Engineering

Abstract: The early-stage design process in architecture is critical for shaping conceptual, aesthetic, and functional ideas, and it is also the most influential phase for determining embodied and operational carbon emissions. Key variables such as structure, materials, form, and size are largely established before construction. However, in architectural education, students often prioritize form and aesthetics while underestimating the integration of sustainability concepts needed to reduce carbon emissions. This is particularly evident in relation to acoustics, which can contribute to buildings energy performance, but it is often treated separately from sustainability-oriented design education. In response to this gap, this exploratory pilot educational study examines a design studio exercise to understand how early-stage acoustic design decisions influence the building performance. The study adopts a comparative case-study approach, investigating four comparable student projects developed by 13 students in the Building Utilities 2 course at the American University of Ras Al Khaimah in the United Arab Emirates, which focuses on acoustic and lighting design. A quantitative method is applied to analyze the design studio exercise through building performance simulations. Based on building simulation results, the acoustic design strategies reveal varied outcomes across four projects. Some projects show reduction in total building carbon, and annual energy use intensity, while embodied carbon increases in some cases because of material selection decisions. These findings suggest that acoustic design can support performance-based decision making during the early-design stages within a studio environment. The study also highlights the need for architectural education to integrate sustainability strategies that encourage future architects to consider carbon, energy, material, and acoustic performance together in their design processes. In this way, simulation-based design pedagogy can strengthen students’ understanding of embodied carbon reduction strategies and low-carbon building design.

Abstract: Assessing potential copyright infringement or plagiarism in architectural design requires the systematic comparison of visual information, including building appearance, form, exterior materials, and opening configurations. However, conventional review practices often rely on qualitative expert judgment, which can limit objectivity and repeatability. This study proposes a deep learning-based information extraction and similarity review support system that automatically extracts building image information and supports the retrieval of visually similar buildings, rather than directly determining legal plagiarism. The proposed system consists of data, architecture, exterior material, structural, and frame modules. The data module refines web-crawled images using rule-based filtering, DINOv2 feature extraction, and K-Means clustering. The architecture module combines SAM, ResNet-50, and DeepLabV3+ to identify building objects and extract building regions and contour information. Experimental results showed that 10,026 images were retained as the final database from 42,172 collected images. The ResNet-50 classification model achieved more than 80% Top-1 accuracy, while the DeepLabV3+ segmentation model achieved more than 85% aACC and mACC and approximately 80% mIoU. The findings demonstrate the feasibility of image-based building information extraction as a support framework for architectural design similarity review. Future work should further refine quantitative similarity scoring and its connection to legal assessment criteria.

Abstract: Complex construction processes have many state variables, a lot of redundant monitoring indicators and after occurring process transitions, the relationships between monitoring indicators are not observable. In this study, a 36 dimensional state vector is created, which is an observable digital twin model of construction processes (CP-ODT) that can be used to model schedule deviations, resources loading, component orientations, equipment operating states, work environments in construction, etc. State transitions between different construction phases, such as structural construction, MEP installation, envelope construction, and interior work, are modeled through the use of phase transition matrices. The model takes the observability Gram matrix and assesses which 92 candidate indicators are contributing to identifying each state, and determines which is the minimal set of metrics and where to place sensors, given the cost of the measurements and node failure. A total of 268 days of experimental data were gathered from four building projects for the 7, 936 component hoists, 1, 824 work packages, 124 sensor nodes, and 19.86 million records. Finally, CP-ODT was able to keep 27 metrics and 46 sensor nodes with the minimum eigenvalue of observability Gram matrix improving from 0.011 to 0.058. The error in work package completing time reduced from 1.21 days to 0.54 days, the error in hoisting cycle time reduced from 79.6s to 32.8s, the error in component orientation reduced from 0.94° to 0.39° and the error in equipment load reduced from 8.6KN to 3.7KN compared with the fixed-measurement-point state model. The results show that CP-ODT is able to identify key states in complex construction processes with a small number of measurement metrics and continues to monitor processes in the transitions.

