Search Subject Areas | Preprints.org

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1895.v2

Proton Mechanisms of Neurotransmission and Calcium Signalling for Impulse Initiation, Development and Propagation

Giuliano Molinari

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: lipid membrane; excitable cells; synaptic vesicles; H+ ion; Ca2+ signaling; calcium; binding proteins; signal transduction; G-protein coupled receptors

Online: 6 June 2023 (10:53:32 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0421.v1

Microbial Reprogramming: A Promising Approach for the Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders

Ghizlane Bendriss, Ross MacDonald, Clare McVeigh

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: OCd; obsessive-compulsive disorder; microbiota; gut; gut-brain axis; probiotics; fecal transplants; microbial reprogramming

Online: 6 June 2023 (08:53:21 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0378.v1

Wearable Technologies for Electrodermal and Cardiac Activity measurements: a Comparison between Fitbit Sense, Empatica E4 and Shimmer GSR3+

Vincenzo Ronca, Ana Martinez-Levy, Alessia Vozzi, Andrea Giorgi, Pietro Aricò, Rossella Capotorto, Gianluca Borghini, Gianluca Di Flumeri, Fabio Babiloni

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Electrodermal activity; Photoplethysmography; Consumer wearables

Online: 6 June 2023 (04:27:30 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0360.v1

Behind Mouse Eyes: The Function and Control of Eye Movements in Mice

Eleonora Ambrad Giovannetti, Ede Rancz

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: eye movements; visual system; mouse vision

Online: 6 June 2023 (02:44:55 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1319.v2

Study of Attentional Networks of Alert, Orientation and Executive Control in Bilingual and Monolingual Primary School Children: The Role of Socioeconomic Status

Francesca Federico, Michela Mellone, Ferida Volpi, Margherita Orsolini

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: attention development; socioeconomic status; bilingualism; cognitive development

Online: 5 June 2023 (08:01:58 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0012.v1

Blockade of mGluR5 in Astrocytes Derived From Human iPSCs Modulates Astrocytic Function and Increases Phagocytosis

Izabella B. Q. De Lima, Pablo L. Cardozo, Julia S. Fahel, Juliana P. S. Lacerda, Fabiola M. Ribeiro

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: mGluR5; astrocyte; hiPSC; phagocytosis; TNF-α

Online: 1 June 2023 (03:24:28 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2223.v1

The Impact of Mild Chronic Stress and Maternal Experience in the Fmr1 Mouse Model of Fragile X Syndrome

Enejda Subashi, Valerie Lemaire, Valeria Petroni, Susanna Pietropaolo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Neurodevelopmental disorders; unpredictable stress; ultrasonic communication; Fmr1; maternal care

Online: 31 May 2023 (10:35:35 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2222.v1

Microbiome: The Next Frontier in Psychedelic Renaissance

Robert B. Kargbo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Psychedelic renaissance; Mental health; Therapeutic potential; Gut microbiome; Psychedelic substances; Personalized medicine; Gut-brain axis; Mood regulation; Microbiome-targeted interventions; Psychopharmacology

Online: 31 May 2023 (10:32:05 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2174.v1

Exploitation of Quercetin Antioxidative Properties in Potential Alternative Therapeutic Options of Neurodegenerative Diseases

Viorica Rarinca, Mircea Nicusor Nicoara, Dorel Ureche, Alin Ciobica

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: oxidative stress; neurodegenerative diseases; quercetin; neuroprotective effects

Online: 31 May 2023 (07:11:39 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2069.v1

Antioxidants Prevent Iron Accumulation and Lipid Peroxidation, but do not Correct Autophagy Dysfunction or Mitochondrial Bioenergetics in Cellular Models of BPAN

Alejandra Suárez-Carrillo, Mónica Álvarez-Córdoba, Ana Romero-González, Marta Talaverón-Rey, Suleva Povea-Cabello, Paula Cilleros-Holgado, Rocío Piñero-Pérez, Diana Reche-López, David Gómez-Fernández, José M. Romero-Domínguez, Manuel Munuera-Cabeza, Antonio Díaz, Susana Gonzalez-Granero, José M. García-Verdugo, And José A. Sánchez-Alcázar

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: BPAN; WDR45; antioxidants; autophagy; iron accumulation

Online: 31 May 2023 (03:32:17 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1895.v1

Proton Mechanisms of Neurotransmission and Calcium Signalling for Impulse Initiation, Development and Propagation

Giuliano Molinari

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: lipid membrane; excitable cells; vesicles; H+ ion; Ca2+ signaling; calcium; binding proteins; signal transduction; G-protein coupled receptors

Online: 26 May 2023 (08:55:09 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1894.v1

Analysis of Relation Between Brainwave Activity and Reaction Time of Short-Haul Pilots Based on EEG Data

Bartosz Binias, Dariusz Myszor, Sandra Binias, Krzysztof Cyran

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Aircraft control human factors; Cognitive workload; Data Mining; Electroencephalography; Fatigue; Safety

Online: 26 May 2023 (08:40:35 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1822.v1

Understanding the Role of the Glial Scar through the Depletion of Glial Cells after Spinal Cord Injury

Lucila Perez-Gianmarco, Maria Kukley

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Glial scar; Spinal cord injury; cell ablation

Online: 26 May 2023 (03:11:31 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1673.v1

Microglia Mediated Neuroinflammation: A Silent Contributor to Alzheimer’s Disease

Joja Datta Ripa, Ranjan Roy

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Microglia; Neuroinflammation; Alzheimer’s Disease

Online: 24 May 2023 (02:50:56 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1547.v1

Realization of Amyloid like Aggregation as a Common Cause for the Pathogenesis in Diseases

Soumick Naskar, Nidhi Gour

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Amyloid; Aggregation; Self-assembly; Gene mutation; Disease Pathogenesis; Inborn errors of metabolism

Online: 23 May 2023 (03:35:10 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1447.v1

Cell-type-specific neuroproteomics of synapses

Yun Young Yim, Eric J. Nestler

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Neuroproteomics, synapse, neurological and psychiatric disorders, cell-type specificity

Online: 19 May 2023 (15:40:25 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1406.v1

Brain Endothelial Cells Play a Central Role in the Development of Enlarged Perivascular Spaces in the Metabolic Syndrome

Melvin R. Hayden

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Brain capillary endothelial cell(s)

Online: 19 May 2023 (08:15:17 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1347.v1

Amyloid ß_1–42 Peptide Induces Galectin-1^S8 O-GlcNAcylation to Lead Microglia Migration

Alazne Arrazola Sastre, Miriam Luque Montoro, Francisco LLavero, José L Zugaza

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Amyloid ß1-42 peptide; OGT; O-GlcNAcylation; Galectin-1, Galectin-1Serine 8- O-GlcNAcylation; Gal-1S8A; microglia; migration

Online: 18 May 2023 (12:52:22 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1331.v1

The Central Fluid Percussion Brain Injury in a Gyrencephalic Pig Brain; Scalable Diffuse Injury and Tissue Viability for Glial Cell Immunolabeling Following Long-Term Refrigerated Storage

