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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0087.v1

Piezoelectric Response and Substrate Effect of ZnO Nanowires for Mechanical Energy Harvesting in Internet of Things Applications

Mateusz Wlazło, Maciej Haras, Grzegorz Kołodziej, Oliwia Szawcow, Jakub Ostapko, Wojciech Andrysiewicz, Tomasz Skotnicki

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: piezoelectricity; energy harvesting; zinc oxide; nanostructures

Online: 3 August 2022 (11:08:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0443.v1

On the Surface Modification of LLZTO with LiF via a Gas-Phase Approach and the Characterization of the Interfaces of LiF with LLZTO as well as PEO+LiTFSI

Manuel Donzelli, Thimo Ferber, Vanita Vanita, Aamir Iqbal Waidha, Philipp Müller, Maximilian Mellin, René Hausbrand, Wolfram Jaegermann, Oliver Clemens

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: LLZTO; surface modification; interface stability; fluorination; XPS

Online: 29 July 2022 (03:10:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0416.v1

Surface Characterization of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Substrate after Oxygenated Plasma Treatment towards Potential Food Processing Application

Noraziani Zainal Abidin, Haslaniza Hashim, Saiful Irwan Zubairi

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: biofouling; deposition; hydrophobic; plasma treatment; PTFE; stickiness

Online: 27 July 2022 (08:53:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0413.v1

Studies on the Structure and Optical Properties of BaSrMgWO₆ Thin Films Deposited by A Spin Coating Method

Luciana Punga, Abderrahman Abbassi, Mihaela Toma, Teodor Alupului, Corneliu Doroftei, Marius Dobromir, Daniel Tîmpu, Florica Doroftei, Laura Hrostea, George G. Rusu, Abdelati Razouk, Felicia Iacomi

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: thin films; double perovskite; structure; optical properties

Online: 27 July 2022 (06:09:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0264.v1

Development and Characterization of Zein/Ag-Sr Doped MBGNs Coatings for Biomedical Applications

Syeda Ammara Batool, Ushna Liaquat, Iftikhar Ahmed Channa, Sadaf Jamal Gilani, Muhammad Atif Makhdoom, Muhammad Yasir, Jaweria Ashfaq, May Nasser Bin Jumah, Muhammad Atiq ur Rehman

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: antibacterial; biomedical implants; electrophoretic deposition; osteogenesis

Online: 18 July 2022 (10:24:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0192.v1

Film Properties Using Metal Salts Washing for Perovskite Solar Cells

Ankit Stephen Thomas

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: Perovskites; Solar cells; Film formation; Solar energy; Doping

Online: 13 July 2022 (08:40:00 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0177.v1

Thin-Film Coating Methods: A Successful Marriage of High-Quality and Cost-Effectiveness- A Brief Exploration

M. A. Butt

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: dip-coating; spin-coating; spray-coating; blade-coating; roll-coating

Online: 12 July 2022 (09:01:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0043.v1

THz Filters made by Laser Ablation of Stainless Steel and Kapton

Molong Han, Daniel Smith, Soon Hock Ng, Zoltan Vilagosh, Vijayakumar Anand, Tomas Katkus, Ignas Reklatis, Haoran Mu, Meguya Ryu, Junko Morikawa, Jitraport Vongsvivut, Dominique Appadoo, Saulius Juodkazis

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: THz filters; Synchrotron

Online: 4 July 2022 (09:26:05 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0381.v1

Anti-Wear and Anti-Erosive Properties of Polymers and Their Hybrid Composites: A Critical Review of Findings and Needs

Zaib Un Nisa, Lee Kean Chuan, Beh Hoe Guan, Saba Ayub, Faiz Ahmad

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: surface erosion; polymer; nanocomposite; fiber-reinforced composites; thermoplastic polymers; thermoset polymers; surface protection; erosive wear; erosion rate; erosion efficiency

Online: 28 June 2022 (08:13:04 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0087.v1

Supramolecular Aggregation of Nanoparticles on Aluminum And Gold Surfaces Occurring in Bovine Serum Albumin Solutions

Aleksei Salanov, Alexandra Serkova, Anastasia Zhirnova, Larisa Perminova, Galina Kovalenko

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: supramolecular aggregation of nanoparticles; aluminum and gold supports; scanning electron microscopy

Online: 7 May 2022 (03:19:17 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0297.v1

Progress in Hexagonal Boron Nitride (h-BN) Based Solid State Neutron Detector

Samiul Hasan, Iftikhar Ahmad

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: h-BN; neutron detector; Solid State detector; Metal Semiconductor Metal

Online: 29 April 2022 (10:16:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0036.v12

Atomic Structure and Binding of Carbon Atoms

Mubarak Ali

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: Carbon; Atomic structure; Electron dynamics; Potential energy; Binding

Online: 25 April 2022 (06:14:04 CEST)

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Many studies discuss carbon-based materials because of the versatility of carbon elements. These studies cover different ideas and discuss them within the scientific scope and application. Depending on the processing conditions of carbon precursors, carbon exists in its various allotropic forms. The electron transfer mechanism is responsible for converting the gaseous carbon atom into the various carbon states named graphite, nanotube, fullerene, diamond, lonsdaleite and graphene. Two pieces of dash-shaped typical energy involve transferring filled state electrons to nearby unfilled states to convert the carbon atom from the existing state to a new state. In an electron transfer mechanism, the carbon atom preserves its equilibrium state. When the pieces of dash-shaped typical energy involve, the electrons of the appropriate filled states instantaneously and simultaneously transfer to the unfilled states. The involved dash-shaped typical energy has its conserved behaviour that is partial. A transferring electron is also under the partially conserved forces. Carbon atoms in graphite, nanotube and fullerene states partially evolve and develop the structures. The structures of one dimension, two dimensions and four dimensions form, respectively. In the formation of such structures, atoms bind under the same pieces of involved dash-shaped typical energy. The graphite structure under the attained dynamics of atoms only is also formed but in two dimensions or amorphous carbon. Here, force and energy, the chemical in nature, together contribute. The structural formations in diamond, lonsdaleite and graphene state atoms involve a different shaped typical energy. Such typical energy controls the orientation of the electron while undertaking its one additional clamp of energy knot. The involved typical energy has a form like a golf stick. To undertake one additional clamp of energy knot, all four electrons of the outer ring in the depositing diamond state atom get aligned along the south pole, and all four unfilled energy knots of the outer ring in the deposited diamond state atom get stretched along the east-west poles. In this way, a depositing diamond state atom binds to the deposited diamond state atom from the ground to the south. Growth is from south to ground, so the structure of diamond is a tetra-electron topological structure. The binding of lonsdaleite state atoms is from the ground to a bit south. However, in glassy carbon, the layers of gaseous, graphite and lonsdaleite state atoms bind simultaneously. The order of these layers repeats in the growth process of glassy carbon. The Mohs hardness in different carbon materials is also sketched.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0171.v1

Mechanically Enhanced Hydrophobic Metal Surfaces Enabled by 3D Gradient Structures

Xiaohan Zhang, Jian Liu, Min Xia, Yaowu Hu

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: Selective laser shock peening; Hydrophobic properties; Mechanical properties; 3D gradient structure

Online: 18 April 2022 (11:58:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0255.v1

