The article analyzes the problems connected with ensuring the coordinated operation of slipway drives that arise during the launch of a ship. The dynamic model of load of the electric drive of the ship's cart is obtained taking into account the peculiarities of the construction of the ship-lifting complex, which allows to analyze the influence of external factors and random influences during the entire process of launching the ship. A linearized mathematical model of the dynamics of a complex vessel movement in the process of descent in the space of states is developed, which allows to identify the mode of operation of the multi-drive system, taking into account its structure. The analysis of efficiency of application of recurrent methods of identification (stochastic approximation and least squares) of the parameters of the linearized model in the space of states is carried out. A decision support system has been developed in the automated system of operational control by the module for estimating the situation and the control synthesis to ensure a coherent motion of a complex ship-carts object in a two-phase environment.

Micro-nano-plastics (MNPs) are an important constituent of atmospheric aerosol. However, there is still no standard procedure for their sampling and size fractionation, which is an obstacle to the aggregation and critical analysis of results obtained by different research groups. This review focuses on the sampling and fractionation methodologies used for MNPs. Moreover, a straightforward optimized methodology for the sampling and fractionation is proposed.

The fitting and modeling of skewed, complex, symmetric, and asymmetric datasets is an exciting research topic in many fields of applied sciences, notably lifetime, medical, and financial sciences. The Heavy tailed Nadarajah Haghighi model is introduced by compounding the heavy tailed family and Nadarajah Haghighi distribution in this paper. The so obtained model has three parameters accounting for the scale and shape of the distribution. The proposed distribution's fundamental characteristics such as probability density, cumulative distribution, hazard rate, and survival functions are provided, and several key statistical properties are established, and several entropy information measures are proposed. The estimation of model parameter is performed via the ML procedure. Further, different simulation experiments are conducted to demonstrate the performance of proposed estimator’s using some measure, like the average estimate, the average bias, and associated mean square error. Finally, we are applied our proposed model to analyze three different real datasets. In our illustration, we are compared the practicality of the recommended model with several well-known competing models.

The ongoing challenge to ensure a sustainable and affordable energy supply forces industrial companies to implement appropriate measures. These measures typically lead to an increased system complexity, which has to be addressed during operation. Whereas existing approaches from the field of supervisory and optimal control appear to be capable of mastering this issue, these are still not adopted in industry. Therefore, this work presents a procedure model for the systematic development of application-oriented operating strategies for industrial energy supply systems. The procedure model combines research approaches from the fields of sequencing control and approximate MPC to extract rule-based operating strategies. By splitting the procedure model into five phases, expert knowledge can be integrated in a target-oriented manner. Subsequently to the description, the procedure model is exemplary applied to the example of an industrial heating supply system. Throughout an optimization study, the developed operating strategy is compared to a MPC strategy as well as a baseline strategy. Whereas the conventional MPC approach is the upper bound with regard to optimality, the developed operating strategy is able to generate comparable results. Compared to the baseline strategy, a relative reduction in operating expenses of 5.4 % to 37.0 % are achieved in this specific use case.

(1) Background: Hemispherotomy is the generally accepted treatment for hemispheric drug resistant epilepsy (DRE). Lateral or vertical approaches are performed according to the surgeon's preference. Multiples technical variations have been proposed since Delalande first described his vertical technique. We propose a sub-insular variation of the vertical parasagittal hemispherotomy (VPH) and describe our case series of patients operated on with this procedure. (2) Methods: a continuous series of patients operated on by the senior author (CR) with the modified sub-insular VPH was retrospectively analyzed. We report the demographic pre-operative characteristics, epilepsy and functional outcome as well as the surgical complications.(3) Results: Twenty-five patients were operated on between August 2008 and August 2023, twenty-three of them have at least a 3-month follow-up. On this last group 86,3% of patients were seizure-free. Only two patients developed post-operative hydrocephalus (8.7%), all patients with autonomous preoperative walk and 86,3% of the total series were able to walk without assistance (86.3%) and perform adapted social activities at last follow-up.(4) Conclusion: The modified vertical parasagittal sub-insular hemispherotomy is a successful surgical technique for hemispheric DRE with seizure freedom rates similar to the biggest series reported in the literature. Compared to other series, patients operated with our modified technique had a lower rate of postoperative hydrocephalus and excellent long-term motor and cognitive outcome.