Mark Pavlichenko, Audrey D. Lafrenaye

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Traumatic brain injury; Axonal injury; Micro pig; Diffuse pathology; Microglia; Aged tissue

Online: 18 May 2023 (10:33:47 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1319.v1

Study of Attentional Networks of Alert, Orientation and Executive Control in Bilingual and Monolingual Primary School Children: The Role of Socioeconomic Status

Francesca Federico, Michela Mellone, Ferida Volpi, Margherita Orsolini

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: attention development; socioeconomic status; bilingualism; cognitive development

Online: 18 May 2023 (10:02:28 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1072.v1

Highly Specialized Mechanisms for Mitochondrial Transport in Neurons: From Intracellular Mobility to Intercellular Transfer of Mitochondria

Marta Zaninello, Camilla Bean

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: cytoskeleton; microtubules; mitochondria, neuron, transport, TNTs, mitochondrial transplantation

Online: 16 May 2023 (03:50:58 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0848.v1

Selective Block of Upregulated Kv1.3 Potassium Channels in ON-Bipolar Cells of the Blind Retina Enhances Optogenetically Restored Signaling

Sonja Kleinlogel, Giulia Schilardi, Jakub Kralik

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: ON-Bipolar cells; optogenetic gene therapy; Kv1.3 channel; Psora-4; retinal degeneration; vision restoration; Opto-mGluR6; patch clamp; multi-electrode array recordings.

Online: 11 May 2023 (11:34:36 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0730.v1

Next Generation Probiotics Relevance to Neurodegenerative Diseases: Novel Therapeutic Perspective

Mingxia Bi, Chang Liu, Yulin Wang, Shuang-Jiang Liu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Gut microbiome; neurodegenerative diseases; next-generation probiotics; Clostridium butyricum; Akkermansia muciniphila; Faecalibacterium prausnitzii; Bacteroides fragilis

Online: 10 May 2023 (10:06:06 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0673.v1

Effects of UHDR and Conventional Irradiation on Behavioral and Cognitive Performance and the Percent Ly6G+ CD45+ Cells in the Hippocampus

Ariel Chaklai, Pamela Canaday, Abigail O'Niel, Francis A. Cucinotta, Austin Sloop, David Gladstone, Brian Pogue, Rongxiao Zhang, Jacob Sunnerberg, Alireza Kheirolla, Charles R. Thomas, P. Jack Hoopes, Jacob Raber

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: FLASH; UHDR; hippocampus; behavioral performance; cognitive performance; flow cytometry

Online: 10 May 2023 (03:00:53 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0481.v1

The Food-Crushing Reflex, and Its Inhibition

Lauri Henrikki Vaahtoniemi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: vertebrate evolution; mesencephalic nucleus; primary afferent neuron; jaw movements; dental formulas; chewing reflexes; dental occlusion; brain stem; premaxilla; trigeminal nerve

Online: 8 May 2023 (08:47:47 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Background: Anterior-tooth (ANT) contacts induce short latency reflex inhibition of human jaw-closing muscles. Coincidental to the advent of vertebrate jaw, the mesencephalic ganglion (Vmes), neural myelin sheath, and muscle spindles also evolved to improve the velocity of proprioceptive and withdrawal reflexes. The vertebrate jaw is a rigid class 1 lever for pinpoint-targeting muscle force into a single bite-point, the pivoting food particle. See-saw reflex movements around the food particle fulcrum multiplicate the food-crushing force. Unpredictable jolts of reaction force are caused for the rostral and the two articulate ends of the jaw triangle. Compression/distraction strains of the three ends of jaw must be monitored and inhibited by ipsilateral withdrawal reflexes. Hypothesis: For food-crushing, the spindles of the taut motor units, stretched by the food-fulcrum send monosynaptic, excitatory feed for the ipsilateral, homonymous motor efferent neurons, via Vmes. In the Vmes, the spindle-inputs are coupled with excitatory feed from back-tooth (BAT) mechanoreceptors. The summated excitatory pulses are targeted precisely for the stretched motor units only. The afferent feed from ANT mechanoreceptors is also coupled with concomitant feed from spindles in the Vmes. The ANT feed, however, is inhibitory to negate the excitatory feed from stretched jaw-muscle units. The inhibitory feed from ANT protects the teeth and jaw-joints from inadvertent strains. Inhibitory inputs from ANT alternating with excitatory feed from BAT determine which jaw-closing muscle units are activated or inhibited at any given instant of food-crushing. The monosynaptic unilateral food-crushing reflexes (UFCR) overrun the coexisting bilaterally executed feed for jaw muscles from the central nervous system. Conclusion: The UFCR combines the monosynaptic food-crushing-reflex and its reciprocal inhibition. The UFCR is universally conserved for probably all jawed vertebrates.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0448.v1

A Custom Solution for Acoustic Startle Response Setup With Spike2-Based Data Acquisition Interface

Arseniy Pelevin, Natalia Kurzina, Vladislav Zavialov, Anna Volnova

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: acoustic startle response (ASR); prepulse inhibition (PPI); attention; Spike2 script

Online: 8 May 2023 (04:58:10 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0441.v1

Unlocking the Beat: Dopamine and eyeblink response to classical music

Leigh martin Riby, Sam Fenwick, Dimana Kardzhieva, Beth Allan, Deborah McGann

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: dopamine; eye blinks; emotion; mood; attention; music; classical music

Online: 8 May 2023 (04:37:13 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0394.v1

Stop Eating Brain: The Role of the Cerebellum in Satiation

Claudia Sierzputowski, Maria Ferrol, Matthew Pardillo, Adriana LaVarco, Samantha Zorns, Julian Paul Keenan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Cerebellum; Satiation; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; TMS

Online: 6 May 2023 (08:45:06 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0245.v1

The Domestic Chick as an Animal Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD); Developmental Homology Gives Validity

Toshiya Matsushima, Giorgio Vallortigara

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: autism spectrum disorder; chick; valproic acid; nicotinic acetylcholine receptors; biological motion; face; animacy; thyroid hormone; bumetanide

Online: 4 May 2023 (09:07:03 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0074.v1

Deep Characterization of a Greek Patient With a Desmin-Related Myoﬁbrillar Myopathy and Cardiomyopathy

Constantinos Papadopoulos, Edoardo Malfatti, Corinne Metay, Boris Keren, Elodie Lejeune, Julien Buratti, Sophia Xirou, Margarita Chrysanthou-Piterou, George K Papadimas

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: desmin; myofibrillar myopathy; cardiomyopathy; ribonucleic acid sequencing

Online: 2 May 2023 (08:45:01 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0050.v1

P2x7 Receptor and Extracellular Vesicle Release

Maria Teresa Golia, Martina Gabrielli, Claudia Verderio

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: P2X7 receptor; extracellular vesicles; inflammation; neurodegeneration

Online: 2 May 2023 (03:54:14 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0045.v1

The Neurobiology of Methamphetamine Addiction and Ways to Reduce Misuse through Vaccines

