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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0503.v1

Experimental Investigation of the Novel Periodic Feed Pressure Technique in Minimizing Fouling during the Filtration of Oily Water Systems using Ceramic Membranes

Mohamed Echakouri, Amgad Salama, Amr Henni

Subject: Engineering, Industrial And Manufacturing Engineering Keywords: oily wastewater; ceramic membrane; fouling mitigation; fouling resistance; periodic feed pressure technique

Online: 30 August 2022 (04:01:08 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0320.v1

Inherent Bias of SARS-CoV-2 RNA Quantification for Wastewater Surveillance Due to Variable RT-qPCR Assay Parameters

Aaron Bivins, Devrim Kaya, Kyle Bibby, Stuart Simpson, Stephen Bustin, Orin Shanks, Warish Ahmed

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Water Science And Technology Keywords: RT-qPCR; assay validity; standard curve; quality assurance; quality control; wastewater surveillance

Online: 11 June 2021 (14:10:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0709.v1

2-D Modeling to Understand the Design Configuration and Flow Dynamics of Pond-in-Pond (Pip) Wastewater Treatment System for Reuse

Kushal Adhikari, Clifford Fedler, Alireza Asadi

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: wastewater reuse; irrigation; sustainability; pond-in-pond; pond configuration; 2-D modeling

Online: 27 April 2021 (12:28:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0441.v2

Collect and Treat Urban Wastewater to Fight the Pandemic Disease of COVID-19 Effectively

Abdol Aziz Shahraki

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: coronavirus; wastewater treatment techniques; mathematical model; statistical procedures; bacterial reactors, anaerobic ponds

Online: 8 January 2021 (13:22:36 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0816.v1

Efficacy of Natural Wetlands along Wadi Zomer as a Sustainable Phytoremediation Alternative for Industrial Effluents from Nablus West, Palestine

Odai Attili, Rashed Al-Sa'ed

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: heavy metals; industrial wastewater; natural wetlands; phytoremediation; Wadi Zomer restoration; water quality

Online: 31 December 2020 (13:46:33 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201906.0233.v1

Photocatalytic Degradation of Azo Dye Reactive Violet 5 on Fe-Doped Titania Catalysts under Visible Light Irradiation

Antonio Zuorro, Roberto Lavecchia, Marika Michela Monaco, Giuseppina Iervolino, Vincenzo Vaiano

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: photocatalysis; visible light; titania catalysts; azo dye; reactive violet 5; textile wastewater

Online: 24 June 2019 (08:47:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0154.v1

Computational Fluid Dynamic Modelling and Optimisation of Wastewater Treatment Plant Bioreactor Mixer

Andrew Elshaw, N. M. S. Hassan, M. M. K. Khan

Subject: Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Keywords: wastewater treatment; computational fluid dynamics; hydrodynamic performance; specific power dissipation; anoxic zone

Online: 7 November 2018 (09:23:28 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0093.v1

The Effect of Membrane Material and Surface Pore Size on the Fouling Properties of Submerged Membranes

Sungil Jeon, Saeid Rajabzadeh, Ryo Okamura, Toru Ishigami, Susumu Hasegawa, Noriaki Kato, Hideto Matsuyama

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: membrane bioreactor (MBR); membrane fouling; hollow fiber membrane; hydrophilicity; hydrophobicity; wastewater treatment

Online: 18 December 2016 (10:04:27 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0192.v1

Correlating Quantitative and Genomic SARS-CoV-2 Wastewater Data with Clinical Metrics in Metropolitan Perth, Western Australia

Jake Gazeley, Terence Lee, Daniel R Knight, Alexander Shivarev, Cameron Gordon, David Speers, Dylan D Barth, Jelena Maticevic, Meredith Hodge, Paul Armstrong, Paul Knight, Sandra Sjollema, Avram Levy

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Wastewater-based epidemiology; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; surveillance system; correlation analysis; genomics

Online: 5 March 2024 (09:07:35 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0240.v1

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Wastewater Associated with Scientific Stations in Antarctica and Possible Risk for Wildlife

Marcelo González-Aravena, Cristobal Galban-Malagon, Eduardo Castro-Nallar, Gonzalo P. Barriga, Victor Neira, Lucas Krüger, Aiko D. Adell, Jorge Olivares-Pacheco

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Antarctica; wastewater-based epidemiology; COVID-19; Antarctic wildlife; environmental surveillance

Online: 5 February 2024 (07:58:31 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0264.v1

NH2-MIL-125-Derived TiO2@N-Doped C Visible Light Catalyst for Wastewater Treatment

Wenbing Wang, Wei Qiang, Chuntao Chen, Dongping Sun

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Materials Science And Technology Keywords: Titanium dioxide; NH2-MIL-125; N/TiO2@C; Visible light photocatalysis; Wastewater Pollutants

Online: 5 December 2023 (14:30:41 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0326.v1

Advances in Pretreatment Methods for Free Nucleic Acid Removal in Wastewater Samples: Enhancing Accuracy in Pathogenic Detection and Future Directions

Kien A. Vu, Thu A. Nguyen, Thao P. Nguyen

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: pathogenic detection, wastewater, free nucleic acids, pretreatment methods, environmental analysis, nucleic acid removal.