A Platform Approach to Protein Encapsulates with Controllable Surface Chemistry

Nina Warner, Ilja Gasan Osojnik Črnivec, Vijay Rana, Menandro Cruz, Oren A. Scherman

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: spray dry; protein; encapsulation; formulation; excipient; core-shell; EISA

Online: 17 March 2022 (12:19:43 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0232.v1

Polymer-Coated Daikon-Based Sunlight Absorbers for Highly Efficient Interface Solar Steam Generation

Ming Li, Zhenning Zhang, Fan Yang, Bo Wu, Jie Yi, Zhihui Yang, Yuming Wu, Weiming Wang, Shuai Peng, Jun Xiong, Xue Min

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: Solar steam generation; Photothermal materials; Daikon; Polydopamine; Polypyrrole

Online: 16 March 2022 (10:16:34 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0319.v1

Analyses and the cause of corrosion and materials loss at the base of a three-phase separator in petroleum-based processing

Han Ding, Houbu Li, Dongtao Qi, Zhao Zhang, Guoquan Qi, Bin Wei, Xuehua Cai

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: Three-phase separator; Perforation; Corrosion; Galvanic

Online: 25 February 2022 (01:46:40 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0125.v1

A Review on the Enhancement of Mechanical and Tribological Properties of MCrAlY Coatings Reinforced by Dispersed Micro- and Nano-Particles

Ali Zakeri, Elnaz Bahmani, Ali Ramazani

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: metal matrix composites; MCrAlY; mechanical properties; tribological properties; wear; erosion

Online: 8 February 2022 (19:07:50 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0089.v1

Fabrication of Color Glass With High Light Transmittance by Pearlescent Pigment and Optical Adhesive

Hyeon-Sik Ahn, Akpeko Gasonoo, Seong-Min Lim, Jae-Hyun Lee, Yoonseuk Choi

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: BIPV; pearlescent pigment; NOA; spin coating; high transmittance; lamination process

Online: 7 February 2022 (13:04:23 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0359.v1

Interfacial Stabilities, Electronic Properties and Interfacial Fracture Mechanism of 6H-SiC Reinforced Copper Matrix studied by the First Principles Method

Yao Shu, Shao Wen Zhang, Yong nan Xiong, Xing Luo, Jia zhen He, Cui cui YIn, Xiao yong Ding, Kai hong Zheng

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: 6H-SiC; the first principles; copper matrix composites; electronic properties

Online: 22 December 2021 (12:06:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0105.v1

Nanometers-Thick Ferromagnetic Surface Produced by Laser Cutting of Diamond

Annette Setzer, Pablo D. Esquinazi, Sergei Buga, Milena Georgieva, Tilo Reinert, Tom Venus, Irina Estrela-Lopis, Andrei Ivashenko, Maria Bondarenko, Winfried Böhlmann, Jan Meijer

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: Diamond; Magnetic order; Laser treatment

Online: 7 December 2021 (13:32:45 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0085.v1

Antimicrobial Photodynamic Coatings Reduce the Microbial Burden on Environmental Surfaces in Public Transportation - a Field Study in Buses

Larissa Kalb, Pauline Bäßler, Wulf Schneider-Brachert, Daniel Bernhard Eckl

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: antimicrobial coating; photodynamic inactivation; public transportation; AMC

Online: 6 December 2021 (15:26:24 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0543.v1

Polypropylene Graft Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Graft Poly(N-Vinylimidazole) as a Smart Material for pH-Controlled Drug Delivery

Felipe López-Saucedo, Jesús Eduardo López-Barriguete, Guadalupe Gabriel Flores-Rojas, Sharemy Gómez-Dorantes, Emilio Bucio

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: grafting; polypropylene; gamma rays; methyl methacrylate; N-vinylimidazole; pH-responsiveness; vancomycin; release

Online: 29 November 2021 (15:04:44 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0088.v1

History-dependent Stress Relaxation of Liquids Under High-confinement: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Hongyu Gao

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: Liquids; Confinement; Stress Relaxation; Molecular Dynamics; Hysteresis

Online: 3 November 2021 (14:56:25 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0178.v1

Colloidal Shear Thickening Fluids Using Variable Shaped Functional Star Particles: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Rofiques Salehin, Rongguang Xu, Stefanos Papanikolaou

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: molecular dynamics; functional particles; jamming; shear thickening; viscosity; diffusivity

Online: 9 September 2021 (11:45:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0505.v1

Preparation of Degradable Superhydrophobic Mg/P/Z/F/H Composite Materials and Their Anticorrosion

Zhongxian Xi, Chengqing Yuan, Xiuqin Bai, Chun Wang, Anne Neville

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: superhydrophobic surface; degradable; one-step method; Dip-coating; poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)

Online: 26 August 2021 (10:08:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0329.v1

Antimicrobial Face Shield: Next Generation of Facial Protective Equipment against SARS-CoV-2 and Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria

Alberto Tuñón-Molina, Miguel Martí, Yukiko Muramoto, Takeshi Noda, Kazuo Takayama, Ángel Serrano-Aroca

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: face shield; facial protective equipment; SARS-CoV-2; phi 6; MRSA; MRSE; polyethylene terephthalate; benzalkonium chloride; COVID-19; multidrug-resistant bacteria

Online: 16 August 2021 (11:38:49 CEST)

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Transparent materials used for facial protection equipment provide protection against microbial infections caused by viruses and bacteria, including multidrug-resistant strains. However, transparent materials used for this type of application are made of materials that do not possess antimicrobial activity. They just avoid direct contact between the person and the biological agent. Therefore, healthy people can get infected through contact of the contaminated material surfaces and this equipment constitute an increasing source of infectious biological waste. Furthermore, infected people can transmit microbial infections easily because the protective equipment do not inactivate the microbial load generated while breathing, sneezing, or coughing. In this regard, the goal of this work consisted of fabricating a transparent face shield with intrinsic antimicrobial activity that could provide extra-protection against infectious agents and reduce the generation of infectious waste. Thus, a single-use transparent antimicrobial face shield composed of polyethylene terephthalate and an antimicrobial coating of benzalkonium chloride has been developed for the next generation of facial protective equipment. The antimicrobial coating was analyzed by atomic force microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy with elemental analysis. This is the first facial transparent protective material capable of inactivating enveloped viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 in less than one minute of contact, and the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Bacterial infections contribute to severe pneumonia associated with the SARS-CoV-2 infection, and their resistance to antibiotics is increasing. Our extra protective broad-spectrum antimicrobial composite material could also be applied for the fabrication of other facial protective tools such as such as goggles, helmets, plastic masks and space separation screens used for counters or vehicles. This low-cost technology would be very useful to combat the current COVID-19 pandemic and protect health care workers from multidrug-resistant infections in developed and underdeveloped countries.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0162.v1

Influence of N₂ Flows on Sputtered Ta(N) films: Electrical, Structural, Chemical and Optical Properties

Yingying Hu, Md Rasadujjaman, Yanrong Wang, Jing Zhang, Jiang Yan, Mikhail R. Baklanov

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: tantalum nitride; electrical properties; structural properties; elemental composition; spectroscopic ellipsometry; optical properties

Online: 6 July 2021 (17:01:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0183.v2

Structural Origin of Magnetotransport Properties in APCVD Deposited Single and Bi-Layer Tin Oxide Thin Films

