Search Subject Areas | Preprints.org

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1823.v1

High Prevalence of Polyclonal Plasmodium falciparum Infections and Association with Low Adaptive Immune Responses in a Hyper-Endemic Area in Cameroon

Marie Florence A Bite Biabi, Balotin Fogang, Estelle Essangui, Franklin Maloba, Christiane Donkeu, Rodrigue Keumoe, Glwadys Cheteug, Nina Magoudjou, Celine Slam, Sylvie Kemleu, Noella Efange, Ronald Perraut, Sandrine Eveline Nsango, Carole Else Eboumbou Moukoko, Assam A. Jean-Paul, Xavier François ETOA, Tracey J Lamb, Lawrence Ayong

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Parasitology Keywords: Plasmodium falciparum; polyclonal infection; adaptive immune responses

Online: 26 May 2023 (03:12:17 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Malaria remains a major public health problem worldwide, with eradication efforts thwarted by drug and insecticide resistance and the lack of a broadly effective malaria vaccine. In continuously exposed communities, polyclonal infections are thought to reduce the risk of severe disease and promote the establishment of asymptomatic infections. We sought to investigate the relationship between the complexity of P. falciparum infection and underlying host adaptive immune responses in an area with high prevalence of asymptomatic parasitaemia in Cameroon. A cross-sectional study of 353 individuals aged 2 to 86 years (median age = 16 years) was conducted in five villages in the Centre Region of Cameroon. Plasmodium falciparum infection was detected by multiplex nested PCR in 316 samples, of which 278 were successfully genotyped. Of these, 60.1% (167/278) were polyclonal infections, the majority (80.2%) of which were from asymptomatic carriers. Host-parasite factors associated with polyclonal infection in the study population included peripheral blood parasite density, participant age and village of residence. The number of parasite clones per infected sample increased significantly with parasite density (r = 0.3912, p<0.0001) but decreased with participant age (r = -0.4860, p<0.0001). Parasitaemia and number of clones per sample correlated negatively with total plasma levels of IgG antibodies to three highly reactive P. falciparum antigens (MSP-1p19, MSP-3 and EBA175) and two soluble antigen extracts (merozoite and mixed stage antigens). Surprisingly, we observed no association between the frequency of polyclonal infection and susceptibility to clinical disease as assessed by the recent occurrence of malarial symptoms or duration since the previous fever episode. Overall, the data indicate that in areas with high perennial transmission of P. falciparum, parasite polyclonality is dependent on underlying host adaptive immune responses, with the majority of polyclonal infections occurring in persons with low levels of protective anti-plasmodial antibodies.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1562.v1

Acaricide Resistance Development in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) Microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) Populations against Amitraz and Deltamethrin on Communal Farms of the King Sabata Dalindyebo Municipality, South Africa

William Diymba Dzemo, Patrick Vudriko, Tsepo Ramatla, Oriel Thekisoe

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Parasitology Keywords: cattle tick; resistance development; communal farming; acaricide; Rhipicephalus microplus; amitraz; deltamethrin

Online: 23 May 2023 (04:27:13 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0795.v1

Conservation Agriculture Has No Significant Impact on Sheep Digestive Parasitism

Sihem ElHamdi, Limam Sassi, Mourad Rekik, Mokhtar Dhehibi, Hatem Cheikh Mhamed, Mohamed Gharbi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Parasitology Keywords: Conventional agriculture; conservation agriculture; digestive parasites; sheep; Tunisia.

Online: 11 May 2023 (05:19:15 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.1234.v1

Morphologic and Genetic Characterization of Protospirura Canariensis N. Sp. (Nematoda, Spiruridae), a Parasite of the Black Rat Rattus rattus (Rodentia, Muridae) from El Hierro Island (Canary Archipelago, Spain) †

Jordi Miquel, Natalia Martín-Carrillo, Alexis Ribas, Santiago Sánchez-Vicente, Carlos Feliu, Pilar Foronda

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Parasitology Keywords: Protospirura canariensis n. sp.; Spiruridae; Nematoda; Rattus rattus; Muridae; Canary Islands

Online: 29 April 2023 (10:06:17 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.1104.v1

Molecular Detection and Phylogenetic Analyses of Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. In Livestock in Bangladesh

Uday Kumar Mohanta, Boniface Chikufenji, Eloiza May Galon, Shengwei Ji, Zhuowei Ma, Shimaa Abd El‒Salam El‒Sayed, Aaron Edmond Ringo, Thanh Thom Do, Xuenan Xuan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Parasitology Keywords: Babesia spp.; Theileria spp.; molecular detection; phylogeny; Livestock; Bangladesh

Online: 28 April 2023 (04:19:13 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.1024.v1

Insights into the Genetic Diversity of Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis in Panama Inferred by Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST)