Phoebe Mathew, Karndeep Kaur, Savita Prasad, Maria Tian

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: methamphetamine; epidemic; vaccinations

Online: 2 May 2023 (03:14:21 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0024.v1

Polyamines (PAs) Are Unique in Their Potential to Interact with DNA and RNA but They Do Not Provide a Relevant Buffer System at Physiological pH Values

Julian Rieck, Christian Derst, Rüdiger W. Veh

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Key Words Putrescine; spermidine; spermine; tri-lysine; tetra-lysine; penta-lysine; DNA-conformation; RNA-conformation; indirect buffer system

Online: 1 May 2023 (10:50:20 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0004.v1

Neuroprotective Effects of a Serotonin Receptor Peptide Follow-ing Sham vs. Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in the Zucker Rat

Mihal Grinberg, Julia Burton, Kevin CH Pang, Mark B Zimering

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: neurodegeneration; traumatic brain injury; Zucker rat; Autoantibodies; serotonin 2A receptor

Online: 1 May 2023 (03:09:43 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Aims: Anxiety, major depressive disorder and accelerated cognitive decline frequently complicate traumatic brain injury. Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus drive peripheral inflammation which can accelerate traumatic brain injury-associated neurodegeneration. The Zucker rat harbors G-protein coupled receptor agonist IgG autoantibodies and in vitro neurotoxicity caused by these autoantibodies was prevented by a novel synthetic fragment of the serotonin 2A receptor. The aim of the present study was to test whether genetic obesity manifested in Zucker diabetic fatty rat is associated with anxiety, depression and spatial memory impairment induced by mild traumatic brain injury. Furthermore, we investigated whether these neurobehavioral or neurodegenerative complications can be lessened by administration of a novel putative neuroprotective peptide. Methods: Age-matched lean and fatty diabetic Zucker rats were tested in the sucrose preference test (anhedonia), open field test in bright light (anxiety measure) and the Morris water maze (spatial memory) prior to receiving a sham-injury or lateral fluid percussion (LFP) mild traumatic brain injury. Behavioral testing was repeated at 1-week, 1-month, and 3-month intervals following injury. A synthetic peptide consisting of a portion of the 5- hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) 2A receptor (2 mg/kg) (or vehicle) was administered via intraperitoneal route every other day for 7 days after sham or LFP injury to lean rats or 7 days before and after sham or LFP injury to fatty rats. Results: Sucrose preference decreased transiently (one week after mild traumatic brain injury) in Zucker lean rats indicative of anhedonia. Baseline anxiety-like behavior (bright light, open field test) was lower in fatty vs. lean Zucker rats, and anxiety behavior increased significantly in fatty rats but not lean rats following mild traumatic brain injury. Mild traumatic brain injury impaired recall of spatial memory in fatty and lean rats, and the effect was longer-lasting in fatty rats. A synthetic peptide fragment of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor enhanced recall of spatial learning one-week after sham injury in Zucker rats and it may have prevented ‘anhedonia’ one-week after TBI (LFP) in a subset of Zucker fatty and lean rats expressing near-normal baseline sucrose preference. Mean plasma 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor autoantibody level (determined 2 weeks after injury) was 2.5-fold higher than background, but did not differ significantly in (sham- vs TBI) Zucker lean rats. Conclusions: These are the first data to suggest reduced baseline anxiety-like behavior in Zucker fatty (vs. lean) rats. The pronounced increases in anxiety , and spatial memory impairment experienced by Zucker fatty (vs lean) rats following mild traumatic brain injury may have accounted in part for absence of a 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor peptide neuroprotective effect in brain- injured Zucker fatty rats.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.1129.v1

Neurobehavioral Effects of Fermented Rice Bran Extract in Zebrafish Larvae Model

Jin sil Chae, Seong soon Kim, Kyu-Seok Hwang, Hyemin Kan, Jung Yoon Yang, Byunghoi Lee, Dae-Seop Shin, ByoungHee Park, Myung Ae Bae

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Rice bran fermentation; Niacin; Behavior; Neural activity; Neurochemistry; Zebrafish

Online: 28 April 2023 (07:10:17 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.1118.v1

Novel Genetic Variants Expand the Functional, Molecular and Pathological Diversity of KCNA1 Channelopathy

Kelsey Paulhus, Edward Glasscock

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: KCNA1; Kv1.1; epilepsy; episodic ataxia; myokymia; SUDEP; respiration; genetic modifiers; musculoskeletal; nystagmus

Online: 28 April 2023 (04:59:32 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.1093.v1

Microglial Responses to Stress-Induced Depression: Causes and Consequences

Ruqayya Afridi, Kyoungho Suk

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: chronic stress; depression; microglia; neuroinflammation; proinflammatory cytokines

Online: 28 April 2023 (03:28:05 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.1084.v1

The Midbrain Preisthmus: A Poorly Known Effect of the Isthmic Organizer

Luis Puelles, Matias Hidalgo Sánchez

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Preisthmus; isthmus; midbrain; isthmic organizer; patterning; FGF8; WNT1; Otx2

Online: 28 April 2023 (02:40:44 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.1069.v1

Dopamine Receptor Ligand Selectivity - An In Silico / In Vitro Insight

Lukas Zell, Alina Bretl, Veronika Temml, Daniela Schuster

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: dopamine receptor; subtype selectivity; GPCR; in silico; molecular docking; secondary binding pocket; in vitro; HTRF

Online: 27 April 2023 (10:10:51 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0973.v1

Therapeutic Potential of Vitamins in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease with the Compromised Status of the Vitamin-Dependent Processes

Victoria Bunik

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: vitamin B1; vitamin B6; vitamin B3; pyridoxal-5’-phosphate; thiamine diphosphate; NAD+, mutation in vitamin-binding protein; Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease; DHTKD1; PDK3; PDXK

Online: 26 April 2023 (08:33:26 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0762.v1

Fish Personality: Meta-Theoretical Issues, Personality Dimensions, and Applications to Neuroscience and Psychopathology

Ana Carolina Luchiari, Caio Maximino

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Behavioral syndromes; Fish personality; Neural bases of personality; Evolution of personality

Online: 23 April 2023 (04:17:20 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0612.v1

Optogenetic and Chemogenic Control of Pain Signaling: Molecular Markers

Josue Vidal Espinosa-Juárez, Erwin Chiquete, Bruno Estañol, José de Jesús Aceves

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Pain; Vglut2; optomodulation; chemogenetic

Online: 20 April 2023 (05:46:06 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0418.v2

Long Covid, POTS, and ME/CFS: Lifting the Fog

Patrick Chambers

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: homocysteine; MTHFR; circumventricular organ; magnesium; vitamin D; CD147

Online: 17 April 2023 (10:30:13 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint TECHNICAL NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0352.v1

Modeling Neurodegenerative/Neurodevelopmental Disorders using Human-Derived Pluripotent Stem Cells

Kaivalya Shevade

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: hiPSC; Differentiation; Neurons; Disease Modeling; dual SMAD inhibition; NGN2 overexpression