The paper addresses the problem of a statistically significant numerical evaluation of the biomechanics of respiration using the motion of the ribcage through the identification of the kinematics of the sixth rib. We report the results of an experimental campaign conducted using a RESPIRholter device prototype for efficient, comfortable, and numerical monitoring on two groups of volunteers, namely with healthy people and with chest operated patients. The results are reported in terms of statistical processing of the data extracted from the monitoring which are represented in plots of acquired motion characteristics with movement graphs in terms of angles and accelerations. This experimental campaign can be considered a first result for the construction of a database useful for a reference of diagnostics as reported by the discussed example case study.

The bond index is an indicator of the grindability of the material and is widely used in the preparation of mineral raw materials and the cement industry. Paper offers new, abbreviated and simplified procedure to determine Bond work index that relies on first-order kinetics law and can be performed with any number of grinding cycles, depending on the desired accuracy of the required data. The parameters G and P80 of each grinding cycle are multiplied by the newly founded coefficients giDT and piDT to obtain values approximately equal to these parameters of the last grinding cycle when the equilibrium state is reached in the standard test. The paper presents comparative results obtained by standard Bond and new shortened procedure on individual samples of andesite, limestone, copper-ore and smelter slag and on composite samples of andesite from limestone and copper-ore with smelter slag in different mass ratios. As the number of grinding cycles increases, the precision of the shortened procedure increases, and the mean square error decrease 3.59%, 2.61% and 1.74% for two, three and four grinding cycles.

System level diagnosis is an abstraction of high level and, thus, its practical implementation to particular cases of complex systems is the task which requires additional investigations, both theoretical and modeling. Mostly, diagnosis at system level intends to identify only permanently faulty units. In the paper, we consider the case when both permanently and intermittently faulty units can occur in the system. Identification of intermittently faulty units has some specifics which we have considered in this paper. We also suggest the method which allows distinguishing among different types of intermittent faults. Diagnosis procedure was suggested for each type of intermittent faults.

Background: The main factors to influence on the stroking performance of club head are alloy and spring-like effect. Design the structure of new club face to create the fairway wood which can show best stroking feeling and let driving distance become longer. Purpose: The club face of fairway wood is processed through the iron alloy heating procedure and CNC to innovate the club head with high spring-like effect (characteristic time). Method: (1) Use 455 stainless steel processed by heating and aging treatment, to do the analysis on microstructure and mechanical properties. (2) Through CNC to design seven different patterns for the back of club face, each pattern for three club head. The total amount is twenty-one. (3) Make finished product be test the characteristic time and the ability of strike by the practical measurement. (4) To analyze after the compare between three-way ANOVA and LSD. Results: After 455 stainless steel was heated in procedure S850℃-A550℃, mechanical properties became superior and had the better malleability, it is suitable for developing the club face of high spring-like effect. Before and after grinding among three-way ANOVA (pattern*thickness*place), did not achieve the significant level on the figure of characteristic time. Through two-way ANOVA (pattern*place and thickness*place), showed the significant deviation before and after grinding. After doing the crash test by 45m/s, all the results can reach the higher limited standard. Summary: 455 stainless steel was designed with the different club face’s thicknesses of fairway wood can make spring-like effect achieve high characteristic time. The much thinner club face let the characteristic time perform highly. But there was no obvious effects from the patterns of the back club face.

On the eve of the Brexit process, in the context of a rising Euroscepticism that fuels the modest confidence of European citizens in their national and European institutions, the article assesses the efficiency and effectiveness of the European Parliament within the framework of the ordinary legislative procedure (co-decision). After defining and formulating the main indicators, the paper analyses the micro- and macro-performance of the European Parliament within the decision-making process from a quantitative-qualitative and a qualitative-quantitative perspective, highlighting the relativizing factors and the responsiveness of the European decision-making process to the Europeans’ needs.