Abstract: Deploying macro-scale Digital Twins (DT) in the AECOO sector requires bridging micro-level engineering precision (BIM) with macro-scale geospatial dynamics (GIS). This review investigates the technological evolution of GeoBIM integration as a foundation for macro-scale DTs based on 2024–2026 developments. Evaluating the idealized paradigm of fully bidirectional DTs, the paper categorizes digital maturity levels (Digital Models, Digital Shadows, and true Digital Twins) across major infrastructure cases, including smartBRIDGE Hamburg, the M-30 Highway, the Zurich City Twin, and Virtual Singapore. Furthermore, university campuses are evaluated as multi-scale urban living labs. An empirical case study of the 72-hectare Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW) campus demonstrates how integrating GIS spatial analyses with parametric BIM models enables diagnostic accessibility modeling, universal design, and urban resilience planning for vulnerable populations. To overcome cross-lifecycle data fragmentation, the DOLCE-grounded BIM-Phase ontology is highlighted for preserving physical element identity across temporal states via OWL 2 DL. Finally, the study outlines technical barriers and development trajectories toward Cognitive Digital Twins (CDT) augmented with Artificial Intelligence and Large Language Models.

Abstract: Showering represents a major component of residential water consumption and domestic hot-water energy demand. Although thermostatic mixing valves (TMVs) are widely used to improve thermal comfort and reduce the risk of scalding, their influence on showering behaviour and associated resource savings remains poorly quantified. This study proposes a conceptual model linking shower duration to temperature adjustment activities, flow interruptions during soaping, and user responses to hydraulic disturbances. Model parameters were estimated through two experimental campaigns involving 40 volunteers and 200 instrumented showers, complemented by an online survey of 1,000 French respondents. Four faucet technologies were compared under controlled laboratory conditions: a thermostatic mixing valve, a mechanical mixer tap, a two-handle mixing tap and a pressure-balance valve. The results showed that TMVs significantly reduced the initial temperature adjustment duration compared with all other faucet technologies, with reductions ranging from 45% to 60%. TMVs also led to significantly lower mixed-water temperatures, averaging 2.05 °C below those observed with conventional faucets. While no significant reduction in total shower duration was observed during experimental testing, the analysis revealed that TMVs substantially decrease adjustment-related activities during showering. The proportion of users interrupting water flow while soaping was estimated at 66%, whereas 41% of respondents reported being affected by hydraulic disturbances in their dwelling. Based on representative French showering conditions, the proposed model predicts annual savings of approximately 1.6 m³ of water and 96 kWh of energy per person. Extrapolation to the French residential building stock suggests a theoretical saving potential of 69 million m³ of water and 4.1 TWh of energy per year. These findings demonstrate that TMVs can reduce the environmental footprint of showering while maintaining user comfort and highlight their potential as a large-scale water- and energy-efficiency measure in residential buildings.

Abstract: The paper presents the results of monoaural and binaural acoustic measurements and speech intelligibility tests conducted in two classrooms representative of typical school buildings in Italy. The sample of two classrooms was selected based on a statistical analysis of reverberation time measurements taken in more than one hundred Italian schools. In the two sample classrooms, measurements were taken both when the room was empty and when it was occupied by pupils. The binaural measurements were conducted on two students who were fitted with special headphones equipped with binaural microphones, with sound sources placed in various positions within the classroom, both in the acoustically untreated classroom (with a long reverberation time) and in the acoustically treated classroom (with a short reverberation time). The results of the speech intelligibility tests conducted on 25 elementary school students confirmed that speech intelligibility improves significantly in the acoustically treated classroom.

Abstract: Urban regeneration is increasingly evaluated not only through physical and economic outcomes but also through residents’ experiences of neighborhood change. This review critically examines empirical research on the relationship between neighborhood environment and residential satisfaction in urban regeneration contexts. Drawing on 64 peer-reviewed studies identified through a structured search of Scopus and the Web of Science Core Collection, the review synthesizes how neighborhood conditions and satisfaction have been conceptualized, measured, and interpreted across different regeneration settings. Six overlapping environmental domains emerge from the literature: housing and infrastructure; accessibility, facilities, and services; public, green, and natural environments; social relations; participation and governance; and maintenance, management, cleanliness, and safety. The evidence shows that physical upgrading alone does not consistently lead to higher residential satisfaction. Its residential effects depend on everyday usability, social relations, participation, management, resident characteristics, regeneration stages, and institutional contexts. The review also identifies persistent conceptual fragmentation, reliance on cross-sectional and perception-based evidence, limited longitudinal comparison, and insufficient attention to nonlinear and heterogeneous responses. Future research should better integrate objective and subjective measures, examine regeneration as a staged process, and strengthen comparative and population-sensitive analysis to support more resident-centered neighborhood planning.