Krunoslav Juraić, Matija Čulo, Željko Rapljenović, Jasper Rikkert Plaisier, Zdravko Siketić, Luka Pavić, Mario Bohač, Aden Hodzic, Davor Gracin

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: tin oxide; thin films; atmospheric pressure chemical vapour deposition transport properties; magnetoresistance; impedance spectroscopy; charge carrier mobility

Online: 8 June 2021 (13:55:21 CEST)

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Transparent conducting oxides (TCO) with high electrical conductivity and at the same time high transparency in the visible spectrum are an important class of materials widely used in many devices requiring a transparent contact such as light-emitting diodes, solar cells and display screens. Since the improvement of electrical conductivity usually leads to degradation of optical transparency, a fine-tuning sample preparation process and a better understanding of the correlation between structural and transport properties is necessary for optimizing the properties of TCO for use in such devices. Here we report a structural and magnetotransport study of tin oxide (SnO₂), a well-known and commonly used TCO, prepared by a simple and relatively cheap Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Vapour Deposition (APCVD) method in the form of thin films deposited on soda-lime glass substrates. The thin films were deposited at two different temperatures (which were previously found to be close to optimum for our setup), 590 °C and 610 °C, and with (doped) or without (undoped) the addition of fluorine dopants. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction (GIXRD) revealed the presence of inhomogeneity in the samples, on a bigger scale in form of grains (80–200 nm), and on a smaller scale in form of crystallites (10–25 nm). Charge carrier density and mobility extracted from DC resistivity and Hall effect measurements were in the ranges 1–3 × 10²⁰ cm⁻³ and 10–20 cm²/Vs, which are typical values for SnO₂ films, and show a negligible temperature dependence from room temperature down to -269 °C. Such behaviour is ascribed to grain boundary scattering, with the interior of the grains degenerately doped (i.e., the Fermi level is situated well above the conduction band minimum) and with negligible electrostatic barriers at the grain boundaries (due to high dopant concentration). The observed difference for factor 2 in mobility among the thin-film SnO₂ samples most likely arises due to the difference in the preferred orientation of crystallites (texture coefficient).

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0435.v1

Plasmonic Properties of Bimetallic Quantum Dot Ag@Au Core-Shell Nanostructures Embedded in Non-Absorptive Host Medium

Gashaw Beyene Beyene Kassahun

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: Core-Shell; Spacer; Host-Medium; Bimetallic; Enhancement Factor; Dielectrics Function

Online: 16 April 2021 (10:45:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0141.v1

Preparation and Electron-Beam Surface Modification of Novel TiNi Material for Medical Applications

Sergey G. Anikeev, Anastasiia V. Shabalina, Sergei A. Kulinich, Nadezhda V. Artyukhova, Darya R. Korsakova, Evgeniy V. Yakovlev, Vytaly A. Vlasov, Oleg V. Kokorev, Valentina N. Hodorenko

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: TiNi; high-current pulsed electron beam; porous coating; surface modification; EIS in saline; cell growth.

Online: 5 April 2021 (14:11:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0113.v1

Chromatic Change in Copper Oxide Layers Irradiated with Low Energy Ions

Takuya Kobayashi, Fumitaka Nishiyama, Katsumi Takahiro

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: ion beam; copper oxide; chromatic change; photoemission spectrum; beam viewer

Online: 3 February 2021 (10:38:45 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0532.v1

Preventing Evaporation Products for High-quality Metal Film in Directed Energy Deposition: A Review

Kang-Hyung Kim, Chan-Hyun Jung, Dae-Yong Jeong, Soong-Keun Hyun

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: cavitation bubble; keyhole; nanoparticles; fume; spatter

Online: 26 January 2021 (11:06:59 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0036.v11

Atomic Structure and Binding of Carbon Atoms

Mubarak Ali

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: carbon; atomic structure; electron dynamics; potential energy; forced exertion; atomic binding

Online: 15 January 2021 (12:38:30 CET)

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Many studies discuss carbon-based materials because of the versatility of carbon element. These studies deal with different ideas and discuss them within the scientific scope and application. Depending on the processing conditions of carbon precursor, carbon exists in its various allotropic forms. Electron transfer mechanism is responsible for converting the gaseous carbon atom into the various carbon states named graphite, nanotube, fullerene, diamond, lonsdaleite and graphene. To convert the carbon atom from existing state to a new state, two pieces of dash-shaped typical energy involve transferring filled state electrons to nearby unfilled states. In an electron transfer mechanism, the carbon atom preserves its equilibrium state. Through the involved typical energy, filled state electrons instantaneously and simultaneously transfer to the unfilled states. The involved dash-shaped typical energy has its conserved behavior that is partial. A transferring electron is also under the partially conserved forces. Carbon atoms in graphite, nanotube and fullerene states evolve and develop the structures partially. The structures of one dimension, two dimensions and four dimensions are formed respectively. In the formation of such structures, atoms bind by the pieces of same involved dash-shaped typical energy. The graphite structure under the attained dynamics of atoms only is also formed, but in two dimensions or in amorphous carbon. Here, force and energy, chemical in nature, together contribute. The structural formations in diamond, lonsdaleite and graphene state atoms involve a different shaped typical energy. Such typical energy controls the orientation of electron while undertaking its one additional clamp of energy knot. The involved typical energy has a form like golf-stick. To undertake one additional clamp of energy knot, all four electrons (of the outer ring) in depositing diamond state atom get aligned along the south pole and all four unfilled energy knots (of the outer ring) in deposited diamond state atom get stretched along the east-west poles. In this way, a depositing diamond state atom binds to the deposited diamond state atom from ground to south. Growth is from south to ground, so the structure of diamond is ‘tetra-electron topological structure’. Binding of lonsdaleite state atoms is from ground to a bit south. To nucleate glassy carbon, layers of gaseous, graphite and lonsdaleite state atoms bind simultaneously. To grow glassy carbon, these layers repeat in the binding process. Mohs hardness of the nanostructured and microstructured carbon is also sketched.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0590.v1

Investigation of the Impact of Cold Plasma Treatment on the Chemical Composition and Wettability of Medical Grade Polyvinylchloride

Edward Bormashenko, Irina Legchenkova, Shiri Navon-Venezia, Mark Frenkel, Yelena Bormashenko

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: cold plasma; polyvinylchloride; wettability; hydrophilization; apparent contact angle; contact angle hysteresis; hydrophobic recovery.

Online: 23 November 2020 (14:31:54 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0619.v1

Crystallization of optically thick amorphous silicon films by near-IR femtosecond laser processing

Kirill Bronnikov, Alexander Dostovalov, Artem Cherepakhin, Eugeny Mitsai, Alexander Nepomniaschiy, Sergei Kulinich, Alexey Zhizhchenko, Aleksandr Kuchmizhak

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: amorphous silicon; polycrystalline silicon; thin films; laser-induced annealing; femtosecond laser pulses; Raman spectroscopy

Online: 29 October 2020 (14:44:58 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0164.v1

The Effect of Fossil Fuel and Renewable Energy on Heat Requirement of Plastic and Polycarbonate Greenhouses

Nefise Tezcan

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: Polycarbonate; plastic; greenhouse; heating requirement; geothermal energy; Turkey

Online: 8 October 2020 (09:05:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0014.v1

Enhancement Magneto-optic Properties of Radio-Frequency-Magnetron-sputtered Bi-containing Ferrite Garnet-Type Thin-films using Oxygen plasma treatment and metal-oxide protective layers

V. A. Kotov, Mohammad Nur-E Alam, Mikhail Vasiliev, D. E. Balabanov, V. I. Burkov, Kamal Alameh

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: Bi-substituted; magneto-optic; MCD; Faraday rotation; Figure of merit; imaging; sensing; polarization; Oxygen plasma treatment.

