaris, which has undergone substantial adaptive radiation worldwide. We analyzed six Rimicaris species using three genetic markers (COI, 16S, and H3) and complete mitogenomes, using newly generated sequences combined with publicly available sequence data. Genetic tree and haplotype networks were constructed, and divergence analyses were performed. As a result, three clades of paired Rimicaris species were identified, each comprising taxa from different oceanic regions, but showing relatively low COI divergence (0.35–1.90%). In Clade I, Rimicaris chacei and Rimicaris hybisae are morphologically similar and exhibit bidirectional gene flow, suggesting a dispersal route between the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and Mid-Cayman Spreading Center. In Clade II, Rimicaris exoculata and Rimicaris kairei are morphologically, genetically, and ecologically distinct, reflecting restricted connectivity between the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and Carlsberg Ridge–Central Indian Ridge. In Clade III, Rimicaris variabilis and Rimicaris cf. variabilis differ in nutritional strategies, showing a unidirectional dispersal route from the northern Central Indian Ridge to the southwestern Pacific, but morphological data to distinguish them are currently lacking. Some Rimicaris lineages maintain connectivity across distinct oceanic regions while others still form unique regional populations. This finding highlights the need for conservation strategies that incorporate both global-scale connectivity and regional endemism, rather than treating vent ecosystems as a single homogeneous management unit.

Abstract: What mechanisms drive and shape the stepwise evolution from simple carbon-based materials (CBMs) into complex organisms and societies? This fundamental question spans life's origin, biological diversification, and societal development, yet remains unresolved because it has often been studied in isolation. Through cross-disciplinary integrative reasoning, empirical validation, and mathematical modeling, here we extend Darwinian theory to formulate the Carbon-Based Evolutionary Theory (CBET) ¾ the first explicit framework that unifies chemical, biological, and social evolution. CBET highlights energy flow, functions of CBMs, environmental influence, and mathematical rules. It derives three axioms and two key mechanisms ¾ spriodynamic feedback and natural selection, which drive and shape the stepwise evolution from carbon atoms to societies, respectively. CBET schematically explains how CBMs diversify, elevate hierarchies, increase fitness, and enhance orderliness and complexity. Furthermore, CBET refines fitness calculation and clarifies five common misunderstandings about evolution. It elucidates the natural balance of competition versus inclusiveness, selfishness versus altruism, and individual versus collective interests, thereby offering a scientific foundation for fostering balanced, harmonious societal development.

Abstract: Anguilla japonica is a catadromous fish widely distributed in coastal areas, rivers, and adjacent water bodies in China, North Korea, Japan, and other regions. The Yangtze River Estuary serves as a crucial passage for A. japonica migrating downstream to the sea. The peak migration period occurs from late September to early November each year, during which a large number of adult A. japonica appear on the market. However, during market supervision and law enforcement, it is difficult to determine their origin and whether they come from prohibited fishing areas. Therefore, there is an urgent need to trace the origin of A. japonica from different water bodies. This study used muscle elemental fingerprint analysis (EFA) to determine the geographical origin of A. japonica from different water bodies. The results showed that A. japonica from different habitats had distinct elemental compositions in their muscles. Specifically, A. japonica from estuary waters (EW) were characterized by significantly higher levels of V and Hg compared to other water bodies. Na was identified as a key discriminant element among different habitats, with its content significantly increasing in river waters (RW), EW, and offshore waters (OW), respectively. Discriminant analysis selected four discriminant elements (V, Hg, Na and Cu) from 21 elemental compositions, among which V, Hg and Na were the three key distinguishing elements. Based on the composition of these four discriminant elements in the muscles of A. japonica from different habitats, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were applied and validated, successfully achieving rapid and accurate origin tracing and verification for new samples. Therefore, the application of muscle EFA can achieve geographical traceability of A. japonica from different habitats. The analytical method and verification process for origin tracing established in this study can be successfully applied to market supervision for tracing the origin of samples with unknown sources.

