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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0340.v1

Short-Term Influence Analysis of Different Instep Weights on 50 Meters Speed and Running Time

Jordi Esquirol Caussa, Miquel Àngel Cos Morera, Josep Maria Padullés Riu, Montserrat Sánchez Lloansí, Marta Méndez Olavide, Cristina Tinajas Arrontes, Manuel García San Emeterio, Pere Palmada Andreu

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: Locomotion; Motor Control; Muscle Synergies; Physiology; Running

Online: 22 September 2022 (10:30:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0173.v1

Associations between Deformation of the Thoracolumbar Fascia and Activation of the Erector Spinae Muscle in Patients with Acute Low Back Pain and Healthy Controls. A Matched Pair Case-Control Study

Andreas Brandl, Christoph Egner, Rüdiger Reer, Tobias Schmidt, Robert Schleip

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: EMG; ultrasound imaging; low back pain; thoracolumbar fascia; erector spinae muscle; muscle spindle

Online: 13 September 2022 (10:38:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0042.v1

Influence of Rolfing Structural Integration on Active Range of Motion. A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Andreas Brandl, Katja Bartsch, Helen James, Marilyn E. Miller, Robert Schleip

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: active range of motion; Structural Integration; Rolfing; fascia

Online: 5 September 2022 (03:32:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0027.v1

Association of Self-Reported Depression Symptoms with Physical Activity Levels in Czechia

Geraldo A. Maranhao Neto, Eduardo Lattari, Bruno Ribeiro Ramalho Oliveira, Anna Polcrova, Maria Infante-Garcia, Sarka Kunzova, Gorazd B Stokin, Juan P. Gonzalez-Rivas

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: Mental Health; Depression; Physical Activity; Population Health; Adult; Middle Aged

Online: 1 September 2022 (16:13:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0549.v1

Online Yoga Instruction Improves Resilience in Athletes During the COVID -19 Pandemic

Ishan Shivanand, Naakesh Dewan, Himanshu Kathuria, Sadhna Verma

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: Yoga of Immortals (YOI); atheltic performance; Dewan Sport Inventory; Sports resilience

Online: 31 August 2022 (14:33:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0421.v1

Older Physical Education Teachers’ Wellbeing at Work and its Challenges

Henry Lipponen, Mirja Hirvensalo, Kasper Salin

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: physical education; older employee; ageing; work ability; coping at work; wellbeing at work

Online: 24 August 2022 (11:07:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0356.v1

Development of an Android Mobile Application for Reducing Sitting Time and Increasing Walking Time in People with Type 2 Diabetes

Reza Daryabeygi-Khotbehsara, Sheikh Mohammad Shariful Islam, David W. Dunstan, Mohamed Abdelrazek, Brittany Markides, Ralph Maddison

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: sedentary behaviour; smartphone; mobile app; just-in-time adaptive intervention (JITAI)

Online: 19 August 2022 (05:29:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0184.v1

A New Architecture for Customizable Exergames: User Evaluation for Different Neuromuscular Disorders

Martina Eckert, Alicia Aglio, María Luisa Martín-Ruiz, Victor Osma-Ruiz

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: Exergames; Kinect; neuromuscular disesase; physical disability; rehabilitation; serious games; Virtual reality rehabilitation

Online: 10 August 2022 (03:24:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0094.v1

Complexity Analyses of Surface Electromyography to Assess the Effects of Warm-up and Stretching during Maximal and Sub-Maximal Hamstring Contractions

Nicolas Babault, Marion Hitier, Carole Cometti

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: Linear analysis; Non-linear analysis; Detrended fluctuation analysis; Entropy; Recurrence plot; Root mean square; Fractals

Online: 4 August 2022 (03:32:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0006.v1

Multi-function Swing Suspension Training in Multiple Sclerosis: Assessing the Influence on Upper and Lower Extremities Function and Quality of Life with Respect to Expanded Disability Status Scale

sara Sepehri far, Banafsheh Amiri, Mansour Sahebozamani, Hossein Ali Ebrahimi

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: Multi-function swing suspension training; Upper extremity function; Lower extremity function; Quality of life; Multiple sclerosis

Online: 1 July 2022 (07:59:06 CEST)

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Background: Upper extremities’ function impairments (UEFI) and gait impairment are frequently reported even in the early stages of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) disease. These motor deficits can negatively affect the quality of life (QOL) in MS patient. Exercise has been repeatedly introduced as a beneficial adjuvant therapy for MS, attenuating a wide range of physical and psychological symptoms without any side effects or increased risks of relapse or exacerbation in disease symptoms.Aim: This paper investigates the effect of multi-function swing suspension training (MFSST) program on upper and lower extremities’ function (ULEF), and QOL in MS women according to expanded disability status scale (EDSS) score.Design: Experimental method with a pre-test and post-test design with control group. Setting: The department of Sports Injuries and Corrective Exercise at the Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman.Population: Forty-seven MS women.Methods: Eligible subjects who matched the selection criteria were randomly assigned into three groups as follow: i. Intervention group A (EDSS of 2 – 4), ii. Intervention group B (EDSS of 4.5 – 6.5), and iii. Control group (EDSS of 2 – 6.5). The intervention groups have been trained by the SET program for a duration of 8 weeks. At baseline and after the intervention, the upper extremities’ function (UEF) and the lower extremities’ function (LEF) were assessed by 9-hole peg test (9HPT) and the timed 25-foot walk (T25FW) test, respectively. Moreover, participants’ QOL was measured using the Short Form questionnaire (SF-36).Results: A significant difference was found between the pre-test and post-test variables of walking speed and upper extremity endurance in intervention groups, and between the intervention groups and control group (P < 0.05). Compared to control group, both intervention groups showed improvements in all subscales of QOL, except emotional role limitation score.Conclusions: In summary, these results show that the present protocol of MFSST could be effective in improving ULEF and QOL in MS patients, showing the improvements after 4^th week. Moreover, this protocol was more useful for patients with an EDSS score of more than 4.5. Therefore, it seems that exercise therapy should be considered as a beneficial clinical intervention approach to improve ULEF and QOL in MS patients.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0043.v1

LumbarNet: A Deep Learning Network for the Automated Detection of Lumbar Spondylolisthesis From X-Ray Images

Giam Minh Trinh, Hao-Chiang Shao, Kevin Li-Chun Hsieh, Ching-Yu Lee, Hsiao-Wei Liu, Chen-Wei Lai, Sen-Yi Chou, Pei-I Tsai, Kuan-Jen Chen, Fang-Chieh Chang, Meng-Huang Wu, Tsung-Jen Huang

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: deep learning; lumbarnet; lumbar spine; spondylolisthesis; u-net

Online: 3 June 2022 (10:15:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0007.v1

Neuromuscular Fatigue Responses of Endurance and Strength-Trained Athletes during Incremental Cycling Exercise

Maciej Jurasz, Michał Boraczyński, Zbigniew Wójcik, Piotr Gronek

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: neuromuscular fatigue; muscle bioelectrical activity; rating of perceived exertion; cycling exercise

Online: 1 June 2022 (06:23:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0372.v1

Improvement in the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite Score by Multi-Function Swing Suspension Training Program

Sara Sepehri far, Banafsheh Amiri, Mansour Sahebozamani, Hossein Ali Ebrahimi

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: Multiple sclerosis; Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite Score; Multi-Function Swing Suspension Training

Online: 27 May 2022 (08:59:47 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0174.v1

Robotic-Gait Training in Children and Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy: Choice of Settings and Improvement Opportunities

Yosra Cherni, Clara Ziane

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: cerebral palsy; locomotion; robotic rehabilitation; Lokomat; physiotherapy; pediatrics

Online: 19 April 2022 (04:07:24 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0130.v1

Effects of Exposure of Musculoskeletal Tissue to Extracorporeal Shock Waves

Tobias Wuerfel, Christoph Schmitz, Leon Jokinen

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: extracorporeal shock wave therapy; ESWT; focused extracorporeal shock wave therapy; fESWT; mechanisms of action; radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy; rESWT; systematic review

Online: 14 April 2022 (07:42:55 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0031.v1

Effects of Cardiovagal Training on Autonomic Function, Inflammatory Markers and Insulin Levels in Adults with Obesity

Alexis Espinoza-Salinas, Luis Peiret-Villacura, Edgardo Molina-Sotomayor, Igor Cigarroa-Cuevas, Giovanny Arenas-Sánchez, Israel Podestá, José González-Jurado