Online: 6 November 2023 (08:17:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1362.v1

The Rise and Fall of Omicron BA.1 Variant as Seen in Wastewater Supports Epidemiological Model Predictions

Michal Liddor Naim, Yu Fu, Marilou Shagan, Itay Bar-Or, Robert Marks, Qun Sun, Rony Granek, Ariel Kushmaro

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Omicron; Wastewater-based epidemiology; RT-qPCR; SIR model; SIRS model

Online: 20 July 2023 (11:44:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0557.v1

Wastewater-based SARS-CoV-2 Environmental Monitoring for Piedmont, Italy

Angelo Robotto, David Lembo, Paola Quaglino, Enrico Brizio, Denis Polato, Andrea Civra, Jessica Cusato, Giovanni Di Perri

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Wastewater; treatment; plant; Environmental Virology Monitoring and Surveillance; E gene

Online: 24 May 2021 (10:35:04 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0481.v1

Minimizing Errors in RT-PCR Detection and Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA for Wastewater Surveillance

Warish Ahmed, Stuart Simpson, Paul Bertsch, Kyle Bibby, Aaron Bivins, Linda Blackall, Silvia Bofill-Mas, Albert Bosch, Joao Brandao, Phil Choi, Mark Ciesielski, Erica Donner, Nishita D'Souza, Andreas Farnleitner, Daniel Gerrity, Raul Gonzalez, John Griffith, Pradip Gyawali, Charles Haas, Kerry Hamilton, Chanditha Hapuarachchi, Valerie Harwood, Rehnuma Haque, Greg Jackson, Stuart Khan, Wesaal Khan, Masaaki Kitajima, Asja Korajkic, Giuseppina La Rosa, Blythe Layton, Erin Lipp, Sandra McLellan, Brian McMinn, Gertjan Medema, Suzanne Metcalfe, Wim Meijer, Jochen Mueller, Heather Murphy, Colleen Naughton, Rachel Noble, Sudhi Payyappat, Susan Petterson, Tarja Pitkanen, Veronica Rajal, Brandon Reyneke, Fernando Roman, Joan Rose, Marta Rusinol, Michael Sadowsky, Laura Sala-Comorera, Yin Xiang Setoh, Samendra Sherchan, Kwanrawee Sirikanchana, Wendy Smith, Joshua Steele, Rosalie Sabburg, Erin Symonds, Phong Thai, Kevin Thomas, Josh Tynan, Simon Toze, Janelle Thompson, Andy Whiteley, Judith Wong, Daisuke Sano, Stefan Wuertz, Irene Xagoraraki, Qian Zhang, Amity Zimmer-Faust, Orin Shanks

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Waste Management And Disposal Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Wastewater; Surveillance; False-positive; False-negative; RT-PCR

Online: 19 April 2021 (13:08:13 CEST)

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Wastewater surveillance for pathogens using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is an effective, resource-efficient tool for gathering additional community-level public health information, including the incidence and/or prevalence and trends of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater may provide an early-warning signal of COVID-19 infections in a community. The capacity of the world’s environmental microbiology and virology laboratories for SARS-CoV-2 RNA characterization in wastewater is rapidly increasing. However, there are no standardized protocols nor harmonized quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) procedures for SARS-CoV-2 wastewater surveillance. This paper is a technical review of factors that can lead to false-positive and -negative errors in the surveillance of SARS-CoV-2, culminating in recommendations and strategies that can be implemented to identify and mitigate these errors. Recommendations include, stringent QA/QC measures, representative sampling approaches, effective virus concentration and efficient RNA extraction, amplification inhibition assessment, inclusion of sample processing controls, and considerations for RT-PCR assay selection and data interpretation. Clear data interpretation guidelines (e.g., determination of positive and negative samples) are critical, particularly during a low incidence of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater. Corrective and confirmatory actions must be in place for inconclusive and/or potentially significant results (e.g., initial onset or reemergence of COVID-19 in a community). It will also be prudent to perform inter-laboratory comparisons to ensure results are reliable and interpretable for ongoing and retrospective analyses. The strategies that are recommended in this review aim to improve SARS-CoV-2 characterization for wastewater surveillance applications. A silver lining of the COVID-19 pandemic is that the efficacy of wastewater surveillance was demonstrated during this global crisis. In the future, wastewater will play an important role in the surveillance of a range of other communicable diseases.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0627.v1

New Bioadsorbent Derived from Winemaking Waste Cluster Stalks: Application to the Removal of Toxic Cr(VI) from Liquid Effluents

Lorena Alcaraz, Francisco J. Alguacil, Félix Antonio López

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry Keywords: activated carbon; winemaking waste; wastewater; Cr(VI) removal; adsorption process; Cr(VI) reduction

Online: 30 October 2020 (08:28:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0041.v1

Energy-Based Performance Analysis of a Sustainable Farming Compartment with Evaporative Cooling System

