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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0444.v1

Booting Heat Stress Alters Leaf Photosynthesis, Growth Rate, Phenology and Yield in Rice

Natthamon Chandarak, Prasit Somjinda, Phanupong Phoncharoen, Poramate Banterng, Worasitikulya Taratima, Piyada Theerakulpisut, Anoma Dongsansuk

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Climate change; Net photosynthetic rate; Chalky grain; Growth; High temperature

Online: 6 June 2023 (11:07:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0437.v1

Biological Functions of Azospirillum brasilense that can Benefit Host Growth are Responsive to Light Stimuli

Alexandra Bauer Housh, Randi Noel, Avery Powell, Spenser Waller, Stacy L Wilder, Stephanie Sopka, Mary Benoit, Garren Powell, Michael J Schueller, Richard A Ferrieri

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Azospirillum brasilense; biological nitrogen fixation; microbial auxin biosynthesis; ATP biosynthesis; micronutrient uptake; light stimulation

Online: 6 June 2023 (10:01:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0225.v2

Age-Dependent Molecular and Metabolic Rewiring Leading to Wound-Induced Blackening in Cut Carrots

Katie Schulz, Gabriela Machaj, Paul Knox, Robert Hancock, Susan R Verrall, Risto Korpinen, Pekka Saranpaa, Anna Happonen, Barbara Karpinska, Christine Helen Foyer

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Auxin; cell wall composition; chlorogenic acid; lignin; pectin; post harvest wounding; tap roots

Online: 6 June 2023 (03:57:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0366.v1

ART FounDATion-LOG (ARabidopsis Transcription regulatory Factor Domain-domain interaction Analysis Tool-Liquid liquid phase separation, Oligomerization, Go analysis), a toolkit for interaction data based domain analysis

Jee Eun Kang, Ji Hae Jun, Jung Hyun Kwon, Ju-Hyun Lee, Kidong Hwang, Sungjong Kim, Namhee Jeong

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Liquid liquid phase separation; protein oligomerization; GO; domain-domain interaction; domain linker; intrinsically disordered regions; domain-peptide interaction; beta-sheet; transmembrane helices; post-translational modification

Online: 6 June 2023 (03:43:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0349.v1

Anatomy and Histochemistry of the Vegetative Organs of Brachystele guayanensis (Lindl.) Schltr. (Orchidaceae), a Potential Medicinal Species

Igor Soares dos Santos, Marcos José da Silva

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Alkaloids; Cells; Cranichideae; Ergastic substances; Leaf; Micromorphology; Orchidoideae; Rhizomes; Roots; Spiranthinae

Online: 5 June 2023 (16:19:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0347.v1

Growth and Primary Metabolism of Lettuce Seedlings (Lactuca sativa L.) Are Promoted by an Innovative Iron-Based Fenton Composted Amendment

Amalia Piro, Daniela Oliva, Dante Matteo Nisticò, Ilaria Lania, Maria Rita Basile, Giuseppe Chidichimo, Silvia Mazzuca

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: soil amendment; Fenton reaction; seedling growth; plant proteomics; Lettuce

Online: 5 June 2023 (16:14:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0225.v1

Age-Dependent Molecular and Metabolic Rewiring Leading to Wound-Induced Blackening in Cut Carrots

Katie Shulz, Gabriela Machaj, Paul Knox, Robert Hancock, Susan R Verrall, Risto Korpinen, Pekka Saranpaa, Anna Happonen, Barbara Karpinska, Christine Helen Foyer

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Auxin; cell wall composition; chlorogenic acid; lignin; pectin; post harvest wounding; tap roots

Online: 5 June 2023 (02:43:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0183.v1

Barnyardgrass Stress Triggers Root Traits and Phytohormones Levels Changes in Allelopathic and Non-allelopathic Rice

Qiling Yan, Jianhua Tong, Shuyan Li, Qiong Peng

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: allelopathy; barnyardgrass; root trait; phytohormone; biotic stress

Online: 2 June 2023 (10:29:48 CEST)

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Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa spp.) is a prevalent type of weed in rice fields worldwide. Despite the growing knowledge concerning allelopathic interference with barnyardgrass, little is understood regarding the competitive mechanisms between allelopathic rice and herbicide-resistant barnyardgrass at the plant physiological level. In this context, a hydroponic system was employed to investigate the root morphological traits and different phytohormones levels of two rice cultivars, i.e., the allelopathic rice cultivar “PI312777” (PI) and the non-allelopathic rice cultivar “Lemont” (LE), when co-planted with quinclorac-resistant and -susceptible barnyardgrass, respectively. The results showed that the shoot and root biomass were greater in the allelopathic rice cultivar. Moreover, the treatments at the two time points induced an increase in shoot and root biomass of PI when subjected to barnyardgrass stress. In terms of root morphology, PI exhibited significantly higher fine-root length in diameters <0.5 mm, a greater number of root tips, and longer root tips compared to LE. In addition, the levels of different plant hormones, including auxin (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), and salicylic acid (SA), known for their diverse adaptation strategies to biotic stress, were analysed. The response to quinclorac-resistant barnyardgrass stress was consistent in terms of the content of well-known stress-related hormones, namely SA and JA. The accumulation of SA and JA was observed in both rice cultivars under the stress of quinclorac-resistant barnyardgrass, with higher contents of these hormones in PI than that in LE. The most significant change was observed in IAA and ABA contents in rice, which decreased significantly from 7 days to 14 days under co-culture stress. Additionally, PI contained higher levels of IAA and ABA than LE in the presence of barnyardgrass stress. This research may aid in the development of strategies for reducing the environmental impact of herbicides through the prudent selection of non-chemical herbicide control tactics.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2192.v1

Identification of Climate-Smart Bread Wheat Germplasm Lines With Enhanced Adaptation to Global Warming

Anil Patidar, Mahesh C. Yadav, Jyoti Kumari, Shailesh Tiwari, Gautam Chawla, Vijay Paul

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Bread wheat; climate-smart germplasm; adaptation; global warming; heat tolerance; yield stability

Online: 31 May 2023 (07:53:47 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2182.v1

Advances in Somatic Embryogenesis of Banana

Mark Adero, Jaindra N. Tripathi, Leena Tripathi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Banana; Somatic embryogenesis; Embryogenic cell suspension; Morphogenic genes

Online: 31 May 2023 (07:33:09 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2065.v1

Antioxidant Effects of Catechins (EGCG), Andrographolide and Curcuminoids Compounds for Skin Protection, Cosmetics and Dermatological Uses: An Update

Gatien Messire, Raphaël Serreau, Sabine Berteina-Raboin

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Green Tea Catechins (ECGC); andrographolide; curcumin; Skin photoprotection; Skin permeation; Oxidative stress; Antimicrobial; Cosmetic and dermatologic formulations

Online: 30 May 2023 (07:27:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1960.v1

Directional Breeding Generates Distinct Genetic Diversity in Hybrid Turf Bermudagrass as Probed with SSR Markers

Desalegn D. Serba, Tilin Fang, Yanqi Wu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: C. dactylon; C. transvaalensis; interspecific hybrids; cluster analysis; genetic similarity; genetic diversity; directional breeding

Online: 29 May 2023 (08:55:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1946.v1

Receptor for Activated C Kinase1B (RACK1B) Delays Salinity-induced Senescence of Rice Leaves through Negative Regulation of Chlorophyll Degradation

Md Ahasanur Rahman, Hemayet Ullah

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: RACK1B; Rice; Salt stress; Stay-green; Light Harvesting Complex; Chlorophyll degradation; Senescence

Online: 29 May 2023 (02:26:49 CEST)

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Abstract: The widely conserved RACK1 protein is a WD-40 type scaffold protein that regulates diverse environmental stress signal transduction pathways. Arabidopsis RACK1A has been reported to interact with various proteins in salt stress and Light-Harvesting Complex (LHC) pathways. However, the mechanism of how RACK1 contributes to the photosystem and chlorophyll metabolism in stress conditions remains elusive. Using T-DNA-mediated activation tagging transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L.) lines, we show that leaves from rice RACK1B gene (OsRACK1B) gain-of-function (RACK1B-OX) plants exhibit the stay-green phenotype under salinity stress. In contrast, leaves from down-regulated OsRACK1B (RACK1B-UX) plants display an accelerated yellowing. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that several genes encoding chlorophyll catabolic enzymes (CCEs) are differentially expressed in both RACK1B-OX and RACK1B-UX rice plants. In addition to CCEs, STAY-GREEN (SGR) is a key component that forms the SGR-CCE complex in senescing chloroplasts, which causes LHCII complex instability. Transcript and protein profiling revealed a significant upregulation of OsSGR in RACK1B-UX plants than that in RACK1B-OX rice plants during salt treatment. The results imply that senescence-associated transcription factors (TFs) are altered in accordance with altered OsRACK1B expression, indicating a transcriptional reprogramming by OsRACK1B and a novel regulatory mechanism involving the OsRACK1B-OsSGR-TFs complex. Our findings suggest that ectopic expression of OsRACK1B negatively regulates chlorophyll degradation, leads to the steady level of LHC-II isoform Lhcb1, an essential prerequisite for the state transition of photosynthesis for adaptation, and delays salinity-induced senescence. Taken together, these results provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms of salinity-induced senescence, which can be useful in circumventing the effect of salt on photosynthesis and in reducing the yield penalty of important cereal crops, like rice, in global climate change conditions.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1919.v1

Research Progress of Orchid-Fungal-Bacterial Interaction: Theory, Opportunities, and Challenges

