Chemistry and Materials Science

Abstract: Diallyl ether possesses unique chemical activities due to its dual functional allyl group and ether bond and is thus a high-value-added fine chemical with diverse applications. In this work, thin-plate ZSM-5 is synthesized and then subjected to alkaline post-treatment to improve its catalytic performance for allyl alcohol etherification to diallyl ether. The study shows that the post-treatment impacts on both the microstructure and acidic properties of ZSM-5. Although the selectivity of diallyl ether obtained over different ZSM-5 catalysts are similarly high, the treatment with tetrapropylammonium hydroxide and/or dilute NaOH solutions enhances the conversion of allyl alcohol. The highest turnover number of the reaction achieves when there is a moderate amount of strong acid sites in ZSM-5. This study contributes to the knowledge base for potential application of ZSM-5 in diallyl ether production from allyl alcohol.

Abstract: Phenolphthalein poly (aryl ether ketone) (PEK-C) is highly compatible with the epoxy resin, which is applied in epoxy resin-based composites to improve its strength. Solu-tion spinning and electrospinning techniques are often used to produce the PEK-C fi-bers, but these techniques are polluting the environment and are not productive. To address the above challenges, melt spinning may be employed but since the high de-gree of molecular chain entanglement and poor melt fluidity of PEK-C, melt spinning remains difficult. Herein, this study presents a continuous melt spinning of PEK-C fi-bers through rheology modulation and melt strength enhancement. A series of PEK-C samples with different molecular weights were prepared by adjusting the molar ratio of monomers. The influence of molecular weights on rheological properties was inves-tigated by capillary rheology tests. The PEK-C with molecular weight (2.01×104 g/mol) was chosen and the optimal spinning temperature was determined to be 370 °C. The as-polymerized PEK-C powder was compounded into pellets, subsequently, the PEK-C pellets with the enhanced melt strength were continuously processed into fiber by melt spinning. The obtained PEK-C fibers possess high tensile strength 0.56 cN/dtex and breaking strength 1.06 cN/dtex, respectively. The mechanical properties and molecular chain orientation of PEK-C fibers were also optimized by spinning process parameters. This work presents continuous melt spinning of PEK-C fibers by rheology modulation and melt strength enhancement which resolve the environmental and low productive issues.

Abstract: Silica aerogel films are highly promising matrices for advanced optical applications, yet balancing ultra-high transmittance with structural stability during functionalization remains a critical challenge. Directly incorporating organic dyes often leads to aggregation and severe photodegradation, necessitating a robust host-guest encapsulation strategy. Herein, we report the fabrication of ultra-transparent, fluorescent silica aerogel films via precisely tailored acid/base two-step sol-gel kinetics and dip-coating. The optimized pure silica matrix achieves a peak visible transmittance of 97.4% and sub-nanometer surface smoothness (RMS = 276.7 pm). By utilizing this pristine network, Rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) and Rhodamine B (RhB) dyes were effectively confined within the amorphous mesoporous pores. Notably, RhB exhibited superior matrix integration, indicated by an H4 hysteresis loop transition and a significantly reduced pore volume (0.019 cm³/g). This mesoporous confinement successfully suppressed dye quenching, prolonging the fluorescence lifetimes to 5.22 ns and 5.36 ns for Rh6G and RhB, respectively. Crucially, we elucidate that the electrostatic and hydrogen-bonding interactions between the silica pore walls and the dye's xanthene rings elevate the excited-state energy, inducing a distinct matrix-driven emission blue shift. This work provides a scalable pathway for high-performance optical coatings and offers deep insights into host-guest interfacial coupling in gel networks.

Abstract: The catalytic hydrogenation of furfural is a key reaction to valorize lignocellulosic biomass into value-added chemicals. In this work, the influence of different hydrogen donors on furfural hydrogenation under continuous-flow conditions was evaluated using a 10% Pd/C catalyst in a Phoenix Flow Reactor. Molecular hydrogen (H₂), 2-propanol (transfer hydrogenation), and sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) were tested under identical conditions (150 °C, 20 bar, 0.1 mL·min¹). Each hydrogen source led to distinct reaction pathways and product distributions. H₂ promoted selective formation of furfuryl alcohol (FA) via a Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism, with transient formation of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA). 2-propanol favored carbonyl reduction while enabling gradual formation of 2-methylfuran (2-MF) at longer reaction times. NaBH₄ yielded FA exclusively through direct hydride transfer but showed operational limitations due to precipitation under flow conditions. Catalyst deactivation was observed in all systems, mainly associated with carbonaceous deposition. While H₂ and 2-propanol showed comparable catalytic efficiency, NaBH₄ exhibited lower efficiency and limited scalability. These results highlight the critical role of hydrogen donor selection in controlling reaction pathways, selectivity, and process feasibility in continuous-flow biomass valorization.