Online: 14 April 2023 (05:02:28 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0324.v1

Effects of Twins Therapy on Egocentric and Allocentric Neglect in Stroke Patients

Woo-Hyuk Jang, Hyeong- Min Hwang, Jae-Yeop Kim

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Egocentric neglect; Allocentric neglect; Stroke; Rehabilitation; Twins Therapy

Online: 13 April 2023 (12:44:13 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0224.v1

(Endo)Cannabinoids and Cognitive Functions in Animals: Healthy and Pathological Brain

Valentina Kitchigina

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: endocannabinoid system; cognition; neurotransmitters; CB receptors; endocannabinoid catabolism; Alzheimer's disease; tempral lobe epilepsy; protection

Online: 11 April 2023 (10:56:55 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0418.v1

LC, POTS, and ME/CFS: Lifting the Fog

Patrick Chambers

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: homocysteine; MTHFR; circumventricular organ; magnesium; vitamin D; CD147

Online: 24 March 2023 (01:22:39 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0452.v2

Inferring Neurocognition and Intelligence using Brain MRI

Mohammad Arafat Hussain, Ellen Grant, Yangming Ou

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Neurocognition; MRI; Intelligence; Brain

Online: 3 March 2023 (02:44:38 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0452.v1

Inferring Neurocognition and Intelligence using Brain MRI

Mohammad Arafat Hussain, Ellen Grant, Yangming Ou

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Neurocognition, MRI, Intelligence, Brain

Online: 27 February 2023 (07:13:16 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0187.v1

Association of Cognitive Deficit with Glutamate and Insulin Signaling in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease

Ana Knezovic, Marija Piknjac, Jelena Osmanovic Barilar, Ana Babic Perhoc, Davor Virag, Jan Homolak, Melita Salkovic-Petrisic

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Parkinson’s disease; 6-hydroxydopamine; cognitive deficit; insulin; glutamate

Online: 11 January 2023 (01:42:35 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0332.v1

Precise Spiking Motifs in Neurobiological and Neuromorphic Data

Antoine Grimaldi, Amélie Gruel, Camille Besnainou, Jean Martinet, Laurent Udo Perrinet

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: spikes; asynchronous computing; neurobiology; computational neuroscience; neuromorphic engineering; heterogeneous delays; spiking motifs; polychronization.)

Online: 17 November 2022 (09:57:13 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0210.v1

Maternal Obesity and Gut Microbiota Are Associated With Fetal Brain Development

Sanjay Basak, Ranjit Kumar Das, Antara Banerjee, Sujoy Paul, Surajit Pathak, Asim K. Duttaroy

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Obesity; gut microbiota; placenta; brain development; fatal development

Online: 14 October 2022 (10:15:21 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0224.v1

Recognizing and Distinguising the Phenomenon Referred to as Meningioma

Bruce M. Rothschild

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: meningioma; hemangioma; cranial pathology; porotic hyperostosis; differential diagnosis; osteosarcoma

Online: 14 July 2022 (12:29:05 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0303.v2

The Mechanism of Methylmercury Permeation Through the Blood-Brain Barrier using Caenorhabditis Elegans

Zehra Jaffery

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Methylmercury; Alzheimer’s; Parkinson’s; Blood-Brain Barrier; L-Cysteine; Neurotoxicity

Online: 23 June 2022 (04:26:46 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Methylmercury is a neurotoxin present in fish tissues that permeates the blood-brain barrier after consumption. Previous research has shown that methylmercury is harmful to neurons, causing pH alterations, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and parenchymal damage. Methylmercury is a known factor of neurological disorders including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. The method by which methylmercury passes through the blood-brain barrier is largely unknown. According to preliminary studies, one way methylmercury crosses the blood-brain barrier is by creating a complex with L-Cysteine, which facilitates its passage by the LATs system through mimicking another amino acid existing in the body. The human blood-brain barrier was studied using C. elegans as a model organism. It was hypothesized that if methylmercury passes through the blood-brain barrier of C. elegans faster with L-Cysteine present than without L-Cysteine present, the methylmercury's adverse effects (death and locomotive difficulty) will occur sooner. Each of the four experimental groups contained one C. elegans: the control, the L-Cysteine group, the methylmercury group, and the methylmercury and L-Cysteine combination group. The effects of L-Cysteine and methylmercury on C. elegans were studied using three metrics: viability, locomotive disability, and time for locomotive effects to occur. The group that received both methylmercury and L-Cysteine had reduced viability rates and a decreased time for locomotive difficulty to develop, supporting the hypothesis. These findings suggest that L-Cysteine aids methylmercury permeation through the blood-brain barrier. Because the experiment indicates how methylmercury penetrates the blood-brain barrier, these results aid in finding a therapeutic solution to reverse methylmercury neurotoxicity in the brain. Additionally, this study further opens channels into potential therapeutic and preventative measures for dementia, improving morbidity and mortality in neurodegenerative diseases.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0303.v1

The Mechanism of Methylmercury Permeation Through the Blood-Brain Barrier using Caenorhabditis elegans

Zehra Jaffery

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Methylmercury; Alzheimer’s; Parkinson’s; Blood-Brain Barrier; L-Cysteine; Neurotoxicity

Online: 22 June 2022 (03:59:59 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Methylmercury is a neurotoxin present in fish tissues that permeates the blood-brain barrier after consumption. Previous research has shown that methylmercury is harmful to neurons, causing pH alterations, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and parenchymal damage. Methylmercury is a known factor of neurological disorders including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. The method by which methylmercury passes through the blood-brain barrier is largely unknown. According to preliminary studies, one way methylmercury crosses the blood-brain barrier is by creating a complex with L-Cysteine, which facilitates its passage by the LATs system through mimicking another amino acid existing in the body. The human blood-brain barrier was studied using C. elegans as a model organism. It was hypothesized that if methylmercury passes through the blood-brain barrier of C. elegans faster with L-Cysteine present than without L-Cysteine present, the methylmercury's adverse effects (death and locomotive difficulty) will occur sooner. Each of the four experimental groups contained one C. elegans: the control, the L-Cysteine group, the methylmercury group, and the methylmercury and L-Cysteine combination group. The effects of L-Cysteine and methylmercury on C. elegans were studied using three metrics: viability, locomotive disability, and time for locomotive effects to occur. The group that received both methylmercury and L-Cysteine had reduced viability rates and a decreased time for locomotive difficulty to develop, supporting the hypothesis. These findings suggest that L-Cysteine aids methylmercury permeation through the blood-brain barrier. Because the experiment indicates how methylmercury penetrates the blood-brain barrier, these results aid in finding a therapeutic solution to reverse methylmercury neurotoxicity in the brain. Additionally, this study further opens channels into potential therapeutic and preventative measures for dementia, improving morbidity and mortality in neurodegenerative diseases.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0242.v1

A Single Postoperative Application of Defocused Low-Energy ESWT Does Not Significantly Enhance Regeneration of the Rat Median Nerve Following Reconstruction with Autologous Nerve Grafts or Muscle-In-Vein Conduits