Aim. Atherosclerotic complex femoropopliteal lesions have traditionally been treated with bypass surgery. A prosthetic graft is used to save the vein graft for more distal revascularization or when unavailable. However, the endovascular approach has gained popularity and is offered as first-line strategy for complex lesions. This study aimed to evaluate whether endovascular procedures for complex femoropopliteal native lesions can be a first-line treatment strategy over open surgery with prosthetic bypass in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Methods. A retrospective study was conducted between 2013 and 2021 to identify patients with symptomatic PAD who required limb revascularization at the femoropopliteal segment and complex lesions (TASC II C and D). Primary endpoints were technical success, primary patency, freedom from clinically driven target lesion revascularization (cdTLR), freedom from major adverse limb and cardiovascular events (MALE and MACE), freedom from limb loss, and survival. Secondary endpoints were length of in-hospital stay, duration of the procedure, and costs. Results. We identified 185 limbs among 174 suitable candidates for comparison, wherein 105 were treated with endovascular procedure and 80 with femoral popliteal prosthetic bypass. Most patients in both groups presented with chronic limb-threatening limb ischemia, and all were ASA >3. There were more octogenarians (p = 0.02) and patients with coronary disease (p = 0.004) in the endovascular group. Median follow-up was 30 months. Technical failure rate for endovascular procedures was 4.8% vs 0% in the open group (p 0.003). Freedom from MACE was similar in both groups. The endovascular group showed superior primary patency (p<0.0001), cdTLR (p<0.0001), MALE (p<0.0001), and freedom from limb loss (p = 0.0018) at 24 months. Further analysis performed for the open above-the-knee subgroup showed that the aforementioned endpoints were similar at 12 months, and favoured the endovascular group at 24 months. Procedural time and in-hospital stay were longer in the open group (p<0.0001 and p<0.001). Finally, procedural cost was 10-fold lower in the endovascular bypass group than in the prosthetic bypass group. Conclusion. Endovascular procedures for complex femoropopliteal lesions are safe in patients at high risk for surgery and show better outcomes at 24 months than prosthetic bypasses. The latter may be considered as an alternative in cases of endovascular failure.

Research on alternatives to rectal thermometry in canine and feline patients has focused on equipment and measurement location but not procedure duration. In a cross-over designed clinical scenario, we evaluated the time prior to and after (Pre-TempT and Post-TempT) rectal and axillary thermometry in canine (n = 114) and feline (n = 72) patients. Equipment duration was controlled for to determine a presumptive total time (TTime) associated with each thermometry method. Pre-TempT and TTime was significantly shorter in axillary thermometry trials for both canine and feline pets (P < 0.001). There was no difference in Post-TempT between thermometry methods in canine patients (P = 0.887) however, the Post-TempT was longer in felines after axillary thermometry (P = 0.004). Reductions in Pre-TempT and TTime were not significant in Scottish Fold breed cats and within the feline rectal trials, the TTime of domestic-long hair breeds was significantly longer than domestic-short hair breeds (P = 0.019). No other tested parameter played a significant role in these results. Axillary thermometry was faster than rectal thermometry in both canine and felines pets due primarily to the time associated with animal approach and restraint (Pre-TempT). These results have implications when optimizing clinic workflow, appointment durations and patient handling time.

Gastrodia elata Bl., one of the well-known edible plants in China, belongs to the family of Orchidaceae. In recent years, the consumption rate of this plant as food supplements or health products is gradually rising in China. However, the traditional industrialization processing procedures (TP) for this plant was found to be too complicated and not friendly to the environment with time and energy consuming. Hence, we investigated whether the processing procedures could be simplified without affecting its overall chemical profile and anti-oxidation activity. In this experiment, a new processing procedure (NP) was designed for processing this plant, and the chemical compositions of the extract for Gastrodia elata produced by two different processing procedures were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. It was found that phenols and parisins were the most abundant chemical components for this extract. Among all the identified components, the contents of gastrodin and its citric acid derivatives were obviously higher than that of other components. Therefore, the contents of six gastrodin derivatives and ethanol soluble extract rate for Gastrodia elata produced by two different processing procedures, traditional and newly designed processing procedures, were further comparatively investigated for the validation of the applicability. The DPPH radical scavenging activities of the extract from Gastrodia elata produced by two different processing procedures were also investigated. The results demonstrated that the contents of gastrodin and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol in all samples were slightly decreased in NP samples compared with that of TP samples (except batches of S3 and S6 samples), but no significant difference was observed between these two groups (p = 0.8273 for gastrodin and p= 0.2320 for p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol). Additionally, the total contents of parisins were also in a decreased trend in NP samples but with no significant difference when comparing with that in TP samples (p = 0.1721). The results for ethanol soluble extract rate also had the same situation (p = 0.1094). Taken together, it was suggested that the chemical profiles and contents of gastrodin derivatives and ethanol soluble extract rate for NP samples was not significant different to that of TP samples. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the extract of Gastrodia elata produced with NP method was not significant different from that of TP samples. As a result, the industrial processing procedures for the preservation of this material plant could be simplified to a more time and energy saving procedure without changing the quality of the products, which is also consistent with the concept of green and sustainable industrial production.