Abstract:

The “algarrobo”, Neltuma pallida is a key tree species in the seasonally dry tropical forests in Equatorial Pacific South America, currently at risk. Its regeneration depends on endozoochorous seed dispersal, in which seeds are ingested and later defecated by animals, helping to release and scarify them. This study compared the role of the native white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and the introduced goat (Capra hircus) in seed dispersal. Seeds were recovered from the dung of both species after experimental feeding and from free-ranging goats grazing in fruiting N. pallida forests. Seed recovery was higher in deer dung (9.4%) than in goat dung (3.1%). Retention time was also shorter in deer (peak at 48 hours) than in goats (peak at 84 hours). Only deer scarification significantly improved germination percentage (Tukey test, p < 0.001) and germination speed (T25 = 8.98 days). Goats reduced germination speed under experimental conditions (T25 = 19.25 days), but slightly improved it under forest conditions (T25 = 12.81 days). These differences are attributed to the morphophysiological traits of each species. Although goats did not enhance overall germination, they maintained it at ~44% and contributed to seed dispersal and dormancy release.

Abstract:

The emergence of the Third Plague Pandemic in 19th-century Yunnan, linked to Yersinia pestis strain 1.ORI, remains incompletely understood. Applying a One Health framework, this study investigates how human-driven ecological and societal disruptions during the 19th century compromised zoonotic barriers, facilitating initial spillover and a bottleneck event that enabled global spread. Our interdisciplinary methodology analyzes Qing dynasty gazetteers, historical medical records, and environmental data, integrated with biological evidence on transmission dynamics involving commensal rats and the flea vector Xenopsylla cheopis. Results indicate that convergent factors—including widespread deforestation, intensified mining/agriculture, population growth, high synanthropic rat densities, and the disruptions of the Panthay Rebellion—collectively created a high-risk interface for zoonotic transfer. Critically, comorbidities such as malnutrition, heavy metal exposure, and opium use likely eroded host immune resilience in both rodent and human populations, amplifying transmission. Yunnan’s rapid socio-ecological transformation was thus a critical catalyst for pandemic emergence. This analysis underscores how historical land-use, demographic shifts, and public health conditions shaped zoonotic risk. Crucially, a One Health assessment must analyze interactions across time and space, recognizing that environmental, biological, and socioeconomic changes occur on non-uniform temporal scales. This spatiotemporal perspective provides a framework that offers deeper insight into past pandemic origins and for anticipating contemporary vulnerabilities.

Abstract: Life is defined by self-governing networks of molecules changing conformation cyclically to convert thermodynamic motion into directional work that creates structure. A spectrum of scale, from nanoscopic to macroscopic, involves a shift from intracellular thermody-namically driven processes (thermal agitation ultimately rooted in quantum phenomena) to intercellular bulk flows described by classical physics; from short-distance transport involving diffusion and cytoskeletal transport to long-distance pressure fluxes in hydrau-lic networks. A review of internal transport systems in macroscopic eukaryotes suggests that a key evolutionary step favoring large size and multicellularity involved exploiting molecular-scale stochasticity to generate organized bulk flows (e.g. motor proteins collec-tively generating mechanical pressures in metazoan tissues such as cardiac muscle; within tracheophytes, active and passive phloem loading/unloading inducing pressure gradients, and active regulation enabling passive xylem function and hydraulic reliability; sieve-like conduction in heterokonts; peristaltic shuttle streaming in myxogastrian plas-modia). All macroscopic physiologies are underpinned by Brownian dynamics and thus quantum mechanics. Although well documented separately, acknowledgment of the role of quantum mechanics as the foundation of physiology unites the smallest single cells with the largest multicellular organisms across the tree of life; demonstrating how all large biological organisms represent an outgrowth of the smallest scales of physics.

Abstract: Numerous studies have been conducted to reveal the diversity of mammals in Türkiye, primarily including biodiversity projects carried out nationwide by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. Understanding the geographical distribution of species is crucial for biodiversity conservation, and the mammal diversity in each studied region will play a significant role. The data from this study were compared with literature data from various fields, especially regarding geographical and climatic differences; statistical analyses were conducted on species richness, Shannon entropy, and the Jaccard index. Thirty-six species were evaluated, with two new records (Dryomys nitedula and Felis silvestris) from Ağrı province. Total differences in species composition (βjac) between Ağrı and other regions ranged between 0,22-0,62 for medium and large-sized mammals, 0.62–0.92 for small mammals, and 0.53–0.80 for all mammals. The findings suggest that the distribution of mammal species in Ağrı is highly similar to that of Eastern Anatolian provinces such as Van and Bingöl. Conversely, when compared with studies from the Mediterranean and Aegean regions, significant differences in species diversity and composition are evident. This study aims to contribute to regional biodiversity knowledge and global conservation efforts by filling existing data gaps.