Johannes Christoph Heinzel, Viola Oberhauser, Claudia Keibl, Barbara Schädl, Nicole Victoria Swiadek, Gregor Längle, Helen Frick, Cyrill Slezak, Cosima Prahm, Johannes Grillari, Jonas Kolbenschlag, David Hercher

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: nerve repair; median nerve; rat; autologous nerve graft; muscle-in-vein conduit; extracorporeal shock wave therapy; grasping test; gait analysis; CatWalk, nerve regeneration

Online: 17 June 2022 (03:17:43 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0268.v1

Genetic Regulation of Central Synapse Formation and Organization in Drosophila melanogaster

Juan Carlos Duhart, Timothy J. Mosca

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: synapse; central nervous system; drosophila; synaptogenesis; genetics; development; active zones

Online: 18 March 2022 (11:54:51 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

A key goal of modern neuroscience involves understanding how connections in the brain form and function. Such a knowledge is essential to better inform how defects in the exquisitely complex steps of nervous system growth underlie neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. In the last 40 years, studies of the nervous system in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster enabled the discovery of a wealth of molecular and genetic mechanisms that drive the development of these synaptic connections – specialized cell-to-cell connections that are the essential substrate for information flow and processing in the nervous system. The major driver of knowledge focused on studies at the neuromuscular junction due to its ease of examination. Analogous studies in the central nervous system lagged behind due to a lack of genetic accessibility of specific central neuron classes, appropriate synaptic labels compatible with cell-type specific access, and high resolution, quantitative imaging strategies. However, understanding how synapses in central circuits form remains a prerequisite to understanding brain development. In the last decade, a host of new tools and techniques made possible the extension of genetic studies of synapse organization into central circuits and greatly enhanced our understanding of central synapse formation, organization, and maturation. In this review, we consider the current state-of-the-field, focusing on two major elements. We first discuss the tools, technologies, and strategies developed to visualize and quantify synapses in vivo in genetically identifiable neurons of the Drosophila CNS. Second, we explore in depth how these tools enabled a clearer understanding of synaptic development and organization in different circuits of the fly brain and discovered novel molecular mechanisms that underlie synapse formation. These studies establish multiple brain regions in the fly as powerful in vivo genetic models that offer novel insights into synaptogenic regulators and mechanisms of neural development.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0136.v1

Impact of Maternal Immune Activation Early in Pregnancy on Brain Development of Offspring: A Combined Morphological, Spectroscopic, and Behavioral Study

Lani Cupo, Elisa Guma, Daniel Gallino, Kristie Mar, Caitlin Fowler, Masoumeh Dehghani, Jamie Near, Gabriel Devenyi, Mallar Chakravarty

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: structural MRI; MRS; maternal immune activation; altered trajectories

Online: 10 March 2022 (03:06:59 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Serological human birth cohort studies have identified maternal infection during pregnancy as a risk factor for development of disorders such as Autism Spectrum Disorder and schizophrenia in offspring. Similarly, in experiments using animal models, maternal immune activation (MIA) has been shown to alter neuroanatomical and behavioral development in offspring. This study employs magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in conjunction with behavioral assays to refine our understanding of the impact of MIA on neurobiological development in exposed animals. On gestational day nine, pregnant dams were injected with either polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (POL) to induce MIA or saline (SAL) as a control. Whole-brain MRI, localized proton MRS, and behavioral tests (open field, three chambered social approach, and prepulse inhibition) were acquired at two timepoints, during adolescence (postnatal day [PND] 35) and adulthood (PND 60). Whole-brain voxel-wise volumetric analyses revealed that MIA offspring exhibited altered volume in the hippocampus and caudate putamen (CPu) between adolescence and early adulthood. MRS data were assessed at each timepoint separately; MIA offspring during early adulthood but not adolescence exhibited trending reductions in γ-aminobutyrate (GABA) (p = 0.06) and myo-inositol (Ins) (p = 0.08) compared to saline controls. However, these metabolite differences did not reach levels of significance, even before multiple comparison corrections. Open field testing revealed that during adolescence, MIA offspring displayed a more anxious phenotype than controls wherein they spent less time in the anxiogenic center zone of the open field arena (p < 0.007), but this difference normalized by adulthood. There were no significant differences in sociability preference, novelty preference, or prepulse inhibition comparing the groups. Results suggest that early gestational exposure to MIA results in subtle neuroanatomical changes in the trajectories of development, trending behavioral changes in adolescent offspring, and slight neurochemical changes in young adult offspring. Maternal infection alone may not be enough; additional genetic or environmental risk factors may be required to elicit the more typical symptoms of neuropsychiatric disorders.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0198.v1

Does Bisphenol A Confer Risk of Neurodevelopmental Disorders? What We’ve Learned from Developmental Neurotoxicity Studies in Animal Models

Chloe Welch, Kimberly Mulligan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Bisphenol A; endocrine disruptors; neurodevelopmental disorder; neural stem cell development; synaptogenesis; synaptic plasticity; behavior

Online: 17 February 2022 (02:22:38 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0206.v1

Computational Models in Neurosciences Between Mechanistic and Phenomenological Characterizations

Christophe Gauld, Cédric Brun, Thomas Boraud, Mallory Carlu, Damien Depannemaecker

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Computing Methodologies; Computer Simulation; Models, Biological; Models, Theoretical; Theoretical neurosciences

Online: 14 January 2022 (11:28:41 CET)

Show abstract| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0175.v2

Surround Modulation Properties of Tectal Neurons in Pigeon Characterized by Moving and Flashed Stimuli

Xiaoke Niu, Shuman Huang, Minjie Zhu, Zhizhong Wang, Li Shi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: surround suppression; extra-classical receptive field; optic tectum; size tuning

Online: 10 December 2021 (14:29:15 CET)

Show abstract| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0175.v1

Surround Modulation Properties of Tectal Neurons in Pigeon Characterized by Moving and Flashed Stimuli

Xiaoke Niu, Shuman Huang, Minjie Zhu, Zhizhong Wang, Li Shi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: surround suppression; extra-classical receptive field; optic tectum; size tuning

Online: 10 December 2021 (12:22:39 CET)

Show abstract| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0233.v1

A Wireless Animal Robot Stimulation System Based on Neuronal Electrical Signal Characteristics

Rui Yan, Ruituo Huai

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: animal robots; neuronal electrical signal; electrical stimulation; Direct Digital Synthesis algorithm

Online: 12 November 2021 (15:15:25 CET)

Show abstract| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0303.v1

Synthetic Criticality in Cellular Brains

Ricard Sole, Nuria Conde, Antoni Guillamon, Victor Maull, Jordi Pla, Josep Sardanyes, Blai Vidiella

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: criticality; evolution; brains; behavior; cells; gene networks

Online: 21 October 2021 (09:47:37 CEST)

Show abstract| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0019.v1

Evolution of Synapses and Neurotransmitter Systems: The Divide-and-Conquer Model for Early Neural Cell-Type Evolution