Xin He, Deqiang Chen, Meng-Meng Zhang, Ye Huang, Qingyao Zheng, Sagheer Ahmad, Zhong-Jian Liu, Siren Lan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Orchids; microorganisms; fungi; bacteria

Online: 26 May 2023 (10:37:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1897.v1

Soybean Calmodulin-binding Transcription Activators, GmCAMTAs, Negatively Coordinate the Circadian Regulation of Developmental Processes and Drought Stress Responses in Transgenic Arabidopsis

Dongwon Baek, Hyun Min Cho, Ye Jin Cha, Byung Jun Jin, Su Hyeon Lee, Mi Suk Park, Hyun Jin Chun, Min Chul Kim

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: GmCAMTA; circadian rhythm; development; drought stress

Online: 26 May 2023 (09:14:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1861.v1

Agronomic and Physiological Performance of High-Quality Indica Rice Under Moderate and High Nitrogen Conditions in Southern China

Gangqiang Duan, Jiale Wu, Renwei Que, Yanhua Zeng, Yongjun Zeng, Xiaohua Pan, Xiaobing Xie

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: grain yield; biomass; N application rate; high-quality rice

Online: 26 May 2023 (05:23:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1751.v1

Silting Process and Loss of Posidonia oceanica Meadows in the Tyrrhenian Calabria Waters (Southern Italy)

Fabio Ietto, Gaetano Pellicone, Nicola Cantasano

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: hydrographic network; Posidonia oceanica meadow; burial process; regression rate; Calabria region; Mediterranean Sea

Online: 25 May 2023 (07:24:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1744.v1

What is Wrong with Frankenia nodiflora Lam. (Frankeniaceae)? Restoration of a Misunderstood Name and Description of Two New Related Perennial Species from South Africa

Manuel B. Crespo, Mª Ángeles Alonso, Mario Martínez-Azorín, José Luis Villar, Ladislav Mucina

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Frankenia; Frankeniaceae; nomenclature; ITS phylogeny; plant endemics; plant morphology; southern African flora; taxonomy

Online: 25 May 2023 (05:44:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1701.v1

Spergularia hanoverensis (Caryophyllaceae): Validation and Re-Circumscription of a Misinterpreted Species From South Africa

Mª Ángeles Alonso, Manuel B. Crespo, Mario Martínez-Azorín, Ladislav Mucina

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: ITS phylogeny; plant endemics; plant morphology; South African flora; Spergularia; Sperguleae; taxonomy; trnL-trnF phylogeny.

Online: 24 May 2023 (05:20:49 CEST)

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The name “Spergularia hanoverensis Simon” has been misapplied for an endemic taxon confined to inland semi-desert ecosystems in central-western South Africa. It is commonly accepted to be a small annual species occurring in saline habitats in a wide elevation range, but its real identity still remains obscure. In the context of a taxonomic and phylogenetic research on the African species of Spergularia, we found that the name apparently was never validly published still. After revision of herbarium material housed in the South African herbaria, a voucher collected from Hanover was found at PRE bearing some labels handwritten by E. Simon that suggest it might be an intended type for the name. Additional herbarium material and wild populations from Karoo region were identified that matched the samples in that voucher, and taxonomic research was conducted to clarify their identity. Those Karoo plants show a woody dense compact habit, woody perennial at base; stems prostrate to ascendent; leaves entirely glabrous, somewhat glaucous; with large white-hyaline conspicuous stipules; inflorescence glanduliferous, many-flowered subdichasial cyme, with minute bracts; flowers small, with white petals about equalling sepals, stamens 78, and styles free from base; capsule small, with seeds dimorphic, unwinged to broadly winged, with testa always densely tuberculate, among other characters. Molecular analyses of plastid (trnL-trnF region) and nuclear ribosomal (5.8S-ITS2 region) DNA sequence data support morphological differentiation of the Karoo plants, for which the name S. hanoverensis is here effectively published. A full morphological description, as well as data on ecology, habitat, distribution, and taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships of S. hanoverensis are compared to other members of the “South African group”, namely S. glandulosa. S. namaquensis, and S. quartzicola, from which the new species considerably differs. Adaptative significance of dimorphic seeds of S. hanoverensis is briefly commented in context to habitat preference of the species. An identification key is presented for the South African related taxa.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1669.v1

In Silico Potential Antiviral Activity of Polyphenols From Plants Used in Traditional Medicine in La Libertad Región, Peru

Juan Ernesto Valdiviezo-Campos, Clara Divy Rodriguez Aredo, Segundo G. Ruiz-Reyes, Edmundo A. Venegas-Casanova, Mayar Luis Ganoza-Yupanqui, Rainer W. Bussmann

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Phytometabolites; ethnobotany; polyphenols; antiviral activity; molecular docking

Online: 24 May 2023 (02:30:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1588.v1

Comparative Transcriptomics of Multi-Stress Responses in Pachycladon cheesemanii and Arabidopsis thaliana

Yanni Dong, Saurabh Gupta, Jason J. Wargent, Joanna Putterill, Richard C. Macknight, Tsanko S. Gechev, Bernd Mueller-Roeber, Paul P. Dijkwel

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: multi-stress responses; Arabidopsis; comparative transcriptomics; Pachycladon; cross-species comparison; network analysis

Online: 23 May 2023 (10:47:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1530.v1

Drought-Responsive Genes in Tomato: Meta-Analysis of Gene Expression using Machine Learning

Rabiul Haq Chowdhury, Fatiha Sultana Eti, Md. Atiqur Rahman Bhuiyan, Shipan Das Gupta, Mehede Hassan Rubel

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Abiotic stresses; Molecular breeding; Machine learning; Responsive genes; Adapted crops

Online: 22 May 2023 (15:29:12 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1479.v1

The Growth Oscillator and Plant Stomata: an Open and Shut Case

Derek T Lamport

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: calcium homeostasis; AGPs; proton pump; cell wall

Online: 22 May 2023 (08:55:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1433.v1

Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Novel Loci Potentially Associated with Scab Susceptibility in Japanese Apricot (Prunus mume)

Koji Numaguchi, Tomoaki Kashiwamoto, Ryo Ishikawa, Takashige Ishii, Yuto Kitamura

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Japanese apricot; scab; resistance; genome-wide association study (GWAS)

Online: 19 May 2023 (10:46:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1364.v1

Exploring the Multi-Faceted Potential of Carob Leaves from Morocco: A Comprehensive Analysis of Polyphenols Profile, Antimicrobial Activity, Cytotoxicity Against Breast Cancer Cell Lines, and Genotoxicity

Elbouzidi Amine, Mohamed Taibi, Sabir Ouahhoud, Sabir Ouahhoud, Douâae Ou-Yahia, El Hassania Loukili, Marouane Aherkou, Farid Mansouri, Noureddine Bencheikh, Salah Laaraj, Reda Bellaouchi, Ennouamane Saalaoui, Kaoutar Elfazazi, Abdelbasset Berrichi, Malika Abid, Mohamed Addi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Ceratonia siliqua L.; Morocco; HPLC-DAD; Phenolics; Antioxidant activity; Antimicrobial activitiy; cytotoxicity; breast cancer; genotoxicity

Online: 19 May 2023 (03:23:35 CEST)

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The botanical species Ceratonia siliqua L., commonly referred to as the Carob tree, and locally as “L’Kharrûb”, holds significance as an agro-sylvo-pastoral species, and is traditionally utilized in Morocco for treating a variety of ailments. This current investigation aims to ascertain the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic properties of the ethanolic extract of C. siliqua leaves (CSEE). Initially, we analyzed the chemical composition of CSEE through high-performance liquid chromatography with Diode-Array Detection (HPLC-DAD). Subsequently, we conducted various assessments, including DPPH scavenging capacity, β-carotene bleaching assay, ABTS scavenging, and total antioxidant capacity assays, to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the extract. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial properties of CSEE against five bacterial strains (two gram-positive, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis; and three gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli, Escherichia vekanda, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and two fungi (Candida albicans, and Geotrichum candidum). Additionally, we evaluated the cytotoxicity of CSEE on three human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-436) and assessed the potential genotoxicity of the extract using the comet assay. Through HPLC-DAD analysis, we determined that phenolic acids and flavonoids were the primary constituents of the CSEE extract. The results of the DPPH test indicated a potent scavenging capacity of the extract with an IC50 of 302.78 ± 7.55 µg/mL, which was comparable to that of ascorbic acid with an IC50 of 260.24 ± 6.45 µg/mL. Similarly, the β-carotene test demonstrated an IC50 of 352.06 ± 12.16 µg/mL, signifying the extract's potential to inhibit oxidative damage. The ABTS assay revealed IC50 values of 48.13 ± 3.66 TE µmol/mL, indicating a strong ability of CSEE to scavenge ABTS radicals, and the TAC assay demonstrated an IC50 value of 165 ± 7.66 µg AAE/mg. The results suggest that the CSEE extract had potent antioxidant activity. Regarding its antimicrobial activity, the CSEE extract was effective against all five tested bacterial strains, indicating its broad-spectrum antibacterial properties. However, it only showed moderate activity against the two tested fungal strains, suggesting it may not be as effective against fungi. The CSEE exhibited a noteworthy dose-dependent inhibitory activity against all the tested tumor cell lines in vitro. The extract did not induce DNA damage at the concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 µg/ml, as assessed by the comet assay. However, the 100 µg/ml concentration of CSEE resulted in a significant genotoxic effect compared to the negative control. A computational analysis was conducted to determine the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic characteristics of the constituent molecules present in the extract. The Prediction of Activity Spectra of Substances (PASS) test was employed to forecast the potential biological activities of these molecules. Additionally, the toxicity of the molecules was evaluated using the Protox II webserver.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1327.v1