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: obesity; high-intensity interval training; heart rate variability; inflammatory markers; insulin resistance; autonomic function

Online: 2 March 2022 (02:44:02 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0104.v3

Chronic Pain Treated with the CMECD Procedure

Roger Howard Coletti

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: EMG; muscle; spontaneous electrical activity (SEA); spasm; pain; CMECD protocol; phenoxybenzamine-lidocaine mixture

Online: 28 February 2022 (12:10:27 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0287.v1

Study on the Grading Treatment Model of "Health Management Center" in the Perspective of Sports-Health Care Integration

Junjiang Sun, Anna Szumilewicz

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: integration of sports and health care; sports; health; community

Online: 23 February 2022 (07:06:51 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0274.v1

The Effect of Pressotherapy on Performance and Recovery in the Management of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Paweł Wiśniowski, Maciej Cieśliński, Martyna Jarocka, Przemysław Seweryn Kasiak, Bartłomiej Makaruk, Wojciech Pawliczek, Szczepan Wiecha

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: pressotherapy; compression; regeneration; DOMS

Online: 22 February 2022 (11:33:53 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0104.v2

Identification, Treatment, Initial and Long-Term Results of Chronic Muscle Spasm Induced Chronic Pain Treated with the CMECD Procedure

Roger Howard Coletti

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: EMG; muscle; spontaneous electrical activity (SEA); spasm; pain; CMECD protocol, phenoxybenzamine-lidocaine mixture

Online: 17 February 2022 (10:46:17 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0136.v1

Methodological Flaws in Meta-Analyses of Clinical Studies on the Management of Knee Osteoarthritis with Stem Cells: a Systematic Review

Christoph Schmitz, Christopher Alt, David A. Pearce, John P. Furia, Nicola Maffulli, Eckhard U. Alt

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: meta-analyses; primary knee osteoarthritis; stem cells; systematic review

Online: 9 February 2022 (10:57:45 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0104.v1

Identification, Treatment, Initial and Long-Term Results of Chronic Muscle Spasm Induced Chronic Pain Treated with the CMECD Procedure

Roger Howard Coletti

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: EMG; muscle; spontaneous electrical activity (SEA); spasm; pain; CMECD protocol, phenoxybenzamine-lidocaine mixture

Online: 8 February 2022 (08:50:58 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0088.v1

Use of an Elevated Avenue for Leisure-Time Physical Activity by Adults from São Paulo Downtown, Brazil

Eduardo Quieroti Rodrigues, Leandro Martin Totaro Garcia, Evelyn Helena Corgosinho Ribeiro, Ligia Vizeu Barrozo, Regina Tomie Ivata Bernal, Douglas Roque Andrade, João Paulo dos Anjos Souza Barbosa, Ana Paula de Oliveira Barbosa Nunes, Rogério César Fermino, Alex Antonio Florindo

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: Public open spaces; Open streets; Built environment; Leisure-time physical activity; Epidemiology

Online: 7 February 2022 (13:02:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0158.v1

Early Rehabilitation Programs Improve Pain and Disability in Patients with Lumbar Disc Protrusion: A Prospective Controlled Study

Emilian Tarcău, Dorina Ianc, Elena Sîrbu, Doriana Ciobanu, Ioan Cosmin Boca, Florin Marcu

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: low back pain; physical therapy; disability; hydrotherapy

Online: 12 January 2022 (08:23:24 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0328.v1

Validity and Test-Retest Reliability of a Novel Push Low-Cost Hand-Held Dynamometer for Knee Strength Assessment During Different Force Ranges

Maria de Cássia Macedo, Matheus Almeida Souza, Kariny Realino Ferreira, Laura Oliveira Campos, Igora Sérgio Oliveira Souza, Michelle Almeida Barbosa, Ciro José Brito, Alexandre Carvalho Barbosa

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: muscle strength; knee assessment; isometric contraction

Online: 21 December 2021 (12:32:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0095.v1

When Antagonist Muscles at the Ankle Interfere with Maximal Voluntary Contraction under Isometric and Anisometric Conditions

Maxime Billot, Julien Duclay, Philippe Rigoard, Romain David, Alain Martin

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: coactivation; agonist; strength; muscular performance; dynamic contraction; eccentric; concentric.

Online: 6 December 2021 (19:29:42 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0014.v1

Lower Body Positive Pressure Treadmill Training for Pediatric Gait Disorders: A Scoping Review

Yosra Cherni, Léandre Gagné-Pelletier, Laurent Bouyer, Catherine Mercier

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: Pediatrics; Gait; Rehabilitation; Anti-gravity; Treadmill

Online: 1 December 2021 (12:57:48 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0471.v1

The Tyme Wear Smart Shirt is Reliable and Valid at Detecting Personalized Ventilatory Thresholds in Recreationally Active Individuals

Aaron H Gouw, Gary P Van Guilder, Gillian G Cullen, Lance C. Dalleck

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: aerobic threshold; anaerobic threshold; exercise prescription; threshold detection; threshold-based training

Online: 25 November 2021 (12:01:01 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0368.v1

Assessing the Acceptability of a Co-produced Long COVID Intervention in an Underserved Community in the UK

Sally Fowler-Davis, Rachel Young, Tom Maden-Wilkinson, Waqas Hameed, Elizabeth Dracas, Eleanor Hurrell, Romila Bahl, Elisabeth Kilcourse, Rebecca Robinson, Robert Copeland

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: Long Covid; rehabilitation; virtual methods; multi-disciplinary team

Online: 19 November 2021 (15:00:47 CET)

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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected people from more deprived communities. The experience of Long Covid is similarly distributed but very few investigations have concentrated on the needs of this population. The aim of this project was to co-produce an acceptable intervention for people with Long Covid, living in communities recognised as more deprived. Methods: The intervention was based on a multi-disciplinary team using approaches from sport and exercise medicine and functional rehabilitation. The co-production process was undertaken with a stakeholder advisory group and patient public involvement representation. This study identified participants by postcode and the indices of multiple deprivation (IMD); recruitment and engagement were supported by an existing health and wellbeing service. A virtual ‘clinic’ was offered with a team of professional practitioners who met participants three times each; to directly consider their needs and offer structured advice. The acceptability of the intervention was based on the individual’s participation and their completion of the intervention. Results: Ten participants were recruited with eight completing the intervention. The partnership with an existing community health and wellbeing service was deemed to be an important way of reaching participants. Two men and six women ages ranging from 38 to 73 were involved and their needs were commonly associated with fatigue, anxiety and depression with overall de-conditioning. None reported serious hardship associated with the pandemic although most were in self-employment/part-time employment or were not working due to retirement or ill-health. Two older participants lived alone, and others were single parents and had considerable challenges associated with managing a household alongside their Long Covid difficulties. Conclusions: This paper presents the needs and perspectives of eight individuals involved in the process and discusses the needs and preferences of the group in relation to their support for self- managed recovery from Long Covid.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0361.v1

Pandemic-induced Reductions on Swim Training Volume and Performance in Collegiate Swimmers

Gloria Martinez Perez, Matthew VanSumeren, Michael Brown, Tamara Hew-Butler

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: swimming; COVID-19; swim performance

Online: 19 November 2021 (14:34:46 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0264.v1

Timothy Gustavo Cavazzotto, Natã Gomes de Lima Stavinski, Marcos Roberto Queiroga, Michael Pereira da Silva, Edilson Serpeloni Cyrino, Helio Serassuelo Junior, Edgar Ramos Vieira

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: exercise; marriage; sedentary behavior; gender; age groups; behavioral risk factors surveillance system

Online: 15 November 2021 (13:44:23 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0090.v2

Why and How to Use the Body’s Own Stem Cells for Regeneration in Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Primer

John Furia, Mark Lundeen, Jason Hurd, David Pearce, Christopher Alt, Eckhard Alt, Christoph Schmitz, Nicola Maffulli

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: adipose-derived regenerative cells; ADRCs; adipose-derived stem cells; ADSCs; bone regeneration, cartilage regeneration; efficacy; point of care treatment; stem cell; tendon healing without scar formation; tendon regeneration; vaPS cells

Online: 12 November 2021 (11:44:31 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0207.v1

External and Internal Loads in Sports Science: Time to Rethink?