Abstract: Insect pollination, a critical ecological process, pre-dates the emergence of angiosperms by nearly 300 million years, with fossil evidence indicating pollination interactions between insects and non-angiosperm seed plants during the Late Paleozoic. This re-view examines the symbiotic relationships between insects and gymnosperms in pre-angiosperm ecosystems, highlighting the complexity of these interactions. Fossil records suggest that the mutualistic relationships between insects and gymnosperms, which facilitated plant reproduction, were as intricate and diverse as the modern in-teractions between angiosperms and their pollinators, particularly bees. These early pollination systems likely involved specialized behaviors and plant adaptations, re-flecting a sophisticated evolutionary dynamic long before the advent of flowering plants. The Anthropocene presents a dichotomy: while climate change and anthropogenic pressures threaten insect biodiversity and risk disrupting angiosperm reproduction, such upheaval may simultaneously generate opportunities for novel plant–insect in-teractions as ecological niches are vacated. Understanding the deep evolutionary his-tory of pollination offers critical insight into the mechanisms underlying the resilience and adaptability of these mutualisms. The evolutionary trajectory of bees—originating from predatory wasps, diversifying alongside angiosperms, and reorganizing after mass extinctions—exemplifies this dynamic, demonstrating how pollination networks persist and reorganize under environmental stress and underscoring the enduring health, resilience, and adaptability of these essential ecological systems.

Abstract: Recent developments in next-generation sequencing have improved the reliability of phylogenetic trees, allowing genome-wide phylogenetic analyses. Fusarium fungi are important phytopathogenic and clinical fungi. As the identification of species in this genus is conducted on a species complex (SC) basis, evaluating the monophyly of each SC and its evolutionary history are important. Recently, genome-scale phylogenetic analyses using a concatenation approach based on DNA data identified the putative phylogeny of Fusarium SCs. However, different data types and analytical approaches often yield different trees, and the possibility of alternative phylogenetic relationships has not yet been discussed. In this study, phylogenetic analyses using concatenation and coalescence approaches as well as polytomy tests based on DNA and amino acid data from 1,190 genes were performed on 23 Fusarium SCs. Our results suggest that (i) F. commune is independent of F. nisikadoi SC; (ii) the branching order among F. oxysporum SC, F. newnwsense SC, and F. nisikadoi SC cannot be determined; and (iii) the phylogenetic position of F. buxicola is inconsistent among the analyses. This study provides novel insights into the evolutionary history of Fusarium SCs and has implications for their classification and identification.

Abstract: We present a formal synthesis of the TCGS-SEQUENTION framework with foundational research in collective animal behavior. We posit that the "superorganism" concept, as defined by Wheeler , is not an analogy but a precise description of a coherent three-dimensional (3-D) shadow manifold \( (\Sigma_{bio}) \)—a projection of a single four-dimensional (4-D) source singularity (Axiom A2: Identity-of-Source). This projection-first ontology geometrically resolves the "combination problem" of panpsychism [1]; the colony mind does not "emerge" from the combination of 3-D ant-minds but is a \emph{projection} of a unitary 4-D content. We map Wheeler's "germ-plasm" (queen) and "soma" (worker) duality to the empirically observed "generalized" (queen) and "specialized" (worker) brain architectures , demonstrating they are differential projections of this single source. We argue that 3-D collective behaviors—such as the "distributed process" of task allocation and "multiscale competency" —are the observable phenomenology of the shadow collective following the gradients of the 4-D biological informational potential (\emph{U}), as defined by the SEQUENTION constitutive law \( J = \mu_{bio}(...) \nabla\mathcal{U} \). Finally, we demonstrate that empirical 3-D non-local phenomena, specifically the "scale-free correlations" \( (\xi \sim L) \) observed in flocks , are the definitive "smoking gun" signature of the framework's "Retrocausal, Non-Local Counterspace Coupling" (\( K_s \)) kernel , which provides non-local coordination across foliation leaves.

