Submitted:
01 January 2026
Posted:
16 January 2026
You are already at the latest version
Abstract
Battery Thermal Management Systems (BTMS) are critical for maintaining optimal operating temperatures (20-40°C) in lithium-ion batteries, particularly for electric vehicles (EVs) and grid-scale energy storage [1,2]. Phase Change Materials (PCMs) have emerged as a transformative solution, leveraging latent heat absorption/release during phase transitions to provide passive thermal regulation [3]. This review systematically evaluates inorganic (salt hydrates), organic (paraffins, fatty acids), and composite PCMs, analyzing their thermophysical properties, performance characteristics, and implementation challenges in BTMS applications [4,5]. Key findings reveal that advanced composite PCMs with thermal conductivity enhancers (graphene, metal foams) can achieve 3-5× improvement in heat dissipation while maintaining >90% of base latent heat capacity [6,7]. The paper concludes with actionable recommendations for next-generation PCM development and integration strategies.
Keywords:
phase change materials
; battery thermal management
; thermal energy storage
; hybrid cooling
; nanocomposites
Copyright: This open access article is published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, which permit the free download, distribution, and reuse, provided that the author and preprint are cited in any reuse.