Establishing a Consumer Quality Index for Fresh Plums (Prunus salicina Lindell)

Carlos Haroldo Crisosto

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Plum consumption; Consumer Quality Index; flesh breakdown; temperature management; critical bruising thresholds; maximum maturity; late harvest; firmness; SSC

Online: 18 May 2023 (10:25:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1271.v1

Phylogeny and Flow Cytometry of Species of the Genus Kalidium Moq. (Amaranthaceae s. lato) in Kazakhstan

Bektemir B. Osmonali, Polina V. Vesselova, Gulmira M. Kudabayeva, Mikhail V. Skaptsov, Alexander I. Shmakov, Nikolai Friesen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Chenopodiaceae; Salicornioideae; Salicornieae; Kazakhstan; hybrid; tetraploid

Online: 18 May 2023 (05:09:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1117.v1

Pollen Morphology of Convolvulaceae From Serra Dos Carajás, Southeastern Amazonia

Luiza Araújo Romeiro, Edilson Freitas da Silva, Liziane Vilela Vasconcelos, Karen da Silva Lopes, Camila Fernandes Barra, Wilson Filgueira Batista Junior, Léa Maria Medeiros Carreira, Flávia Cristina Araújo Lucas, José Tasso Felix Guimarães

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Palynology; Taxonomy; Pollen morphology; Convolvulaceae; Carajás.

Online: 16 May 2023 (07:24:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1058.v1

Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of Plant Cysteine Oxidase (PCO) Gene Family in Brassicaceae and Their Roles in Abiotic Stress Response

Xiaohua Bian, Yifan Cao, Ximin Zhi, Ni Ma

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Brassica napus; Plant Cysteine Oxidase (PCO); gene expression; abiotic stress

Online: 15 May 2023 (15:35:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1005.v1

Auxin Signaling in Potato: Canonical and Alternative Pathways and Their Variations Among Mono-, Di-, and Tetraploid Cultivars

Sergey N. Lomin, Oksana O. Kolachevskaya, Dmitry V. Arkhipov, Georgy A. Romanov

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: auxin; signaling; gene expression; transcription regulation; auxin receptors; Aux/IAA proteins; ARF transcription factors; potato cultivars

Online: 15 May 2023 (09:02:05 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0950.v1

Digital Phenotyping for Next-Generation Research on Plant Genetic Resources: The Case of RDA-Genebank

Seong-Hoon Kim, Parthiban Subramanian, Bum-Soo Hahn

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: genebank; digital phenotyping; RDA-Genebank; Nagoya Protocol

Online: 12 May 2023 (13:31:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0943.v1

Identification of Markers Associated with Wheat Dwarf Virus (WDV) Tolerance/Resistance in Barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare) Using Genome Wide Association Studies

Behnaz Soleimani, Heike Lehnert, Sarah Trebing, Antje Habekuß, Frank Ordon, Andreas Stahl, Torsten Will

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: barley; Hordeum vulgare ssp; vulgare; Wheat dwarf virus (WDV); leafhoppers; resistance; tolerance; single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs); marker; QTL

Online: 12 May 2023 (11:50:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0928.v1

Multi-Omics Analysis of Vicia cracca Responses to Chronic Radiation Exposure in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone

Viktoria Voronezhskaya, Polina Volkova, Sofia Bitarishvili, Ekaterina Shesterikova, Mikhail Podlutskii, Gilles Clement, Christian Meyer, Gustavo T. Duarte, Maksim Kudin, Dmitrii Garbaruk, Larisa Turchin, Elizaveta Kazakova

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Fabaceae; transcriptomics; proteomics; metabolomics; low doses; abiotic stress

Online: 12 May 2023 (10:39:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0627.v1

Identification of Heat-Resistant Varieties of Non-Headed Chinese Cabbage and Exploration of Heat-Resistant Physiological Mechanism

Jing Yu, Pengli Li, Song Tu, Ningxiao Feng, Liying Chang, Qingliang Niu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Non-headed Chinese cabbage; heat stress; physiological mechanism; heat-resistant varieties

Online: 9 May 2023 (09:40:07 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0622.v1

Whitefly Transmitted Begomovirus Infection in Plant and Host Response: A Review

Dew Biswas, Arunava Mandal

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Begomovirus; Whitefly; Viral genome; Viral transmission; Host-vector-pathogen interaction; Host defense

Online: 9 May 2023 (09:15:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0569.v1

Occurrence and Damage Levels of Thaumatotibia leucotreta on Capsicum in Selected Counties in Lower Eastern, Kenya

Judith Nabwire Oundo, Shepard Nabwire Ndlela, Abdelmutalab G. A. Azrag, Dorah Kilalo, Florence Olubuyo, Samira Abuelgasim Mohamed

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Occurrence; larval density; population; cropping system; farming practice

Online: 9 May 2023 (04:57:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0339.v1

Genetic Mapping, Candidate Gene Identification and Marker Validation for Host Plant Resistance to the Race 4 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense using Musa acuminata ssp. malaccensis

Andrew Chen, Jiaman Sun, Altus Viljoen, Diane Mostert, Yucong Xie, Leroy Mangila, Sheryl Bothma, Rebecca Lyons, Eva Hřibová, Pavla Christelová, Brigitte Uwimana, Delphine Amah, Stephen Pearce, Ning Chen, Jacqueline Batley, David Edwards, Jaroslav Doležel, Peter Crisp, Allan F. Brown, Guillaume Martin, Nabila Yahiaou, Angelique D’Hont, Lachlan Coin, Rony Swennen, Elizabeth A. B. Aitken

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Banana; fine mapping; quantitative trait locus; Musa acuminata ssp. malaccensis; Fusarium wilt; Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense; Tropical Race 4; Subtropical Race 4; marker assisted selection; resistance gene expression; receptor-like kinase; RNAseq

Online: 5 May 2023 (09:51:49 CEST)

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Fusarium wilt of banana is a devastating disease that has decimated banana production worldwide. Host resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), the causal agent of this disease, is genetically dissected in this study using two Musa acuminata ssp. malaccensis segregating populations segregating for Foc Tropical (TR4) and Subtropical (STR4) race 4 resistance. Marker loci and trait association using 11 SNP-based PCR markers allowed the candidate region to be delimited to a 12.9 cM genetic interval corresponding to a 959 kb region on Chromosome 3 of ‘DH-Pahang’ reference assembly v4. Within this region, there is a cluster of pattern recognition receptors, namely leucine rich repeat ectodomain containing receptor-like protein kinases, cysteine-rich cell wall associated protein kinases, and leaf rust 10 disease-resistance locus receptor-like proteins positioned in an interspersed arrangement. Their transcript levels were rapidly upregulated in the resistant but not in susceptible F2 progenies at the onset of infection. This suggests that one or several of these genes may control resistance at this locus. To confirm the segregation of single-gene resistance, we generated an inter-cross between the resistant parent ‘Ma850’ and a susceptible line ‘Ma848’, to show that the STR4 resistance co-segregated with marker ‘28820’ at this locus. Finally, an informative SNP marker 29730 allowed the locus specific resistance to be assessed in a collection of diploid and polyploid banana plants. Out of the 60 lines screened, 22 lines were predicted to carry resistance at this locus, including lines known to be TR4 resistant, such as ‘Pahang’, ‘SH-3362’, ‘SH-3217’, ‘Ma-ITC0250’, and ‘DH-Pahang/CIRAD 930’. Additional screening in the International Institute for Tropical Agriculture’s collection suggests that the dominant allele is common among in the elite ‘Matooke’ NARITA hybrids, as well as in other triploid or tetraploid hybrids derived from East African highland bananas. Fine-mapping and candidate gene identification will allow characterization of molecular mechanisms underlying TR4 resistance. The markers developed in this study can now aid the marker-assisted selection of TR4 resistance in breeding programs around the world.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0337.v1

Screening and Validation of Internal Reference Genes for Quan-Titative Real-Time PCR Analysis of Leaf Color Mutants in Den-Drobium Officinale

Hua Cao, Han Li, Lin Lu, Yulu Ji, Lulin Ma, Shenchong Li

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Dendrobium officinale; leaf color; qRT-PCR; reference gene; leaf color mutant

Online: 5 May 2023 (09:34:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0301.v1

Leaf Proteomic Analysis in Two Maize Landraces With Different Tolerance to Boron Toxicity

Betty M. Mamani-Huarcaya, María Teresa Navarro-Gochicoa, María Begoña Herrera-Rodríguez, Juan J Camacho-Cristóbal, Carlos J. Ceacero, Óscar Fernadez Cutire, Agustín González-Fontes, Jesús Rexach

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: boron toxicity; proteomic analysis; maize landrace; Zea mays

Online: 5 May 2023 (05:01:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.1276.v1

Understanding Transcription Factors and How They Affect Metabolic Processes in Cucumber Sex Determination

Szymon Turek, Aparna Aparna, Agnieszka Skarzyńska, Wojciech Pląder, Magdalena Pawełkowicz

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: transcription factors; interactome network; sex development; sex determination; Cucumber (Cucumis sativus); metabolomic processes

Online: 1 May 2023 (00:01:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.1122.v1

Methyl Jasmonate Has Different Effect on the Growth and For-Mation of C13- and C14-Hydroxylated Taxoids in the Cell Culture of Yew (Taxus wallichiana Zucc.) of Different Age