Abstract: A novel chiral three-dimensional conjugated polymer with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) was constructed via asymmetric Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling polymerization. Comprehensive photophysical characterizations confirmed its stable AIE activity, excitation-tunable luminescence, and solvatochromism in biomimetic media including water, simulated body fluid, and simulated urine. Ion sensing studies revealed that the chiral framework specifically chelates Ag⁺ through multiple coordination sites, producing significant fluorescence enhancement with a linear response from 0–900 μM and a micromolar detection limit, alongside excellent anti-interference capability. The material also exhibits differentiated dual-channel optical responses toward Fe³⁺ and Cr⁶⁺. Electrochemical analysis elucidated an electron-rich conjugated backbone, supporting a charge-transfer-mediated recognition mechanism. Benefiting from its unique multilayer three-dimensional cavity topology, the polymer demonstrates superior ion capture capacity and specificity over conventional linear or monolayer systems. This work presents a new molecular design strategy for high-performance fluorescent probes, with substantial practical potential for environmental and biological monitoring applications such as industrial wastewater treatment, surface water heavy-metal screening, and trace ion analysis in biological fluids.

Abstract: Construction and demolition waste (C&DW) has been investigated both for radionuclide sorption and as a precursor for geopolymer materials. However, research on C&DW-derived geopolymers has primarily focused on synthesis and characterization, while their role in radionuclide immobilization remains insufficiently explored. This review evaluates C&DW-derived geopolymers as promising matrices for radionuclide immobilization, focusing on retention capabilities and factors influencing immobilization performance. Available studies indicate that waste-derived geopolymer systems can limit radionuclide mobility and leaching, but their performance strongly depends on precursor composition, phase assemblage, and matrix structure. The mineral complexity of C&DW-derived matrices may provide diverse retention pathways, supporting their consideration as immobilization materials. Linking the documented sorption capacity of C&DW materials with the immobilization potential and favorable characteristics of C&DW-derived geopolymer matrices represents a promising approach for developing advanced systems for radionuclide solidification. Due to the limited number of studies directly addressing radionuclide immobilization in C&DW-derived geopolymer systems, evidence from related studies is considered to support assessment of their immobilization capacity. Nevertheless, further clarification is required regarding the integration of existing research findings, precursor heterogeneity, multi-ion interactions, and long-term performance under realistic conditions. Addressing these limitations through systematic investigations is essential to support their application in radioactive waste (RW) management.

Abstract: This review reports on the huge potential of natural products (NPs) as drugs due to their pleiotropic activities and discusses the recent research and development of nanoscale drug delivery systems loaded with NPs. Indeed, the number of publications is dramatically increased in the last years and excellent biopharmaceutical properties of nanosized vectors loaded with NPs have been reported, however on the market the number of products based on nanoscale drug delivery systems are limited essentially to food supplements and cosmetics. The difficulties of NPs loaded nanovectors to reach the market as medicine is mainly due to the lack of dedicated regulatory frameworks, a specialized "nano" legal context. Instead, nanovectors are evaluated on a case-by-case basis under existing broad pharmaceutical regulations under traditional benefit/risk frameworks. This manuscript would be a comprehensive collection of the reviews on nanovectors loaded with some paradigmatic NPs, namely curcumin, quercetin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, thymoquinone, cannabidiol, and silybin, all developed to overcome their biopharmaceutical restrictions, mainly solubility and stability. The study highlights the challenges and limitations of the reported studies, evidencing in many cases the lack of complete knowledge of the mechanistic of nano–bio interactions, the lack of some basic requirements as the encapsulation efficiency and drug loading efficiency, as well as the very limited number of the clinical studies. Finally, NPs are presented as multifunctional excipients of nanovectors to improve nanocarrier structure, function and drug biopharmaceutical properties, mainly represented by ginseng and quillaja saponins, escin and glycyrrhizin to form micelles or vesicles such as escinosomes.