Abstract Objective：To explore the efficacy of modified Altemeier procedure in the treatment of complete rectal prolapse. Method and Main outcome measures:The enrolled patients with complete rectal prolapse were divided into traditional and modified groups according to the surgical approach.The primary outcomes included complication rates, time and severity of postoperative recurrence, changes in pre- and postoperative Wexner anal incontinence scores and ED-5Q-5L quality-of-life autonomy scores. Secondary outcomes included operative time, intraoperative bleeding, and length of hospital stay. Results:The overall complication rates were 33.33% and 6.67% and recurrence rates were 26.67% and 7% in the traditional and modified groups, respectively (P<0.05)；The duration of surgery in the traditional group was shorter than that in the modified group, but the intraoperative bleeding was significantly higher than that in the modified group, and all differences were statistically significant (P<0.05)；The length of stay and in the two groups, respectively, with no statistically significant difference (P>0.05)；The postoperative Wexner incontinence score and ED-5Q-5L quality of life in the modified group were found to be significantly better than those in the traditional group at 8 months postoperative follow-up, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Conclusions:Pathological dilatation of the distal rectum may be another anatomical defect in complete rectal prolapse. The results of the clinical study confirmed the clinical effectiveness and safety of the modified Altmeyer procedure, which has high clinical application value.

Patients in intensive care unit often lose a considerable fraction of their gut microbiome due to exposure of broad-spectrum antibiotics and other reasons. Dysbiosis often results in prolonged diarrhea and increase occurrence of multi-drug resistant pathogens in the colon with clinical consequences not yet well understood. Restoring the microbioma by faecal microbial transplantation (FMT) is a plausible therapeutic possibility, so far only documented in case reports and case series using very heterogeneous methodologies. Before FMT in critically ill can be tested in randomised controlled trials, there is a burning need to describe a standardized operating procedure (SOP) of the whole process, respecting the specifics of critically ill population, such as the risk of disrubted intestinal barrier and time critical nature of the procedure. We describe the SOP that has been developed for experimental use in critically ill patients by a multidisciplinary team of intensivists, gastroenterologist and microbiologist based on feedback from regulatory authority (State Institue of Drug Control of the Czech Republic). The hallmarks of these SOPs are multi-donor freshly frozen transplantate quaranteeded for 3 months consisting of 7 aliqutes from 7 unrelated healthy donors, and administered by rectal tube. In this paper we discuss the rationale for this SOP and the process of its development in details and release the full proposed SOP is in the form of online appendix.

The semi-enclosed estuary is very susceptible to changes in the physical and environmental characteristics of the inflow from the land and the coastal sea weather and so the continuous and comprehensive monitoring is necessary for managing the estuary. Nevertheless, the standard procedure or schematic framework has not been proposed appropriately to determine how many instruments are necessary and where they need to be deployed to detect critical changes. Therefore, the present work proposes a systematical strategy for the deployments of the monitoring array by using the combination of the graphical optimization with the objective mapping technique. In order to reflect the spatiotemporal characteristics of the bay, the representative variables and eigenvectors are determined by the Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF), and the cosine angle among them are calculated for a design index of optimization. At the recommended locations, the sampled representative variables are interpolated to reconstruct their spatiotemporal distribution and compared with the distributions of the true values. Analysis confirms that the selected locations, even with a small number of points, can be used for on-site monitoring. Also, the present framework suggests how to determine installable regions for real-time monitoring stations, which reflect the global and local characteristics of the semi-enclosed estuary.

We propose a thermodynamic model describing the thermoelastic behavior of composition graded materials. The compatibility of the model with second law of thermodynamics is explored by applying a generalized Coleman-Noll procedure. We calculate the speeds of coupled first- and second-sound pulses, propagating either trough nonequilibrium or trough equilibrium states. We characterize several different types of perturbations, depending on the value of the material coefficients. Under the assumption that the deformation of the body can produce changes in its stoichiometry, altering locally the material composition, the possibility of propagation of pure stoichiometric waves is pointed out. Thermoelastic perturbations generated by the coupling of stoichiometric and thermal effects are analyzed as well.