Elena V. Demidova, Elena B. Globa, Andrey Klushin, Dmitry Kochkin, Alexander Mikhaylovich Nosov

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: plant cell culture; elicitation; methyl jasmonate; paclitaxel; plant secondary metabolism; C14-hydroxylated taxoids

Online: 28 April 2023 (05:28:39 CEST)

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The effects of methyl jasmonate (MeJ) on growth and taxoid formation in the cell culture of Himalayan yew was investigated for elucidate the specifics of the action of phytohormones on dedifferentiated plant cells in vitro. The characteristics of the same suspension culture of Taxus wallichiana was compared in 2017 ("young culture") and in 2022 ("old culture") - 1.5 or 6 years after culture induction, respectively. Cells were grown in flasks and bioreactors, MeJ (100 µM) was added at the exponential growth phase. It was found that cell culture demonstrated good growth (dry weight (DW) accumulation 10–18 g/l, specific growth rate µ = 0.15–0.35 day-1) regardless of "age", cultivation system and MeJ addition. UPLC–ESI-MS analysis showed the presence of C14-hydroxylated taxoids (yunnanxane, taxuyunnanine C, sinenxane C, sinenxane B) in cell biomass in the amounts comparable to plants. The content of C14-OH taxoids during 5 years of cultivation increased by 3-5 times. It was 0.2–1.6 mg/g DW for "young culture” and 0.6-10.1 mg/g for “old culture” depending on cultivation conditions. The ratio of individual compounds changed also: in the "young culture" was predominant yunnanxane, in the "old culture" - sinenxane C. Important that C13-hydroxylated taxoids were found in trace amounts only in the "young culture” (below 0.05 mg/g DW) and were not detected in the "old culture”. The response to MeJ was radically different depending on culture’s «age». In the “young culture”, exogenous MeJ had no effect on the content of C14-OH com-pounds, but significantly (almost 10 times) increased the content of C13-OH compounds. In particular, paclitaxel concentration was elevated up to 0.12–0.19 mg/g DW, which is comparable to its content in the bark of yew trees. By contrast, MeJ added to the "old culture” had minor effect on the synthesis of C13-OH toxoids that appeared in trace amounts only (below 3.5 µg/g DW for paclitaxel) but notably increased the content of C14-OH compounds (1.5–2.0 times in flasks and 5–8 times in bioreactors). These findings suggest that hormonal signaling in dedifferentiated yew cells grown in vitro is different from that in plants and change with culture age. This might be a result of the high level of heterogeneity of cells in vitro and their constant auto-selection for proliferate intensity which leads to predominant formation of C14-OH taxoids versus C13-OH taxoids and modified cell response to exogenous MeJ treatment. These results have both fundamental and practical biotechnological application.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0666.v1

Appraisal of Functions and Role of Selenium in Heavy Metal Stress Adaptation in Plants

Mohd Asgher, Abdul Rehaman, Syed Nazar ul Islam, Mohd Arshad, Nafees A Khan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Heavy metal; Mineral Nutrition; Phytohormones; Selenium

Online: 21 April 2023 (03:34:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0586.v1

Cytokinin Signaling Are Required for Multi-Main Stems Development in Brassica napus L.

Qian Wang, Na Xue, Chao Sun, Jing Tao, Chao Mi, Yi Yuan, Xiangwei Pan, Min Gui, Ronghua Long, Renzhan Ding, Shikai Li, Liangbin Lin

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Brassica napus L.; Shoot apical meristem (SAM); shoot branching; Transcriptome; Cytokinin

Online: 19 April 2023 (10:38:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0574.v1

Insights into the Genes Involved in ABA Biosynthesis and Perception during Development and Ripening of the Chilean Strawberry Fruit

Maria Alejandra Moya-León, Yazmina Stappung, Elena Mattus-Araya, Raúl Herrera

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: ABA biosynthesis; ABA perception; Fragaria chiloensis; fruit ripening; NCED; PYR/PYL receptors; phylogenic analysis; RT-qPCR

Online: 19 April 2023 (08:43:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0493.v1

WGCNA Identifies a Comprehensive Gene Co-Expression Network Associated with Development in autotetraploid potato tissues

Zhimin Li, Juan Wang, Jiayin Wang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Autotetraploid; Potato; RNA-Seq; WGCNA analysis; Hub genes

Online: 18 April 2023 (05:25:28 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0367.v1

From Bioclimatic Envelopes to Machine Learning: A Journey Through the History, Present, and Future of Species Distribution Modeling With Practical Tips for Use and Notes to Bryophytes

Lukáš Číhal

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: species distribution modeling; machine learning; MaxEnt; bryophytes; climatic change.

Online: 14 April 2023 (10:35:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0240.v1

Proteome and Interactome Linked to Metabolism, Genetic In-Formation Processing and Abiotic Stress, in the Gametophyte of Two Woodferns

Sara Ojosnegros, José Manuel Alvarez, Jonas Grossmann, Valeria Gagliardini, Luis G. Quintanilla, Ueli Grossniklaus, Helena Fernández

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Dryopteris affinis ssp. affinis; Dryopteris oreades; fern; gametophyte; non-seed plants; proteome; STRING database

Online: 12 April 2023 (04:42:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0179.v1

In Vitro Pharmacological Activities of Methanol Extract of Acmella oleracea Leaves: A Variety Grown in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Md. Mahbubol Alam, Sajidur Rahman Akash

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Acmella oleracea; Anti-oxidant; In vitro; Anti-bacterial; Methanol extract

Online: 11 April 2023 (03:09:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0058.v1

Identification of Iron Deficiency Induced Chlorosis Tolerant Lines from Wild Rice Germplasm

Rahul Kumar, Huseyin Yer

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Aerobic Rice; Chlorosis; Iron Deficiency; Oryza; Wild Germplasm; IDIC; SPAD

Online: 5 April 2023 (11:34:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0023.v1

PSI-mediated Vacuolar Sorting is not Disrupted in Arabidopsis leb-2 Mutant

Tatiana Cardoso, Miguel Sampaio, João Neves, Sofia Oliveira, Inês Moura, Ana Séneca, José Pissarra, Susana Pereira, Cláudia Pereira

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Arabidopsis; ER-bodies; aspartic proteinases; Plant Specific Insert; Vacuolar sorting; Endomembranes

Online: 3 April 2023 (10:36:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0481.v1

IRAPs in Combination with Highly Informative ISSRs Confer Effective Potentials for Genetic Diversity and Fidelity Assessment in Rhododendron

Sulin Wen, Hong Zhao, Manying Zhang, Guang Qiao, Xiaohui Shen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: genetic fidelity; genetic diversity; IRAP; ISSR; Rhododendron

Online: 28 March 2023 (09:56:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0295.v2

In Silico Analysis Identified bZIP Transcription Factors under Abiotic Stress in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

Atit Parajuli, Bhabesh Borphukan, Karen Sanguinet, Zhiwu Zhang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Alfalfa; bZIP transcription factor; phylogenetic analysis; expression pattern; abiotic stress

Online: 27 March 2023 (08:37:10 CEST)

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Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is the most cultivated forage legume around the world. Under a variety of growing conditions, forage yield in alfalfa is stymied by biotic and abiotic stresses including heat, salt, drought, and disease. Given the sessile nature of plants, they use strategies such as differential gene expression to respond to environmental cues. Transcription factors control the expression of genes that contribute to or enable tolerance and survival during periods of stress. Basic-leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors have been demonstrated to play a critical role in regulating plant growth and development as well as mediate the responses to abiotic stress in several species, including Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, Lotus japonicus, and Medicago truncatula. However, there is little information about bZIP transcription factors in cultivated alfalfa. In the present study, 237 bZIP genes were identified in alfalfa from publicly available sequencing data. Multiple sequence alignments showed the presence of intact bZIP motifs in the identified sequences. Based on previous phylogenetic analyses in Arabidopsis thaliana, alfalfa bZIPs were similarly divided and fell into 10 groups. The physicochemical properties, motif analysis, and phylogenetic study of the alfalfa bZIPs revealed high specificity within groups. The differential expression of alfalfa bZIPs in a suite of tissues indicates that particular bZIP genes are specifically expressed at different developmental stages in alfalfa. Similarly, expression analysis in response to ABA, cold, drought, and salt stresses, indicates that a subset of bZIP genes are also differentially expressed and likely play a role in abiotic stress signaling and/or tolerance. These expression patterns were further verified by qRT-PCR. However, further functional characterization of bZIP transcription factors in alfalfa will help illuminate the role they play in stress tolerance mechanisms in legumes and facilitate the molecular breeding of stress tolerance in alfalfa.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0382.v1

Combinatorial Effect of Multiple Variables on Carotenoids and Lipids Up-Regulation in Monoraphidium sp. for Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Applications

Kushi Yadav, Shashi Kumar, Ganesh Chandrakant Nikalje, Monika Prakash Rai

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Microalgae; Monoraphidium sp.; Abiotic stress; Biomass; Carotenoids; Lipids

Online: 22 March 2023 (01:49:20 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0348.v1

Understanding the Origin of Luminescence in Porous Organosilica Films with Various Organic Components

Md Rasadujjaman, Jinming Zhang, Dmitry A. Spassky, Sergej Naumov, Alexey S. Vishnevskiy, Konstantin A. Vorotilov, Jiang Yan, Jing Zhang, Mikhail R. Baklanov

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: low-k dielectrics; organosilica glass; interconnects; photoluminescence; oxygen deficient centers