Abstract: The identification of natural yellow dyes in ancient textiles is complicated, regardless of whether destructive or non-destructive techniques are used. The main limitation is the need for sampling, followed by deterioration and interference by the materials used in consolidation and restoration processes. In addition, different yellow dye sources share the same main fluorophores or components such as luteolin, kaempferol, and quercetin-based chromophores. We propose a minimally invasive methodology to identify sweet-scented marigold (Tagetes lucida), zacatlaxcalli (Cuscuta tinctoria), and weld (Reseda luteola). This methodology was tested on yellow wool samples that were dyed in an artisan workshop in the last 3 to 10 years. Another two samples of yellow wool fibres were obtained from the textile collection of the Franz Mayer Museum in Mexico City. Confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM), micro-Raman spectroscopy, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and variable pressure environmental scanning electron microscopy (VP-ESEM) were used to analyse the samples. The CLSM results showed that dyes are absorbed into the matrix of the fibres. The wool and dyes presented different emission spectra, which can be associated with the main groups of autofluorescent compounds in plants. The FTIR-ATR results supported the proteinaceous origin of the fibres, and the chemical composition and molecular structure of the autofluorescence phytocompounds were identified by micro-Raman spectroscopy. The findings indicate that the proposed methodology is adequate for identifying natural yellow dyes in wool fibres and can be applied to cultural heritage textiles.

Abstract: In the present work, we report the sustainable regioselective synthesis of a novel series of 1,2,3-triazole-based hybrid molecules containing isatins and 1,4-dihydropyridines by Copper(I)-catalyzed Azide-Alkyne 1,3-dipolar Cycloaddition (CuAAC). We designed and realized these hybrid molecules with the idea to produce multitarget agents with poten-tially improved bioactivity, enhanced pharmacokinetic properties and a reduced risk of drug resistance. Our synthetic strategy provides mild reaction conditions, high reaction yields, a simple recover procedure and a reusable catalytic system based on an environ-mentally benign solvent mixture of ionic liquid/water. The latter was recovered together with the Cu(I) catalyst generated in situ and Na-ascorbate and reused until six times, maintaining high efficacy in terms of regioselectivity and reaction yields. Finally, a mech-anism of the reaction was proposed, involving the key role of IL.

Abstract: Betulin, a lupane-type pentacyclic triterpene abundant in birch bark, is a useful natural scaffold for semisynthetic medicinal chemistry and process-oriented natural product chemistry. This review examines betulin 3,28-diacetate as an important derivative that is readily prepared, easily purified as a crystalline compound, and useful both as a target molecule and as a protected intermediate for further functionalization. The article surveys three connected areas: access to betulin from birch biomass, acetylation methods at labor-atory and process scale, and the synthetic utility of the diacetate in preparing more ad-vanced lupane derivatives. It summarizes extraction, purification, and analytical charac-terization of betulin, including melting-point analysis, chromatography, IR spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. The review also compares classical acetyla-tion using acetic anhydride and acid catalysts with base-mediated approaches and green-er or more process-relevant variants, including direct bark acetylation and supercritical carbon dioxide-assisted isolation. Overall, betulin 3,28-diacetate is a practical and versa-tile intermediate for access to monoacetates, oxidized derivatives, and other lupane com-pounds, while further progress depends on improved catalyst choice, solvent replacement, process intensification, and analytical standardization.

Abstract: Stainless steel is widely used in biomedical and implant-related applications, but cor-rosion in physiologically relevant media can limit its long-term performance. In this study, ZnO-containing chitosan/gelatin composite coatings were fabricated on stain-less steel by electrophoretic deposition from stable water–ethanol suspensions. The coating-forming particles were obtained through chitosan/gelatin complexation in the presence of ZnO nanoparticles, enabling incorporation of an inorganic functional phase into a biopolymer matrix. The water–ethanol medium was used to suppress parasitic water electrolysis and promote the formation of continuous coatings. Sus-pension stability and electrophoretic behavior were evaluated by dynamic light scat-tering and zeta-potential measurements, while coating morphology and elemental composition were examined by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was applied after 60 days of immer-sion in phosphate-buffered saline at pH 7.0 to assess the surface chemical state. Corro-sion behavior was followed by polarization resistance measurements over the same period. The ZnO-containing coating showed higher polarization resistance than both bare stainless steel and the ZnO-free chitosan/gelatin coating. The improved protection is attributed to the combined barrier effect of the biopolymer coating and the presence of ZnO within the deposited layer.