Online: 1 October 2020 (12:21:44 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Influence of Substrate, Process Conditions, and Post-Annealing Temperature on the Properties of ZnO Thin Films Grown by SILAR Method

Bijoy Chandra Ghos, Syed Farid Uddin Farhad, Md Abdul Majed Patwary, Shanta Majumder, Md. Alauddin Hossain, Nazmul Islam Tanvir, Mohammad Atiqur Rahman, Tooru Tanaka, Qixin Guo

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: ZnO thin films; SILAR; IPA dispersant; copper oxide; post-annealing; c-axis orientation

Online: 25 September 2020 (05:38:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0499.v1

Optically Modulated Resistance Switching Polarities in BaTiO₃ Thin Film

Jing Wang, Bailey Bedford, Chanle Chen, Ludi Miao, Binghcheng Luo

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: resistance switching; ferroelectric polarization; oxygen vacancies; thin films; phontoresponse

Online: 21 September 2020 (07:42:10 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0683.v1

Tribology of 2D Nanomaterials: A Review

Paul С. Uzoma, Huan Hu, Mahdi Khadem, Oleksiy V. Penkov

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: friction; wear; 2D nanomaterials; tribology

Online: 30 August 2020 (18:13:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0689.v1

Damping Behavior of Layered Aluminium and Aluminide Coatings on AISI 316 Austenitic Steel

Ennio Bonetti, Enrico Gianfranco Campari, Angelo Casagrande, Giuseppe Catania, Andrea Garzoni

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: aluminide; damping; coating; multilayer

Online: 29 July 2020 (10:15:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0626.v1

Influence of Substrate, Process Conditions, and Post-Annealing Temperature on the Properties of ZnO Thin Films Grown by SILAR Method

Bijoy Chandra Ghos, Md. Alauddin Hossain, Nazmul Islam Tanvir, Shanta Majumder, Mohammad Atiqur Rahman, Md Abdul Majed Patwary, Syed Farid Uddin Farhad

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: ZnO thin films; SILAR; IPA dispersant; copper oxide; post-annealing; c-axis orientation

Online: 26 July 2020 (02:19:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0482.v1

Green Synthesis of Free Standing Cellulose/Graphene Oxide/Polyaniline Aerogel Electrode for High Performance Flexible All-solid-state Supercapacitors

Yueqin Li, Zongbiao Xia, Qiang Gong, Xiaohui Liu, Yong Yang, Chen Chen, Changhao Qian

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: cellulose; graphene oxide; polyaniline; aerogel electrode; supercapacitors

Online: 21 July 2020 (12:29:21 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Fabrication of Ultralow Stress Optical Coatings by Plasma Ion-assisted Deposition

Chun Guo, Mingdong Kong

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: stress; plasma ion-assisted deposition; TiO2 film; SiO2 film; annealing treatment.

Online: 17 July 2020 (09:27:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0274.v1

Growth and Characterization of Polycrystalline Silicon Thin Films for Photocatalytic Splitting of Water in Oxide-Si Tandem Cells

Ali Zahid, Umer Zahid, Aamir Hasan, Muhammad Khuldoon

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: tandem cells; magnetron sputtering; Raman Spectroscopy; X-Ray Diffraction; silicon deposition; Optical Transmission Spectroscopy; photocatalytic conversion; hydrogen production; post-sputtering treatments

Online: 13 July 2020 (00:33:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0213.v1

Adhesion and Stability of Nanocellulose Coatings on Flat Polymer Films and Textiles

Raha Saremi, Nikolay Borodinov, Amine Mohamed Laradji, Suraj Sharma, Igor Luzinov, Sergiy Minko

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: nanocellulose; polymer; coating; textile; adhesion

Online: 10 July 2020 (12:18:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0120.v1

Microstructure and Composition Evolution of a Fused Slurry Silicide Coating on MoNbTaTiW Refractory High-entropy Alloy in High-temperature Oxidation Environment

Jiesheng Han, Bo Su, Junhu Meng, Aijun Zhang, Youzhi Wu

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: refractory high-entropy alloys; fused slurry method; silicide coating; Si-20Cr-20Fe; high-temperature oxidation

Online: 7 July 2020 (09:43:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0344.v1

Morphological Study of Zinc-Oxide Nanorods Grown by Hot Water Treatment Suitable for Solar Cells Conversion Efficiency Enhancement

Mohammad Khairul Basher, S. M. Shah Riyadh, Md. Khalid Hossain, Mahmudul Hassan, Md. Abdur Rafiq Akand, S. M. Amir Al-Zumahi, Md. Abdul Matin, Mohammad Nur-E-Alam, Narottam Das

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: conversion efficiency; energy harvesting or generation; hot water treatment; nanorods; solar cells; surface etching; surface morphology

Online: 21 May 2020 (10:08:55 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0396.v1

Influence of Biocompatible Coating on Titanium Surface Characteristics

Željka Petrović, Jozefina Katić, Ankica Šarić, Ines Despotović, Nives Matijaković, Damir Kralj, Mirela Leskovac, Marin Petković

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: titanium; D3 vitamin; self-assembly; surface coating; calcium phosphates; corrosion properties

Online: 22 April 2020 (08:41:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0367.v1

Artificial Magnetic Pattern Arrays Probed by Polarized Neutron Reflectivity

Dmitry Gorkov, Boris P. Toperverg, Hartmut Zabel

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: neutron reflectometry; neutron polarization; magnetism; magnetic nanostructure; stripe pattern

Online: 25 March 2020 (04:05:00 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0331.v1

Current Status and Future Prospects of Applying Bioinspired Superhydrophobic Materials for Stone Artworks Conservation

Yijian Cao, Antonella Salvini, Mara Camaiti

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: superhydrophobic coatings; self-cleaning; stone artworks; conservation; future prospect

Online: 23 March 2020 (04:02:06 CET)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Electrochemical Investigation of Corrosion Behavior of Epoxy Modified Silicate Zinc-Rich Coatings in 3.5% NaCl Solution

Jintao Wang, Yuhong Qi, Xu Zhao, Zhanping Zhang

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: anticorrosive; zinc-rich; coating; epoxy; silicate emulsion

Online: 23 March 2020 (01:36:57 CET)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Carelessness in Morphology Design Can Affect Organic Coatings Performance

Agnieszka Krolikowska, Leszek Komorowski, Pier Luigi Bonora

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: delamination; cpvc; pigments; fillers; extenders; topography

Online: 13 March 2020 (03:00:02 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0194.v1

Adhesive Properties of Fiber-Reinforced Poly(Ether-Ether-Ketone)Polymer Modified with Helium Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma and Deep-Ultraviolet Light

Seigo Okawa, Norimasa Taka, Yujin Aoyagi

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: fiber-reinforced poly(ether-ether-ketone); surface modification; shear bond strength; surface analtsis

Online: 12 March 2020 (03:49:18 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0061.v1

Synthesis of Aminated Polystyrene and Its Self-assembly with Nanoparticles at Oil/water Interface

Chenliang Shi, Yukun Yang, Ling Lin, Wenjia Luo, Maoqing Deng, Pingya Luo, Yujie Wu

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: Aminated polystyrene; Nanoparticles; Interfacial tension; Self-assembly

Online: 4 March 2020 (10:36:44 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0260.v1

Optical and Chromaticity Properties of Metal-Dielectric Composite-Based Multilayer Thin-Film Structures Prepared by RF Magnetron Sputtering

Mohammad Nur-E Alam, Md Momtazur Rahman, Mohammad Khairul Basher, Mikhail Vasiliev, Kamal Alameh

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: metal-dielectric composites; multilayers; optical coatings; optical properties; color chromaticity; environmental stability

Online: 18 February 2020 (07:00:20 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202001.0372.v1

Self-assembly Synthesis of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for the Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Determination of Testosterone

Kai-Hsi Liu, Danny O’Hare, James L. Thomas James L. Thomas, Han-Zhang Guo, Chien-Hsin Yang, Mei-Hwa Lee

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: testosterone; molecular imprinting; electronically conductive polymer; electrochemical sensing; urine.