Bernardo Ide, Amanda Silvatti, Craig Staunton, Moacir Marocolo, Dustin Oranchuk, Gustavo Mota

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: exercise intensity; training impulse; training strain; exercise volume

Online: 10 November 2021 (14:30:55 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0174.v1

Coordinative Abilities Importance in Selection Process Optimization of Young Children for the Handball Game: A Questionnaire Overview

Ileana Petrariu

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: coordination abilities; training; handball; physical activity

Online: 9 November 2021 (13:42:11 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0090.v1

Why and How to Use the Body’s Own Stem Cells for Regeneration in Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Primer

John Furia, Mark Lundeen, Jason Hurd, David Pearce, Christopher Alt, Eckhard Alt, Christoph Schmitz, Nicola Maffulli

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: adipose-derived regenerative cells; ADRCs; adipose-derived stem cells; ADSCs; bone regeneration, cartilage regeneration; efficacy; point of care treatment; stem cell; tendon healing without scar formation; tendon regeneration; vaPS cells

Online: 3 November 2021 (16:16:42 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0032.v1

Exposure of Zebra Mussels to Radial Extracorporeal Shock Waves: Implications for Treatment of Fracture Nonunions

Wenkai Wu, Nicola Maffulli, John Furia, Lukas Meindlhumer, Katharina Sternecker, Stefan Milz, Christoph Schmitz

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: rESWT; biomineralization; mussel shell; calcein green; fracture non-union

Online: 2 November 2021 (10:25:32 CET)

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Background Radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (rESWT) is an attractive, non-invasive therapy option to manage fracture nonunions of superficial bones, with a reported success rate of approximately 75%. Using zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha), we recently demonstrated that induction of biomineralization after exposure to focused extracorporeal shock waves (fESWs) is not restricted to the region of direct energy transfer into calcified tissue. This study tested the hypothesis that radial extracorporeal shock waves (rESWs) also induce biomineralization in regions not directly exposed to the shock wave energy in zebra mussels. Methods Zebra mussels were exposed on the left valve to 1000 rESWs at different air pressure (between 0 and 4 bar), followed by incubation in calcein solution for 24 hours. Biomineralization was evaluated by investigating the fluorescence signal intensity found on sections of the left and right valves prepared two weeks after exposure. Results General linear model analysis demonstrated statistically significant (p < 0.05) effects of the applied shock wave energy as well as of the side (left/exposed vs. right/unexposed) and the investigated region of the valve (at the position of exposure vs. positions at a distance to the exposure) on the mean fluorescence signal intensity values, as well as statistically significant combined energy × region and energy × side × region effects. The highest mean fluorescence signal intensity value was found next to the umbo, i.e., not at the position of direct exposure to rESWs. Conclusions As in the application of fESWs, induction of biomineralization by exposure to rESWs may not be restricted to the region of direct energy transfer into calcified tissue. Furthermore, the results of this study may contribute to better understand why the application of higher energy flux densities beyond a certain threshold does not necessarily lead to higher success rates when treating fracture nonunions with extracorporeal shock wave therapy.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0426.v1

Is There Any Non-functional Training? A Conceptual Review

Bernardo N. Ide, Amanda P. Silvatti, Moacir Marocolo, Clarcson P.C. Santos, Bruno V.C. Silva, Dustin J. Oranchuk, Gustavo R. Mota

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: core training; exercises; flexibility; fitness; periodization

Online: 28 October 2021 (09:44:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0337.v1

A Ten-Week Motor Skills Training Program Increases Motor Coordination in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder

Saidmamatov Orifjon, Quvondiq Raximov, Paula Rodrigues, Olga Vasconcelos

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: Developmental coordination disorder (DCD); MABC-2; Motor skills training

Online: 25 October 2021 (10:23:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0078.v1

Time Course of Recovery Following Crossfit® Karen Benchmark Workout in Trained Men

Ramires Alsamir Tibana, Ivo Vieira de Sousa Neto, Nuno Manuel Frade de Sousa, Arthur M. Zecchin-Oliveira, Frederico Ribeiro Neto, João Henrique Falk Neto

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: Functional Fitness; High intensity Functional training; Periodization; Overreaching; Muscle recovery.

Online: 6 September 2021 (07:19:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0550.v1

Interdisciplinary Co-design Framework in Healthcare Design for Older Adult Patients with Chronic Low-back Pain

Muhammad Tufail, HaeBin Lee, Hwang Kim, KwanMyung Kim

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: Interdisciplinary co-design; healthcare design; exercise; low-back pain; older adult patients; rehabilitation

Online: 30 August 2021 (15:12:45 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0391.v1

Racing and Training Demands of off-Road Triathlon: A Case Study of a National Champion Masters Triathlete

Christopher R Harnish, Hamish A Ferguson, Gregory P Swinand

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: XTerra; trail running; W’; MTB; off-road cycling economy; cross triathlon

Online: 18 August 2021 (14:36:37 CEST)

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(1) Background: This report examines the unique demands of off-road triathlon (XT) by presenting physiological, field, and race data from a national champion off-road triathlete using several years of laboratory and field data to detail training and race intensity. (2) Methods: Laboratory and field data were collected when the athlete was at near peak fitness and included oxygen consumption (VO2), heart rate (HR), power output (W), and blood lactate (BLC) during cycling and running, while HR, cycling W, and running metrics were obtained from training and race data files over a period of seven years. Intensity was described using % HR max zones (Z) 1 < 75%, 2 = 75 - 87%, and Zone 3 > 87%, and W. An ordinary least squares analysis was used to model differences between event types. (3) Results: Weather conditions were not different across events. XT events had twice the elevation change (p<0.01) and two-three times greater W’ (p< 0.001) than road triathlon (ROAD), but similar HR intensity profiles (max, avg, and zones); both events are predominately performed at > Z2 or higher intensity. Championship XT events were longer (p<0.01) , with higher kJ expenditure (p<0.001). OLS modelling suggested three variables were strongly related (R2 = 0.84; p < 0.0001) to cycling performance: event type (XT vs ROAD), total meters climbed, and total bike duration. Championship XT runs were slower than either regional (p<0.05) or ROAD (p<0.01) runs, but HR intensity profiles similar. OLS modelling indicates that slower running is linked to either greater total bike kJ expenditure (R2 = 0.57; p<0.001), or total meters gained (R2 = 0.52; p<0.001). Race simulation data support these findings but failed to produce meaningful differences in running. Conclusions: XT race demands are unique and mirror MTB and trail running demands. XT athletes must be mindful of developing anaerobic fitness, technical ability, and aerobic fitness, all of which contribute to off-road cycling economy. It is unclear whether XT cycling affects subsequent running performance different from ROAD cycling.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0309.v1

Gender Based Comparison and Effects of Multi-Year Physical Exercise Program on Motor Skills in Preschool Children

Kristian Plazibat, Josip Karuc, Tihomir Vidranski

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: sex differences; fundamental motor skill; motor skills; physical activity; exercise effects; pediatrics

Online: 14 August 2021 (14:45:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0171.v1

Scapular Retraction Under Adduction Load: an Alternative to Overhead Exercises to Activate Infraspinatus, Upper and Lower Trapezius in Subjects With and Without Shoulder Pain

Jefferson James dos Santos, Rebeca Orozco Nagy, Matheus Almeida Souza, Leonardo Intelangelo, Michelle Almeida Barbosa, Gabriela Silveira-Nunes, Alexandre Carvalho Barbosa

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: Shoulder impingement syndrome; Scapula; Exercise therapy; Exercise movement techniques; Musculoskeletal pain

Online: 6 August 2021 (17:21:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0357.v1

Impact of Rowing Training on Quality of Life and Perceived Health in Female Breast Cancer Survivors

Juan Gavala-González, Amanda Torres-Pérez, José Carlos Fernández-García

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: breast cancer; rowing; quality of life; perceived health; IPAQ-SF; SF-36.

Online: 14 May 2021 (17:14:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0645.v1

Can a single trial of a thoracolumbar myofascial release technique reduce pain and disability in chronic low back pain? Randomized balanced cross-over study

Luana Rocha Paulo, Ana Cristina Rodrigues Lacerda, Fábio Luiz Mendonça Martins, José Sebastião Cunha Fernandes, Leonardo Sette Vieira, Cristiano Queiroz Guimarães, Sílvia de Simoni Guedes Ballesteros, Marco Túlio Saldanha dos Anjos, Patrícia Aparecida Tavares, Sueli Ferreira da Fonseca, Murilo Xavier Oliveira, Mário Bernardo-Filho, Danúbia da Cunha de Sá-Caputo, Vanessa Amaral Mendonça, Redha Taiar

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: fascia; chronic low back pain; myofascial release

Online: 25 March 2021 (16:24:46 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0301.v1

IMPACT OF ROWING TRAINING ON QUALITY OF LIFE AND PERCEIVED HEALTH IN FEMALE BREAST CANCER SURVIVORS

Juan Gavala-González, Amanda Torres-Pérez, José Carlos Fernández-García

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: breast cancer; rowing; quality of life; perceived health; IPAQ-SF; SF-36.