Abstract: Integrating Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) into the Selective Paste Intrusion(SPI) process enables the fully additive fabrication of reinforced concrete structures withcomplex geometries. Previous investigations have demonstrated that the thermal impactof the WAAM process can adversely affect the SPI process. Thus, dedicated coolingstrategies are required. One proposed approach increases the vertical distance betweenthe welding point and the particle bed by introducing a defined vertical protrusion of thereinforcement bar. This configuration may give rise to shadowing effects, here understoodas a process-induced disturbance of material deposition in the vicinity of the protruding bar.Two distinct manifestations are considered in parallel. The first is a geometrically projectedshadowed region within the particle bed, depending on bar diameter and inclination. Thesecond is a layer-wise modification of the contact zone along the lower half of the barsurface within the bond length, largely independent of inclination. To isolate the geometriccomponent from thermal effects, the present study focuses on controlled reinforcementconfigurations with constant vertical protrusion. The working hypothesis is that bondperformance is governed by the combined action of these two mechanisms, with strongereffects at larger bar diameters and lower inclination angles.To assess these effects, reinforcement bars with a constant vertical protrusion of40 mm and varying inclination angles were embedded into the particle bed, and con-crete specimens were produced above them using the SPI process. Bar diameters of8 mm, 16 mm, and 25 mm and inclination angles from 0° to 90° in 15° increments wereinvestigated systematically. Bond strength was determined using push-through testsderived from RILEM RC6, and the bond response was evaluated against both a quantitativemeasure of the projected shadowed area and a process-based indicator of the affectedcontact zone. The bar diameter dominates the bond response, most pronounced at thedeveloped-interlock and capacity levels. The inclination angle produces no monotonictrend from 0° to 90°, and individual angle contrasts remain largely within the experimentalscatter. The projected shadowed area cannot consistently explain the observed behaviourand acts at most as a secondary factor, whereas the layer-wise contact-zone disturbancealong the lower bar surface provides a coherent interpretation of the data. The findingsidentify shadowing as a boundary condition for reinforcement integration in SPI: the layer-wise contact-zone disturbance, not the projected shadowed area, governs the observedbond reduction at the developed-interlock and capacity levels.

Abstract: Indoor exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a major environmental health concern in Northern China, where severe ambient pollution, coal-based district heating, and diverse residential building stocks coexist. Previous studies have been constrained by small sample sizes, limited geographic coverage, and predominantly bivariate analyses. This study presents a large-scale seasonal monitoring campaign covering 48 residences across eight cities in Northern China (Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, Taiyuan, Jinan, Zhengzhou, Xi’an, and Anyang). Paired indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations were measured continuously at 5-min intervals for seven consecutive days in each of four seasons (winter heating, spring transition, summer, and autumn transition), yielding 32,256 hourly observations. Building characteristics, occupant behavior, and meteorological covariates were recorded simultaneously. A multivariable ordinary least squares model with cluster-robust standard errors (R² = 0.879) identified outdoor PM2.5 (β = 0.891, p < 0.001), window-open fraction (β = 0.572, p < 0.001), cooking events (β = 0.049, p < 0.001), and air-purifier operation (β = −0.935, p < 0.001) as the strongest determinants of indoor PM2.5. Building-level infiltration factors (F_inf) averaged 0.28 ± 0.15, with pronounced seasonal and inter-city variability. Outdoor sources contributed 57–69% of indoor PM2.5, peaking during the heating season. Mass balance analysis yielded a median deposition rate of 0.53 h⁻¹ and confirmed that a median air change rate of 0.52 h⁻¹ across all buildings, with window-open periods exceeding 2 h⁻¹. These findings provide robust, multivariable evidence for targeted interventions—including improved envelope airtightness, behavioral guidance on window operation, and expanded air-purifier use—to reduce residential PM2.5 exposure in Northern China.