Abstract: Point to the manufacturing process of variable-section rectangular tube, a four-die radial extrusion process was designed in this article. The general deformation law was researched in two-dimensions, the influence of deformation parameters on the deformation results was explored, and the method by using the mold anti-deformation to eliminate the concave defects was proposed. For the tube parts with common thickness to diameter ratio, the corresponding optimal die arc degree is obtained through simulation and optimization. After that, the two-dimensional deformation law is applied to three dimensions, and the methods to eliminate the defect are carefully studied and successfully realized. Taking a variable-section rectangular tube as an example, the experiment was carried out. The experimental results were compared with the simulation results, and the accuracy of the simulation results and the feasibility of the process were verified.

Abstract: A series of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) based on hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) crosslinked with 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMD) or toluene diisocyanate (TDI), as well as hybrid chitosan–HPCD polymers crosslinked with genipin, were synthesized using levofloxacin and fluorescein as template molecules. The structure and spatial organization of the obtained materials were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, FTIR microscopy mapping, and ζ-potential measurements. The influence of pH, crosslinker content, and template structure on sorption performance was investigated. All MIPs exhibited maximum sorption at pH 3.0. The highest sorption capacity toward levofloxacin was achieved for the Chit–HPCD–G polymer (74.8 mg/g), whereas the fluorescein-imprinted HPCD–TDI (1:1) MIP demonstrated the highest sorption capacity (135.5 mg/g) and selectivity coefficient (84.1). Dynamic column experiments con-firmed efficient analyte extraction, reducing the analyte concentration by more than 90% after ten loading cycles. All synthesized MIPs exhibited excellent regenerability, with less than 3% loss of sorption efficiency after ten consecutive sorption–desorption cycles. The applicability of the developed sorbents to real matrices was demonstrated using milk and blood plasma samples after minimal sample preparation. Fluorescein extraction efficiencies reached 97.6% and 93.6% for milk and plasma, respectively. The obtained results demonstrate that HPCD-based MIPs combine high sorption capacity, exceptional selectivity, operational stability, and applicability to complex biological matrices, making them promising materials for selective sample preparation, analyte pre-concentration, and controlled drug delivery systems.

Abstract: Dephosphorisation in oxygen steelmaking depends on more than the equilibrium phosphorus partition ratio. It also depends on where gas, slag, metal and injected lime powder coexist while the bath is being stirred. We develop a gas–slag–metal–particle reaction model for bottom-blown oxygen–CaO powder injection by coupling Euler–Euler transport of liquid steel, mixed slag and gas with discrete CaO-particle motion. The local source terms include oxygen dissolution, FeO/Fe₂O₃ conversion, CO/CO₂ buffering, competitive C/Si/P oxidation, P₂O₅ formation, C₂S–C₃P fixation, reaction heat and phase-wise mass conservation. Instead of resolving every bubble or slag droplet, the model represents bubble swarms, dispersed slag and emulsified metal–slag contact through mean-field interfacial area densities tied to local phase fractions and mixing. Two cases with the same initial phosphorus content but different carbon levels are used to test reaction selectivity. In the high-carbon bath, bottom-blown oxygen is consumed first by decarburisation; the generated CO sustains plume buoyancy but reduces FeO_x retention during flotation. CaO addition improves local slag formation, but it contributes to dephosphorisation only where FeO_x supply, P₂O₅ generation and C₂S–C₃P fixation coincide at an active slag–metal interface. The stable dephosphorisation window therefore lies mainly in the upper slag–metal mixing zone, not in the bottom gas column. The model provides a computable basis for analysing bottom powder injection, combined blowing and low-carbon endpoint dephosphorisation in gas–slag–metal reactive flows.