The paper proposes a new principle of finding and removing elements of mathematical model, redundant in terms of parametric identification of the model. It allows reducing computational and time complexity of the applications built on the model. Especially this is important for AI based systems, systems based on IoT solutions, distributed systems etc. Besides, the complexity reduction allows increasing an accuracy of mathematical models implemented. Despite the model order reduction methods are well known, they are extremely depended however on the problem area. Thus, proposed reduction principles can be used in different areas, what is demonstrated in this paper. The proposed method for the reduction of mathematical models of dynamic systems allows also the assessment of the requirements for the parameters of the simulator elements to ensure the specified accuracy of dynamic similarity. Efficiency of the principle is shown on the ordinary differential equations and on the neural network model. The given examples demonstrate efficient normalizing properties of the reduction principle for the mathematical models in the form of neural networks.

Concrete beams built from individual segments connected to each other by special mechanism referred as segmental beam. The aim of this research is to exhibit a new technique for fabrication of small scale segmental beams from wedge shape unreinforced concrete segments and pultruded carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) in laminate form. Eight segmental beams including two parameters are tested experimentally. The first parameter is the area of CFRP and second is the adhesive material used to bond segments of the beams. The test shows that segmental beams have a higher ratio of CFRP area undergoes less deflection and sustain higher ultimate loading value of 38.4%. Moreover, the test of beams with concrete segments adhered by epoxy resin sustain a higher load than segments adhered by cementitious materials about 11.87%. Theoretically, segmental beams were analyzed by modified American Concrete Institute ACI 440.2R-17 report with slight modifications. The analysis results in an overestimation of flexural strength of segmental beams when compared with experimental outcomes.

A multi-tool analytical practice was used for characterization of 16^th century carpet manufactured in Cairo. Mild extraction method with hydrofluoric acid enabled isolation of intact flavonoids and their glycosides, anthraquinones, tannins and indigoids from fibre samples. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled to spectroscopic and mass spectrometric detectors was used for identification of natural dyes present in the historical samples. Weld, young fustic and brazilwood were identified as the dye sources in yellow thread samples. Red fibres have been colored with lac dye, whereas green fibre shades were obtained with indigo and weld. Tannin-containing plant material in combination with indigo and weld were used to obtain brown hue of thread. Four uncommon and thus-far unknown dye components were also found in the historical samples. These compounds probably represent unique fingerprint of dyed threads from this region. Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray detector (SEM-EDS) and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used for identification and characterization of substrates and mordants present in the historical carpet. Carbon and oxygen were detected in large quantities as a part of the wool protein. The presence of aluminum, iron and calcium indicated their usage as mordants. FT-IR analysis showed bands characteristic to woolen fibres and SEM micrographs definite structure of wool.

This study aimed to identify changes in visitor behavior and visitor interest in healing forests before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The study used text mining analysis techniques to identify changes in visitation behavior over time, divided into three periods: pre-COVID-19 (January 1 to December 31, 2019), during the COVID-19 pandemic (November 1, 2020 to October 31, 2022), and post-COVID-19 (November 1, 2022 to October 31, 2023 ). After the COVID-19 outbreak, healing forest use behavior did not regress to pre-COVID-19 levels. Activity-based keywords such as "hiking," "trekking," and "walking" stood out as the main drivers of this change in behavior. Therefore, related authorities must examine the scalability of the functions, services, and programs of healing forests from a general healing space to a space for leisure and tourism. These findings will contribute to the development of future marketing strategies and programs for healing forests.

A nonrenewable resource extraction game model is analyzed in a differential game theory framework with random duration. If the c.d.f. of the final time is discontinuous, the related subgames are differentiated based on the position of the initial instant with respect to the jump. We investigate properties of optimal trajectories and of imputation distribution procedures if the game is played cooperatively.

The study aimed to evaluate implant success and bone height variations after transcrestal sinus floor elevation (tSFE) using the osseodensification technique (OD) combined with beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), as bone graft material and simultaneous implant placement. Thirteen patients requiring the placement of one implant in the upper posterior maxilla, with a residual bone height of

The purpose of this study is to apply the convergence-confinement method (CCM) based on the assumption of hydrostatic stress to the surrounding rock excavated in a circular tunnel whose rock mass characteristics meet the requirements of the non-linear Hoek-Brown failure criterion. Based on a consistent and rigorous method of theoretical analysis, a closed-form analytical solution for the stress/displacement of the ground reaction induced by the advancing excavation of the tunnel, especially in the elastic and plastic regions, is derived and investigated under the condition of an isotropic stress state. By taking the value of a confinement loss as an explicit analysis process in an incremental manner, not only is the computationally executable analytical solution achieved, but it can also be performed using a simple spreadsheet. The validity of the analytical solution implemented by the incremental procedure was examined with published data to study the effect of nonlinear failure criteria on the ground reaction curve; in particular the mechanical behavior at the intrados of the tunnel, and the distribution of stress/displacement on the cross-section of the tunnel. A comparison between the published results and the solution proposed in this study, which interprets the closed-form by the incremental procedure, shows consistent and favorable trends.