Pawel Burkhardt, Gáspár Jékely

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: choanoflagellates; sponges; ctenophores; placozoans; cnidarians; synapse; neuron evolution; neuropeptides

Online: 1 October 2021 (12:44:15 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Working Paper REVIEW

On Statistical Analysis of Brain Variability

Oliver Y. Chén, Huy Phan, Guy Nagels, Maarten de Vos

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Analysis of variance; Variance-decomposition; The Bayesian brain; High-dimensional data; Association; Explanation; Prediction; Causation; The neural law of large numbers

Online: 23 September 2021 (11:13:08 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0098.v1

Neural Correlation of Faradarmani Consciousness Field Mind Mediation: A Comparative Functional Connectivity and Graph Analysis

Mohammad Ali Taheri, Fatemeh Modarresi-Asem, Noushin Nabavi, Parisa Maftoun, Farid Semsarha

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: brain graph; EEG; Faradarmani Consciousness Field; functional connectivity

Online: 6 September 2021 (13:26:29 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

The study of the brain networks using analysis of electroencephalography (EEG) data based on statistical dependencies (functional connectivity) and mathematical graph theory concepts is common in neuroscience and cognitive sciences for examinations of patient and healthy individuals. The Consciousness Fields according to Taheri theory and applications in the optimization of system under study have been investigated in various studies. In this study, we examine the results of working with Faradarmani Consciousness Field (FCF) in the brain of Faradarmangars. Faradarmangars are one of the necessary components in mind mediation of the function of Faradarmani Consciousness Fields according to Taheri. For this purpose, the functional and effective connectivity and the corresponding brain graphs of EEG from the brain of Faradarmangars is compared with that of non Faradarmangar groups during FCF connection. According to the results of the present study, the brain of the Faradarmangars shows significant decreased activity in delta (BA8), beta2 (BA4/6/8/9/10/11/32/44/47) and beta3 (in 34 of 52 BA) frequency bands mainly in frontal lobe and after that in parietal and temporal lobes in the comparison with the non Faradarmangars. Moreover, the functional and effective connectivity analysis in the frontal network shows dominant multiple decreased connectivity mainly in the case of beta3 frequency band in all parts of the frontal network. On the other hand, the graph theory analysis of the Faradarmangar brain shows an increase in the activity of the O2-T5-F4-F3-FP2-F8 areas and significant decrease in the characteristic path length and increases in global efficiency, clustering coefficient and transitivity. In conclusion, the unique higher graph function efficiency and the reduction in the brain activity and connectivity during the Faradarmani Consciousness Field mind mediation, shown the passive and detector like function of the human brain in this task.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0665.v3

Maternal Supply of Both Arachidonic and Docosahexaenoic Acids is Required for Optimal Neurodevelopment

Sanjay Basak, Rahul Mallick, Antara Banerjee, Surajit Pathak, Asim K. Duttaroy

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Arachidonic acid, 20:4n-6; Brain; Docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n-3; Fetus; Maternal diet; Cognitive; Infants; Neurodevelopment; Neurogenesis

Online: 14 June 2021 (14:54:08 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Working Paper REVIEW

Emerging Imaging Methods to Study Whole-Brain Function in Rodent Models

Marija Markicevic, Iurii Savvateev, Christina Grimm, Valerio Zerbi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Ultrasound imaging; photoacoustic; functional MRI; calcium imaging; rodents; fluorescence imaging

Online: 24 May 2021 (16:12:34 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0257.v1

Recent Developments in Treating Cognitive Impairment Associated with Schizophrenia

Robert A Bittner, Catherine V Barnes-Scheufler, Meike D Hettwer, Andreas Reif, Mishal Qubad

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Schizophrenia, cognitive dysfunction, neural plasticity, inflammation, cognitive biomarker, pharmacological treatment, cognitive remediation, aerobic exercise, brain stimulation

Online: 12 May 2021 (07:26:36 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0665.v2

Does Maternal Arachidonic Acid Influence the Neurodevelopmental Effects of Docosahexaenoic Acid?

Sanjay Basak, Rahul Mallick, Antara Banerjee, Surajit Pathak, Asim K. Duttaroy

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Arachidonic acid, 20:4n-6; Brain; Docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n-3; Fetus; Maternal diet; Cognitive; Infants; Neurodevelopment; Neurogenesis

Online: 26 April 2021 (15:11:00 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0665.v1

Does Maternal Arachidonic Acid Influence the Neurodevelopmental Effects of Docosahexaenoic Acid?

Asim K. Duttaroy

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Arachidonic acid, 20:4n-6; Brain; Docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n-3; Fetus; Maternal diet; Cognitive; Infants; Neurodevelopment; Neurogenesis

Online: 26 April 2021 (12:48:22 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0324.v1

Alteration in the cerebrospinal fluid lipidome in Parkinson´s disease: A pilot study

Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen, Paz Cartas-Cejudo, Enrique Santamaría

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: lipids; cerebrospinal fluid, parkinson´s disease, mass-spectrometry, lipidomics

Online: 12 April 2021 (21:16:21 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0478.v1

Mechanisms of Network Interactions for Flexible Cortico-Basal Ganglia-Mediated Action Control

Petra Fischer

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Gamma oscillations; beta oscillations; subthalamic nucleus; globus pallidus; movement control

Online: 18 March 2021 (12:19:11 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0203.v2

SH-SY5Y-derived neurons: A Human Neuronal Model System for Investigating TAU Sorting and Neuronal Subtype-Specific TAU Vulnerability

Michael Bell, Hans Zempel

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: SH-SY5Y-derived neurons; TAU sorting; neuronal identity; tauopathy; Alzheimer’s disease

Online: 23 December 2020 (10:30:47 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

The microtubule-associated protein TAU is sorted into the axon in healthy brain neurons. Somatodendritic missorting of TAU is a pathological hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases called tauopathies, including Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Cause, consequence, and (patho)physiological mechanisms of TAU sorting and missorting are understudied, in part also due to the lack of readily available human neuronal model systems. The human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y is widely used for studying TAU physiology and TAU-related pathology in AD and related tauopathies. SH-SY5Y cells can be differentiated into neuron-like cells (SH-SY5Y-derived neurons) using various substances. This review evaluates whether SH-SY5Y-derived neurons are a suitable model for i) investigating intracellular TAU sorting in general, and ii) with respect to neuron subtype-specific TAU vulnerability. I) SH-SY5Y-derived neurons show pronounced axodendritic polarity, high levels of axonally localized TAU protein, expression of all six major human brain isoforms, and TAU phosphorylation similar to the human brain. As proliferative cells, SH-SY5Y cells are readily accessible for genetic engineering, stable transgene integration and leading-edge genome editing are valuable and promising tools for TAU-related studies. II) Depending on the used differentiation procedure, SH-SY5Y-derived neurons resemble cells of distinct subcortical nuclei, i.e. the Locus coeruleus (LC), Nucleus basalis (NB) and Substantia nigra (SN), all of which early affected in many tauopathies. This allows to analyse neuron-specific TAU isoform expression and intracellular localization, also in the context of vulnerability to TAU pathology. Limitations are e.g. the lack of mimicking age-related tauopathy risk factors and the difficulty to define the exact neuronal subtype of SH-SY5Y-derived neurons. In brief, this review discusses the suitability of SH-SY5Y-derived neurons for investigating TAU (mis)sorting mechanisms and neuron-specific TAU vulnerability in disease paradigms.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0369.v2