Online: 12 February 2021 (12:09:55 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0044.v1

"It is Like Medicine": Using Sports to Promote Adult Women's Health in Rural Kenya

Francis Barchi, Millan A. AbiNader, Samantha C. Winter, Lena M. Obara, Daniel Mbogo, Bendettah M. Thomas, Brittany Ammerman

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: women's health; sports; non-communicable disease; obesity; physical activity; health promotion; mixed-methods; Africa

Online: 1 February 2021 (14:23:47 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0502.v1

Variation in Gastrocnemius and Hamstrings Muscle Activity During Peak Knee Flexor Force After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Hamstring Graft: Preliminary Controlled Study

Luna Sequier, Florian Forelli, Maude Traullé, Amaury Vandebrouck, Pascal Duffiet, Louis Ratte, Jean Mazeas

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: Anterior cruciate ligament, Electromyography, Isokinetic, Gastrocnemius, Hamstring

Online: 21 September 2020 (11:37:57 CEST)

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Background: The optimisation of this return to athletic activity pass by a better understanding of the behaviour of the muscle involved in knee function.In this study, we focused on the muscular activity of the muscle involved in the flexion of the knee. Preciseley on the relation between the muscular activity of the gastrocnemius and the hamstring among the patient that underwent an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstring graft.Objective : The objective of the study is to compare, the muscular activity of the flexor knee muscle in patient that underwent an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstring autograft and the individuals that have not undergone surgery.Methods : The participants have been divided into two groups : an healthy group and an experimental group that underwent an anterior cruciate ligament recontruction with hamstring graft. The participants had to performe a strenght test on a isocinetik dynamometer. The activity of the medial gastrocnemius, lateral gastrocnemius, femoral biceps and the semitendinosus were mesured during this test.The muscular activity of the muscle mentioned of the individuals in the first group were compared to the ones in the second group via a statistical analysis. Then, a ratio of the activity of the gastrocnemius muscle on the activity of the hamstring was calculated The results of the experimental group were then compared to the results of the control groupResults : The results showed a significative difference activity of the medial gastrocnemius, the femoral biceps and the semitendinosus muscles : the experimental group results were superior to the control group results However the evaluation of the activity reporting has shown significant differences in the two groupsConclusion : This study has allowed us to show a difference in muscular activity of the gastrocnemius and hamstring muscle between patient that underwent an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery and the heathy participants. However our approch has not allowed us to identify the relation between a heihtened gastrocnemius activity and a diminished hamstring activity following an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstring graft. Quite on the contrary, we observed a higher activity of the two muscle groups. Nevertheless, it seem to be necessary to have a variation in situations during the analysis of the gastrocnemius muscle to fully understans its purpose in the functional activity of the knee of patient that have undergone an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0430.v1

Determination of Risk Factors Associated With Walking Disorders After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Surgery With Hamstring Graft : A Controlled Multicenter Study

Marine Gaignon, Jean Mazeas, Maude Traullé, Amaury Vandebrouck, Pascal Duffiet, Louis Ratte, Florian Forelli

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: anterior cruciate ligament; gait disorder; gait analysis; risk factors

Online: 18 September 2020 (11:17:01 CEST)

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Today, rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament is the most common heavy injury in athletes, but it can also occur in sedentary subjects. Its treatment, always adapted to the lifestyle, age and will of the patient, often remains surgical. However, despite its frequency and universality, there are still walking disorders following the operation. These disorders sometimes persist for several months, or even several years after surgery. The present study is therefore interested in determining the risk factors linked to walking disorders following reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. The objective of this study is to determine what risk factors associated with walking disorders are after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament by hamstring graft. This study focused on factors that may exist at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Two populations participated in this study, a healthy population and a population having benefited from reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. The operated test group is divided into two subgroups, one with a postoperative period of 3 months and the second at 6 months. All subjects were subjected to the same protocol, their gait on the treadmill was analyzed and evaluated with an Optogait® analysis system. A univariate analysis was carried out first. Then, a multivariate analysis by adjustment method was carried out in order to eliminate the potential confounding factors. The comparison of the results between the populations in the univariate analysis shows an absence of significant results however there are trends. The statistical results of the multivariate analysis showed interactions in the two subgroups of the operated population.In fact, it turns out that at 3 months there is a tendency to worse gait disorders in subjects with a high BMI reflecting overweight, when an associated surgical procedure has taken place on the meniscus, in subjects over 35 years of age and males. On the other hand, at 6 months, the tendency to worsening is visible only in the strata represented by subjects with a BMI corresponding to overweight, as well as in subjects having benefited from a meniscal suture associated with ACL reconstruction. .The results of the present study show that there are certain factors which tend to increase the risk of these walking disorders after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament by hamstring graft, these factors are different depending on the time postoperative.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0350.v1

Influence of the Open Kinetic Chain on the Distension of the Transplant after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Surgery with Hamstring Graft: Search for Risk Factors

Morgan Belloir, Jean Mazeas, Maude Traullé, Amaury Vandebrouck, Pascal Duffiet, Louis Ratte, Florian Forelli

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: anterior cruciate ligament; open kinetic chain; laxity; isokinetic

Online: 16 September 2020 (05:55:45 CEST)

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Rehabilitation following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstring graft allows the patient to regain his functional capacities and to support him in the resumption of sports activities. Rehabilitation also aims to minimize the risk of recurrence, which is why it ensures that the patient's muscular capacities develop properly until they return to sport. Isokinetics helps strengthen and assess the strength of muscle groups in the thigh, but controversy exists as to its use by resistance to the open kinetic chain knee extension that would cause the transplant to distend. The objective of this study is to determine the influence of isokinetic muscle strengthening on the possible laxity of the anterior cruciate ligament and to be able to determine risk factors. The study relates to a population having benefited from anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstring graft from 3 to 6 months after surgery. Two groups are differentiated, one group exposed to isokinetism during rehabilitation, the other group, named unexposed, undergoes rehabilitation without the use of isokinetism. An anterior knee laxity test is performed 6 months postoperatively using the GNRB® machine for all subjects according to the same protocol. The test results were statistically analyzed to determine a relative risk of transplant distension for each group in the study. Comparison of the results of each group by univariate analysis did not reveal any significant result. Multivariate analysis showed interactions in the two strata of the study. It was argued that the use of isokinetics seems to have no effect on the risk of developing distension for the majority of subjects in the exposed group. A tendency towards transplant protection was perceived for each variable except the age under 25 years (RRa = 1.07). The use of isokinetics does not appear to be a cause of transplant distension in patients undergoing an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction when this method is introduced 3 months postoperatively.

Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0264.v1

Pressure Point Threshold and ME/CFS comorbidity as Indicators of Physiotherapy Response in Fibromyalgia

Francisco Javier Falaguera-Vera, María Garcia-Escudero, Javier Bonastre-Férez, Mario Zacarés, Elisa Oltra

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: Fibromyalgia; Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS); Pressure Point Threshold (PPT); Physiotherapy; Manual Therapy (MT)

Online: 12 September 2020 (04:14:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0237.v1

Toward Evaluation of The Subjective Experience of A General Class of User-Controlled, Robot-Mediated Rehabilitation Technologies for Children with Neuromotor Disability

Manon Maitland Schladen, Kevin Cleary, Yiannis Koumpouros, Reza Monfaredi, Tyler Salvador, Hadi Fooladi Talari, Jacob Slagle, Catherine Coley, Staci Kovelman, Justine Belschner, Sarah Helen Evans

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: game-based therapy; neuromotor disability; cerebral palsy; subjective assessment; patient-centered assessment; caregiver burden; ankle range of motion; ankle strengthening; home exercise program

Online: 10 September 2020 (11:28:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0200.v1

Comparison of Gender, Age, and Body Mass Index Levels for Spatiotemporal Parameters of Bilateral Gait Pattern

Turki S. Abualait, Mohammad Ahsan

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: spatiotemporal parameters; gait; gender; age; Body Mass Index

Online: 9 September 2020 (07:12:18 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0096.v1

Physical and Metabolic Changes after Ileal Pouch-anal Anastomosis: A Case Study

Jacob Erickson, Patrick Harty, Paul Molling, Richie Stecker, Chad Kerksick, Andrew Jagim

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: body composition; inflammatory bowel disease; J pouch; physical activity levels

Online: 4 September 2020 (11:02:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0508.v1

Is Continuous ECG Recording on Heart Rate Monitors the Most Expected Function by Endurance Athletes, Coaches, and Doctors?