Abstract: Rural residential buildings in China's Central Plains region suffer from poor envelope thermal performance, resulting in severe thermal discomfort and excessive energy consumption for both winter heating and summer cooling. This study presents a systematic three-in-one envelope retrofit strategy (roof, exterior walls, and windows) tailored to the region's hot-summer/cold-winter transitional climate, utilizing cost-effective materials suitable for rural construction. A typical brick-concrete rural residence in Anyang was selected as the case study building. Field measurements of indoor thermal conditions were conducted over 72 hours in winter to characterize baseline performance. An Ecotect simulation model was developed and calibrated against measured data using actual hourly meteorological observations from Anyang National Meteorological Station for the monitored period; the CSWD Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) file was used for the annual simulation. The proposed retrofit scheme retains the existing 240 mm solid brick walls and adds external insulation consisting of 100 mm EPS panels for walls, 50 mm XPS panels for roofs, and replaces single-glazed windows with 6+12 A+6 insulated hollow glass units. Results demonstrate that the optimized envelope significantly reduces overall heat transfer coefficients: wall U-value decreases from 1.79 to 0.32 W/(m²·K), roof U-value from 2.46 to 0.48 W/(m²·K), and window U-value from 6.40 to 2.40 W/(m²·K). The building passive adaptability index improves from 0.41 to 0.68, and annual heating and cooling energy consumption is reduced by 50.4%. Indoor operative temperature remains within the thermal comfort range for 68% of annual hours, compared to 41% in the baseline building. This study provides validated, region-specific technical parameters and demonstrates that a coordinated three-component envelope retrofit can achieve over 50% energy savings while substantially improving indoor thermal comfort in rural Central Plains buildings. The findings offer practical guidance for large-scale rural building energy retrofitting programs in transitional climate zones of China.

Abstract: Educational and administrative buildings built across the Mediterranean arc during the 1990s often fall short of current energy standards, and their dense, intermittent occupancy patterns complicate retrofit decisions. This study develops an EnergyPlus-based model in DesignBuilder for a three-level teaching and administrative building that combines heavy precast concrete façades with fully glazed, louvre-shaded courtyard walls, to map its weaknesses and test how far passive measures alone can go. Each floor behaves differently: the semi-buried basement loses heat to the ground, the ground floor through its glazed openings, and the first floor through its roof. Analysis of three representative zones shows that glazed area, shading type, and internal loads matter as much as orientation. Seven envelope and solar-control proposals were tested; adding insulation did not always reduce cooling demand, since in a climate with long, hot summers and high internal gains extra insulation can trap heat as easily as it keeps it out. The best combination—replacing the windows, adding overhangs, and swapping horizontal for vertical louvers on the east and west façades—cut annual cooling demand by 6.4% and solar gains by 21.7% on the first floor, with a negligible heating penalty. In buildings of this type, keeping the sun out matters more than adding insulation everywhere.

Abstract: This study innovatively integrates the AHP-TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation method the Coefficient of Determination with model construct(CF)-Random Forest(RF) toadual dimensional "value-risk" assessment framework. This enables a systematic integrated evaluation of the value and geological hazard risks asso-ciated with industrial heritage sites from the Third Front Construction. Taking Lizhou District, Guangyuan City as a case study the research first identified through heritage value quantification and geological hazard zoning, sites “high-value” sites. Subsequently on five “high-risk” “high-value” heritage, and eight “low-risk”, four categories of conservation units were delineated based the “value-risk” matrix, proposing differentiated resilience enhancement pathways. This research not only provides a basis for the scientific conservation and adap-tive reuse of Third Front heritage in Lizhou District but also offers an operational theoretical and practical paradigm for the adaptive management of industrial her-itage in similar mountainous regions.

Abstract: This study employs a multi-method, high-precision research approach to evaluate the thermal comfort performance of a window-based direct evaporative cooling (DEC) air conditioning system installed in a university dormitory building (Building 6, 50 rooms) in Beijing. To compensate for the insufficiency of single-day test data, the study was conducted continuously for 30 days from June 1st to 30th, 2026 (00:00–23:59 daily). The research integrates field physical measurement data, standardized subjective questionnaire surveys (200 questionnaires in total), and advanced computational thermophysiological modeling results based on the frameworks of ISO 7730–2021 and ASHRAE Standard 55–2023. Environmental parameters, including dry-bulb temperature (Ta), relative humidity (RH), air velocity (Va), and mean radiant temperature (Tr), were monitored at eight spatially distributed points with a 10 Hz sampling frequency and a one-hour median resolution. Simultaneously, through confirmatory pre- and post-questionnaires compliant with ISO 10551 and the Appendix B requirements of ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55, data on clothing ensembles, activity levels, and subjective thermal sensation votes (TSV) were collected. The acquired data were input into a customized simulation platform developed in the Fortran language, which employs the Fanger two-node thermoregulation model to accurately calculate and predict the predicted mean vote (PMV), predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PPD), new effective temperature (ET*), and standard effective temperature (SET*). The results indicate that the DEC unit achieved a stable outlet temperature reduction of t =3.87°C (inlet temperature 31.72°C, outlet temperature 27.85°C), with a stable average wet-bulb air temperature was 18.66°C while maintaining a relative humidity of 42.07%—a result particularly crucial for Beijing's high-humidity summer environment.