Extreme Capsule is a Bottleneck for Ventral Pathway

Ehsan Shekari, Elahe Shahriari, Mohammad Taghi Joghataei

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Extreme capsule; uncinate fasciculus; IFOF; ventral pathway of language; bottle neck; DTI

Online: 7 September 2020 (10:26:24 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0428.v1

On Statistical Analysis of Brain Variability

Oliver Y. Chén, Huy Phan, Guy Nagels, Maarten de Vos

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Analysis of variance; Variance-decomposition; The Bayesian brain; High-dimensional data; Association; Explanation; Prediction; Causation; The neural law of large numbers

Online: 20 August 2020 (05:42:04 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0369.v1

Extreme Capsule is a Bottleneck for Ventral Pathway

Ehsan Shekari, Elahe Shahriari, Mohammad Taghi Joghataei

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Extreme capsule; uncinate fasciculus; IFOF; ventral pathway of language; bottle neck; DTI

Online: 17 August 2020 (14:54:51 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0308.v1

A Comprehensive Review on Inherited Sensorineural Hearing Loss and Their Syndromes

Muhammad Noman, Shazia Anwer Bukhari, Muhammad Tahir, Shehbaz Ali

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Hereditary HL; genetics of syndromic and non-syndromic HL; methods for pathogenic locus/gene identification

Online: 14 August 2020 (04:45:23 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0224.v1

An Updated Overview of the Neurophysiological and Psychosocial Dimensions of Fibromyalgia – A Call for an Integrative Model

Ana Margarida Pinto, Rinie Geenen, Filipe Palavra, Mark A. Lumley, Jacob N. Ablin, Kirstine Amris, Jaime Branco, Dan Buskila, Miguel Castelo-Branco, Leslie J. Crofford, Mary-Ann Fitzcharles, Mariana Luís, Tiago Reis Marques, Jamie L. Rhudy, Lucina Q. Uddin, Paula Castilho, Johannes W. G. Jacobs, José A. P. da Silva

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: fibromyalgia; comprehensive review; neurophysiological abnormalities; psychosocial processes; integration

Online: 11 July 2020 (03:45:54 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0053.v1

Rodent Somatosensory Thalamocortical Circuitry: Neurons, Synapses, and Connectivity

Christian O'Reilly, Elisabetta Iavarone, Jane Yi, Sean L. Hill

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: thalamocortical loop; thalamus; microcircuit; modeling; reticular nucleus; somatosensory system; ventral posteromedial nucleus; ventral posterolateral nucleus; posterior nucleus; thalamic relay cells; thalamic interneurons; rodent

Online: 5 July 2020 (07:45:16 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0460.v1

The Use of Hydrogel-Delivered Extracellular Vesicles in Recovery of Motor Function in Stroke: A Testable Experimental Hypothesis for Clinical Translation including Behavioral and Neuroimaging Assessment Approaches

Magdalini Tsintou, Kyriakos Dalamagkas, Tara L Moore, Yogesh Rathi, Marek Kubicki, Douglas L Rosene, Nikos Makris

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: extracellular vesicles; exosomes; neural tissue repair; neuroregeneration; non-human primates; hydrogels; neural tissue engineering; stroke; cortical injury

Online: 28 May 2020 (13:08:32 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Neural tissue engineering, nanotechnology and neuroregeneration are diverse biomedical disciplines that have been working together in recent decades to solve the complex problems linked to central nervous system (CNS) repair. It is known that the CNS demonstrates a very limited regenerative capacity because of a microenvironment that impedes effective regenerative processes, making development of CNS therapeutics challenging. Given the high prevalence of CNS conditions such as stroke that damage the brain and place a severe burden on afflicted individuals and on society, it is of utmost significance to explore the optimum methodologies for finding treatments that could be applied to humans for restoration of function to pre-injury levels. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), also known as exosomes, when derived from mesenchymal stem cells, are one of the most promising approaches that have been attempted thus far, as EVs deliver factors that stimulate recovery by acting at the nanoscale level on intercellular communication while avoiding the risks linked to stem cell transplantation. At the same time, advances in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have offered the potential of using hydrogels as bio-scaffolds in order to provide the stroma required for neural repair to occur, as well as the release of biomolecules facilitating or inducing the reparative processes. This review introduces a novel experimental hypothesis regarding the benefits that could be offered if EVs were to be combined with biocompatible injectable hydrogels. The rationale behind this hypothesis is presented, analyzing how a hydrogel might prolong the retention of EVs and maximize the localized benefit to the brain. This sustained delivery of EVs would be coupled with essential guidance cues and structural support from the hydrogel until neural tissue remodeling and regeneration occur. Finally, the importance of including non-human primate (NHP) models in the clinical translation pipeline, as well as the added benefit of multi-modal neuroimage analysis to establish non-invasive, in vivo, quantifiable imaging-based biomarkers for CNS repair are discussed, aiming for more effective and safe clinical translation of such regenerative therapies to humans.

Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0109.v1

Another Look into the Central Nervous System Decussation Reveals A New Model for Evolution

Hossein Akbari, Mehrana Fallahian

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: CNS decussation; evolution theory; function to anatomy

Online: 7 May 2020 (08:18:28 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Working Paper REVIEW

The Straight Dope: A Systematic Review of Neuroimaging and Acute Cannabis Exposure in Age-of-Risk for Psychosis

Lani Cupo, Eric Plitman, Elisa Guma, M Mallar Chakravarty

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: systematic review; cannabis; neuroimaging; age-of-onset psychosis; psychosis; schizophrenia

Online: 21 April 2020 (10:23:52 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0016.v1

Optic Nerve Crush Activates the Genomic Fabrics of the Complement Cascade and Delta-Notch Signaling

Pedro Henrique Victorino, Camila Marra, Dumitru Andrei Iacobas, Sanda Iacobas, David C Spray, Rafael Linden, Daniel Adesse, Hilda Petrs-Silva

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: glaucoma; retina ganglion cell degeneration; microarray; genes coordination; notch signaling pathway; complement cascade

Online: 2 April 2020 (11:59:28 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Working Paper ARTICLE

Imatinib Sets Pericyte Mosaic in the Retina

Tamás Kovács-Öller, Elena Ivanova, Gergely Szarka, Ádám J Tengölics, Béla Völgyi, Botir T. Sagdullaev

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: pericyte; retina; Imatinib; Gleevec; PDGFR; neurovascular

Online: 29 February 2020 (11:17:52 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0250.v1