Robert Gajda

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: heart rate monitor; ECG; portable/wearable monitoring system; heart rate variability; long-term assessment; arrhythmia; QARDIO MD VSI system

Online: 24 August 2020 (07:45:40 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0394.v1

Perceptual-cognitive Function and Unplanned Athletic Movement Task Performance: A Systematic Review

Jan Wilke, David Groneberg, Winfried Banzer, Florian Giesche

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: unanticipated; decision-making; brain function; sports; athletes; cognition

Online: 18 August 2020 (16:32:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0363.v1

The Effect of Acute Intense Exercise on Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes in Smokers and Non-smokers

Hadi Nobari, Hamzeh Abdi nejad, Mina Ahmadi, Soghra Mohseni, Mehdi Kargarfard, Jorge Pérez-Gómez, Jose Carmelo Adsuar, Katsuhiko Suzuki

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: exhaustive exercise; oxidative stress; regular physical activity; saliva; peroxidase; catalase; superoxide dismutase

Online: 17 August 2020 (10:30:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0211.v1

Grip Strength Generalization of the Body Mass Index

Alexandru Godescu

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: BMI; Body Mass Index; Grip Strength; Health; Sport; strength

Online: 8 August 2020 (17:53:09 CEST)

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The Body Mass Index (BMI) formula has been developed by Belgian mathematician Adolphe Quetelet and published in 1840 [1] as a law of nature and society, based on statistics about the weight and height of the population of that time, the first part of the 19^th century. He called it “social physics”. From then, for nearly two centuries, the BMI had been the most important formula describing the normal relations and ratio of weight to the square of the height for humans. The problem arises if the BMI formula, developed in the first part of the 19^th century is still good today when the type of work people perform is very different? In modern times, most people are less muscular than at the time when the BMI was developed because they do not work physically as heavy as at that time. In many cases, the Body Mass index can predict mortality, morbidity and illness but not always, for example cases such as (a) the obesity paradox for some cardiovascular problems and (b) the U shape mortality paradox as well as (c) false positive obesity diagnostic in regard to people who are strong and muscular, have low body fat percentage but are classified as obese by the BMI and (d) cases where BMI is normal but people have an “obese metabolism” (e) BMI normal but high fat percentage. The objective is to develop a formula good for all body types, a formula that makes the difference between fat and non-fat body weight such as muscle and body frame and quantifies the effect of strength and fitness, which BMI does not. Another objective is to develop a formula to predict the health risks and fitness status of people, better than BMI. The first generalizations of BMI using anthropometric metrics could be found in [2], where I discuss and analyze many formulae, developed, tested, and simulated by me, using similar new methods, accounting for body shape, physical shape and body function, making the difference between muscle mass and fat, fat and non fat body weight. Nearly all formulae and methods developed and proposed in this new model are new, never published before. Many experiments published before, in highly cited papers show that grip strength and muscle strength is a predictor of health, mortality, morbidity, endocrine and metabolic disease outside the BMI and anthropometric measures. The purpose of my formula is to explain the outcome of those experiments and create a formula which predicts these experiments [21-41].

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0173.v1

Measurement Characteristics of the Most Common Used International Physical Activity Questionnaires for Adults Across EU-28 in National Language Versions: Systematic Review and Meta Analysis

Vedrana Sember, Kaja Meh, Maroje Sorić, Gregor Starc, Paulo Rocha, Gregor Jurak

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: validity; reliability; European Union; measurement properties; language version; IPAQ; GPAQ; EHIS-PAQ.

Online: 7 August 2020 (06:00:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0034.v1

Acupuncture on Lactate, Perceived Exertion in Recreational Athletes Submitted to HIIT

Carlos Soares Pernambuco, Rodrigo Gomes de Souza Vale, João Rafael Valentim-Silva, Carlos Alberto de Souza Filho, Vinicius do Espirito Santo de Jesus, Eliane da Silva Borges, Leandra Silva Cardoso, Isabel Cristina Regazzi, Estelio Henrique Martin Dantas

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: Acupuncture; lactate; heart rate; physical performance; sustainability

Online: 2 August 2020 (14:46:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0662.v1

The Anthropometric Generalization of the Body Mass Index

alexandru godescu

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: sport; health; body mass index; obesity; morbidity; mortality

Online: 28 July 2020 (04:21:17 CEST)

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The classic Body Mass Index, (BMI), developed in the 19^th century by the Belgian mathematician Adolphe Quetelet [1] is an important indicator of the risk of death, of obesity, of negative health consequences, body fat percentage and of the shape of the body. While he BMI is assumed to indicate obesity in sedentary people and in people who do not practice sports, it is undisputed and a consensus among researchers [2][3][4][5][9][25] that Body Mass Index (BMI) is not a good indicator for obesity in people who developed their body through heavy physical work or sport but also in other segments of population such as those who appear to have a normal weight but in fact have a high body fat percentage and obese methabolism. The BMI also does not include all the variables essential for a health predictor. The BMI is not always a good predictor of metabolic disease, people who appear of healthy weight according to BMI have in some cases an obese metabolic syndrome. The BMI was developed as a law of natural sciences and “social physics” [1], as it was called then, before the middle of the 19^th century, and it had been used from the 70s for medical purposes, to detect obesity and the risk of mortality [6][7]. The BMI has a huge importance for modern society, affected by an obesity epidemic [8]. BMI has applications in medicine, sport medicine, sport, fitness, bodybuilding, insurance, nutrition, pharmacology. The main limitation of the BMI is that it does not account for body composition including non fat body mass such as muscles, joints, body frame and makes no difference between fat and non fat components of the body weight. The body composition and the proportion of fat and muscles make a difference in health outcomes [12][13][14][25][26][27][35][36][37] [38][39][40][41][42][43][44]…[100]. Body composition makes a difference also in the level of sport performance for athletes of every level. In nearly two centuries since the Body Mass Index was developed, no formula had been successfully developed to account for body composition and make the difference between muscle and fat in a consistent way. This can be considered a longstanding open problem of major importance for society. The objective of this analysis is to develop new formulae taking into account the health implication of body composition measured through indirect, simple indicators and making the difference between muscles and fat, healthy and non healthy metabolism. The formulae developed in this article are the only formula to successfully generalize BMI and make this difference. I develop a direct generalization of BMI, in the mathematical and physiological sense to account for fat and fat free mass and muscles, small and large body frames. It is the first such generalization because the classic BMI can be determined as a particular case of my formulae in the strict mathematical and practical physiologic sense. No other formula generalized the BMI to make the difference between fat and a large frame and muscles has ever been published in nearly two centuries since the BMI formula had been developed. The formulae I developed explain and generalize the conclusions of a large number of highly cited empirical experiments cited in the reference section. [35][36][37][38][38][39] [40][42][43][44]..[100] Most of the experimental proof I bring in support of my formulae and bodyweight quantification theory comes from many highly cited experimental research publications in medicine, sports medicine, sport science and physiology. My formulae explain also performance in decades of competitive sports and athletics

Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0580.v1

A Novel Method of Interpreting the Relationship between Workload and Injury Occurrence: A Case Study

Diarmuid O'Dowd-Hill

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: Workload; Injuries; Youth; Rugby Union; ACWR; EWMA

Online: 24 July 2020 (11:48:15 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0275.v1

Locomotor Activities as a Way of Inducing Neuroplasticity: Insights and Perspectives on Conventional and Eccentric Exercise Approaches

Pierre Clos, Romuals Lepers, Yoann M. Garnier

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Corticospinal excitability; Cortical inhibition; Cortical facilitation; Eccentric cycling

Online: 13 July 2020 (01:22:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0064.v1

Why Risk It? Athletes' Return to Sport Decisions Following Concussion Injuries: A Pilot Study

Victoria Waterworth, Alexander Procyk, Elisa Canetti, Wayne Hing, Suzanne Gough

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: traumatic brain injury; return to play; risk aversion; choice behaviour; health

Online: 7 June 2020 (07:51:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0393.v1