M. Sina Mousavi, Siamak Mirfendereski, Jae Sung Park, Jongwan Eun

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: ecological farming system; dynamic numerical simulation; evaporative cooling system; treated wastewater; temperature; humidity

Online: 2 May 2018 (12:56:15 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.2214.v1

The Application of Textile Materials in the Interfacial Solar Steam Generation for Water Purification and Desalination: A Review

HAROON ABDELRAHMAN MOHAMED SAEED, Veronica Valerian Kazimoto, Weilin Xu, Hongjun Yang

Subject: Engineering, Industrial And Manufacturing Engineering Keywords: interfacial solar steam generation; textile materials; wastewater purification; desalination; woven fabric; electro-spun membranes

Online: 28 December 2023 (15:59:37 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.2080.v1

Achieving Discharge Limits in Single-Stage Domestic Wastewater Treatment by Combining Urban Waste Sources and Phototrophic Mixed Cultures

Sandra Chacon-Aparicio, John Alexander Villamil, Fernando Martinez, Juan Antonio Melero, Raul Molina, Daniel Puyol

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: purple phototrophic bacteria; photo-biorefineries; domestic wastewater treatment; resource recovery; CSTR photobioreactors, Membrane photobioreactors

Online: 31 July 2023 (08:14:31 CEST)

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This work shows the potential of a new way of co-treatment of domestic wastewater (DWW) and a liquid stream coming from the thermal hydrolysis of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) mediated by a mixed culture of purple phototrophic bacteria (PPB) capable of assimilating carbon and nutrients from the medium. The biological system is an open single-step process operated under microaerophilic conditions at an oxidative reduction potential (ORP) < 0 mV with a photoperiod of 12/24 h and fed during the light Stage only, so the results can be extrapolated to outdoors open ponds operation by monitoring the ORP. The effluent mostly complies with the discharge values of the Spanish legislation in COD and P values (<125mg/L <2 mg/L), respectively, and punctually on values in N (<15mg/L). Applying an HRT of 3 d and a ratio of 100:7 (COD:N), the presence of PPB in the mixed culture surpassed 50% of 16S rRNA gene copies, removing 78% of COD, 53% of N and 66% of P. Furthermore, increasing the HRT to 5 d, removal efficiencies of 83% of COD, 65% of N and 91% of P were achieved. In addition, the reactors were further operated in a membrane bioreactor, thus separating the HRT from the SRT to increase the specific loading rate. Very satisfactory removal efficiencies were achieved by applying HRT and SRT of 2.3 and 3 d, respectively: 84% of COD, 49% of N and 93% of P despite low presence of PPB due to more oxidative conditions, which anyway step-by-step re-colonized the mixed culture until reaching >20% of 16S rRNA gene copies after 49 d of operation. These results open the door to scale up the process in open photobioreactors capable of treating urban wastewater and municipal solid waste in a single stage and under microaerophilic conditions by controlling the ORP of the system. This novel urban biorefinery allows reducing treatment costs of two urban wastes and embed them in the circular bioeconomy through water recycling and valorizing PPB biomass as a source of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1348.v1

Resilience Assessment in Urban Water Infrastructure: A Critical Review of Approaches, Strategies and Applications

Fatemeh Asghari, Farzad Piadeh, Daniel Egyir, Hossein Yousefi, Joseph P Rizzuto, Luiza C Campos, Kourosh Behzadian

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Resilience assessment; resilience strategies; urban stormwater and wastewater; urban water infrastructure; water supply systems

Online: 19 June 2023 (10:35:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0285.v1

Wastewater Based Epidemiology, Phylogenetic Analysis and Machine Learning Approach to Describe the Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in the South-East of Spain

JOSE ANTONIO FEREZ, ENRIC CUEVAS-FERNANDO, MARIA AYALA-SAN NICOLAS, PEDRO J Simón Andreu, ROMAN LOPEZ, Pilar Truchado, Gloria Sánchez, ANA ALLENDE

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Epidemiology; Wastewater-based Epidemiology; Phylogenetic Analysis; Machine Learning Approach; Molecular virology

Online: 5 May 2023 (03:31:35 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0615.v1

Application of Electrochemical Oxidation for Water and Wastewater Treatment: An Overview

Mohammad Saleh Najafinejad, Simeone Chianese, Angelo Fenti, Pasquale Iovino, Dino Musmarra

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: emerging pollutants; wastewater treatment; electrochemical oxidation; role of operational parameters; cost analysis assessment; photoelectrocatalysis

Online: 20 April 2023 (07:20:41 CEST)