Daniel Mendieta, Vanessa Vásquez, Luis Angel Jaén, Vanessa Pineda, Azael Saldaña, José Eduardo Calzada, Franklyn Samudio

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Parasitology Keywords: tegumentary leishmaniasis; Leishmania panamensis; multilocus typing, diploid sequence type, Panama

Online: 27 April 2023 (04:04:59 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0903.v1

Leishmaniasis: Immune Cells Crosstalk in Macrophage Polarization

Fernanda Silva Almeida, Shayenne Eduarda Ramos Vanderley, Fernando Cézar Comberlang, Arthur Gomes de Andrade, Luiz Henrique Agra Cavalcante-Silva, Edson dos Santos Silva, Pedro Henrique de Sousa Palmeira, Ian P.G. do Amaral, Tatjana S. L. Keesen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Parasitology Keywords: leishmaniasis; immune response; macrophage phenotype

Online: 25 April 2023 (08:36:54 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0744.v1

The Role of Ascorbate-Glutathione System and Volatiles Emitted by Insect-Damaged Lettuce Roots As Navigation Signals for Insect and Slug Parasitic Nematodes

Žiga Laznik, Mitja Križman, Jure Zekič, Mihaela Roškarič, Stanislav Trdan, Andreja Urbanek Krajnc

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Parasitology Keywords: lettuce; wireworms; ascorbate-glutathione system; root volatile organic compounds; entomopathogenic nematodes; slug parasitic nematodes

Online: 23 April 2023 (03:35:32 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0651.v1

Olive Mill Wastewater Extract as a Potential Mosquito Larvicide

Alon Silberbush, Maram Halabi, Nimrod Shteindel, Yoram Gerchman, Hassan Azaizeh, Ben Shahar, Eyal Kurzbaum

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Parasitology Keywords: Olive mill waste water; Culex laticinctus; Aedes albopictus; larvicide; Sub-lethal concentrations

Online: 20 April 2023 (10:34:12 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0047.v1

In the Dawn of an Early Invasion: No Genetic Diversity of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Ecuador?

Luis Fernando Solórzano-Álava, César Humberto Bedoya-Pilozo, Hilda Hernández-Álvarez, Lázara Rojas-Rivero, Misladys Rodríguez-Ortega, Jorge Fraga-Nodarse, Leandro de Mattos Pereira, Raquel de Oliveira Simões, Roberto do Val Vilela

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Parasitology Keywords: Invasive species; eosinophilic meningoencephalitis; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I

Online: 4 April 2023 (14:31:38 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0210.v1

A Survey of Waterborne Parasites in Queen Elizabeth Protected Area, Uganda

Celsus Sente, Howard Onyuth, Andrew Tamale, Bob Mali, Benigna Gabriela Namara, Jacob Gizamba Mugoya, Andrew Rwot Omara, Peregrine Sebulime, Ocaido Michael

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Parasitology Keywords: Waterborne; parasites; Queen Elizabeth; Uganda

Online: 13 March 2023 (03:47:30 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0192.v1

A Review of Major Patents on Potential Malaria Vaccine Targets, Including Antigens from Different Stages of The Parasite Cycle

Reysla Maria da Silveira Mariano, Ana Alice Maia Gonçalves, Diana Souza de Oliveira, Helen Silva Ribeiro, Diogo Fonseca Soares Pereira, Ingrid Soares Santos, Daniel Ferreira Lair, Augusto Ventura da Silva, Alexsandro Sobreira Galdino, Miguel A Chávez-Fumagalli, Denise da Silveira-Lemos, Walderez Ornelas Dutra, Rodolfo Cordeiro Giunchetti

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Parasitology Keywords: malaria vaccine, patents, stage of development.; transmission-blocking vaccines

Online: 11 January 2023 (03:08:51 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0095.v1

Checklist of Helminth Parasites and Epizoites in Common Dolphins from Coastal Peru and Ecuador

Joanna Alfaro-Shigueto, Koen Van Waerebeek, Julio C. Reyes, Marie-Francoise Van Bressem, Jorge Samaniego, Fernando Félix, Natalia Fraija-Fernández

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Parasitology Keywords: helminths; parasitology; Delphinus; common dolphins; Southeast Pacific Ocean; Peru; Ecuador

Online: 8 October 2022 (05:39:56 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0145.v1

Interspecies and Intrastrain Interplay Among Leishmania spp. Parasites

Bruna Dias Das Chagas, Thaís Martins Pereira, Lilian Motta Cantanhêde, Gabriela Pereira Da Silva, Mariana Côrtes Boité, Luiza de Oliveira Ramos Pereira, Elisa Cupolillo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Parasitology Keywords: Leishmania; co-infections; mixed infections; co-culture; hybrid; intercellular communication

Online: 8 August 2022 (10:20:49 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0025.v1