Introducing a New Activity-Based Balance Index Using Accelerometer Data and Evaluating it as a Predictor of Skill Level among Elite Junior Soccer Players

Shahram Lenjannejadian, Jalil Reisi, Mehdi Salimi

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: activity-based balance index; soccer; accelerometer; performance; skill assessment

Online: 24 May 2020 (18:09:18 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0059.v1

Role of Fascial Connectivity in Musculoskeletal Dysfunctions: A Narrative Review

M.S. Ajimsha, Pramod D. Shenoy, Neeraj Gampawar

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: Fascia; fascial connectivity, myofascial meridians; myofascial chains

Online: 5 May 2020 (03:53:34 CEST)

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Introduction: Musculoskeletal dysfunctions happen to be the most common reason for referral to physiotherapy and manual therapy services. Therapists may use several articular and/or soft tissue concepts/approaches to evaluate and treat such dysfunctions that may include integration of myofascial system. Despite the research in this area spanning more than three decades, the role played by fascia has not received its duly deserved attention, owing to the lack of definitive research evidence. The concept of ‘fascial connectivity’ evolved two decades ago from a simple anatomical hypothesis called ‘myofascial meridians’. Since then it has been widely researched, as conceptually it makes more sense for functional movements than ‘single-muscle’ theory. Researchers have been exploring its existence and role in musculoskeletal dysfunctions and clinicians continue to practice based on anecdotal evidence. This narrative review attempts to gather available evidence, in order to support and facilitate further research that can enhance evidence based practice in this field. Methods: A search of most major databases was conducted with relevant keywords that yielded 272 articles as of December 2019. Thirty five articles were included for final review with level of evidence ranging from 3b to 2a (as per Center of Evidence Based Medicine’s scoring). Results: Findings from cadaveric, animal and human studies supports the claim of fascial connectivity to neighboring structures in the course of specific muscle-fascia chains that may have significant clinical implications. Current research (level 2) supports the existence of certain myofascial connections and their potential role in the manifestation of musculoskeletal dysfunctions and their treatment. Conclusion: Although these reviews and trials yield positive evidence for the objective reality/existence of fascial connectivity and continuity, several aspects need further exploration and in-depth analysis, which could not be evidenced entirely in this review. Manual and physical therapists may utilize the concept of fascial connectivity as a convincing justification to deal with clinical problems, but need to remain vigilant that functional implications are still being investigated.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0519.v1

A Systematic Review of the Role of Physiotherapy Interventions in Palliative Care

Lesley Phokontsi, Larry L Mweetwa, Larry Mweetwa, Tumelo Tlhoiwe, Christine K Muya, Tapfuma Mudawarima, Lili Silumesii, Suwilanji Chisenge, J Phillips

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: Palliative Care; Physical Therapy; End-of-Life Care; Non-pharmacological Intervention; Physiotherapy

Online: 30 April 2020 (08:42:54 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Safety and Efficacy of Treating Symptomatic, Partial-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tear with Fresh, Uncultured, Unmodified, Autologous Adipose Derived Regenerative Cells (UA-ADRCs) Isolated at the Point of Care: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled First-in-Human Pilot Study

Jason L. Hurd, Tiffany R. Facile, Jennifer Weiss, Matthew Hayes, Meredith Hayes, John P. Furia, Nicola Maffulli, Glenn E. Winnier, Christopher Alt, Christoph Schmitz, Eckhard U. Alt, Mark A. Lundeen

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: adipose-derived regenerative cells; ADRCs; partial rotator cuff tear; stem cells; stromal vascular fraction

Online: 14 February 2020 (05:05:43 CET)

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Background: This study tested the hypothesis that treatment of symptomatic, partial-thickness rotator cuff tear (sPTRCT) with fresh, uncultured, unmodified, autologous adipose derived regenerative cells (UA-ADRCs) isolated from lipoaspirate at the point of care is safe and more effective than corticosteroid injection. Methods: Subjects aged between 30 and 75 years with sPTRCT who did not respond to physical therapy treatments for at least six weeks were randomly assigned to receive a single injection of an average 11.4×10⁶ UA-ADRCs (in 5 mL liquid; mean cell viability: 88%) (n=11; modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population) or a single injection of 80 mg of methylprednisolone (40 mg/ml; 2 mL) plus 3 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine (n=5; mITT population), respectively. Safety and efficacy were assessed using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form (ASES), RAND Short Form-36 Health Survey and pain visual analogue scale (VAS) at baseline (BL) as well as three weeks (W3), W6, W9, W12, W24, W32, W40 and W52 post treatment. Fat-saturated T2 weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the shoulder was performed at BL as well as at W24 and W52 post treatment. Results: No severe adverse events related to the injection of UA-ADRCs were observed in the 12 months post treatment. The risks connected with treatment of sPTRCT with UA-ADRCs were not greater than those connected with treatment of sPTRCT with corticosteroid injection. However, one subject in the corticosteroid group developed a full rotator cuff tear during the course of this pilot study. Despite the small number of subjects in this pilot study, those in the UA-ADRCs group showed statistically significantly higher mean ASES total scores at W24 and W52 post treatment than those in the corticosteroid group (p < 0.05). Discussion: This pilot study suggests that the use of UA-ADRCs in subjects with sPTRCT is safe and leads to improved shoulder function without adverse effects. To verify the results of this initial safety and feasibility pilot study in a larger patient population, a randomized controlled trial on 246 patients suffering from sPTRCT is currently ongoing.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0337.v1

Safety and Efficacy of Treating Symptomatic, Partial-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tear with Fresh, Uncultured, Unmodified, Autologous Adipose Derived Regenerative Cells (UA-ADRCs) Isolated at Point of Care: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled First-in-Human Pilot Study

Jason L. Hurd, Tiffany F. Facile, Jennifer Weiss, Matthew Hayes, Meredith Hayes, John P. Furia, Nicola Maffulli, Glenn E. Winnier, Christopher Alt, Christoph Schmitz, Eckhard U. Alt, Mark A. Lundeen

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: adipose-derived regenerative cells; ADRCs; partial rotator cuff tear; stem cells; stromal vascular fraction

Online: 25 December 2019 (07:06:48 CET)

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Background: This study tested the hypothesis that treatment of symptomatic, partial-thickness rotator cuff tear (sPTRCT) with fresh, uncultured, unmodified, autologous adipose derived regenerative cells (UA-ADRCs) isolated from lipoaspirate at point of care is safe and more effective than corticosteroid injection. Methods: Subjects aged between 30 and 75 years with sPTRCT who did not respond to traditional nonoperative care for at least six weeks were randomly assigned to receive a single injection of an average 11.4×10⁶ UA-ADRCs (in 5 ml liquid; mean cell viability: 88%) (n=11; modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population) or a single injection of 80 mg of methylprednisolone (40 mg/ml; 2 ml) plus 3 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine (n=5; mITT population), respectively. Safety and efficacy were assessed using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form (ASES), RAND Short Form-36 Health Survey and pain visual analogue scale (VAS) at baseline (BL) as well as 3 weeks (W3), W6, W9, W12, W24, W32, W40 and W52 post treatment. Fat-saturated T2 weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the shoulder was performed at BL as well as at W24 and W52 post treatment. Results: No severe adverse events related to the injection of UA-ADRCs were observed in the twelve months post treatment. The risks connected with treatment of sPTRCT with UA-ADRCs were not greater than those connected with treatment of sPTRCT with corticosteroid injection. Subjects in the UA-ADRCs group showed statistically significantly higher mean ASES total scores at W24 and W52 post treatment than subjects in the corticosteroid group (p < 0.05). Discussion: Injection of fresh, uncultured, unmodified, autologous adipose derived regenerative cells is a safe and effective treatment of sPTRCT. Larger trials are needed to verify this result. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov ID NCT02918136. Registered September 28, 2016. Level of evidence: Level I; prospective, randomized, controlled trial.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0168.v1

The sex Differences in Blood Pressure and Cardiac Autonomic Modulation during the Menopause Transition at Rest and after Aerobic Exercise Training

Maycon Jr Ferreira, Rodrigo D. Esposti, Aline O. Jarrete, Carlos H. G. Sponton, Angelina Zanesco

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: sex differences; blood pressure; redox state; perimenopausal women; nitric oxide

Online: 12 December 2019 (09:43:23 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0336.v1

The Influence of Amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) Dietary Nitrates on the Aerobic Capacity of Physically Active Young Persons