Online: 20 March 2023 (07:05:55 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0280.v1

Salinity as a Key Factor in Structuring Macrophyte Assemblages in Transitional Water Bodies: The Case of the Apulian Coastal Lagoons (Southern Italy)

Andrea Tursi, Anna Lisco, Giovanni Chimienti, Francesco Mastrototaro, Nicola Ungaro, Antonella Bottalico

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: transitional water ecosystems; coastal lagoons; biodiversity; typology; aquatic vegetation; abiotic factors; benthic communities; conservation; environmental variability

Online: 15 March 2023 (10:08:21 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0274.v1

Leaf Gas Exchange and Photosystem II Fluorescence Responses to CO₂ Cycling

James Bunce

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: elevated CO2; fluctuation; photosynthesis; stomatal conductance; photosystem II; cycling; fluorescence

Online: 15 March 2023 (08:57:01 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0229.v1

Creation of Stress-Resistant Mutant Forms for Rice Breeding by Irradiating Seeds with Ionizing Radiation and Treating Them with Salinity and Drought Factors

Nurbol Appazov, Anastasiya Kruglyak, Yulia Aleksiayenak, Kurmanbek Bakiruly, Aidos Zhalbyrov, Gulsim Baimbetova, Zeinolla Yershin, Yury Gledenov, Aleksandr Doroshkevich

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: rice; variety; selection; mutagenesis; gamma rays; fast neutrons; salinity; drought tolerance

Online: 13 March 2023 (10:28:52 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0168.v1

Genome-Resolved Metagenomics of Nitrogen Transformations in the Switchgrass Rhizosphere Microbiome on Marginal Lands

Richard Allen White III, Aaron Garoutte, Emily E. Mclachlan, Lisa K. Tiemann, Sarah Evans, Maren L. Friesen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: rhizosphere; phyllosphere; metagenomics; microbiome; nutrient cycling; metagenomic assembled-genomes (MAGs); nitrogen-fixation; nitrogen

Online: 9 March 2023 (06:30:48 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0499.v1

Penicillium citrinum Provides Transkingdom Growth Benefits in Choy Sum (Brassica rapa var. parachinensis)

Keyu Gu, Cheng-Yen Chen, Poonguzhali Selvaraj, Shruti Pavagadhi, Yoon Ting Yeap, Sanjay Swarup, Wenhui Zheng, Naweed I. Naqvi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Choy Sum; Penicillium citrinum; growth promotion; gibberellin; cytokinin; phytohormone

Online: 28 February 2023 (03:22:23 CET)

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Soil-borne beneficial microbes establish symbioses with plant hosts, and play key roles during growth and development therein. In this study, two fungal strains, FLP7 and B9, were isolated from the rhizosphere microbiome associated with Choy Sum (Brassica rapa var. parachinensis) and barley (Hordeum vulgare), respectively. Sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer and 18S ribosomal RNA genes combined with colony and conidial morphology identified FLP7 and B9 to be Penicillium citrinum strains/isolates. Plant-fungus interaction assays revealed that isolate B9 showed significant growth promotion effects in Choy Sum plants cultivated in normal soil, as well as under phosphate-limiting conditions. In comparison to the mock control, B9-inoculated plants showed a 34% increase in growth in aerial parts, and an 85% upsurge in the fresh weight of roots when cultivated in sterilized soil. The dry biomass of such fungus-inoculated Choy Sum increased by 39% and 74% for the shoots and roots, respectively. Root colonization assays showed that P. citrinum associates directly with the root surface but does not enter or invade the root cortex of the inoculated Choy Sum plants. Preliminary results also indicated that P. citrinum can promote growth in Choy Sum via volatile metabolites too. Interestingly, we detected relatively higher amounts of gibberellins and cytokinins in axenic P. citrinum culture filtrates through liquid-chromatography mass-spectrometry analyses. This could plausibly explain the overall growth induction in P. citrinum-inoculated Choy Sum plants. Furthermore, the phenotypic growth defects associated with the Arabidopsis ga1 mutant could be chemically complemented by the exogenous application of P. citrinum culture filtrate, which also showed accumulation of fungus-derived active gibberellins. Our study underscores the importance of transkingdom beneficial effects of such mycobiome-assisted nutrient assimilation, and beneficial fungus-derived phytohormone-like metabolites in induction of robust growth in urban farmed crops.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0407.v1

Comprehensive Analysis of Calcium Sensor Families, CBL and CIPK, in Aeluropus littoralis and Its Expression Profile in Response to Salinity

Mozhdeh Arab, Hamid Najafi Zarrini, Ghorbanali Nematzadeh, Parviz Heidari, Seyyed Hamidreza Hashemipetroudi, Markus Kuhlmann

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Calcium sensors; CBL; CIPK; Salt stress; Kinases; Cell signaling

Online: 23 February 2023 (09:44:44 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0152.v2

What Can Be Learnt by a Synoptic Review of Plant Disease Epidemics and Outbreaks Published in 2021

Mike Jeger, Hannah Fielder, Tim Beale, Anna Szyniszewska, Stephen Parnell, Nik Cunniffe

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Plant disease epidemics

Online: 23 February 2023 (02:56:41 CET)

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A synoptic review of plant disease epidemics and outbreaks was made using two complementary approaches. The first approach involved reviewing scientific literature published in 2021, in which quantitative data related to new plant disease epidemics or outbreaks were obtained via surveys or similar methodologies. The second approach involved retrieving new records added in 2021 to the CABI Distribution Database, which contains over a million global geographic records of organisms from over 50,000 species. The literature review retrieved 186 articles, describing studies in 62 categories (pathogen species/species complexes) across >40 host species on 6 continents. Pathogen species with >5 articles were: Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, cassava mosaic viruses, citrus tristeza virus, Erwinia amylovora, Fusarium spp. complexes, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, Magnaporthe oryzae, maize lethal necrosis co-infecting viruses, Meloidogyne spp. complexes, Pseudomonas syringae pvs, Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, Xylella fastidiosa, and Zymoseptoria tritici. Automated searches of the CABI Distribution Database identified 617 distribution records new in 2021 of 283 plant pathogens. A further manual review of these records confirmed 15 pathogens reported in new locations: apple hammerhead viroid, apple rubbery wood viruses, Aphelenchoides besseyi, Biscogniauxia mediterranea, Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus, citrus tristeza virus, Colletotrichum siamense, cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus, Erwinia rhapontici, Erysiphe corylacearum, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4, Globodera rostochiensis, Nothophoma quercina, potato spindle tuber viroid, and tomato brown rugose fruit virus. Of these, 4 pathogens had at least 25% of all records reported in 2021. We assessed two of these pathogens – tomato brown rugose fruit virus and cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus – to be actively emerging in/spreading to new locations. Although three important pathogens – Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus, citrus tristeza virus and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense – were represented in the results of both our literature review and our interrogation of the CABI Distribution Database, in general our dual approaches revealed distinct sets of plant disease outbreaks and new records, with little overlap.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0532.v2

Myrtus communis Leaves: Source of Bioactives, Traditional Use and their Biological Properties

Mushtaq Mir

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: natural products; plant extracts; Myrtus communis; medicinal plants; antimicrobial; antioxidants; antiviral; biofilm inhibition

Online: 7 February 2023 (03:33:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0087.v1

Identification of Technological Effectiveness for Mechanized Harvesting of Red Currant Cultivars Based on Bush Morphology and Mechanical Fruit Parameters

Olga Panfilova, Ibrahim Kahramanoglu, Gabrijel Ondrasek, Nelly Ryago, Mikhail Tsoy, Alex Seguel, Sebastian Meier, Volkan Okatan, Serhat Usanmaz, Murat Helvacı

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: intensive horticulture; bush habit; qualitative characteristics of berries; sintering and shedding of berries; yield; technologies; mechanized harvesting

Online: 6 February 2023 (08:37:14 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0422.v1

Effects of Herbicide Glyphosate on Fitness Attributes of Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister

Shalini Aryan, R. K. Gupta, R. S. Bandral, S. K. Singh, Susheel Sharma, S. K. Gupta, Umer Basu, Shafat Ahamad Ahanger

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Biological control; fitness attributes; glyphosate; Herbicide; insect; integrated weed management; Parthenium; Zygogramma bicolorata; weed

Online: 24 January 2023 (03:31:54 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0366.v1

The Natal Giant Cycad (Encephalartos natalensis) Associated Nutrient-cycling Microbes and Enzymes Contribute to Soil Nutrient Inputs and Persistence in Nutrient-poor Disturbed Savanna Woodland Ecosystems

Siphelele Ndlovu, Terrence N. Suinyuy, María Pérez-Fernández, Anathi Magadlela

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Encephalartos natalensis; microbe-symbiosis; soil nutrition; enzyme activities; soil nutrient cycling

Online: 19 January 2023 (15:29:52 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0182.v1

Role of Non-structural Sugar Metabolism in Regulating Tuber Dormancy in White Yam (Dioscorea rotundata)

Jeremiah S. Nwogha, Wosene G Abtew, Muthurajan Raveendran, Happiness O Oselebe, Jude E Obidiegwu, Cynthia A Chilaka, Amirtham D Domodarasamy

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Sugars; metabolism; yam; tuber; genotypes; dormancy; regulation

Online: 10 January 2023 (10:24:48 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0117.v1

Biochemical and Molecular Characterization of Musa sp. Cultured on Temporary Immersion Bioreactor