Astrocyte-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Regulate Dendritic Complexity through miR-26a-5p Activity

Alejandro Luarte, Roberto Henzi, Anllely Fernández, Diego Gaete, Pablo Cisternas, Matías Pizarro, Luis Federico Batiz, Isabel Villalobos, Matías Masalleras, Rodrigo Vergara, Manuel Varas-Godoy, Rodrigo Herrera-Molina, Carlos Lafourcade, Ursula Wyneken

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: microRNAs; exosomes; astrocytes; hippocampal neurons; dendritic complexity

Online: 17 February 2020 (15:53:24 CET)

Show abstract| Supplementary Files| Share

Working Paper HYPOTHESIS

On the Emergence of Cognition and Consciousness: From Catalytic Closure to Neuroglial Closure

Jose Luis Perez Velazquez

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: consciousness; cognition; life; equivalence relation; synchrony; compartmentalization; closure; connectivity

Online: 16 February 2020 (15:01:47 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0203.v1

Clinical Utility of the Pathogenesis-related Proteins in Alzheimer’s Disease

Bin Zhou, Masanori Fukushima

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; biomarkers dynamics; interaction; time order

Online: 15 February 2020 (15:06:18 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0145.v1

Spatial Expression Pattern of the Major Ca2+-buffer Proteins in the Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells

Tamás Kovács-Öller, Gergely Szarka, Ádám J Tengölics, Alma Ganczer, Boglárka Balogh, Edina Szabó-Meleg, Miklós Nyitrai, Béla Völgyi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: parvalbumin; calretinin; calbindin; expression; retina; topography; ganglion cell; calcium buffer protein

Online: 11 February 2020 (11:43:03 CET)

Show abstract| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202001.0009.v1

Imatinib Sets Pericyte Mosaic in the Retina

Tamás Kovács-Öller, Elena Ivanova, Gergely Szarka, Ádám J Tengölics, Béla Völgyi, Botir T Sagdullaev

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: pericyte; retina; Imatinib; Gleevec; PDGFR; neurovascular

Online: 2 January 2020 (04:33:47 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0333.v1

p75NTR as a Molecular Memory Switch

Shen Ning, Mehdi Jorfi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: memory; p75NTR; synaptic plasticity; sleep deprivation

Online: 25 December 2019 (03:27:36 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Working Paper ARTICLE

Neural Differentiation Dynamics Controlled by Multiple Feedback Loop Motifs in a Comprehensive Molecular Interaction Network

Tsuyoshi Iwasaki, Ryo Takiguchi, Takumi Hiraiwa, Takahiro G. Yamada, Kazuto Yamazaki, Noriko Hiroi, Akira Funahashi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: neural differentiation; regulatory motif; feedback regulation; signaling pathway; mathematical models

Online: 24 December 2019 (11:20:25 CET)

Show abstract| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0096.v1

Role of the Serotonin Receptor 7 in Brain Plasticity: From Development to Disease

Marianna Crispino, Floriana Volpicelli, Carla Perrone-Capano

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: brain connectivity; brain development; gut-brain axis; neurodevelopmental diseases; neuronal cytoarchitecture; neuroplasticity; regulatory T cells; serotonin (5-HT)

Online: 7 December 2019 (16:55:39 CET)

Show abstract| Share

Working Paper ARTICLE

Towards Random Walks Underlying Neuronal Spikes

Arturo Tozzi, Alexander Yurkin, James F. Peters

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: arithmetic figures; Pascal’s triangle; geometrization of brain; central nervous system; nonlinear

Online: 4 December 2019 (04:43:17 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0006.v1

Windup of Nociceptive Flexion Reflex Depends on Synaptic and Intrinsic Properties of Dorsal Horn Neurons in Adult Rat

Franck Aby, Rabia Bouali-Benazzouz, Marc Landry, Pascal Fossat

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: l-type calcium channels; nociception; spinal cord; central sensitization; windup

Online: 2 October 2019 (02:49:04 CEST)

Show abstract| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201909.0188.v1

How Myalgic Encephalomyelitis / Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) Progresses: A Framework for Research and the Prevention, Treatment, and Rehabilitation in ME/CFS

Luis Nacul, Shennae O'Boyle, Flavio E. Nacul, Kathleen Mudie, Caroline C. Kingdon, Jacqueline M. Cliff, Taane G. Clark, Hazel M. Dockrell, Eliana M. Lacerda

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Chronic Fatigue Syndrome; Chronic Illness; ME/CFS; Management; Research

Online: 17 September 2019 (12:38:57 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

We propose a framework for the understanding of the pathophysiology and management of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis / Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) that considers wider determinants of health and long-term temporal variation in pathophysiological features and disease phenotype throughout the natural history of the disease. As in other chronic diseases, ME/CFS evolves through different stages, from asymptomatic predisposition, progressing to a prodromal stage, and then to symptomatic disease. Disease incidence depends on genetic makeup and environment factors, the exposure to an insult, or repeated insults, and the nature of the host response. In people who develop ME/CFS, normal homeostatic processes in response to adverse insults may be replaced by aberrant responses leading to dysfunctional states. Thus, the predominantly neuro-immune and autonomic manifestations, underlined by a hyper-metabolic state, that characterise early disease, may be followed by various processes leading to multi-systemic related symptoms. This abnormal metabolic state and the effects of a range of mediators such as products of oxidative and nitrosamine stress, may lead to progressive cell and metabolic dysfunction culminating in a hypometabolic state with low energy production. These processes do not seem to happen uniformly; although a spiralling of progressive inter-related and self-sustaining abnormalities may ensue, reversion to states of milder abnormalities is possible if the host is able to restate responses to improve homeostatic equilibrium. Disease management and research efforts should seek to identify and apply strategies targeted at the different pathophysiological dysfunctions that characterise different disease stages. As disease presentation varies over time, no single case description, set of diagnostic criteria, or molecular feature is currently diagnostic for all patients at all times. While acknowledging its limitations due to the incomplete research evidence, we suggest the proposed framework may improve research design and health care interventions for people with ME/CFS.

Working Paper ARTICLE

Dopaminergic Cellular and Circuit Contributions to Kappa Opioid Receptor Mediated Aversion

Elyssa Margolis, Anushree Karkhanis

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Dopamine, Kappa Opioid Receptors, Ventral Tegmental Area, Nucleus Accumbens, Prefrontal Cortex

Online: 12 July 2019 (13:10:41 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Working Paper ARTICLE

Basal Ganglia Paths Support Acute vs. Automated Execution, Not Movement vs. Stopping

Ari Rappoport

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: basal ganglia; dopamine; subthalamic nucleus; Parkinson's disease; brain learning; cholinergic interneurons; deep brain stimulation

Online: 31 May 2019 (11:24:42 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0299.v1

Decoding Drosophila Circadian Pacemaker Circuit

Anatoly Kozlov, Emi Nagoshi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Circadian rhythms, neural circuit, pacemaker, calcium imaging, behavior

Online: 24 May 2019 (14:07:50 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Biology and Life Sciences