Abstract: Phytosterols are key minor constituents of olive oil, contributing not only to its nutritional and bioactive properties but also to authenticity assessment, quality control, and regulatory classification. In Greek olive oils, particularly extra virgin olive oils produced from the dominant Koroneiki cultivar, sterolic composition represents a critical yet complex compositional marker, as total sterol content and specific sterol fractions may naturally approach regulatory thresholds without necessarily indicating adulteration or quality deterioration. This review critically synthesizes current knowledge on phytosterol profiling in Greek olive oil, emphasizing sterolic composition, analytical methodology, stability, and the principal biological, geographical, technological, and methodological factors governing sterolic variability. Particular attention is given to the characteristic sterolic fingerprint of Greek olive oils, dominated by β-sitosterol, Δ⁵-avenasterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, and Δ⁷-sterols, and to cultivar-dependent variation that may influence regulatory interpretation. The review further evaluates the official GC–FID analytical methodology, the complementary role of GC–MS and chemometric approaches, and the limitations of interpreting sterolic composition exclusively through fixed regulatory thresholds. This review proposes a context-dependent framework for interpreting phytosterol composition in authentic Greek olive oils and introduces the concept of the Near-Threshold Sterolic Space, describing the natural clustering of authentic oils close to regulatory decision limits as a consequence of cultivar- and terroir-driven biological variability. We argue that phytosterol data should be interpreted through an integrated framework combining regulatory thresholds, conditional verification criteria, cultivar-specific baselines, analytical methodology, and complementary compositional evidence. Overall, this review argues that phytosterol interpretation should evolve from a purely threshold-based regulatory exercise toward a biologically informed, method-aware and cultivar-sensitive framework that better reflects the natural complexity of Greek olive oils.

Abstract: In this work, the adsorption of a dye from aqueous solutions onto a waste chicken eggshell biosorbent is under consideration. The aim of this work is to assess the possibility of removing the textile dye, i.e., direct blue BR 200, from water by adsorption on eggshells and to generate the process data such as effective internal and external diffusion coefficients. The results of our experimental studies on adsorption equilibrium and kinetics are presented in this paper. The experiments are conducted for both eggshells and activated carbon in order to compare their adsorption efficiency. As a result of the equilibrium studies, the experimental adsorption isotherms are obtained. Moreover, the parameters of the Henry, Freundlich, Langmuir, Langmuir-Freundlich (Sips) and modified BET isotherms are determined based on the experimental data. In the kinetic studies the aqueous solution of a dye flows through the fixed-bed laboratory column. The adsorbent grains constitute the packing of the column. Based on the results of the kinetic studies, the external and internal diffusion coefficients for different process conditions i.e., different flow rates of the liquid phase in the adsorber, are determined. The internal diffusion coefficient, which describes the transfer from the external surface of an adsorbent grain to its interior, is calculated on the basis of the solution to Fick’s unsteady-state diffusion equation. The results of the experiments and calculations presented in this work can be used to determine the efficiency of eggshells as a biosorbent in water purification systems. It was obtained that the eggshells have very good sorption properties with respect to the dye under investigation. Both equilibrium and kinetic studies revealed that the dye uptakes for eggshells are greater than the uptakes for the activated carbon which is a conventional reference adsorbent. Moreover, the Langmuir-Freundlich (Sips) isotherm provides the best fit for the experimental data for both the eggshells and activated carbon. The external diffusion coefficient of the dye in water is D_AB = 2.21·10−10 m²/s. The kinetic calculations revealed that the effective internal diffusion coefficient D_s for both adsorbents is lower than the external coefficient D_AB and it increases with the liquid flow rate. It was also found that D_s for the eggshells is greater than for activated carbon. The obtained values of the internal diffusion coefficient D_s for the eggshells were 2.55·10−11 m²/s, 4.59·10−11 m²/s, 1.92·10−10 m²/s, for the flow rates 1.72 cm³/s, 2.31 cm³/s and 2.90 cm³/s, respectively. The D_s values refer to the equivalent radius of the eggshells grains R_p = 0.00146 m. The isotherms parameters and diffusion coefficients presented in this work can be used as data for process calculations.