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In recent years, the discharge of various emerging pollutants, chemicals and dyes in water and wastewater has represented one of the prominent human problems. Since water pollution is directly related to human health, highly resistant and emerging compounds in aquatic environments will pose many potential risks to the health of all living. Therefore, water pollution is a very acute problem that has constantly increased in recent years with the expansion of various industries. Consequently, choosing efficient and innovative wastewater treatment methods to remove contaminants is crucial. Among advanced oxidation processes, electrochemical oxidation (EO) is the most common and effective method for removing persistent pollutants from municipal and industrial wastewater. However, there are still many gaps despite the great progress in using EO to treat real wastewater. This is due to the lack of comprehensive information on the operating parameters which affect the process and its operating costs. In this paper, among various scientific articles, the impact of operational parameters on the EO performances, a comparison between different electrochemical reactor configurations, and a report on general mechanisms of electrochemical oxidation of organic pollutants have been reported. Moreover, an evaluation of cost analysis and energy consumption requirements have also been discussed. Finally, the combination process between EO and another important advanced oxidation technology, PEC, called photoelectrocatalysis (PEC), has shortly been discussed and reviewed. This article showed that there is a direct relationship between important operating parameters with the amount of costs and the final removal efficiency of emerging pollutants. Optimal operating conditions can be achieved by paying special attention to reactor design, which can lead to higher efficiency and more efficient treatment. The rapid development of EO for removing emerging pollutants from impacted water and its combination with other green methods can result in more efficient approaches to face the pressing water pollution challenge.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0257.v1

Biopolymers Recovery from Aerobic Granular Sludge Treating Industrial Wastewater: Preliminary Analysis of Different Carbon Routes for Organic Carbon Utilization

Francesco Traina, Santo Fabio Corsino, Michele Torregrossa, Gaspare Viviani

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Waste Management And Disposal Keywords: Aerobic granular sludge; Biopolymers; Circular Economy; Extracellular Polymeric Substances; Polyhydroxyalkanoates; Sewage Sludge; Wastewater Treatment.

Online: 14 December 2022 (13:59:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0432.v1

Environmental pH and Supplemental C Exert Little Impact on Shrimp, but Profound Impacts on Plants in Marine Aquaponics

Yu-Ting Chu, Yiwen Bao, Jen-Yi Huang, Hye-Ji Kim, Paul B. Brown

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: sustainable food production; pH; supplemental C; marine aquaponics; wastewater treatment; halophytic plants; Litopenaeus vannamei

Online: 23 November 2022 (04:17:35 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0213.v1

Numerical Simulation on Double-nozzle Spray Evaporation of Desulfurization Wastewater

Hong Xu, Shuqin Feng, Liehui Xiao, Yazhen Hao, Xiaoze Du

Subject: Engineering, Energy And Fuel Technology Keywords: FGD wastewater spay evaporation; atomized droplet characteristics; Least-Square support vector machine prediction model

Online: 14 October 2021 (10:40:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0777.v1

Evaluation of Advanced Chemical Oxidation Process for the Pretreatment of Mixed Agro-Food Industrial Wastewater in Nablus, Palestine

Saja Younis, Rashed Al-Sa`ed

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Advanced oxidation processes; Fenton reaction; agro-industrial wastewater; municipal by-laws; sewer connection permit

Online: 31 December 2020 (09:21:22 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0361.v1

Effect of C/N Ratio on Biodegradation of Ciprofloxacin and Denitrification from Low C/N Wastewater by a Novel 3D-BER System

Mahdi Hassan, Guangcan Zhu, Zhonglian Yang, Yongze Lu, Yan Lang, Liying Gong, Huang Shan

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Biodegradation of Ciprofloxacin; 3D-BER System; Denitrification; Microbial communities; Low C/N Wastewater treatment.

Online: 17 August 2020 (10:26:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0288.v1

A Study on the Removal of Fluorescent Whitening Agent by Pretreatment Ozone Oxidation for MBR Process Application

Dong-Hoon Shin, Jang-Seung Choi, Seung-Han Ryu, Jin-Ho Kim, Sang-Hun Lee, Won Sik Shin, Min-Soo Park, Jae-Eun Heo

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Paper, Wood And Textiles Keywords: diaminostilbene disulfonic acid; paper and paper mill; textile wastewater; fluorescent whitening agents; ozone oxidation

Online: 25 October 2019 (11:36:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201903.0021.v1

Study of White-rot Fungus Immobilization on Leather Dye Wastewater Treatment

Shan Cao, Xudong Xu, Deyi Zhu, Changhua Jiang, Tianping Yu, Yanchun Li

Subject: Engineering, Industrial And Manufacturing Engineering Keywords: White rot fungus; Co-immobilization; Dye wastewater treatment; Dye decolorisation; Acid golden yellow dye

Online: 4 March 2019 (09:04:40 CET)