Abstract: Classical branching-process theory, developed by Galton and Watson in the nineteenth century and later refined by Fisher and Haldane, provides the formal framework for quantifying the fate of new mutants, new viral and bacterial pathogens, new coloniza-tion of invasive species, etc. It is a powerful tool to quantify and predict the effect of differential reproductive success on the speciation potential of evolutionary lineages. Here, I revisit the conceptual framework of the branching process, detail its mathe-matical development over time, tie up a few historical loose strings, and highlight its potential applications in modern ecology and evolutionary biology.

Abstract: In northwestern Ecuador, where more than 90% of the original forest cover has been lost, it is unknown how soil chemistry influences bat diversity. This study evaluated bat diversity, non-herbaceous plant community structure, and soil nutrients in 30 plots distributed across crops on two farms separated by 32 km. Soil analyses revealed vari-ations in organic matter and nutrients, identifying potassium, calcium, magnesium, and zinc as the most influential. A total of 1,470 individuals of 24 non-herbaceous plant species and 193 individuals of 16 bat species were recorded, dominated by frugivorous and nectarivorous guilds. Correlation analyses showed significant associations between bat diversity indices and soil nutrients. These elements improve tree growth, fruiting, and flowering, which increases the quality and availability of food resources for bats. In return, these mammals provide key ecosystem services such as pollination, seed dis-persal, and insect control. Our findings highlight that soil chemistry indirectly regulates bat communities by influencing vegetation structure and resource availability. This in-tegrated approach underscores the importance of soil-plant-animal interactions in tropical agricultural landscapes, offering practical guidance.

Abstract: This study investigated the toxic effects of 0-1 mg/L polystyrene microplastics (0.5 μm) on juvenile Sebastes schlegelii through a 24-day indoor exposure experiment. The results showed that the exposure group of ≥ 0.1 mg/L induced significant physiological damage, and the liver antioxidant system showed dynamic imbalance (SOD activity first increased and then decreased, CAT activity was inhibited by 30-50%), and the accumulation of lipid peroxidation product MDA reached 200%; Immunosuppression manifests as a 20-35% decrease in lysozyme activity and a significant increase in the concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF - α and IL-6; The survival rate of the high concentration group (1 mg/L) decreased to 82%, and the weight gain rate decreased by 40%. At the behavioral level, the contradictory response induced by microplastics was revealed for the first time: individual swimming speed decreased by 35-50% (significantly correlated with 30% inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity, P&lt;0.05), while at the population level, defensive clustering was quantified by nearest neighbor distance (NND) and inter individual distance (IID), showing a 40% reduction in IID in the high concentration group, (P&lt;0.05). But the group polarity (PP) decreased by 50% (P&lt;0.05), and the exposed motor coordination was severely impaired. The results indicate that microplastics, at concentrations ≥ 0.1 mg/L, simultaneously disrupt individual functions and group behavioral adaptability through a dual mechanism of oxidative damage and neurotoxicity.

Abstract: Thanks to the Next Generation Sequencing technologies, the diversity of Fungi can now be investigated through the analysis of their genome sequences. Naviculisporaceae is a family within the Sordariales, whose diversity is not well known, with only one genome sequence published for this family. Here, we report the isolation and cultivation of 20 new strains of Naviculisporaceae. Their genome sequences, as well as those of five commercially available strains, were determined, thus providing complete genome sequences for 25 new Naviculisporaceae strains. Species delimitation was conducted using a combination of (1) ITS + LSU phylogenetic analysis of the new isolates along with other known species of the family, (2) comparisons between DNA barcode sequences of the new strains with those of known species, and (3) average genome-wide nucleotide identity calculation. We built a phylogenomic tree and studied the organization of the mating-type locus. In vitro fruiting was obtained for 16 strains, enabling the definition of seven new species: Pseudorhypophila gallica, Pseudorhypophila guyanensis Rhypophila alpibus, Rhypophila brasiliensis, Rhypophila camarguensis, Rhypophila reunionensis and Rhypophila thailandica, as well as two new com-binations: Pseudorhypophila latipes and Pseudorhypophila oryzae. Eight strains for which in-vitro fruiting was not obtained may belong to additional new species. These results ex-pand the known diversity of the Naviculisporaceae and greatly enlarge the genomic data available for the family.