First Molecular Identification of Bulinus africanus in Lake Malawi Implicated in Transmitting Schistosoma Parasites

Mohammad Alharbi, Cynthia Iravoga, Sekeleghe A. Kayuni1, E. James LaCourse, Peter Makaula, J. Russell Stothard

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Parasitology Keywords: Bulinus; Schistosoma haematobium; urogenital schistosomiasis

Online: 1 July 2022 (17:58:08 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0355.v1

Metabolic Pathways of Leishmania Parasite: Source of Pertinent Drug Targets and Potent Drug Candidates

Surbhi Jain, Utkarsha Sahu, Awanish Kumar, Prashant Khare

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Parasitology Keywords: Leishmania; Human Pathogen; Targeting Metabolic Pathways; Repurposed Drugs; New Antileishmanials.

Online: 27 June 2022 (08:47:01 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0555.v1

Molecular Characterization of a Functional Membrane-Associated Progesterone Receptor Component 2 (PGRMC-2) in Maturing Oocytes of the Human Parasite Nematode Trichinella spiralis: Implications to the Host-Parasite Relationship

Jorge Morales-Montor, Álvaro Colin-Oviedo, Gloria María. González-González, José Prisco Palma-Nicolás, Alejandro Sánchez-González, Karen Elizabeth Nava-Castro, Lenin Dominguez-Ramirez, Martín García-Varela, Víctor Hugo Del Río-Araiza, Romel Hernández-Bello

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Parasitology Keywords: Trichinella spiralis; muscle larvae; sex steroids receptors; oocytes; helminth; PGRMC; progesterone

Online: 26 July 2021 (09:08:31 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0397.v1

Contrasting Host-parasite Population Structure and Role of Host Specificity: Morphology and Mitogenomics of a Parasitic Flatworm on Pelagic Deepwater Cichlid Fishes from Lake Tanganyika

Nikol Kmentová, Christoph Hahn, Stephan Koblmüller, Holger Zimmermann, Jiří Vorel, Tom Artois, Milan Gelnar, Maarten Vanhove

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Parasitology Keywords: Monogenea; Bathybatini; cox1; PoolSeq

Online: 15 June 2021 (11:23:33 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0348.v1

3-Methoxycarpachromene and Masticadienonic Acid as New Target Inhibitors from Pistacia atlantica Leaves against Trypanothione Reductase of Leishmania Parasites: In Vitro and In Silico Studies

Saarra Maamri, Khedidja Benarous, Mohamed Yousfi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Parasitology Keywords: Pistacia atlantica leaves; L. infantum; L. major; promastigote; antileishmanial; Masticadienonic acid, 3-Methoxycarpachromene; molecular docking.

Online: 14 May 2021 (15:36:40 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0680.v1

Upstream Open Reading Frames (uORFs) in the Apicomplexan Parasites Plasmodium falciparum and Toxoplasma gondii: Small yet Powerful Regulators of Translation

Chhaminder Kaur, Swati Patankar

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Parasitology Keywords: P. falciparum; T. gondii; upstream ORFs; translational regulation

Online: 26 April 2021 (15:11:40 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0527.v1

Dehydroepiandrosterone Effect on Toxoplasma gondii: Molecular Mechanisms Associated to Parasite Death

Jorge Morales-Montor

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Parasitology Keywords: Toxoplasmosis; Toxoplasma gondii; tachyzoite; antiparasitic effect; dehydroepiandrosterone; DHEA; proteomic profile; protection

Online: 23 February 2021 (15:55:27 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0151.v1

Intestinal Schistosomiasis and Giardiasis Co-Infection in Sub-Saharan Africa: Can a One Health Approach Improve Control of Each Waterborne Parasite Simultaneously?

John Archer, Lisa O'Halloran, Hajri Al-Shehri, Shannan Summers, Tapan Bhattacharyya, Narcis Kabaterine, Aaron Atuhaire, Moses Adriko, Moses Arianaitwe, Martyn Stewart, James LaCourse, Bonnie Webster, Amaya Bustinduy, Russell Stothard

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Parasitology Keywords: One Health; Schistosoma mansoni; Giardia duodenalis; Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH); Uganda

Online: 8 July 2020 (11:32:56 CEST)

Show abstract| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0138.v1

Honey Bee Survival Mechanisms Against the Parasite Varroa destructor: A Systematic Review of Phenotypic and Genomic Research Efforts

Fanny Mondet, Alexis Beaurepaire, Alison McAfee, Barbara Locke, Cedric Alaux, Solene Blanchard, Bob Danka, Yves Le Conte

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Parasitology Keywords: host resistance; tolerance; honey bee; Varroa destructor; marker assisted selection; host-parasite interactions

Online: 9 April 2020 (06:06:11 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0374.v2