Christopher A Sambolín Pérez, Rosalinda Aybar Batista, Sullymar Morales Marrero, Dinorah Andino Santiago, Axel Reyes Colón, Juan A Negron Berrios, Angel Núñez Marrero, Alok Arun

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Temporary Immersion Bioreactor; Micropropagation; Plantain; plant tissue culture

Online: 6 January 2023 (06:26:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0097.v1

Growth Developmental Defects of Mitochondrial Iron Transporter 1 and 2 Mutants in Arabidopsis in Iron Sufficient Conditions

Joaquin Vargas, Isabel Gómez, Elena Vidal, Chun Pong Lee, A. Harvey Millar, Xavier Jordana, Hannetz Roschzttardtz

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: mitochondria; iron transporters; MIT; developmental defects; RNA-seq

Online: 5 January 2023 (03:42:32 CET)

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Iron is the most abundant micronutrient in plant mitochondria and it has a crucial role in biochemical reactions involving electron transfer. It has been described in Oryza sativa that Mitochondrial Iron Transporter (MIT) is an essential gene and that knockdown mutant rice plants have a decreased amount of iron in mitochondria, strongly suggesting that OsMIT is involved in mitochondrial iron uptake. In Arabidopsis thaliana, two genes encode MIT homologues. In this study, we analyzed different AtMIT1 and AtMIT2 mutant alleles, confirming that individually AtMIT1 nor AtMIT2 genes are essential. When we generated crosses between Atmit1 and Atmit2 alleles we were able to isolate homozygous double mutant plants. Interestingly, homozygous double mutant plants were obtained only when mutant alleles of Atmit2 with the T-DNA insertion in the intron region were used for crossings, and in these cases a correctly spliced AtMIT2 mRNA was generated, although at a low level. Atmit1 Atmit2 double homozygous mutant plants, which were knockout for AtMIT1 and knockdown for AtMIT2, were grown and chacterised in iron sufficient conditions. Pleiotropic developmental defects were observed including abnormal seeds, increased number of cotyledons, slow growth rate, pinoid stems, defects in flower structures and reduced seed set. We observed a possible phenomenon of T-DNA suppression in the next generation of Atmit1 Atmit2 double homozygous mutant plants, correlating with an increased splicing of the AtMIT2 intron containing the T-DNA. Molecular analysis of gene expression markers for mitochondrial and oxidative stress showed that Atmit1 Atmit2 double homozygous mutant plants express a degree of mitochondrial perturbation. A RNA-Seq study was performed and we could identify more than 760 genes differentially expressed in Atmit1 Atmit2, including genes involved in iron transport, coumarin metabolism, and hormones metabolism, transport and signaling. Our data suggest that some of the phenotypes observed in Atmit1 Atmit2 double homozygous mutant plants are mediated by defects in auxin homeostasis.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0028.v1

Do Opposites Attract? New Insight into the Crosstalk between Auxin and ABA.

Paloma Ortiz-García, Adrián González Ortega-Villaizán, Francis Chukwuma Onejeme, Maren Müller, Stephan Pollmann

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: indole-3-acetic acid; abscisic acid; plant hormones; crosstalk; signaling

Online: 3 January 2023 (09:36:32 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0506.v1

Chemophenetic Approach to Selected Senecioneae Species, Combining Morphometric and UHPLC-HRMS Analyses

Yulian Voynikov, Vessela Balabanova, Reneta Gevrenova, Dimitrina Zheleva-Dimitrova

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Senecio; Jacoboea; Orbitrap; chemophenetic; clustering; R

Online: 27 December 2022 (03:16:47 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0411.v1

Modern Approaches for the Development of New Herbicides Based on Natural Compounds

Alexander Berestetskiy

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: chemical herbicides; phytotoxin; natural compounds; biorational herbicides; screening; formula-tions; synthesis; mechanisms of action

Online: 22 December 2022 (03:18:18 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0281.v1

Meta-Analysis of Aquaporin Gene Family in Triticum turgidum and Its Expression Profile in Response to Salt Stress

Mahnaz Yaghobi, Parviz Heidari

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Water channel; Abiotic stresses; Wheat genes; Post-translation modification; Gene expression

Online: 15 December 2022 (10:07:52 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0272.v1

Apiaceae Medicinal Plants: A Review of Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Bolting and Flowering, and Controlling Approaches

Meiling Li, Min Li, Li Wang, Mengfei Li, Jianhe Wei

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Apiaceae plant; Traditional use; Phytochemistry; Bolting and flowering; Controlling approach; Lignification

Online: 15 December 2022 (07:18:54 CET)

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Ethnopharmacological relevance: Apiaceae plants have been widely used as traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) for the treatment of removing dampness to relieve pain, relaxing tendons, and activating blood, as well as relieving superficies and dispelling cold. Aim of the review: This review aims to summarize the traditional use, phytochemistry, and modern pharmacological use of Apiaceae medicinal plants (AMPs), highlight the effect of bolting and flowering (BF) on yield and quality, and provide a basis for controlling the BF. Materials and methods: All literatures involved in AMPs were searched using various online databases (e.g., PubMed, Web of science, Google Scholar, Springer, and CNKI). Additional information was collected from ethnobotanical literature focusing on herbs from Flora of China and local herbal classic literature. Result: A total of 228 AMPs have been recorded to be used as TCMs, with 6 medicinal parts (i.e., the whole plants, rhizomes and/or roots, stems, leaves, fruits, and seeds) categorized, 72 traditional uses (e.g., relieving pain, dispelling wind, and eliminating dampness) enriched, 62 modern pharmacological uses (e.g., anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antitumor activities) enriched, and 5 main kinds of metabolites (i.e., polysaccharides, alkaloids, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, and terpenoids) categorized. Based on the influence level of BF on the yield and quality, 38 rhizomatous AMPs are categorized into 3 classes including: significantly affected, differently affected to some extent, and no significantly affected. Although the mechanism of BF inducing the rhizome lignification has been revealed to some extent, and several attempts have been made to control the BF, especially in Angelica sinensis, the problem of BF has not been solved in the practical production. Conclusions: So far, the traditional use of the 228 AMPs has been recorded, while the phytochemistry and modern pharmacological researches are still limited, thus, it is a treasure to find out new therapeutic agents. Since the BF regulated by internal factors and external factors have been demonstrated, and several key genes involved in BF have been identified, thus, it is available to control the BF by planting with standard techniques and innovating new cultivars using the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system. This review will provide useful references for the exploration and utilization, as well as the improvement of yield and quality of AMPs.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0185.v1

De Novo Assembly and Annotation of 11 Diverse Shrub Willow (Salix) Genomes Reveals Novel Gene Organization in Sex-Linked Regions

Brennan Hyden, Kai Feng, Timothy B Yates, Sara Jawdy, Chelsea Cereghino, Lawrence B Smart, Wellington Muchero

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Salix; shrub willow; genome assembly; sex determination

Online: 12 December 2022 (01:46:15 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0184.v1

Improving Abiotic Stress Tolerance of Forage Grasses – Prospects of Using Genome Editing

Ferenz Sustek-Sánchez, Odd-Arne Rognli, Nils Rostoks, Merike Sõmera, Kristina Jaškūnė, Mallikarjuna Rao Kovi, Gražina Statkevičiūtė, Cecilia Sarmiento

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: CRISPR; genome editing; gene editing; forage grass; abiotic stress; plant

Online: 12 December 2022 (01:38:47 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0481.v1

Cytotoxic Potential of Bioactive Compounds From Aspergillus Flavus, an Endophytic Fungus Isolated From Cynodon dactylon: Experimental and Computational Approach

Arjun Kumar Kalimuthu, Pavadai Parasuraman, Theivendren Panneerselvam, Ewa Babkiewicz, Joanna Pijanowska, Piotr Mrowka, Gopalan Rajagopal, Deepak Venkatraman, Krishnan Sundar, Piotr Maszczyk, Selvaraj Kunjiappan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Cynodon dactylon; Aspergillus flavus; endophytic fungus; secondary metabolites; anticancer; breast cancer; Bcl-2

Online: 25 November 2022 (10:19:48 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0408.v1

Temporal Dynamics of Soil Microbial Biomass C, N and P along an Altitudinal Gradient in Kumaun Himalayan Belt of India

Vijyeta Manral, Kiran Bargali, Surendra Singh Bargali, Himani Karki, Ravi Chaturvedi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: abiotic variables; altitude; immobilization; mineralization; mixed oak-pine forest

Online: 22 November 2022 (07:04:44 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0199.v1

Analysis of Fast Fluorescence Kinetics of a Single Cyanobacterium Trapped in an Optical Microcavity

Tim Rammler, Frank Wackenhut, Johanna Rapp, Sven Zur Oven-Krockhaus, Karl Forchhammer, Klaus Harter, Alfred J. Meixner

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: cyanobacteria; photosystem; fast fluorescence kinetics; optical microcavity; fluorescence microscopy

Online: 10 November 2022 (11:05:24 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0173.v1

Genome-wide Identification of the Aconitase Gene Family in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and CRISPR-based Functional Characterization of SlACO2 on Male-sterility

Zafer Seçgin, Selman Uluisik, Kubilay Yıldırım, Mohamed Farah Abdulla, Karam Mostafa, Musa Kavas

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: aconitate hydratase; CRISPR/Cas9; male sterility; seedless tomato

Online: 9 November 2022 (10:01:29 CET)