The aim of this systematic scoping review was to provide scientific evidence on the efficacy and methods of application of hyaluronic acid in the coverage of gingival recessions in terms of recession depth (RD) reduction, clinical attachment level (CAL) gain, probing depth (PD). An electronic search of the literature on the main databases was conducted. Initially, 405 articles were identified. Finally, 4 studies were included after the review process. It was not possible to perform a meta-analysis of the articles selected because of the differences among the surgical treatments and commercial formulations and compositions of hyaluronic acid. Both randomized controlled trials in this research examined Recession Type 1 gingival treated with coronally advanced flap. Recessions were treated with either modified coronally advanced tunnel or laterally closed tunnel combined with subepithelial connective tissue graft and hyaluronic acid (HA) in all case series. The studies analyzed no significant variation was found in PD variable. The results of RD reduction are in accordance with the literature. Modifications of CAL are connected to variations of RD. HA seems to improve the clinical outcomes of the described surgical treatment.

(1) Background: A set of relevant Police Ergonomics Parameters (PEP) has been used for the assessment and prevention of occupational risks involved in Police Physical Interventions (PITs). Through this set of PEPs, a comparison has been made between 2 traditional PITs against 2 novel OTPs (Operational Tactical Procedures). (2) Method: The data have been collected by means of a motion capture suit fitted with 19 Inertial Measurement Units, IMUs. A specific and powerful software package specific for ergonomic analysis has been used to manage the large amount of data registered and to generate a series of 3-dimensional plots. Traditional PITs and newer OTPs have been performed for their analysis. Specifically, the PEPs corresponding to the implementation of 4 PITs have been analyzed by collecting the measurements provided by a set of IMUs installed on a motion capture suit and their occupational risk assessments have been compared against those corresponding to newer OTPs. (3) Results: For the 4 PITs, the PEPs have been analyzed with the measured values from the IMUs, throughout the duration of each technique. The two traditional intervention techniques have scored higher than the new OTPs in the REBA system, the Assymetry angle, L5-Pelvis Shear and Joint Contac Forces, and the Total Muscle Power measurements. (4) Conclusions: It has been confirmed that the new OPTs minimize the risk of injuries, since their PEPs reached lower values than those corresponding to the traditional PITs, which are still being taught at Police academies.

This work studied the corrosion of welded pipes and how welding destroyed surface film of pipes. Surface reaction of a welded pipe is key to understanding phenomena and important factors during the corrosion. This paper presents experiment and CFD modeling approaches of a welded pipe corrosion under salt vapor condition. The pipes were welded at currents of 60 A,70 A and 80 A to observe the effect of welding current on corrosion. A welded pipe is a stainless-steel ASTM A312 grade 304L and period of experiment about 0-600 hours that they are tested in vertical and horizontal alignments. In CFD software, there is not direct model of corrosion but it can use surface reaction and create add-on species and chemical reaction technique for imitating the corrosion mechanism. The modeling approaches of corrosion have presented in 3-dimensional transient times in CFD simulation. Surface reactions were performed by Species Model which involve site species. Site species in Species Model took place at gas-solid interfaces and in this case are salt vapor and surface pipe. Chemical reaction rate on the surface controls lost weight of a welded pipe and the model can be validated with experiment. In conclusion, in period 0-600 hours error between CFD modeling and experiment have error trend decreased. The error at 600 hours is 6% both of vertical pipe and horizontal pipe test. The modeling approaches closely with the performed experiment and can be accepted. Moreover, the model is able to predict corrosion of a welded pipe of different sizes and their lost weight after 600 hours without experiment. Also the model can predict lifetime of pipe.

Smart grids are seeing an increase in renewable energy and an enormous introduction of advanced power electronics, increasing the number of disturbance sources. This requires improving the accuracy of measurement systems capable of acquiring data for use in power system monitoring applications. Rogowski Coils (RCs) and Merging Units (MUs) are being widely deployed in controlling, metering, and monitoring of digital power systems. Because the performance of digital measurement devices has a direct influence on power measurement accuracy, it is critical to perform a laboratory calibration of these measurement instruments before they are installed in any project. To determine the magnitude and phase displacement errors of the RC+MU under normal and abnormal operating conditions, this article presents a comprehensive laboratory digital calibration system constructed from precise, readily available commercial products such as a fluxgate current transducer and a National Instrument. In addition, the analysis of measurement chain is affected by sources of uncertainty is discussed. The tests yield findings that are consistent with the relevant standards.