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The dye effluent is usually difficult to be degraded by conventional wastewater treatment in leather industry. In order to develop efficient and cost-effective treatment methods, we evaluate the effect of white-rot fungus immobilization for dye decolorisation in this paper. The Phanerochaete chrysosporium BKM-F-1767 was used for immobilization. This research found that the white-rot fungus immobilization had an obviously decolorisation effect in dye wastewater treatment, and plant carriers such as sorghum stalk and corn cob were helpful to the growth of Phanerochaete chrysosporium in white-rot fungus immobilization. Due to the stability and recyclability, the white-rot fungus co-immobilization was considered as the most suitable treatment for decolorisation of dye effluent which enjoyed the advantages of both adsorption immobilization and entrapment immobilization. Furthermore, the dye decolorisation evaluation was carried out to find the most suitable carrier for co-immobilization, and it found that sorghum stalk - calcium-alginate gel spherical particle (SS-CGPB) has better decolorisation effect than corn cobs - calcium-alginate gel spherical particle (CC-CGPB), and the dye decolorisation rate was 86.77%. After 5 cycles, the dye decolorisation rate was 85.87% which indicated the SS-CGPB preserved functional integrity successfully. By further analyzing the biodegradation process with white-rot fungus immobilization, the intermediate products were observed and the degradation pathway of acid golden yellow dye molecular was proposed. The results showed that the C-N single bonds attached to the central benzene in the dye molecule were attacked and destroyed in white-rot fungus co-immobilization treatment, thus the structure of dye molecule could be successfully degraded into small molecules which would be more easily treated by conventional treatment methods. Therefore, the white rot fungus co-immobilization might be appropriate for pre-treatment as an important biotechnology for the advanced treatment of dye effluent.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0850.v1

Green Synthesis of Cobalt-Doped CeFe2O5 Nanocomposites Using Waste Gossypium arboreum L. Stalk and Its Application in the Removal of Toxic Water Pollutants

Saloni Koul, Mamata Singhvi, Beom Soo Kim

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Water Science And Technology Keywords: green synthesis; co-precipitation; adsorption; dye removal; pollutant removal; cotton stalk; wastewater treatment; adsorption capacity

Online: 12 April 2024 (12:22:49 CEST)

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Currently, there is a tenacious need to find new ways to purify water by eliminating bacterial biofilms, textile dyes, and toxic water pollutants. These contaminants pose significant risks to both human health and the environment. To address this issue, in this study, we have developed an eco-friendly approach that involves synthesizing Cobalt-doped Cerium Iron Oxide (CCIO) nanocomposite (NC) using an aqueous extract of Gossypium arboreum L. stalks. The resulting nanoparticles can be used to effectively purify water and tackle the challenges associated with these harmful pollutants. Nanoparticles excel in water pollutant removal by providing high surface area for efficient adsorption, versatile design for simultaneous removal of multiple contaminants, catalytic properties for organic pollutant degradation, and magnetic features for easy separation, offering cost-effective and sustainable water treatment solutions. CCIO nanocomposite has been synthesized by green co-precipitation method due to biomolecules and co-enzymes present in the aqueous extract of Gossypium arboreum L. stalk; a single-step procedure completed in 5 h reaction time. Further, the synthesis of nanocomposites was confirmed by various characterization techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX). CCIO NCs were discovered to have a spherical shape and an average size of 40 nm. Based on DLS zeta potential analysis, CCIO NCs were found to be anionic. Also, CCIO NCs showed significant antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. Overall, considering the physical and chemical properties, the application of CCIO NCs in the adsorption of various dyes (~91 %) and water pollutants (chromium = ~ 60 %) has been considered since they exhibit great adsorption capacity owing to their microporous structure which can be a step forward in water purification.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0381.v1

Building-Level Wastewater Monitoring for COVID-19 Using Tampon Swabs and RT-LAMP for Rapid SARS-Cov-2 RNA Detection

Aaron Bivins, Megan Lott, Marlee Shaffer, Zhenyu Wu, Devin North, Erin Lipp, Kyle Bibby

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Water Science And Technology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; wastewater monitoring; environmental surveillance; RT-LAMP; building-level; near-source; passive sampling

Online: 17 May 2021 (10:07:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0210.v1

Mitigation of Acute Hydrogen Sulfide and Ammonia Emissions from Swine Manure During 3-hour Agitation Using Pelletized Biochar

Baitong Chen, Jacek Koziel, Myeongseong Lee, Samuel O'Brien, Peiyang Li, Robert Brown

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: agricultural wastewater treatment; hazardous waste management; gas-liquid interface; gaseous emissions; animal production; occupational safety

Online: 10 May 2021 (15:16:36 CEST)