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Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most cultivated vegetables in the world due to its consumption in a large variety of raw, cooked, or processed foods. Tomato breeding and productivity highly depend on the use of hybrid seeds and their higher yield, environmental adaption, and disease tolerance. However, the emasculation procedure during hybridization raises tomato seed production costs and labor expenses. Using male sterility is an effective way to reduce the cost of hybrid seeds and ensure cultivar purity. Recent developments in CRISPR genome editing technology enabled tomato breeders to investigate the male sterility genes and to develop male-sterile tomato lines. In the current study, the tomato Acotinase (SlACO) gene family was investigated via in-silico tools and functionally characterized with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene disruption. Genome-wide blast and HMM search represented two SlACO genes located on different tomato chromosomes. Both genes were estimated to have a segmental duplication in the tomato genome due to their identical motif and domain structure. One of these genes, SlACO2, showed a high expression profile in all generative cells of tomato. Therefore, the SlACO2 gene was targeted with two different gRNA/Cas9 construct to identify their functional role in tomato. The gene was mutated in a total of 6 genome-edited tomato lines, 2 of which were homozygous. Surprisingly, pollen viability was found to be extremely low in mutant plants compared to their wild-type (WT) counterparts. Likewise, the number of seeds per fruit also sharply decreased more than fivefold in mutant lines (10-12 seed) compared to that in WT (67 seed). The pollen shape, anther structures, and flower colors/shapes were not significantly varied between the mutant and WT tomatoes. The mutated lines were also subjected to salt and mannitol-mediated drought stress to test the effect of SlACO2 on abiotic stress tolerance. The results of the study indicated that mutant tomatoes have higher tolerance with significantly lower MDA content under stress conditions. This is the first CRISPR-mediated characterization of ACO genes on pollen viability, seed formation, and abiotic stress tolerance in tomato.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0156.v1

Pine Decline or Pine Declines? Analysis and Interpretation Bog Pines from Wem Moss, Shropshire, UK

Jonathan Guido Andre Lageard

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Anaerobic Preservation; Dendrochronology; Peatland Archives; Pine Decline; Pinus sylvestris L.; Radiocarbon (14C) Dating

Online: 8 November 2022 (11:56:28 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0145.v1

Compounds Characterization of a Mucuna Seed Extract: L-Dopa, Arginine, Stizolamine, and Some Fructooligosaccharides

Ana Lilia Hernández-Orihuela, Karla Viridiana Castro-Cerritos, Mercedes Guadalupe López, Agustino Martínez-Antonio

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Mucuna seed; L-Dopa content; Lyophilized extract; Sugars identification; TLC; Mass spectrometry

Online: 8 November 2022 (03:31:47 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0165.v1

Aerobic Rice (Cv. MRIA) Differs Temporarily by Environmental Stress during Seed Development and Maturation

Siti maslizah Abdul Rahman, Afiqah Ibrahim, Noor ‘Ayunis Che Yon, Aiman Hanafi Mohamad Fauzi, Nurulnathasa Amirullah, Siti Nur Anisah Aani, Uma Rani Sinniah

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: aerobic rice; high temperature; water limitation; yield component; seed quality; amylose content

Online: 12 October 2022 (07:28:25 CEST)

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Drought and high temperature often occur simultaneously will eventually affect rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield and seed quality. The objective of the study was to compare the effects of high temperature (HT) and water limitation (WL) during seed development and maturation on yield component, seed quality, and amylose content in aerobic rice cv. MRIA. Two experiments were conducted concurrently in greenhouse with ⁓35/26℃ subjected to elevated HT and/or WL; 5 days 38/28°C at 10, 15, 29 DAA and/or HT; 7 days at 40/28℃ at 8 and 21 DAA with 12h photoperiod in control environment growth chamber. Both experiments were respectively harvested at physiological maturity of 31 and 35 DAA. Grain yielded from the irrigated plant declined from over 27% to below 18% between 15 and 29 DAA. Combination stresses resulted in greater reduction of grain yield than single stress. Late seed development (29 DAA) had no effect either on yield component or seed quality as well as produce a high concentration in amylase content (16.7%) with greater germination capacity (91%). The non-stress plant harvested at 21 DAA resulted the highest percentage of germinated seeds (97%) whereas the vigour index (VI) was reduced to 70.3% and 58.9% at 8 and 21 DAA respectively. Extended plant stress to 7 consecutive days incurred the highest VI with low concentration of amylose content. There was a linear relationship incurred between seed amylase content with germination capacity and VI, however, there was an inverse relationship (R2 = 0.19) between amylase content with VI from plant treated with (HT and/or WL) for 7 days. The present results confirmed that the avoidance HT and WL during early (10 DAA) and mid (15 DAA) seed development with short duration of stress (5 days) obtained better in yield component, enhanced the seed quality and amylose concentration. The combined HT and WL damaged seeds’ quality were more than each stress alone. Therefore, avoiding HT and WL can be practically applied by farmers by irrigating throughout the rice plant during histodifferentiation to save water usage during seed maturation.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0106.v1

Abiotic and Biotic Combined Stress in Tomato: Additive, Synergic and Antagonistic Effects and Within-plant Phenotypic Plasticity

Rosa Vescio, Roberta Caridi, Francesca Laudani, Vincenzo Palmeri, Lucia Zappalà, Maurizio Badiani, Agostino Sorgonà

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: within-plant phenotypic plasticity; combined stresses; additive, antagonistic and synergic effects; VOC

Online: 9 October 2022 (03:56:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0048.v1

Phytomanagement of a Lead Polluted Shooting Range Using an Aromatic Plant Species and Its Effects on the Rhizosphere BacteRial Diversity and Essential Oil Production

Anabel Saran, Lucia Fernandez, Yanela Latini, Monica Bellozas Reinhard, Marisol Minig, Sofie Thijs, Jaco Vangronsveld, Luciano Merini

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Lead; Field trial; Phytostabilization; Phytomanagement; Aromatic plants; Bacterial community

Online: 5 October 2022 (17:51:14 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0301.v1

Genome-Wide Association Mapping of Resistance to Warrior (-) Yellow Rust Race at the Seedling Stage in Current Central and Northern European Winter Wheat Germplasm

Fahimeh Shahinnia, Volker Mohler, Lorenz Hartl

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Warrior (-) race; stripe rust; GWAS; Yr29/Lr46 gene; European wheat; SNP marker

Online: 20 September 2022 (09:58:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0272.v1

Effects of Pruning Frequency on Biomass Productivity, Nonstructural Carbohydrates and Nitrogen Fixation Rates of Sesbania Sesban

Thabo Irvin Makhubedu, Brigid A. Letty, Paramu L. Mafongoya, Peter F. Scogings

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Pruning frequency; Sesbania sesban; 15N Natural abundance; N2 fixation; Ndfa

Online: 19 September 2022 (09:34:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0191.v1

An In-vitro Study into the Inhibitory Effects of Etlingera elatior Flower Oil on Acinetobacter baumannii Biofilms

Thahiya Naushad, Irfan Türetgen, Sajna Salim, Shiburaj Sugathan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Acinetobacter baumannii; Etlingera elatior; antibiofilm activity; essential oil

Online: 14 September 2022 (04:37:05 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0152.v1

A Synoptic Review of Plant Disease Epidemics and Outbreaks Published in 2021

Mike Jeger, Hannah Fielder, Tim Beale, Anna Szyniszewska, Stephen Parnell, Nik Cunniffe

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Plant disease epidemics

Online: 13 September 2022 (02:33:37 CEST)

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A synoptic review of plant disease epidemics and outbreaks was made using two complementary approaches. The first approach involved reviewing scientific literature published in 2021, in which quantitative data related to new plant disease epidemics or outbreaks had been obtained via surveys or similar methodologies. The second approach involved retrieving new pest presence records added to the CABI Distribution Database in 2021. The literature review for the first approach had two stages. Stage 1 aimed to identify publications on plant diseases caused by pathogen taxonomic groups and led to retrieval of 99 core articles describing studies in 62 categories (pathogen species or species complexes) across more than 40 host species in 6 continents. In Stage 2, the core articles were augmented with further articles providing more context and information for the pathogen species identified in Stage 1. When both sets of articles were combined, the pathogen species with more than 5 articles were: Bursephalenchus xylophilus, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, cassava mosaic viruses, citrus tristeza virus, Erwinia amylovora, Fusarium spp. complexes, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp cubense, Magnaporthe oryzae, maize lethal necrosis co-infecting viruses, Meloidogyne spp. complexes, Pseudomonas syringae pvs, Puccinia striiformis f.sp tritici, Xylella fastidiosa, and Zymoseptoria tritici. The automated search of the CABI Distribution Database led to 617 new distribution records from 283 plant pathogens in 2021 and was followed by manual review of all pathogens with more than 4 new records, to identify confirmed first reports in a new location. A total of 15 pathogens was identified: apple hammerhead viroid, apple rubbery wood viruses, Aphelenchoides besseyi, Biscogniauxia mediterranea, Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus, citrus tristeza virus, Colletotrichum siamense, cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus, Erwinia rhapontici, Erysiphe corylacearum, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense Tropical Race 4, Globodera rostochiensis, Nothophoma quercina, potato spindle tuber viroid, and tomato brown rugose fruit virus. Although 3 very important pathogens – Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus, citrus tristeza virus and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp cubense – were represented in the results of both approaches, in general the two approaches revealed distinct sets of plant disease outbreaks and new records, with little overlap in the results.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0511.v1

Phytochemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. against Agricultural and Foodborne Pathogens

Maha A. Alshiekheid, Yheni Dwiningsih, Amal Abdullah Sabour, Jawaher Alkahtani

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.; essential oils; microencapsulated products; antibacterial activity; agricultural pathogens; foodborne pathogens; gram-positive bacteria; gram-negative bacteria