Abstract: Fashion and textile industry generate substantial volume of waste, during the production phase, as well as in the consumer phase. Textile waste is disposed in the landfills or incinerated, significantly affecting the environment. At the same time, construction industry faces demand to consider different approaches to the conventional formwork systems, which are resource intensive and disposed after the use. Feasibility of the usage of the cut-off knitted textile waste bonded with polymer-cement binder to create the composite formwork for casting concrete and mortar elements is presented in this paper. Experiments are designed with different types of cement-based mixtures to make the textile formwork composite and the polymer-cement mixture. Experimental research tested the bond between two pieces of textile bound by the selected polymer-cement binder and a proposal was given for determining the required overlap length. Obtained testing results for adequate and optimal samples, showed that the recycled textile waste may be used as efficient and low-cost alternative to traditional formwork, while providing flexible and non-prismatic geometrical shapes of the products and reducing the environmental impact.

Abstract: The rapid advancement of digital technologies presents transformative opportunities for 9 promoting sustainable industrial development. This study investigates how data analyt- 10 ics, artificial intelligence (AI), and digital tools can inform innovative policy frameworks 11 within the construction industry. This study adopts a qualitative, multi-source synthesis 12 design that combines a structured literature review, structured policy analysis, and the- 13 matic synthesis of secondary sources. The research examines how data-driven decision- 14 making can enhance sustainability performance, improve occupational safety, and opti- 15 mize resource utilization. The findings contribute to the evolving discourse on sustainable 16 industrialization by illustrating how digital transformation acts as both a catalyst and an 17 enabler of policy innovation. Ultimately, the study proposes strategic pathways for inte- 18 grating data-centric technologies into industrial policy formulation to advance green 19 growth and circular economy objectives within the construction sector.

Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used in construction to forecast duration, monitor progress, prioritise risk, support procurement and logistics, improve supply chain visibility, and compare environmental trade-offs. These applications are often judged by their technical performance, yet that does not show whether, or how, an analytical output changes a project decision. This paper addresses that gap through governed decision translation: the process by which an AI-enabled output is inter-preted, validated, challenged, authorized, assigned for implementation, documented, and reviewed. A structured integrative review with framework synthesis was con-ducted using a ScienceDirect seed stream and targeted Web of Science cross-checks. The 34-study corpus was classified by evidence relevance and appraised across study design, deployment maturity, outcome proximity, and methodological credibility. Most studies focus on forecasting, monitoring, optimization, and decision support. Only one provides clear evidence of implementation in a live project, while two others approach an identifiable project-control intervention pathway. The evidence therefore supports theory building rather than causal claims of performance improvement. The resulting Governed AI Project Controls Framework distinguishes the data and analytical foundations of AI-enabled control from the decision interface, governed translation, authorised intervention, value domains, and subsequent learning. It also separates structural, procedural, and interpretive governance. Productivity related performance is treated as relatively close to intervention, resilience as a dynamic capability, and net-zero-oriented delivery as a more cumulative environmental domain. The evidence supports carbon-, energy-, waste-, and material-aware decisions, but not claims of achieved net-zero delivery. The paper offers a conditional explanation of how AI-supported insights may acquire authority, operational consequence, and accountability in temporary, multi-organisational construction projects, together with propositions, boundary conditions, and observable indicators for empirical testing.

Abstract: To develop an analysis-oriented stress-strain model for prestressed fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP)-confined circular concrete, the differences in path-dependent response between prestressed FRP-confined concrete and actively confined concrete were systematically investigated. Existing experimental data were used to examine the applicability of the stress-path independence and strain-path independence assumptions under different prestressing methods. The results indicate that the continuous filament winding method generally satisfies the stress-path independence assumption, whereas expansive-type methods require consideration of the effect of initial lateral confinement on the axial stiffness of concrete. After removing the initial lateral confinement strain, prestressed FRP-confined concrete exhibits pronounced strain-path dependency relative to actively confined concrete. Accordingly, the peak stress, peak strain, and lateral strain-axial strain relationship were consistently modified, and an iterative computational framework was established to construct a complete stress-strain analytical model. Validation against independent experimental data demonstrates that the proposed model can accurately predict the axial stress-strain response, lateral dilation behavior, and compressive strength, thereby providing a theoretical basis for nonlinear analysis and engineering applications of prestressed FRP-confined concrete members.