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The risk of inhalation exposure to elevated concentrations of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) and ammonia (NH₃) during the agitation of stored swine manure is high. Once or twice a year, farmers agitate manure before pump-out and application to fields. Agitation of the swine manure causes the short-term releases of highly toxic levels of H₂S and NH₃. In our previous pilot-scale studies, the biochar powder had shown significant mitigation of H₂S and NH₃emissions when surficially applied to manure immediately before agitation. However, fine biochar powder application poses hazards by itself and may not be practical to apply on a farm scale, especially when livestock and workers are present. We hypothesized that applying pelletized biochar to manure surface is just as effective as applying powder to protect farmers and animals from excessive exposure to H₂S and NH₃. This work reports on the lab-scale proof-of-the-concept trials with biochar pellets on the lab-scale. The objective was to compare the biochar pellets and biochar powder on their effectiveness of mitigation on H₂S and NH₃ gases during 3-hour long swine manure agitation. Three scenarios were compared in (n=3) trials (i) control, (ii) 12.5 mm thick surficial application to manure surface of biochar powder, and (iii) an equivalent (by mass) dose of pelletized biochar applied to manure surface. The biochar powder was bound with 35% (wt) water into ~5 × 10 mm (dia × length) pellets. Biochar powder was significantly (p<0.05) more effective than the biochar pellets. Still, pellets reduced total H₂S and NH₃ emissions by ~72% and ~68%, respectively (p=0.001), compared with ~99% by powder (p=0.001). The maximum H₂S & NH₃concentrations were reduced from 48.1±4.8 ppm & 1,810±850 ppm to 20.8±2.95 ppm & 775±182 ppm by pellets, and to 22.1±16.9 ppm & 40.3±57 ppm by powder, respectively. These reductions are equivalent to reducing the maximum concentrations of H₂S and NH₃ during the 3-h manure agitation by 57% and 57% (pellets) and 54% and 98% (powder), respectively. Treated manure properties hinted at improved nitrogen retention, yet not significant due to high variability. We recommend scaling-up and trials on the farm-scales using biochar pellets to assess the feasibility of application to large manure surfaces and techno-economic evaluation.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0658.v1

Isolation of Industrial Important Bioactive Compounds From Microalgae: A Review

Vimala Balasubramaniam, Rathi Devi Nair Gunasegavan, Suraiami Mustar, June Chelyn Lee, Mohd Fairulnizal Mohd Noh

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: microalgae; industries; manufacturers; isolation; bioactive compounds; microalgae products; nutraceuticals; pharmaceutical; cosmeceutical; biofuels; biofertilizer; wastewater treatment

Online: 25 December 2020 (12:55:27 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0008.v1

Phosphorus Removal and Carbon Dioxide Capture in a Pilot Conventional Septic System Upgraded with a Sidestream Steel Slag Filter

Dominique Claveau-Mallet, Hatim Seltani, Yves Comeau

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: hydroxyapatite; calcite; vivianite; onsite wastewater treatment; phreeqc; precipitation; groundwater contamination; septic tank; drainfield; reactive filter

Online: 1 November 2019 (11:21:52 CET)

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Preprint TECHNICAL NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0446.v1

Bio-Delipidation of Dissolved Air Flotation Pre-Treated Poultry Slaughterhouse Wastewater

Siyasanga Mbulawa, Seteno Karabo Obed Ntwampe, Moses Basitere, Yolanda Mpentshu, Cynthia Dlangamandla, Boredi Silas Chidi

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: bio-delipidation; dissolved air flotation (DAF); fats, oil and grease (FOG); poultry slaughterhouse wastewater (PSW)

Online: 27 August 2018 (09:48:51 CEST)

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Preprint ESSAY | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0142.v1

Seasonal Applicability of Three Plant Constructed Wetlands for Nutrient Removal in Pilot Scale

Farham Aminsharei, Seyed Mehdi Borghei, Reza Arjomandi, Jafar Nouri, Alireza Pendashteh

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: sub-surface flow constructed wetland; nutrient removal; wastewater treatment; Lactuca sativa; Medicago sativa; Phragmites australis

Online: 28 November 2016 (10:34:49 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1266.v1

Valorization of Acid Leaching Post-Consumer Gypsum Purification Wastewater

Miguel Castro-Díaz, Sergio Cavalaro, Mohamed Osmani, Saeed Morsali, Matyas Gutai, Paul Needham, Bill Parker, Tatiana Lovato

Subject: Engineering, Architecture, Building And Construction Keywords: refurbishment plasterboard waste; demolition plasterboard waste; gypsum waste recycling; acid leaching purification; wastewater treatment and valorization

Online: 21 November 2023 (09:35:46 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0207.v1

Improvement of MBBR Performance by the Addition of 3D-Printed Biocarriers Fabricated with 13X and Bentonite

Dimitra C. Banti, Petros Samaras, Afroditi G. Chioti, Anastasios Mitsopoulos, Michail Tsangas, Antonis Zorpas, Themistoklis Sfetsas

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Water Science And Technology Keywords: moving bed biofilm reactor; K1 biocarriers; 3D-printed biocarriers; biofilm; SMP; EPS; activated sludge; wastewater treatment

Online: 2 June 2023 (13:44:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.1211.v1

Comparative Study of the U(VI) Adsorption by Hybrid Silica-Hyperbranched Poly(ethylene imine) Nanoparticles and Xerogels

Michael Arkas, Konstantinos Giannakopoulos, Evangelos P. Favvas, Sergios Papageorgiou, George V. Theodorakopoulos, Artemis Giannoulatou, Michail Vardavoulias, Dimitrios A Giannakoudakis, Konstantinos S Triantafyllidis, Efthalia Georgiou, Ioannis Pashalidis

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Nanotechnology Keywords: Uranyl Cations; Dendritic Polymers; Silica Xerogels; Composites; Nanoparticles; water purification; radioactive wastewater; Uranium removal; Dendrimers; Biomimetic

Online: 29 April 2023 (04:48:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0247.v1