Online: 30 January 2020 (15:06:13 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0309.v1

Plasma Electrolysis Spraying Al₂O₃ Nano-coating onto Quartz Fiber for Enhanced Thermal Conductivity and Stability

Aiming Bu, Yongfu Zhang, Yan Xiang, Yunjie Yang, Weiwei Chen, Huanwu Cheng, Lu Wang

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: quartz fiber; Al2O3 coating; plasma electrolysis spraying; tensile strength; thermal conductivity

Online: 23 December 2019 (13:10:46 CET)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Determination of the Ionization Energy and the Electron Affinity of Organic Molecular Crystals from First-Principles: Dependence on the Molecular Orientation at the Surface

Susumu Yanagisaswa

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: organic semiconductor; electronic polarization; GW approximation; electrostatic interaction; molecular orientation dependence

Online: 27 November 2019 (05:18:10 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0020.v1

Covalent Surface Functionalization of Bovine Serum Albumin to Magnesium Surface: Enhancing Robust Corrosion Inhibition and In vitro Osteo-Inductivity

Seo Yeon Lee, Sita Shrestha, Bishnu K Shrestha, Chan Hee Park, Cheol Sang Kim

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: magnesium; Covalent bonds; anti-corrosion; biocompatibility; bovin serum albumin

Online: 3 November 2019 (16:01:41 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0332.v1

Photocathodic Protection of Cobalt Doped ZnO Nanorod Arrays for 316 Stainless Steel and Q235 Carbon Steel in 3.5 wt.% NaCl Solution

Xiong Zhang, Guanghui Chen, Weihua Li, Dianwu Wu

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: cobalt; ZnO; photocathodic protection; corrosion protection

Online: 29 October 2019 (10:30:46 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0310.v1

Impact of Swift Heavy Ion (120 MeV, Ag⁹⁺) on Doped ZnO: Al Thin Film

Lakhmikanta Mishra, Vishvas Kumar, Udai Pratap Singh

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: ZnO:Al; Swift heavy ion; XRD; AFM; Hall measurement

Online: 27 October 2019 (15:40:24 CET)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Effect of Heterointerface on NO₂ Sensing Properties of In-Situ Formed TiO₂ QDs-Decorated NiO Nanosheets

Congyi Wu, Jian Zhang, Xiaoxia Wang, Changsheng Xie, Songxin Shi, Dawen Zeng

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: TiO2 QDs; NiO nanosheets; NO2; quantum size; heterointerface

Online: 9 October 2019 (11:14:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201909.0286.v1

Using Pd Doped γ-Graphyne to Detect Dissolved Gases in Transformer Oil: A Density Functional Theory Investigation

Xiaoxing Zhang, Rongxing Fang, Dachang Chen, Guozhi Zhang

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: pd doped graphyne; dissolved gases; adsorption; density functional theory (dft)

Online: 25 September 2019 (16:01:58 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201908.0261.v1

Manufacture, Applications, and Opportunities of Thin Film Palladium-Silver (PdAg) Alloys: A Review

Alistair F. Holdsworth

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: review; additive manufacuring; thin films; noble metals; catalysis; conductive; hydrogen technology; sensors; fuel cells; 3-D printing

Online: 26 August 2019 (04:55:11 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

High Quality GeSn Layer with Sn Composition up to 7% Grown by Low Temperature Magnetron Sputtering for Optoelectronic Application

Jiayin Yang, Huiyong Hu, Yuanhao Miao, Linpeng Dong, Bin Wang, Wei Wang, Han Su, Rongxi Xuan, Heming Zhang

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: GeSn layer; averaged TDD; magnetron sputtering; p-i-n diode

Online: 25 July 2019 (10:29:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0109.v1

Metallographic Comparison of Copper and Brass Plasma Reactor Electrodes After a Month of Operation

Sebastian Gnapowski, Elżbieta Kalinowska- Ozgowicz, Mariusz Sniadkowski, Aleksandra Pietraszek

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: brass; Cu-Zn-Pb; raids layers; metals; electrode; ozone; plasma reactor

Online: 8 July 2019 (06:13:40 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Porosity Characterization and Its Effect on Thermal Properties of APS Sprayed Alumina Coatings

Wolfgang Tillmann, Omar Khalil, Mohamed Abdulgader

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: atmospheric plasma spray (APS) process; particle size; thermal insulation; thermal barrier coating (TBC); thermal diffusivity; coating microstructure; coating porosity

Online: 3 July 2019 (14:49:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201802.0040.v10

Hard Coating Deposits: Incompatible Working Energy and Forced Behaviors of Gaseous and Solid Atoms

Mubarak Ali, Esah Hamzah, Mohd Radzi Mohd Toff

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: fundamental science; atomic behavior; hard coating; expansion and contraction; energy and force; surface and interface

Online: 31 May 2019 (09:03:14 CEST)

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Coating a suitable material on substrate in thickness of nano to micro metres is a great interest for the scientific community. Hard coatings develop under the significant composition of suitable gaseous and solid atoms, where their energy and forced behaviors under certain transition states favour the binding. In the binding mechanism of gaseous and solid atoms, electron belonging to outer ring (filled state) of gaseous atom undertakes another clamp of energy knot belonging to outer ring (unfilled state) of solid atom. The set process conditions develop the coating of gaseous and solid atoms when energy of non-conservation is involved. Different natured atoms develop the structure in the form of hard coating by locating a common ground point, which is in their central ground points. Here, gaseous atoms increase the potential energy of electrons by decreasing levitational force (at electron level) in a controlled orientating manner, whereas solid atoms decrease the potential energy of electrons by decreasing gravitational force (at electron level) in a controlled orientating manner. Thus, hard coating is deposited under the oppositely switched energy and forced behaviors of different natured atoms. In TiN coating, Ti–Ti atoms bind due to the difference of expansion in their lattices when one atom is deposited and one is being deposited. So, one Ti atom just lands on the already landed Ti atom. While adhering N atom to Ti atom, it occupies the interstitial position in the Ti atoms. The rate of ejecting solid atoms depends on the type of source, parameters and a processing technique. In random arc-based vapor deposition system, depositing coating at substrate depends on several parameters. As per set conditions of the process, different natured atoms deposit at substrate surface to develop the structure of coating. In addition to intrinsic behavior of atoms, different properties of coatings materialised as per the nature of forces engaged under the involved energy. In developing hard coating of gaseous and solid atoms, an involved energy of non-conservation engages force of non-conservation, too. Hence, this study opens new avenues not only in the fields of hard coatings but also in the fields of functional coatings, medical and surgical implant coatings, protective and sensitive coatings, etc.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0241.v1