Online: 30 August 2022 (07:02:54 CEST)

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Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. is a powerful medicinal plant that has been used as traditional medicine to cure respiratory problems, pain, and inflammation in China, Indonesia, Thailand and other Asian countries by using the crude extracts. The objective of this research is to identify phytochemical composition of Z. cassumunar Roxb. and to analyze antibacterial activity of crude extract, purified compounds, and their microencapsulated products of Rhizome Z. cassumunar Roxb. Identification of phytochemical composition in crude extract of rhizome Z. cassumunar Roxb. was achieved by chromatography-mass spectrophotometer. The major phytochemical composition in crude extract of Z. cassumunar Roxb. is essential oils, including terpinen4-ol (37.7%), β-pinene (20.8%), and (E)-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)but-1-ene (13.3%). Crude extract of Z. cassumunar Roxb. was purified with silica gel flash column chromatography, resulting two purified compounds. The antibacterial activity of crude extract, purified compounds, and their microencapsulated products of Rhizome Z. cassumunar Roxb. were evaluated against agricultural and foodborne pathogens by using disc agar diffusion and broth microdilution techniques. All of the samples studied (crude extracts, purified compounds, and microencapsulated of Z. cassumunar Roxb.) were effective against all the bacteria. Based on the results of the disc-diffusion assay suggested that amongst the samples studied, purified compounds (compound 1 and 2) and microencapsulated purified compounds (compound 1 and 2) exhibited more effective against all the bacteria compared to the crude extracts. Antibacterial activity of the rhizome of Z. cassumunar Roxb. was contributed mainly by the essential oils components as the active compounds. Gram-negative bacteria (X. oryzae, X. translucens, Pseudomonas spp, E. coli, and S. typhimurium) appeared to the most resistant to the crude extracts, purified compounds, and microencapsulated of Z. cassumunar Roxb. compared to the gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus, B. cereus, and L. monocytogenes). Microencapsulated of the tested samples (crude extract, purified compound 1, and purified compound 2) of the rhizome Z. cassumunar Roxb. exhibited high antibacterial activity with no significantly different with the tested samples without microencapsulation. These results suggest potential antibacterial properties of Z. cassumunar Roxb., which useful for agricultural plant health, food preservation, natural therapies, and pharmaceuticals.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0414.v1

Ethnobotany in Iturbide, Nuevo León: The Traditional Knowledge on Plants Used in the Semiarid Mountains of Northeastern Mexico

Eduardo Estrada-Castillón, José Ángel Villarreal-Quintanilla, Luis Gerardo Cuéllar-Rodríguez, Martí March-Salas, Juan Antonio Encina-Domínguez, Wibke Himmeslbach, María Magdalena Salinas-Rodríguez, Jacqueline Guerra, Mauricio Cotera-Correa, Laura Magdalena Scott-Morales, Rebecca Jane Friesen, Patricio Garza-Zambrano, José Ramón Arévalo-Sierra, Homero Garate-Escamilla, Maritza Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez, Tania Vianney Gutiérrez-Santillán

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: ethnobotanical indices; ethnobotanical uses; native and exotic species; local community; semi-structured interviews; natural resources in mountains areas; traditional knowledge and manage-ment; ornamental plants

Online: 24 August 2022 (05:51:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0321.v1

Effects of Exogenous 5-Aminolevulinic Acid on the Biosynthetic and Recycling Metabolism of GSH in Loquat Leaves under Low-Temperature Stress

Ti Wu, Shiwei Ma, Shoukai Lin, Minlan Wu, Jincheng Wu, Huaqin He

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: 5-aminolevulinic acid; loquat; low-temperature stress; glutathione

Online: 17 August 2022 (10:33:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0315.v1

MYB Transcription Factor Family in Pearl Millet: Genome-Wide Identification, Evolutionary Progression and Expression Analysis Under Abiotic Stress and Phytohormone Treatments

Jeky Chanwala, Badrinath Khadanga, Deepak Kumar Jha, I. Sriram Sandeep, Nrisingha Dey

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Transcription Factors; Evolutionary progression; Pearl millet; Phytohormones; Abiotic stress

Online: 17 August 2022 (09:50:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0302.v1

Membrane Localized Gbtmem214s Participate in Modulating Cotton Resistance to Verticillium Wilt

Jun Zhao, Jianwen Xu, Yueping Wang, Jianguang Liu, Chengguang Dong, Liang Zhao, Nijiang Ai, Zhenzhen Xu, Qi Guo, Guoli Feng, Peng Xu, Junling Cheng, Xin Wang, Juan Wang, Songhua Xiao

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Verticillium wilt; cotton; transmembrane protein; resistance; plant immunity

Online: 17 August 2022 (05:28:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0175.v1

Ethnobotany Survey of Plants used as Biopesticides by Indigenous People of Plateau State, Nigeria

Ahmed Ali, Lydia Doosuur Ior, Goni Abraham Dogo, John Israila Joshua, John Stephen Gushit

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: biopesticides, ethnobotany; survey; indigenous people; Nigeria

Online: 9 August 2022 (06:11:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0026.v1

Stochastic Inoculum, Biotic Filtering and Species Specific Transmission Shape the Rare Microbiome of Plants

David Johnston-Monje, Janneth P. Gutiérrez, Luis Augusto Becerra Lopez-Lavalle

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: rhizosphere; phyllosphere; endophyte; plant microbiome; plant mycobiome; rare microbiome; fungi; bacteria; microbes; soil microbiology; inoculum; microbial ecology

Online: 1 August 2022 (15:22:30 CEST)

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A plant’s health and productivity is influenced by its associated microbes. Although the common microbiome is often thought to be the most influential, significant numbers of rare or uncommon microbes (eg. specialized endosymbionts) may also play an important role in the health and productivity of certain plants in certain environments. To help identify rare/specialized bacteria and fungi in the most important angiosperm plants, we contrasted microbiomes of the shoots, roots and rhizospheres of Arabidopsis, Brachypodium, maize, wheat, sugarcane, rice, tomato, coffee, common bean, cassava, soybean, switchgrass, sunflower, Brachiaria, barley, sorghum, and pea. Plants were grown inside sealed jars on sterile sand or field soil. About 95% and 86% of fungal and bacterial diversity inside plants was uncommon, however judging by read abundance, up to half of the mycobiome consists of uncommon fungal cells, while less than 11% of bacterial endophytes are rare. Uncommon seed transmitted microbiomes consisted mostly of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteriodetes, Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes that most heavily colonized shoots, to a lesser extent roots and least of all rhizospheres. Soil served as a more diverse source of rare microbes than seeds, replacing or excluding the majority of the uncommon seed transmitted microbiome. With the rarest microbes, their colonization pattern could either be the result of stringent biotic filtering by most plants, or uneven/stochastic inoculum distribution in seeds or soil. Several strong plant-microbe associations were observed such as seed transmission to shoots, roots and/or rhizospheres of Sarocladium zeae (maize), Penicillium (pea and Phaseolus), and Curvularia (sugarcane), while robust bacterial colonization from cassava field soil occurred with the cyanobacteria Leptolyngbya into Arabidopsis and Panicum roots, and Streptomyces into cassava roots. Some abundant microbes such as Sakaguchia in rice shoots or Vermispora in Arabidopsis roots appeared in no other samples, suggesting they were infrequent, stochastically deposited propagules from either soil or seed (impossible to know based on the available data). Future experiments with culturing and cross inoculation of these microbes between plants may help us better understand host preferences and their role in plant productivity, perhaps leading to their use in crop microbiome engineering and enhancement of agricultural production.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0404.v1

Genome Editing for Sustainable Crop Improvement and Mitigation of Biotic and Abiotic Stresses

Mohd Fadhli Hamdan, Chou Khai Soong Karlson, Ee Yang Teoh, Su-Ee Lau, Boon Chin Tan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Abiotic stress; biotic stress; biotechnology; climate change; CRISPR; crop improvement; genome editing

Online: 26 July 2022 (10:44:22 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0387.v1

Artocarpus Camansi Blanco: A Review on Its Traditional Use, Nutritional Value, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology

Patrick Joel Bicaldo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Artocarpus; Artocarpus camansi; kamansi; phytochemistry; pharmacology; secondary metabolites

Online: 26 July 2022 (05:52:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0334.v1

Computational Biology and Machine Learning Approaches to Identify the Rubber Tree (Hevea brasiliensis L.) Genome Encoded Potential MicroRNAs Targeting Rubber Tree Virus 1

Muhammad Aleem Ashraf, Hafiza Kashaf Tariq, Jallat Khan, Han Cheng

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Rubber tree capillovirus 1; microRNAs; plant-virus interaction; RNAi: computational algorithms; gene silencing, minimum free energy

Online: 22 July 2022 (09:52:38 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0309.v1

The Role of E3 Ubiquitin Ligases in Chloroplast Function

Katherine A Hand, Nitzan Shabek

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: ubiquitin; E3 ligase; chloroplast; stress; photosynthesis; homeostasis; enzymes

Online: 21 July 2022 (03:20:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0293.v1

Nutrients Composition Changes in Leaves of Quercus leucotrichophora from Different Seasons and Altitudes in the North-West Himalaya

Shalini Sharma, Sunil Puri

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: altitudinal variation; nutrient composition; Quercus leucotrichophora; seasonal variation

Online: 20 July 2022 (05:12:55 CEST)

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Biology and Life Sciences