Abstract: Construction supply chains are pivotal to circular economy (CE) transitions but remain structurally fragmented, limiting the scalability of resource-efficient solutions. At the same time, digital technologies and life cycle assessment are often deployed in isolation, constraining their ability to enable system-level circularity. Using a theory-building literature synthesis of 141 publications across circular economy, sustainable supply chain management, digitalization, and life cycle sustainability assessment, this study develops an integrated conceptual framework that explains how circular performance can be achieved through the interaction of artificial intelligence (AI), life cycle sustainability assessment (PESI-LCA), and system-level alignment (DCAM). Drawing on an integrative synthesis of sustainable supply chain management, CE, and digitalization research, AI is conceptualized as a dynamic capability for prediction and optimization, while PESI-LCA is positioned as an operationalized LCSA-based con-straint system that embeds environmental, social, and economic criteria into decision architectures. DCAM defines the alignment conditions required across digital infra-structure, circular strategies, business models, and institutional enablers. The framework advances a non-additive logic: circular outcomes emerge only when sustainability constraints shape AI-driven decision-making and when alignment enables coordinated implementation across supply chains. A key contribution is the identification of structural distortion as a failure mode in which digital optimization reinforces linear resource flows. The study advances sustainable supply chain theory and offers testable propositions and governance implications for scaling circular construction systems.

Abstract: This article presents an experimental investigation into the mechanical properties of new laminated bamboo and bamboo-timber hybrid composite materials for construction. A total of thirty-six bamboo and bamboo-timber hybrid composite specimens were manufactured, which include a new configuration that integrates bamboo and pine strips in hybrid bamboo-timber composite members. An interleaved configuration of the hybrid bamboo–timber composites is proposed to enhance stress transfer and interfacial bonding. Such a design can mitigate global hygroscopic and thermal mismatch effects, including composites panel warping and continuous interfacial shear, through redistributing differential strains into small, localized scales. To minimize manufacturing energy demand, cold hydraulic pressing was used to prepare the specimens with bio-epoxy and polyvinyl acetate adhesives (PVA). The list of experimental tests includes compression parallel to the grain, compression perpendicular to the grain, and flexure. The experimental results revealed that the developed bamboo and bamboo-timber composites outperform the reference materials consisting of commercial engineered bamboo and natural softwood. In particular, the average modulus of elasticity of hybrid specimens bonded with bio-epoxy adhesive reaches 11.6 GPa (CoV = 13.8%), which is 40 percent greater than that of the tested commercial engineered bamboo specimens (CoV 15.7%), emphasizing a stiffer and more reliable engineered bamboo. In the case of flexural testing, hybrid bamboo-timber specimens reach the highest modulus of elasticity while the engineered bamboo bio-epoxy test series exhibited a modulus of rupture that was 36% higher than that of the commercial engineered bamboo material with CoV equal to 8%.

Abstract: The construction industry plays a pivotal role in the decarbonization process and the transition toward circular economy models. Within a regulatory framework redefined by the EPBD IV Directive—which introduces Life Cycle Global Warming Potential (LC-GWP) as a mandatory indicator for new buildings—this study analyzes the integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to support design decisions aimed at reducing embodied carbon. Addressing challenges highlighted in the literature—such as platform interoperability, inconsistent Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) quality, and a scarcity of practical case studies—a BIM-LCA workflow was developed using Autodesk Revit and One Click LCA, supplemented by a cloud platform to account for elements not modeled in 3D. The method was applied to the design of a nursery school in the Municipality of Montoro, evaluating six material scenarios in terms of Global Warming Potential (stages A1–A3) and supply costs. The results demonstrate that using materials with high recycled content enables the achievement of Class B ratings with minimal cost increases, while an alternative floor slab system allows for Class A certification and superior environmental performance. The study confirms the effectiveness of the BIM-LCA approach as an operational tool for sustainable public design that complies with EPBD IV requirements.