Investigation of Gold Electrodes Surface Condition of Plasma Reactor

Sebastian Gnapowski, Elżbieta Kalinowska-Ozgowicz, Mariusz Sniadkowski, Aleksandra Pietraszek

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: gold; surface of electrodes; ozone; plasma; raids layer

Online: 20 May 2019 (10:31:34 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0163.v1

Physicochemical Properties of Yttria-Stabilized-Zirconia In-Flight Particles During Supersonic Atmospheric Plasma Spray

Guozheng Ma, Shuying Chen, Jiajie Kang, Haidou Wang, Ming Liu, Qin Zhao, Guolu Li, Pengfei He

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: plasma spray; in-flight particles; molten status; YSZ

Online: 13 May 2019 (14:18:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0022.v1

Enhanced Sol-Gel Route to Obtain a Highly Transparent and Conductive Aluminum-doped Zinc Oxide Thin Film

Mohammad Hossein Nateq, Riccardo Ceccato

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: sol-gel; Al-doped ZnO; hydrolysis; thin film; transparent conductors; resistivity; UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy; figure of merit

Online: 5 May 2019 (12:49:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0016.v1

Analysis, Optimization, and Characterization of Magnetic Photonic Crystal Structures and Thin-film Material Layers

Mikhail Vasiliev, Kamal Alameh, Mohammad Nur E Alam

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: 1D magnetic photonic crystals; multilayer film modelling; modelling of Faraday rotation spectra; MPC optimization; exhaustive computation; materials characterization

Online: 5 May 2019 (11:57:49 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201904.0296.v1

Controlled Surface Wettability by Plasma Polymer Surface Modification

Muzammil Iqbal, Duy Khoe Dinh, Abbas Qasim, Muhammad Imran, Harse Sattar, Aqrab Ul Ahmad

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: polymer surfaces; surface wettability; plasma surface modification; tunable surface wettability; pH-responsive

Online: 26 April 2019 (10:35:01 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Electrical Properties of Low-Temperature Processed Sn-Doped In₂O₃ Thin Films: The Role of Microstructure and Oxygen Content and the Potential of Defect Modulation Doping

Getnet K. Deyu, Jonas Hunka, Hervé Roussel, Joachim Brötz, Daniel Bellet, Andreas Klein

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: ITO; electrical properties; doping limits; modulation doping; thickness dependence; low-temperature processing; in-operando Hall effect

Online: 23 April 2019 (12:13:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201904.0147.v1

Effect of Mg and Nano-TiO₂ on the Marine Protective Properties of Zn-Al Coatings

Kunkun Wang, Shouren Wang, Tianying Xiong, Daosheng Wen, Gaoqi Wang, Wentao Liu, Hao Du

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: Zn-Al-Mg-TiO2 coating; Zn-Al coating; marine anticorrosion; corrosion; friction and wear

Online: 12 April 2019 (10:50:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201904.0129.v1

Factors Affecting Electroplated Semiconductor Material Properties: The Case Study of Deposition Temperature on Cadmium Telluride

Ayotunde A. Ojo, I.M. Dharmadasa

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: Electrodeposition; CdTe film; Two-electrode configuration; thin films, electroplating temperature

Online: 10 April 2019 (12:32:29 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Hard Coating is Because of Oppositely Worked Force-Energy Behaviors of Atoms

Mubarak Ali, Esah Hamzah, Mohd Radzi Mohd Toff

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: fundamental science; atomic nature; hard coating; expansion and contraction; force-energy behavior; surface and interface

Online: 2 April 2019 (12:41:20 CEST)

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Coating of suitable materials having thickness of few atoms to several microns on a substrate is of great interest to the scientific community. Hard coatings develop under the significant composition of suitable-natured atoms where their force-energy behaviors when in certain transition state favour binding. In the binding mechanism of suitable atoms, electron belonging to outer ring filled state of gas-atom undertakes another clamp of energy knot belonging to outer ring unfilled state of solid-atom. Set process conditions develop the binding of different-natured atoms when processing their suitable composition in a system. Atoms of different nature develop structure in the form of hard coating by locating their ground points between the original ones. Here, gas-natured atoms increase the potential energy under decreasing levitational force of electrons, whereas, solid-natured atoms decrease the potential energy under decreasing gravitational force of electrons. In TiN coating, Ti–Ti atoms bind under the difference of expansion of their lattices, called nets of energy knots, where one atom just lands on the already landed atom. An adhered N-atom to a Ti-atom forms its position among four Ti-atoms where N-atom occupies the interstitial site of Ti-atoms. Two oppositely working force-energy behavior atoms deposit in the form of coating at substrate surface as per set conditions of the process. The rate of ejecting (or dissociating) solid-natured atoms depend on the nature of their source (target), process parameters and processing technique. In random arc-based vapor deposition system, depositing differently natured atoms at substrate surface depends on the input power. In addition to intrinsic nature of atoms, different properties and characteristics of coatings emerge as per engaged forces under their involved energy. The present study sets new trends in the field of coatings involving the diversified class of materials and their counterparts.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0138.v2

Effect of Gallium Incorporation on the Properties of ZnO Thin Films

Sema Kurtaran, Serhat Aldağ, Göksu Öföfoğlu

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: Ga-doped ZnO; chemical spray technique; XRD; AFM; Optical properties; Electrical properties.

Online: 5 March 2019 (11:23:31 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201902.0192.v2

Optimization of Process Parameters for Anti-Glare Spray Coating by Pressure-Feed Type Automatic Air Spray Gun Using Response Surface Methodology

Yu-Hui Huang, Lung-Chuan Chen, Huann-Ming Chou

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: Anti-Glare; spray-coating; gloss; haze; response surface methodology

Online: 27 February 2019 (08:56:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201902.0192.v1

Optimization of Process Parameters for Anti-Glare Spray Coating by Pressure-Feed Type Automatic Air Spray Gun Using Response Surface Methodology

Yu-Hui Huang, Lung-Chuan Chen, Huann-Ming Chou

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: Anti-Glare; spray-coating; gloss; haze; response surface methodology

Online: 20 February 2019 (12:13:46 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201902.0144.v1

The Impact of Lubricant Film Thickness and Ball Bearings Failures

Matthew Marko

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: lubrication; ball bearings; roller bearings; failures; L10; film thickness

Online: 18 February 2019 (07:29:17 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201902.0119.v1

The Influence of AlN Buffer Layer on the Structural and Chemical Properties of SiC Thin Films Produced by High-Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering

Nierlly Galvão, Marciel Guerino, Tiago Campos, Korneli Grigorov, Mariana Fraga, Bruno Rodrigues, Rodrigo Pessoa, Julien Camus, Mohammed Djouadi, Homero Maciel

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: HiPIMS; silicon carbide; aluminum nitride; thin film; RBS; GIXRD; Raman spectroscopy

Online: 13 February 2019 (15:33:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201902.0118.v1

Atomic Layer Deposited TiO2 and Al2O3 Thin Films as Coatings for Aluminum Food Packaging Application