The 30-day postoperative outcome after elective endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) was evaluated and the possible predictors were identified. Demographics, medical history, laboratory values, length of hospitalization (LOH), intensive care unit (ICU) admission and 30-day complications, classified as major [major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), acute kidney injury (AKI) and death of any cause] and minor [post-implantation syndrome (PIS), postoperative delirium (POD), urinary tract infection (UTI) and technical graft failure] were documented, respectively. We included 322 patients (median LOH 4 days). One-hundred and twenty one (37.5%) complications, mostly minor (n=103, 31.9%), were recorded. Eleven patients (3.4%) evolved MACE, 5 (1.6%) AKI and 2 patients (0.6%) died in ICU. Seventy-seven patients (23.9%) suffered from PIS, eleven from POD, 11 from UTI and 4 from technical graft failure. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that aneurysm diameter (p=0.01) and past smoking (p=0.003) were predictors for postoperative complications. PAD was an independent predictor of MACE (p=0.003), preoperative neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) value of AKI (p=0.003) and past smoking of PIS (p=0.008), respectively. Our study showed that 30-day morbidity after EVAR exceeded 35%. However, the majority of complications were classified as minor and the associated mortality was low. Aneurysm diameter and past smoking were independent predictors for postoperative outcome.

Type A acute aortic dissection are associated with significant morbidity and mortality with prompt referral imaging and management to tertiary referral centres needed urgently. Surgery is usually needed emergently but the choice of surgery often varies depending on the patient and presentation. Staff and center expertise also play a major role in determining the surgical strategy employed The aim of this study is to compare early and medium term outcomes of patient across 3 European referral centers. We also identified risk factors for poorer outcomes irrespective of surgical strategy employed. A retrospective study was conducted across 3 sites between January 2008 and December 2021. 601 patients were included within the study of which 30% were female and the median age was 64.4 years. The most common operation was ascending aorta replacement (n= 246, 40.9%). The aortic repair was extended proximally (i.e., root n= 105; 17,5%) and distally (i.e., arch n = 250; 41,6%). A more extensive approach, extending from the root to the arch, was employed in 24 patients (4.0%). Operative mortality occurred in 146 patients (24.3%), and the most common morbidity was stroke (75, 12.6%). An increased length of ICU admission was noted in the extensive surgery group who were younger and more frequently male No significant differences were noted in surgical mortality from patients managed with extensive surgery vs those managed conservatively. However, age, arterial lactate levels, “intubated/sedated” status on arrival, and “emergency or salvage” status at presentation were independent predictors of mortality both within the index hospitalization and also during follow-up. Overall survival was similar between the groups.

The eighty years old empirical Colebrook function widely used as an informal standard for hydraulic resistance relates implicitly the unknown flow friction factor , with the known Reynolds number and the known relative roughness of a pipe inner surface ; . It is based on logarithmic law in the form that captures the unknown flow friction factor in a way from which it cannot be extracted analytically. As an alternative to the explicit approximations or to the iterative procedures that require at least a few evaluations of computationally expensive logarithmic function or non-integer powers, this paper offers an accurate and computationally cheap iterative algorithm based on Padé polynomials with only one -call in total for the whole procedure (expensive -calls are substituted with Padé polynomials in each iteration with the exception of the first). The proposed modification is computationally less demanding compared with the standard approaches of engineering practice, but does not influence the accuracy or the number of iterations required to reach the final balanced solution.

We have successfully measured amyloid beta (Aβ) (1-40) protein added in human serum by a NiCr strain gauge cantilever biosensor immobilized with liposomes incorporating cholesterol. Importantly, we investigated the effect of incorporation of cholesterol in the liposome in order to suppress the interaction between the liposome and many different proteins included in human serum. It was revealed that incorporating cholesterol suppresses the interaction between the proteins other than Aβ in human serum and the liposome. Finally, we detected Aβ(1-40) in human serum with typical chronological behaviors due to Aβ aggregation and fibrillization. Furthermore, as a digital low-pass filtering procedure could reduce external noises, the cantilever sensor immobilized with liposome incorporating cholesterol can detect low-concentrated Aβ in human serum.