Tomas Liubertas, Ramutis Kairaitis, Loreta Stasiule, Sandrija Capkauskiene, Arvydas Stasiulis, Pranas Viskelis, Jonas Viskelis, Dalia Urbonaviciene

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: aerobic capacity, dietary nitrates from amaranth, young persons

Online: 27 November 2019 (08:48:45 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0111.v1

Pre-Olympic Ice-Skaters Training Versus Muscle Fatigability Assessed by sEMG

Paweł Pakosz, Anna Lukanova-Jakubowska, Mariusz Konieczny

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: zmęczenie mięśni; skurcz izometryczny; pośladek maksymalny; efekt zmęczenia; krótki tor; próg zmęczenia

Online: 10 October 2019 (05:36:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201909.0271.v1

The Relationship between Vitamin D Status and Rotator Cuff Muscle Strength in Professional Volleyball Athletes

Do Kyung Kim, Geon Park, Liang-Tseng Kuo, Won hah Park

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: vitamin D; muscle strength; volleyball; athletes; shoulder

Online: 24 September 2019 (11:30:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201908.0146.v1

Assessment of Enjoyment and Intensity of Physical Activity in Immersive Virtual Reality on the Omni-Directional Omni Treadmill and Icaros Flight Simulator in the Context of Recommendations for Health

Małgorzata Dębska, Jacek Polechoński, Arkadiusz Mynarski, Piotr Polechoński

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: health-oriented physical; immersive virtual reality; virtual reality; intensity of physical activity

Online: 12 August 2019 (14:02:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0054.v2

Is Radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Combined with a Specific Rehabilitation Program (rESWT + RP) More Effective than Sham-rESWT + RP for Acute Hamstring Muscle Complex Injury Type 3b in Athletes? Study Protocol for a Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled Single Centre Trial

Javier Crupnik, Santiago Silveti, Natalia Wajnstein, Alejandro Rolon, Alisa Vollhardt, Peter Stiller, Christoph Schmitz

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: acute hamstring muscle complex injury; radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy; rESWT, RSWT; soccer medicine

Online: 14 July 2019 (09:01:08 CEST)

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Background: Acute injuries of the hamstring muscle complex (HMC) Type 3b (interfascicle / bundle-tear) are frequently observed in various sports disciplines both in elite and recreational sport. The treatment of choice of acute HMC injuries Type 3b is a progressive physiotherapeutic exercise program. Besides this, there is currently only insufficient scientific evidence to support other treatment methods, including local infiltrations and injections of platelet-rich-plasma. Very recently it was demonstrated that extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) may accelerate regeneration after acute skeletal muscle injury. The aim of the present study is to test the hypothesis that the combination of radial ESWT (rESWT) and a specific rehabilitation program (RP) is effective and safe in treatment of acute HMC injury Type 3b in athletes, and is statistically significantly more effective than the combination of sham-rESWT and RP. Methods/Design: We will perform a double blind, randomized, sham-controlled clinical trial at the clinic KinEf Kinesiología Deportiva, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Fourty patients with acute HMC injury Type 3b will be randomly allocated to receive either rESWT (nine rESWT sessions; three sessions per week; 2500 radial extracorporeal shock waves (rESWs) per session; energy density depending on what the patient tolerates) or sham-rESWT. In addition, all patients will receive a specific rehabilitation program that will last for eight weeks. The primary outcome measure will be the individual time (days) necessary to return to play. Secondary outcomes will include the presence or absence of reinjury during a time period of six months after inclusion into the study. Discussion: Because of the lack of adequate treatment options for acute HMC injury Type 3b in athletes and particularly the high reinjury rate, we hypothesize that the results of this trial will be of importance and have impact on clinical practice. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT03473899. Registered March 22, 2018.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0292.v1

Is Perceived Exertion an Useful Indicator of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Response to Metabolic Conditioning of Functional-Fitness Session? A Randomized Controlled Trial

Ramires Alsamir Tibana, Nuno Manuel Frade de Sousa, Jonato Prestes, Dahan da Cunha Nascimento, Carlos Ernesto, Joao Henrique Falk Neto, Michael Kennedy, Fabrício Azevedo Voltarelli

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: CrossFit; high-intensity functional training; Extreme conditioning programs

Online: 24 May 2019 (11:36:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0054.v1

Is Radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Combined with a Specific Rehabilitation Program (rESWT + RP) More Effective than Sham-rESWT + RP for Acute Hamstring Muscle Complex Injury Type 3b in Athletes? Study Protocol for a Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled Single Centre Trial

Javier Crupnik, Santiago Silveti, Natalia Wajnstein, Alejandro Rolon, Alisa Vollhardt, Peter Stiller, Christoph Schmitz

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: acute hamstring muscle complex injury; radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy; rESWT, RSWT; soccer medicine

Online: 6 May 2019 (11:08:28 CEST)

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Background: Acute injuries of the hamstring muscle complex (HMC) Type 3b (interfascicle / bundle-tear) are frequently observed in various sports disciplines both in elite and recreational sport. The treatment of choice of acute HMC injuries Type 3b is a progressive physiotherapeutic exercise program. Besides this, there is currently only insufficient scientific evidence to support other treatment methods, including local infiltrations and injections of platelet-rich-plasma. Very recently it was demonstrated that extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) may accelerate regeneration after acute skeletal muscle injury. The aim of the present study is to test the hypothesis that the combination of radial ESWT (rESWT) and a specific rehabilitation program (RP) is effective and safe in treatment of acute HMC injury Type 3b in athletes, and is statistically significantly more effective than the combination of sham-rESWT and RP. Methods/Design: We will perform a double blind, randomized, sham-controlled clinical trial at the clinic KinEf Kinesiología Deportiva, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Fourty patients with acute HMC injury Type 3b will be randomly allocated to receive either rESWT (nine rESWT sessions; three sessions per week; 2500 radial extracorporeal shock waves (rESWs) per session; energy density depending on what the patient tolerates) or sham-rESWT. In addition, all patients will receive a specific rehabilitation program that will last for eight weeks. The primary outcome measure will be the individual time (days) necessary to return to play. Secondary outcomes will include the presence or absence of reinjury during a time period of six months after inclusion into the study. Discussion: Because of the lack of adequate treatment options for acute HMC injury Type 3b in athletes and particularly the high reinjury rate, we hypothesize that the results of this trial will be of importance and have impact on clinical practice. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT03473899. Registered March 22, 2018.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201904.0120.v1

The Validity of a Mixed Reality-Based Automated Functional Mobility Assessment

Ruopeng Sun, Roberto G. Aldunate, Jacob J Sosnoff

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: mixed reality headset; mobility assessment; wearable sensor; fall risk; aging

Online: 10 April 2019 (08:33:16 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

What is the Training Intensity Distribution of Recreational-Level Triathletes when Preparing for an Olympic Distance Triathlon?

Joao Henrique Falk Neto, Eric Parent, Michael D. Kennedy

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: training loads; monitoring; illness; fatigue; training intensity distribution; threshold training; polarized training;

Online: 18 March 2019 (09:22:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201902.0224.v1

Functional Fitness and Quality of Life among Women over 60 Years of Age Depending on their Level of Objectively Measured Physical Activity

Agnieszka Nawrocka, Jacek Polechoński, Wiesław Garbaciak, Władysław Mynarski

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: WHOQOL; Senior Fitness Test; exercises; actigraph; accelerometry; elderly; older adults; physical fitness

Online: 25 February 2019 (14:21:58 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0464.v1

High 1RM Tests Reproducibility and Validity Are Not Dependent on Training Experience, Muscle Group Tested or Strength Level in Older Women

Matheus Barbalho, Paulo Gentil, Rodolfo Raiol, Fabrício Boscolo Del Vecchio, Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo, Victor Silveira Coswig

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: resistance training; strength test; muscle strength; older women

Online: 19 November 2018 (11:58:41 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0103.v1

Central and Peripheral Fatigue Related to the Type of Exercise

José Trinidad Quezada Chacón, Edson Francisco Estrada Meneses, Gustavo Sierra Muñiz, Arnulfo Ramos-Jimenez, Felipe Reynoso Sánchez, Janeth Miranda Mendoza, German Hernánez Cruz

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: acute physical stress; sports performance; heart rate variability; physical exhaustion

Online: 5 November 2018 (10:35:01 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0540.v1

Neuromuscular Fatigue at Task Failure and During Immediate Recovery after Isometric Knee Extension Trials