Vanessa Dias, Homero Maciel, Mariana Fraga, Anderson Lobo, Rodrigo Pessoa, Fernanda Marciano

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: corrosion barrier; titanium dioxide; aluminum oxide; atomic layer deposition; linear sweep voltammetry; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

Online: 13 February 2019 (15:28:24 CET)

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Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) coatings have been investigated in a wide range of bio-applications due to their biodegradation and biocompatibility properties, that are key parameters for their use in the food packaging and biomedical devices fields. The present study evaluates and compares the electrochemical behavior of the non-coated, commercial resin-coated, TiO2-coated and Al2O3-coated aluminum in commercial beer electrolyte. For this, TiO2 and Al2O3 thin films were deposited on aluminum (Al) substrates using atomic layer deposition (ALD). The evaluation of the corrosion barrier layer properties was performed by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). In addition, profilometry, grazing incidence X-ray diffractometry (GIXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analyses were performed to investigate the physical and chemical properties of the pristine and / or corroded samples. TiO2 and Al2O3 films presented an amorphous structure, a morphology that follows Al substrate surface, and a thickness of around 100 nm. Analysis of LSV data showed that ALD coatings promoted a considerable increase in corrosion barrier efficiency being 86.3% for TiO2-coated Al and 80% for Al2O3-coated Al in comparison with 7.1% of commercial resin-coated Al. This is mainly due to the lower electrochemical porosity, 11.4% for TiO2-coated Al and 20.4% for Al2O3-coated Al in comparison with 96% of the resin-coated Al, i.e. an increase of up to twofold in the protection of Al when coated with TiO2 compared to Al2O3 coated. The EIS results allow us to complement the discussions about the reduced corrosion barrier efficiency of the Al2O3 film for beer electrolyte once SEM and FT-IR analyzes did not show drastic changes in both investigated ALD films after the corrosion assays. The above results indicate that ALD TiO2 and Al2O3 films may be a viable alternative to replace the synthetic resin coatings frequently used in aluminum cans of use in the food industry.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201902.0108.v1

Pronounced Impact of p-Type Carriers and Reduction of Bandgap in Semiconducting ZnTe Thin Films by Cu Doping for Intermediate Buffer Layer in Heterojunction Solar Cells

Waqar Mahmood, Saif Ullah Awan, Amad Ud Din, Sajid Arif, Andrew Thomas, Anwar ul Haq, Nazar Abbas Shah

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: semiconductor thin films; CSS; ion-exchange; XRD; SEM; p-type carriers; band gap; solar cell

Online: 13 February 2019 (10:24:01 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0286.v1

Synthesis of Solution-Stable PEDOT-Coated Sulfonated Polystyrene Copolymer PEDOT:P(SS-co-St) Particles for All-Organic NIR-Shielding Films

Soeun Im, Chanil Park, Wonseok Cho, Jooyoung Kim, Minseok Jeong, Jung Hyun Kim

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: conducting polymer; poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene); PEDOT; core-shell particles; polystyrene; NIR shielding film

Online: 29 January 2019 (04:51:28 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0247.v1

Hidden Reason of Paint System Delamination

Agnieszka Królikowska, Leszek Komorowski, Pier Luigi Bonora

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: delamination; CPVC; pigments; fillers; topography

Online: 24 January 2019 (08:43:20 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0244.v1

Coatings Thickness Determination Using X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy: Monte Carlo Simulations as an Alternative to the Use of Standards

Walter Giurlani, Enrico Berretti, Massimo Innocenti, Alessandro Lavacchi

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: XRF; X-ray fluorescence; thickness determination; thin film; simulation; XMI-MSIM; electrodeposition; Monte Carlo; galvanic industry; electroplating

Online: 24 January 2019 (08:09:27 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0221.v1

Synthesis and Luminescence Properties of Core-Shell-Shell Composites: SiO2@PMDA-Si-Tb@SiO2 and SiO2@PMDA-Si-Tb-phen@SiO2

Lina Feng, Wenxian Li, Jinrong Bao, Yushang Zheng, Yilian Li, Yangyang Ma, Kuisuo Yang, Yan Qiao, Anping Wu

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: 2,5-bis((3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl)carbamoyl)terephthalic acid (PMDA-Si), core-shell composite; core-shel-shell composite; silica shell; photoluminescence; lifetime

Online: 22 January 2019 (12:01:07 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0154.v1

Simple Method of Creating Hydrophobic Surfaces Based on Modified MW-CNTs

Marat Eseev, Andrey Goshev, Sergey Kapustin

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MW-CNTs); xerogel; functionalization; superhydrophobic coatings; contact wetting angle; electrophysical properties; conductivity

Online: 16 January 2019 (07:33:21 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0138.v1

Effect of Gallium Incorporation on the Properties of ZnO Thin Films

Sema Kurtaran, Serhat Aldağ, Göksu Öföfoğlu

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: Ga-doped ZnO; chemical spray technique; XRD; AFM; Optical properties; Electrical properties.

Online: 14 January 2019 (12:11:28 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201802.0040.v8

Hard Coating is Because of Oppositely Worked Force-Energy Behaviors of Atoms

Mubarak Ali, Esah Hamzah, Mohd Radzi Mohd Toff

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: fundamental science; atomic nature and behavior; hard coating; expansion and contraction; force-energy behaviors; surface and interface

Online: 14 January 2019 (11:30:44 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201812.0298.v1

Effect of the Incorporation of Titanium on the Optical Properties of ZnO Thin Films: From Doping to Mixed Oxide Formation

Miriam Yuste, Ramon Escobar-Galindo, Noelia Benito, Carlos Palacio, Oscar Martinez, Jose Maria Albella, Olga Sánchez

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: Ti doped ZnO, Thin film, Co-Sputtering, UV-Visible

Online: 25 December 2018 (08:40:43 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201812.0258.v1

Deep Convolutional Neural Network Applied on Copper Surface Coatings Based on Polyvinyl Alcohol and Silver Nanoparticles

Adriana Samide, Ruxandra Stoean, Cătălin Stoean, Bogdan Tutunaru, Roxana Grecu

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: copper; polymer coatings; polyvinyl alcohol; silver nanoparticles; deep learning; CNN

Online: 21 December 2018 (07:51:06 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201812.0183.v1

Silver Nanoparticle-Based Paper Packaging to combat Black Anther Disease in Orchid Flowers

Bang-on Nokkrut, Sawitree Pisuttipiched, Somwang Khantayanuwong, Buapan Puangsin

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: Black anther disease; Orchid cut flower; Silver nanoparticles

Online: 17 December 2018 (09:45:17 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201802.0040.v7

Hard Coating is Because of Oppositely Worked Force-Energy Behaviors of Atoms

Mubarak Ali, Esah Hamzah, Mohd Radzi Mohd Toff

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: fundamental science; atomic behavior; hard coating; expansion and contraction; force-energy behaviors; surface and interface

Online: 11 December 2018 (11:01:24 CET)