Chemometrics of the Environment: Hydrochemical Characterization of Groundwater in Lioua plain (North Africa) using Time Series and Multivariate Statistical Analysis

Ali Athamena, Aissam Gaagai, Hani Amir Aouissi, Juris Burlakovs, Selma Bencedira, Ivar Zekker, Andrey E. Krauklis

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: Chemometrics; Wastewater; Hydrochemical Characterization; North Africa; Environmental Science; Groundwater; Data Analysis; Time Series; Multivariate Analysis; Statistics

Online: 14 November 2022 (09:25:04 CET)

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Drinking water quality is a major concern, especially in African countries. This manuscript aims to analyze the chemical composition of Lioua’s groundwater in order to determine the geological processes influencing the chemical elements' composition and origin. Therefore, chemometrics techniques such as multivariate statistical analysis (MSA) and time series methods (TSM) are used. Indeed, MSA includes a component analysis (PCA) and a cluster analysis (CA), while au-tocorrelation analysis (AA) supplemented by simple spectral density analysis (SDA) is used for TMS. PCA displays three main factors explaining a total variance (TV) of 85.01 %. Factors 1, 2, and 3 are 68.72%, 11.96%, and 8.89 % of TV, respectively. In the CA, three groups were controlled by TDS and EC. G1 reveals a close association between SO42−, K+, Ca2+, and TDS; G2 reveals a close association between Na+, Cl−, Mg2+, and EC; G3 shows the dissociation of bicarbonates HCO3− and NO3− from other chemical elements. AA shows a linear interrelationship of EC, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl−, and SO42−. However, NO3− and HCO3− indicate uncorrelated characteristics with other parameters. For SDA, the correlograms of Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl−, and SO42− have a similar trend with EC. None-theless, pH, Ca2+, HCO3− and NO3− exhibit multiple peaks related to the presence of several dis-tinct cyclic mechanisms. The methods enabled the authors to conclude that the geochemical processes influencing the chemical composition are: (i) dissolution of evaporated mineral depos-its, (ii) water-rock interaction, and (iii) evaporation process. In addition, Groundwater exhibits two bipolar characteristics, one recorded with negative and positive charges on pH and Ca+ and another recorded only with negative charges on HCO3− and NO3−. On the other hand, SO42-, K+, Ca2+, and TDS are the major predominant elements in the groundwater’s chemical composition. The major participation of salts and chlorides is in the electrical conductivity of water. The dominance of the lithological factor in the overall mineralization of the Plio-Quaternary surface aquifer waters. The origins of HCO3− and NO3− are different. Indeed, carbonated for HCO3- has a carbonate origin, whereas NO3– has an anthropogenic origin. The salinity was affected by Mg2+, SO42-, Cl-, Na+, K+, and EC. Ca2+, HCO3− and NO3− are resulted from human activity fertilizers, the carbonate facies outcrops, and domestic sewage.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0356.v1

Principles and Technical Application of Mixing Zones for Wastewater Discharges to Freshwater and Marine Environments

Carlos J.A. Campos, Donald J. Morrisey, Paul Barter

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: estuaries; zone of initial dilution; allocated impact zone; wastewater; modelling; water quality standards; water pollution control

Online: 28 March 2022 (08:44:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201904.0303.v1

Selective Mineralization and Recovery of Au(III) from Multi-ionic Aqueous Systems by Microorganisms

Yangjian Cheng, Zhibin Ke, Xiaojing Bian, Jianhua Zhang, Zhen Huang, Yuancai Lv, Minghua Liu, Qiang Yi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: selective biomineralization; recovery of Au(III); AuNP; bacillus licheniformis FZUL-63; aqua regia-based metal wastewater

Online: 28 April 2019 (08:36:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201902.0036.v1

Optimization of the COD Removal Efficiency for a Static Granular Bed Reactor Treating Poultry Slaughterhouse Wastewater

Zainab Rinquest, Moses Basitere, Maxwell Mewa-Ngongang, Seteno Karabo Obed Ntwampe, Mahomet Njoya

Subject: Engineering, Other Keywords: Anaerobic digestion; Chemical oxygen demand; Optimization; Poultry slaughterhouse wastewater; Response surface methodology; Static Granular Bed Reactor

Online: 4 February 2019 (13:53:16 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1786.v1

Enhancing the Levelized Cost of Hydrogen with the Usage of the By-Product Oxygen in a Wastewater Treatment Plant

Franziska Maria Hönig, Ganesh Deepak Rupakula, Diana Duque-Gonzalez, Matthias Ebert, Ulrich Blum

Subject: Engineering, Energy And Fuel Technology Keywords: alkaline water electrolysis; hydrogen; by-product oxygen; wastewater treatment plant; levelized cost of hydrogen; power-to-gas

Online: 25 May 2023 (09:46:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0404.v1

A Forecast Visual Observation of the Anthropogenic Impact on the Pilgrimage Places Along the Southeast Coast of Tamil Nadu, India

Rajendran Viji, Nirmaladevi D Shrinithivihahshini, John S Armstrong-Altrin, Ebrahem M Eid