Varroa destructor: A Complex Parasite, Crippling Honey bees Worldwide

Kirsten Traynor, Fanny Mondet, Jaochim R. de Miranda, Maeva Techer, Vienna Kowallik, Melissa Oddie, Panuwan Chantawannakul, Alison McAfee

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Parasitology Keywords: Host-parasite; honey bee; varroa; virus; mite control

Online: 2 April 2020 (12:16:16 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0374.v1

Varroa destructor: A Complex Parasite, Crippling Honeybees Worldwide

Kirsten Traynor, Fanny Mondet, Jaochim de Miranda, Maeva Techer, Vienna Kowallik, Melissa Oddie, Panuwan Chantawannakul, Alison McAfee

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Parasitology Keywords: Host-parasite; honey bee; varroa; virus; mite control

Online: 25 February 2020 (11:42:51 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0325.v1

Noninvasive Biological Samples to Detect and Diagnose Infections due to Trypanosomatidae Parasites: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Denis Sereno, Mohammad Akhoundi, Kourosh Sayehmri, Asad Mizraei, Philippe Holzmuller, Veerle Lejon, Etienne Waleckx

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Parasitology Keywords: Leishmaniases; Chagas disease; Human African Trypanosomiasis; Animal trypanosomiasis; Diagnosis; non-invasive; Meta-analysis; Vector Born diseases; Neglected tropical disease; Diagnosis

Online: 23 February 2020 (13:44:05 CET)

Show abstract| Supplementary Files| Share

Unicellular eukaryotes of the Trypanosomatidae family include human and animal pathogens that belong to the Trypanosoma and Leishmania genera. Diagnosis of the diseases they caused requires the sampling of body fluids (blood, lymph, peritoneal fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, etc.) or organ biopsies (bone marrow, spleen, etc.), which are mostly obtained through invasive methods. Body fluids or appendages can be alternatives to these invasive biopsies but appropriateness remains poorly studied. To further address this question, we perform a systematic review on clues evidencing the presence of parasites, genetic material, antibodies, and antigens in body secretions, appendages, or the organs or proximal tissues that produce these materials. Paper selection was based on searches in PubMed, Web of Science, WorldWideScience, SciELO, Embase, Google. The information of each selected article (n=333) was classified into different sections and data were extracted from 77 papers. The presence of Trypanosomatidae parasites has been tracked in most of organs or proximal tissues that produce body secretions or appendages, in naturally or experimentally infected hosts. The meta-analysis highlights the paucity of studies on Human African Trypanosomiasis and a the absence on animal Trypanosomiasis. Among the collected data high heterogeneity in terms of the I² statistic (100%) is recorded. A high positivity is recorded for antibody and genetic material detection in urine of patients and dogs suffering leishmaniasis, and of antigen for leishmaniasis and Chagas disease. Data on conjunctival swab can be analyzed with molecular methods solely for dogs suffering canine visceral leishmaniasis. Saliva and hair/bristle showed a pretty good positivity that support their potential to be used for leishmaniasis diagnosis. In conclusion, our study pinpoints significant gaps that need to be filled in order to properly address the interest of body secretion and hair or bristle for the diagnosis of infections caused by Leishmania and by other Trypanosomatidae parasites.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201906.0066.v1

Parasites and Fungi Characteristics on Short Finned Eel Anguilla marmorata in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

Amrullah Amrullah, Eka Rosyida, Ardiansyah Ardiansyah, Hartinah Hartinah, Wahidah Wahidah

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Parasitology Keywords: parasite, fungi, finned eel, Anguilla marmorata, Central Sulawesi

Online: 7 June 2019 (15:52:41 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0508.v1

Muller’s Ratchet and Ribosome Degeneration in the Obligate Intracellular Parasites Microsporidia

Sergey Melnikov, Kasidet Manakongtreecheep, Keith Rivera, Arthur Makarenko, Darryl Pappin, Dieter Söll

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Parasitology Keywords: Muller's ratchet; genome decay; ribosome; protein synthesis, rudiment

Online: 20 November 2018 (16:30:43 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0348.v1

Poisson-Gamma Mixture Spatially Varying Coefficient Modeling of Small-Area Intestinal Parasites Infection

Frank Badu Osei, Alfred Stein, Anthony Ofosu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Parasitology Keywords: intestinal parasites; spatio-temporal; Poisson-gamma; Bayesian; Integrated Nested Laplace Approximations

Online: 15 November 2018 (06:10:13 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0270.v1

Influence of Elytral Colour Pattern, Size, and Sex of Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) on Parasite Prevalence and Intensity of Hesperomyces virescens (Ascomycota, Laboulbeniales)

Danny Haelewaters, Thomas Hiller, Michał Gorczak, Donald H. Pfister

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Parasitology Keywords: biotrophic interactions; invasive species; colour polymorphism; harlequin ladybird; harmonine

Online: 21 May 2018 (11:41:07 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Biology and Life Sciences