Christian Froyd, Fernando G. Beltrami, Timothy D. Noakes

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: maximal voluntary contraction; peripheral fatigue; neuromuscular activation; femoral nerve electrical stimulation; critical peripheral fatigue threshold; electromyography

Online: 23 October 2018 (15:12:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0510.v1

Effect of the Application of an Innovative Program on Prevention of Falls in Seniors

Zbigniew Borysiuk, Paweł Pakosz, Mariusz Konieczny, Krzysztof Kręcisz

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: limits of stability; coactivation; EMG signal; falls; aging

Online: 22 October 2018 (16:07:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0249.v2

Comparisons in Screen-Time Behaviours among Adolescents with and without Long-Term Illnesses or Disabilities: Results from 2013/14 HBSC Study

Kwok W. Ng, Lilly Augustine, Jo Inchley

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: sedentary behaviours; screen time; children; HBSC; disability

Online: 19 October 2018 (06:18:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0233.v1

Effect of Plyometric Training on Speed and Change of Direction Ability in Elite Field Hockey Players

Jasdev Singh, Brendyn B Appleby, Andrew P Lavender

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: change of direction; speed; plyometric; drop jump; eccentric; team sport; hockey

Online: 11 October 2018 (08:02:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0186.v1

Hamstring Muscle Endurance in Subjects with Prior Knee Injuries

Jamie Faxon, Adeola Sanni, Kevin McCully

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: endurance; fatigue; skeletal muscle; knee rehabilitation

Online: 9 October 2018 (11:12:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0249.v1

Comparisons in Screen-Time Behaviours among Adolescents with and without Long-Term Illnesses or Disabilities: Results from 2013/14 HBSC Study

Kwok W Ng, Lilly Augustine, Jo Inchley

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: sedentary behaviours; children; HBSC

Online: 14 September 2018 (03:56:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0157.v1

Energy Cost and Energy Sources of an Elite Female Soccer Player to Repeated Sprint Ability Test: A Case Study

Fabrizio Perroni, Gian Pietro Emerenziani, Fabrizio Pentenè, Maria Chiara Gallotta, Laura Guidetti, Carlo Baldari

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: GEDAE-LaB; energy cost; aerobic and anaerobic contribution

Online: 10 September 2018 (09:12:34 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0469.v1

Effects of 3-Week Work-Matched High-Intensity Intermittent Cycling Training with Different Cadences on VO₂max in University Athletes

Nobuyasu Tomabechi, Kazuki Takizawa, Keisuke Shibata, Masao Mizuno

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: aerobic capacity, graded‑exercise test, total work-load

Online: 27 August 2018 (16:31:45 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0551.v1

Mind-Body (Baduanjin) Exercise Prescription for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease:A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Shi-Jie Liu, Lin Wang, Ran Li, Gao-Xia Wei, Zhanbing Ren, Liye Zou

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: Baduanjin, Qigong, COPD, rehabilitation

Online: 27 July 2018 (17:28:01 CEST)

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Baduanjin exercise is a traditional Chinese health-Qigong routine, created by an ancient physician for health promotion. Its mild-to-moderate exercise intensity is suitable for individuals with medical conditions. Recently, a large number of trials were conducted to investigate the effects of Baduanjin exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It needs to be determined whether Baduanjin exercise prescription is beneficial for the management of COPD patients. Thus, we conducted a systematic review to objectively evaluate the existing literature on this topic. We searched six databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, CNKI, and Wanfang) from its inception till early May, 2018. The adapted PEDro scale was used for study quality assessment of all randomized controlled trials (RCT). The pooled effect size (Hedge’s g) of exercise capability (6-Minute Walking Test, 6-MWT), lung function parameters (forced expiratory volume in first second, FEV1; forced volume vital capacity, FVC; FEV1/FVC ratio), and quality of life were calculated based on the random-effects model. Twenty RCTs (n = 1975 COPD patients) were included in this review, with sum scores of the adapted PEDro scale between 5 and 9. Study results of meta-analysis indicate that Baduanjin is effective in improving exercise capability (Hedge’s g = 0.69, CI 0.44 to 0.94, p < 0.001, I2 = 66%), FEV1 (Hedge’s g = 0.47, CI 0.22 to 0.73, p < 0.001, I2 = 68.01%), FEV1% (Hedge’s g = 0.38, CI 0.21 to 0.56, p < 0.001, I2 = 54.74%), FVC (Hedge’s g = 0.39, CI 0.22 to 0.56, p < 0.001, I2 = 14.57%), FEV1/FVC (Hedge’s g = 0.5, CI 0.33 to 0.68, p < 0.001, I2 = 53.49%), and the quality of life of COPD patients (Hedge’ s g = - 0.45, CI -0.77 to - 0.12, p < 0.05, I2 = 77.02%), as compared to control groups. Baduanjin exercise as an adjunctive treatment may potentially improve exercise capability and pulmonary function of COPD patients as well as quality of life. Baduanjin exercise could be tentatively prescribed for COPD in combination with the conventional rehabilitation program to quicken the process of recovery. To confirm the positive effects of Baduanjin exercise for COPD patients, future researchers need to consider our suggestions mentioned in this article.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0373.v1

Image Judgment Auxiliary System for Table Tennis Umpiring Under Low Light Conditions

Chang-Hung Hung

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: table tennis; hue-saturation-value (HSV) image segmentation; low light source; automatic tracking

Online: 20 July 2018 (04:36:28 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0173.v1

Soccer Post-Match Recovery – a Review of the Evidence on Static Stretching

Ryan Sciacchitano

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: Static; Stretching; Post-Match; Soccer; Recovery; DOMS; Injury; Performance

Online: 10 July 2018 (11:53:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0067.v1

The Effect of a Curved Non-Motorized treadmill on Running Gait Length, Imbalance and Step Angle

Andrew Hatchett, Kaitlyn Armstrong, Brian Parr, Mallory Crews, Charlie Tant

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: treadmill; curved; running gait; imbalance; step angle; stride length; step length

Online: 5 June 2018 (13:04:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0078.v1

Clinical Methods to Assess and Profile Shoulder Strength in Competitive Surfers

James Furness, Ben Schram, Tim Cottman-Fields, Brendan Solia

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: surfing; rotator cuff; shoulder; strength ratio; profiling; assessment

Online: 3 May 2018 (13:04:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0061.v1

Normative Data Collection of the Combined Elevation Test (CET) in Swimmers and Non-Swimmers

James Furness, Ben Schram, Darren Corea, Zachary Turner, Hannah Cairns

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: combined elevation test; musculoskeletal screening test; normative data; swimming; adolescent

Online: 3 May 2018 (09:05:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0168.v1

Use of Nutritional Supplements in Amateur Tennis Players

Antonio Jesús Sánchez-Oliver, Fernando Mata-Ordoñez, Raúl Domínguez, Álvaro López-Samanes

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: nutritional supplements; tennis; ergogenic aids; amateurs

Online: 12 April 2018 (14:16:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0100.v1

Modulatory Effect of Polyphenolic Compounds from the Mangrove tree Rhizophora mangle L. Improving Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Insulin Resistance in High-Fat Diet Obese Mice

Leonardo Mendes de Souza Mesquita, Cíntia Rabelo e Paiva Caria, Paola Souza Santos, Caio Cesar Ruy, Natalia da Silva Lima, Débora Kono Taketa Moreira, Claudia Quintino da Rocha, Daniella Carisa Murador, Veridiana Vera de Rosso, Alessandra Gambero, Wagner Vilegas

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: Cd36; mass spectrometry; NAFLD; anti-lypase activity; anti-amylase activity; insulin resistance

Online: 9 April 2018 (08:28:02 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201803.0132.v1

Effects of Physical Activity and Exercise on Women’s Bone Health

Karen L. Troy, Megan E. Mancuso, Tiffiny A. Butler, Joshua E. Johnson

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: BMD; aBMD; vBMD; QCT; HRpQCT; structure; mechanical loading; bone adaptation

Online: 16 March 2018 (07:12:31 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201802.0166.v1

The Effect of Environmental Conditions on the Physiological Response during a Stand-Up Paddle Surfing Session

Yair Suari, Ben Schram, Adva Ashkenazi, Hadas Gann-Perkal, Lev Berger, Meshi Reznikov, Shmuel Shomrat, Einat Kodesh

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Sport Sciences & Therapy Keywords: stand up paddle board; physiology; surfing

Online: 26 February 2018 (11:59:28 CET)

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MEDICINE & PHARMACOLOGY