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Shoreline holy places, unregulated ritual impact, Wastewater and Open-defecation, Physiochemical and Microbial pollution, Gulf of Mannar

Online: 15 June 2021 (12:06:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0630.v1

Preparing for Sea-Level Rise through an Adaptive Managed Retreat of a Two-Waters Network

Rick Kool, Judy Lawrence, Martin Drews, Robert Bell

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: managed retreat; dynamic adaptive policy pathways; sea-level rise; water infrastructure; stormwater; wastewater; coastal flooding; climate change

Online: 26 July 2020 (02:38:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0146.v1

A Real-Time BOD Estimation Method in Wastewater Treatment Process Based on an Optimized Extreme Learning Machine

Ping Yu, Jie Cao, Veeriah Jegatheesan, Xianjun Du

Subject: Engineering, Control And Systems Engineering Keywords: Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD); Cuckoo search algorithm (CSA); Extreme learning machine (ELM); Soft sensor; Wastewater treatment process

Online: 15 January 2019 (09:13:22 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0458.v1

Bioremediation of Wastewaters from Local Textile Industries in Ilorin, Nigeria

Abdullahi Ajao, Sunday Awe, Zulukarnain Sulugambari

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Bacillus; Bioremediation; Enzymes; Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR); Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS); Physicochemicals; Textile wastewater.

Online: 19 November 2018 (11:19:08 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0882.v1

Changes in the Quality of Municipal Wastewater as a Consequence of Discharging Food Waste from Restaurants

Joanna Rodziewicz, Jarosław Pesta, Wojciech Janczukowicz, Artur Mielcarek

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Waste Management And Disposal Keywords: food waste; food waste disposers; catering wastewater; COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns; pollution loads; catering food waste energy potential

Online: 13 July 2023 (12:30:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0478.v1

Removal of barium, cobalt, strontium and zinc from solution by natural and synthetic allophane adsorbents

Andre Baldermann, Andrea Cäcilia Grießbacher, Claudia Baldermann, Bettina Purgstaller, Ilse Letofsky-Papst, Stephan Kaufhold, Martin Dietzel

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: allophane; adsorption; precipitation; interface processes; environment; heavy metals; nano-structure; short-range order aluminosilicate; wastewater treatment; aqueous geochemistry

Online: 28 June 2018 (15:39:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0340.v1

Techno-economic Assessment Of An Olive Mill Wastewater (OMWW) Biorefinery In The Context Of Circular Bioeconomy

Yannis Mouzakitis, Emmanuel D. Adamides

Subject: Engineering, Industrial And Manufacturing Engineering Keywords: circular bioeconomy; biorefinery; waste valorisation; olive mill wastewater (OMWW), bioplastics; PHAs; business canvas; business model, SWOT analysis; industrial symbiosis

Online: 21 October 2022 (13:53:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1111.v1

Spin Label Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Reveals Effects of Wastewater Filter Membrane Coated with Titanium-Dioxide Nanoparticles on Bovine Serum Albumin

Krisztina Sebők-Nagy, Zoltán Kóta, András Kincses, Ákos Ferenc Fazekas, András Dér, Zsuzsanna László, Tibor Páli

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Water Science And Technology Keywords: wastewater cleaning; polyvinylidene fluoride filter membrane; titanium-dioxide nano-particles; P25; serum albumin; spin label EPR; fluorescence; dynamic light scattering

Online: 15 August 2023 (08:45:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0393.v1

Study of MBBR-MBR Performance by the Addition of Commercial and 3D-Printed Biocarriers

Dimitra C. Banti, Petros Samaras, Eleni Kostopoulou, Vassiliki Tsioni, Themistoklis Sfetsas

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Water Science And Technology Keywords: MBBR-MBR; biofilm; 3D-printed biocarriers; Kaldnes K1 biocarriers; 13X-halloysite biocarriers; membrane fouling; SMP; EPS; colloidal particles; wastewater treatment

Online: 6 June 2023 (07:14:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201903.0101.v1

Nutrient Resources Recovery by a Creative Co-Composting Method of Municipal Solid Wastes and Wastewater Treatment Plant Sludge

Saeed Nemati, Bijan Samali, Farzaneh Tahmoorian, Nader Mokhtarani, Farshad Sanati

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: nutrient resources recovery , chemical oxygen demand (COD), carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N), co-composting, wastewater sludge, municipal solid wastes (MSW)

Online: 8 March 2019 (04:06:02 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0614.v1

Actinide ion (Americium-241 and Uranium-232) Interaction with Hybrid Silica-Hyperbranched Poly(ethylene imine) Nanoparticles and Xerogels

Ioannis Ioannidis, Ioannis Pashalidis, Michael Arkas

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Materials Science And Technology Keywords: Am-241 and U-232; dendritic polymers; silica xerogels; composites; dendrimers; water purification; radioactive wastewater; radionuclide removal; thermodynamic; environmental remediation; water decontamination

Online: 9 August 2023 (07:25:25 CEST)

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