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Coatings of suitable materials having thickness of few atoms to several microns on a substrate have caught the regular attention of scientific community working in various fields of science and technology. Decorative and protective coatings, transparent and insulating coatings, coatings of medical implants and surgical instruments, coatings for drug delivery, ultra-precision machine-tool coatings and coatings for miscellaneous uses are in the routine demand. Different hard coatings develop under the significant composition of suitably different natured atoms where their force-energy behaviors, when in their certain transition states, provide the provision to bind (adhere). In the binding mechanism of different nature suitable atoms, electron (of outer ring) belonging to filled state gaseous nature atom takes another clamp of energy knot (of outer ring) belonging to unfilled state solid-natured atom. Set conditions of the process provide the provision of binding different nature atoms in a technique or method meant for it. Different natures of atoms develop structure in the form of hard coating by locating ground points between their original ones where gaseous nature atoms increase potential energy under the decreasing levitational force at electron-level while the solid atoms decrease potential energy under the decreasing gravitational force at electron-level. Ti–Ti binding occurs through the difference of expansion of their energy knots nets when one atom just lands on the already landed atom while the adhered nitrogen atom incorporates at their interstitial position. Under suitable set parameters, differently natured atoms deposit in the form of coating at substrate surface under the given conditions. The rate of solid-natured atoms ejecting or dissociating from the source depend on its nature, process parameters and the processing technique or approach. In random arc-based vapor deposition system, depositing differently natured atoms at substrate surface depends on the input power. In addition to intrinsic nature of atoms, different properties and characteristics of coatings emerge as per engaged forces under the involved energy. The present study sets new trends in the field of coatings involving the diversified class of materials and their counterparts.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0536.v2

Facile Fabrication of Multifunctional ZnO Urchins

Abinash Tripathy, Patryk Wąsik, Syama Sreedharan, Dipankar Nandi, Oier Bikondoa, Bo Su, Prosenjit Sen, Wuge Briscoe

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: ZnO urchins; nanostructured surfaces; E. coli; superhydrophilic; superhydrophobic; anti-reflective surfaces

Online: 11 December 2018 (09:13:45 CET)

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Functional ZnO nanostructured surfaces are important in a wide range of applications. Here we report facile fabrication of ZnO surface structures at near room temperature with morphology resembling that of sea urchins, with densely packed, μm-long, tapered nanoneedles radiating from the urchin centre. The ZnO urchin structures were successfully formed on several different substrates with high surface density and coverage, including silicon (Si), glass, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and copper (Cu) sheets, as well as Si seeded with ZnO nanocrystals. Time-resolved SEM revealed growth kinetics of the ZnO nanostructures on Si, capturing the emergence of “infant” urchins at the early growth stage and subsequent progressive increase in the urchin nanoneedle length and density, whilst the spiky nanoneedle morphology was retained throughout the growth. ε-Zn(OH)₂ orthorhombic crystals were also observed alongside the urchins. The crystal structures of the nanostructures at different growth time were confirmed by synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements. On seeded Si substrates, a two-stage growth mechanism was identified, with a primary growth step of vertically aligned ZnO nanoneedle arrays preceding the secondary growth of the urchins atop the nanoneedle array. The antibacterial, anti-reflective, and wetting functionality of the ZnO urchins—with spiky nanoneedles and at high surface density—on Si substrates was demonstrated. First, bacteria colonisation was found to be suppressed on the surface after 24 h incubation in Gram-negative E. coli culture, in contrast to control substrates (bare Si and Si sputtered with 20 nm ZnO thin film). Secondly, the ZnO urchin surface, exhibiting superhydrophilic property with a water contact angle ~0°, could be rendered superhydrophobic with a simple silanization step, characterised by a water static contact angle θ of 159° ± 1.4° and contact angle hysteresis ∆θ < 7°. The dynamic superhydrophobicity of the surface was demonstrated by bouncing-off of a falling 10 μL water droplet, with a contact time of 15.3 milliseconds (ms), captured using a high-speed camera. Thirdly, it was shown that the presence of dense spiky ZnO nanoneedles and urchins on the seeded Si substrate exhibited a reflectance R < 1% over the wavelength range λ = 200–800 nm. The ZnO urchins with unique morphology via a facile fabrication route at room temperature, readily implementable on different substrates, may be further exploited for multifunctional surfaces and product formulations.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201812.0004.v1

Wear and Friction of Tungsten-based Coatings of Steel under Sliding Contact

Matthew Marko

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: lubrication; ball bearings; four-ball; tungsten carbide; grease; tungsten disulfide; coatings; surface treatment; friction

Online: 2 December 2018 (10:42:14 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0553.v1

Heat and Hydrothermal Treatment on the Microstructure Evolution of Plasma Sprayed Hydroxyapatite Coatings Reinforced with Graphene Nanoplatelets

Jia Ren, Dong Zhao, Fei Qi, Yongguang Wang, Yao Chen

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: graphene; hydroxyapatite; crystallinity; surface roughness; heat and hydrothermal treatment; plasma spray

Online: 22 November 2018 (15:08:21 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0536.v1

Facile Fabrication of Multifunctional ZnO Urchins on Surfaces

Abinash Tripathy, Patryk Wąsik, Syama Sreedharan, Dipankar Nandi, Oier Bikondoa, Bo Su, Prosenjit Sen, Wuge H. Briscoe

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: ZnO urchins; nanostructured surfaces; E. coli; superhydrophilic; superhydrophobic; anti-reflective surfaces

Online: 22 November 2018 (04:59:37 CET)

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Functional ZnO nanostructured surfaces are important in a wide range of applications. Here we report facile fabrication of ZnO surface structures at near room temperature with morphology resembling that of sea urchins, with densely packed, μm-long, tapered nanoneedles radiating from the urchin centre. The ZnO urchin structures were successfully formed on several different substrates with high surface density and coverage, including silicon (Si), glass, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and copper (Cu) sheets, as well as Si seeded with ZnO nanocrystals. Time-resolved SEM revealed growth kinetics of the ZnO nanostructures on Si, capturing the emergence of “infant” urchins at the early growth stage and subsequent progressive increase in the urchin nanoneedle length and density, whilst the spiky nanoneedle morphology was retained throughout the growth. ε-Zn(OH)₂ orthorhombic crystals were also observed alongside the urchins. The crystal structures of the nanostructures at different growth time were confirmed by synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements. On seeded Si substrates, a two-stage growth mechanism was identified, with a primary growth step of vertically aligned ZnO nanoneedle arrays preceding the secondary growth of the urchins atop the nanoneedle array. The antibacterial, anti-reflective, and wetting functionality of the ZnO urchins—with spiky nanoneedles and at high surface density—on Si substrates was demonstrated. First, bacteria colonisation was found to be suppressed on the surface after 24 h incubation in Gram-negative E. coli culture, in contrast to control substrates (bare Si and Si sputtered with 20 nm ZnO thin film). Secondly, the ZnO urchin surface, exhibiting superhydrophilic property with a water contact angle ~0°, could be rendered superhydrophobic with a simple silanization step, characterised by a water static contact angle θ of 159° ± 1.4° and contact angle hysteresis ∆θ < 7°. The dynamic superhydrophobicity of the surface was demonstrated by bouncing-off of a falling 10 μL water droplet, with a contact time of 15.3 milliseconds (ms), captured using a high-speed camera. Thirdly, it was shown that the presence of dense spiky ZnO nanoneedles and urchins on the seeded Si substrate exhibited a reflectance R < 1% over the wavelength range λ = 200–800 nm. The ZnO urchins with unique morphology via a facile fabrication route at room temperature, readily implementable on different substrates, may be further exploited for multifunctional surfaces and product formulations.

MATERIALS SCIENCE