Abstract: Pyroligneous liquor (PL) is a by-product of charcoal production with potential applications in agriculture, forestry, and industry. This study evaluated the influence of carbonization temperature on the yield, chemical composition, and physicochemical properties of PL obtained from Eucalyptus spp. in a sustainable kiln-furnace system. PL fractions were collected at four temperature intervals: T1 (60–170 °C), T2 (171–270 °C), T3 (271–350 °C), and T4 (351–400 °C). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identified 78 organic compounds, mainly carboxylic acids, phenolic compounds, alcohols, carbohydrates, and aromatics. The highest PL yield was obtained in T3, accounting for 27% of the recovered liquor and showing high phenolic content, including syringol and catechol. In contrast, T1 showed the lowest yield and was dominated by carboxylic acids, particularly acetic acid. Carbonization temperature affected both PL composition and physicochemical properties, resulting in higher electrical conductivity and vegetable tar content at higher temperatures. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed distinct compound groups according to their concentration patterns across the evaluated temperature intervals. The results demonstrate that temperature-controlled fractionation effectively produces PL fractions with distinct chemical profiles, supporting the selective recovery of value-added compounds for forest biomass biorefineries.

Abstract: Cu-based interpenetrating phase composites (IPCs) represent a paradigm for sliding electrical contacts where the synergy between thermal management, wear resistance, and electrical transport is critical. Herein, we engineer Cu-(CrWₓ)C IPCs (x = 0, 10, 25, 50 wt%) via pressureless infiltration, elucidating a tungsten-mediated architectural stabilization mechanism. We demonstrate that controlled W incorporation refines the carbide skeleton, optimizing the load-transfer efficiency between the rigid ceramic network and the continuous Cu-rich functional phase. Microstructural characterization (XRD, SEM/EDS) confirms the intact three-dimensional interpenetration, with higher W content promoting the segregation of W-rich domains. Quasi-static compression (10-3 s-1) validates the structural robustness under large-strain regimes. Notably, all composites retain high electrical conductivities (~39–41 % IACS); the Cu-(CrW10)C variant exhibits the peak thermal conductivity at 500 °C. Tribological evaluations reveal that optimal wear resistance is decoupled from peak hardness; instead, it arises from the stabilization of a skeleton-supported tribo-damaged layer facilitated by moderate W addition. Conversely, excessive W enrichment induces brittle fragmentation and interfacial debonding, exacerbating third-body abrasion. Quantitative analysis using a Thermo-Tribological Performance Index (TTPI) and an Electrical-Thermal-Wear Balance Index (ETWBI) confirms that Cu-(CrW10)C achieves the optimal equilibrium among material removal resistance, heat dissipation, and dimensional stability. This work establishes a design strategy for high-performance IPCs by leveraging architectural tuning to reconcile traditionally conflicting property requirements.

Abstract: Optical spectroscopy provides several useful information about polymeric ultrathin films by combining interferometric and optical absorption data contained in the UV-Vis-NIR spectra. In particular, the UV-Vis-NIR spectrum of an ultrathin polymeric film contains information about the film thickness, structural disorder, bandgap energy, type of electron transition model (direct/indirect, allowed/forbidden), cutoff wavelength (i.e., the opaque/transparent switching wavelength), etc. Here, these properties have been determined for a model semi-crystalline polymer (polyethylene terephthalate, PET) in form of ultrathin film before and after a mild mechanical deformation treatment (manual stretching). It has been found that E_U and E_g parameters are not strictly depending on mechanical deformation due to their main dependence on chemical composition/constitution of the polymer; consequently E_g can be used for polymer identification in the case it has a dielectric nature.

Abstract: The study investigates the effects of high-energy laser treatment on titanium-based alloys, TiAlV, TiNbZr, and TiNbSnTa, materials of high interest for medical applications such as implants and dental devices due to their exceptional strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. In this research, a unique high-energy laser was used for Ti-based surface activation. The laser exposure induced significant changes in both surface morphology and chemistry while preserving the bulk properties of the substrate. The modified surfaces were evaluated for their impact on cyto-compatibility and antibacterial activity. It was found that viability of U-2 OS cells incubated with laser-treated Ti-based substrates was not negatively affected and was comparable or slightly enhanced than that of control samples, indicating very good cytocompatibility of the prepared materials. Further, antibacterial evaluation against E. coli and S. epidermidis demonstrated that laser-treated samples had improved activity, especially against S. epidermidis, relative to untreated controls. Thus, these results demonstrate that high-energy laser treatment can simultaneously enhance biocompatibility and antibacterial properties of titanium alloys, highlighting its potential as a versatile surface modification strategy for advanced biomedical devices.