The sonification of data to communicate information to a user is a relatively new approach that established itself around the 1990s. To date many researchers design their individual sonification from scratch. There are no standards in sonification design and evaluation. But researchers and practitioners have formulated several requirements and established several methods. There is wide consensus that psychoaocustics could play an important role in the sonification design and evaluation phase. But this requires an adaption of psychoacoustic methods to the signal types and the requirements of sonification. In this method paper we present PAMPAS, a PsychoAcoustical Method for the Perceptual Analysis of multidimensional Sonification. A well-defined and well-established, efficient, reliable and replicable Just Noticeable Difference experiment using the Maximum Likelihood Procedure serves as the basis to achieve linearity of parameter mapping during the sonification design stage and to identify and quantify perceptual effects during the sonification evaluation stage, namely the perceptual resolution, hysteresis effects and perceptual interferences. The experiment results are universal scores from a standardized data space and a standardized procedure. These scores can serve to compare multiple sonification designs of a single researcher, or even between different research groups. The method can supplement other sonification design and evaluation methods from a perceptual viewpoint.

Abstract: Type A acute aortic dissection is a serious condition within the acute aortic syndromes that demands immediate treatment. Despite advancements in diagnostic and referral pathways, the survival rate post-surgery currently sits at almost 20%. Our objective was to pinpoint clinical indicators for mortality and morbidity, particularly raised arterial lactate as a key factor for negative outcomes. Methods: All patients referred to the three cardiovascular centres between January 2005 and December 2022 were included in the study. The inclusion criteria required the presence of a lesion involving the ascending aorta, symptoms within 7 days of surgery, and referral for primary surgical repair of TAAAD based on recommendations, with consideration for other concomitant major cardiac surgical procedures needed during TAAAD and retrograde extension of TAAAD. We conducted an analysis of both continuous and categorical variables and utilized predictive mean matching to fill in missing numeric features. For missing binary variables, we used logistic regression to impute values. We specifically targeted early postoperative mortality and employed LASSO regression to minimize potential collinearity of over-fitting variables and variables measured from the same patient. Results: 633 patients were recruited for the study, out of which 449 patients had complete preoperative arterial lactate data. The average age of the patients was 64 years, and 304 patients were male (67.6%). The crude early postoperative mortality rate was 24.5% (110 out of 449 patients). The mortality rate did not show any significant difference when comparing conservative and extensive surgeries. However, malperfusion had a significant impact on mortality [48/131 (36.6%) vs 62/318 (19.5%), p<0.001]. Preoperative arterial lactates were significantly elevated in patients with malperfusion. The optimal prognostic threshold of arterial lactate for predicting early postoperative mortality in our cohort was ≥ 2.6 mmol/L. Conclusion: The arterial lactate concentration in patients referred for TAAAD is an independent factor for both operative mortality and postoperative complications. In addition to mortality, patients with an upper arterial lactate cut-off of ≥2.6 mmol/L face significant risks of VA ECMO and the need for dialysis within the first 48 hours after surgery. To improve recognition and facilitate rapid transfer and surgical treatment protocol, more diligent efforts are required in the management of malperfusion in TAAAD.

Hexakis(2-alkoxy-1,5-phenyleneimine) macrocycles were synthesized using a simple one−pot procedure through by precipitation−driven cyclization. The acetal−protected AB−type monomers, 2-alkoxy-5-aminobenzaldehyde diethyl acetals, underwent polycondensation in water or acid−containing tetrahydrofuran. The precipitation−driven cyclization based on imine dynamic covalent chemistry and π−stacked columnar aggregation played a decisive role in the one−pot synthesis. The progress of the reaction was analyzed by MALDI−TOF mass spectrometry. The macrocycles with alkoxy chains were soluble in specific organic solvents such as chloroform, allowing their structures to be analyzed by NMR. The shape−anisotropic, nearly planar, and persistent macrocycles aggregated into columnar assemblies in polymerization solvents, driven by aromatic π−stacking. The octyloxylated macrocycle OcO−Cm6 exhibited an enantiotropic columnar liquid crystal−like mesophase between 165°C and 197°C. In the SEM image of (S)-(−)-3,7-dimethyloctyloxylated macrocycle (−)BCO-Cm6, columnar substances with a diameter of 100−200 nm were observed. The polymerization solution for 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxylated macrocycle (TEGO−Cm6) gelled and showed thixotropic properties by forming a hydrogen bond network.