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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1164.v1

Non-Invasive Spinal Cord Stimulation for Motor Rehabilitation of Patients with Spinal Muscular Atrophy Treated with Orphan Drugs

Tatiana Moshonkina, Anton Novikov, Maria Maldova, Ivan Shalmiev, Elena Shoshina, Natalia Epoyan, Natalia D. Shamantseva, Natalia Krutikova

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: spinal muscular atrophy; spinal cord stimulation; physical therapy; nusinersen; risdiplam; onasemnogene abeparvovec

Online: 17 April 2024 (13:30:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1072.v1

Cholesterol Modulation Attenuates the AD-Like Phenotype Induced by Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection

Blanca Salgado, Beatriz Izquierdo, Alba Zapata, Isabel Sastre, Henrike Kristen, Julia Terreros, Victor Mejías, María Jesús Bullido, Jesus Aldudo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; HSV-1; cholesterol; neuroblastoma cells; methyl-beta-cyclodextrin; infection; neurodegeneration; lysosomal alterations; beta-amyloid; hyperphosphorylated tau

Online: 16 April 2024 (13:59:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0959.v1

Intranasal Administration of Apelin-13 Ameliorates Cognitive Deficit in STZ-Induced Alzheimer’s Disease Model via Enhancement of Nrf2-HO1 Pathways

Hai Lu, Ming Chen, Cuiqing Zhu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Alzheimer’ s disease; Apelin-13; Intranasal administration; oxidative stress; Nrf2-HO-1 signaling pathway

Online: 15 April 2024 (11:17:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0939.v1

Two-week Computerized Cognitive Training Aﬀects Resting-State Electroencephalographic Rhythms in Parkinson’s Disease Patients with Cognitive Deﬁcits

Roberta Lizio, Claudio Del Percio, Giuseppe Noce, Valentina Catania, Vittorio Tindaro Sorbera, Maria Francesca De Pandis, Rosella Rotondo, Raffaele Ferri, Andrea Soricelli, Marco Salvatore, Fabrizio Stocchi, Laura Vacca, Francesco Infarinato, Dario Arnaldi, Francesco Famà, Moira Marizzoni, Bahar Guntekin, Nesrin Helavacı Yılmaz, Lütfü Hanoğlu, Görsev G Yener, Giacomo Maria Russo, Giovanni B Frisoni, Claudio Babiloni

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Computerized Cognitive Training (CCT); Parkinson’s Disease (PD); Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI); Dementia; Resting-state Electroencephalographic Rhythms (rsEEG).

Online: 15 April 2024 (09:40:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0898.v1

Unraveling the Influence of Litter Size, Maternal Care, Exercise, and Aging on Neurobehavioral Plasticity and Dentate Gyrus Microglia Dynamics in Rats

Lane Viana Krejcová, João Bento-Torres, Daniel Guerreiro Diniz, Antonio Jr. Pereira, Manuella Batista-de-Oliveira Hornsby, Andreia Albuquerque Cunha Lopes de Morais, Rosângela Figueiredo Mendes-da-Silva, Ricardo Abadie Guedes, Ângela Amâncio dos Santos, Denise Sandrelly Lima, Rubem C.A. Guedes, Cristovam Wanderley Picanço-Diniz

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: maternal care; litter size; microglia; dentate gyrus; exercise; age-related memory impairments; object recognition

Online: 15 April 2024 (05:22:03 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0829.v1

GRK5KO Mouse Mirrors Mild Cognitive Impairment due to Alzheimer’s Disease

William Z. Suo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease; aging; animal model; GRK5 deficiency; GRK5 knockout mouse.

Online: 12 April 2024 (08:03:02 CEST)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1335.v4

On the Natural Intelligence and Consciousness of the Immune System and Its Relationship with the Brain

Marco Ruggiero, Akira Hiratsuka

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Brain; Immune System; Orch OR; Consciousness; Microtubules; Tubulin; Religious Chanting

Online: 8 April 2024 (16:08:01 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0322.v1

Polymerase I as a Target for Treating Neurodegenerative Disorders

Mark Steven LeDoux

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: polymerase I; rDNA; neurodegeneration; neuroregression; nucleolus; upstream binding transcription factor (UBTF)

Online: 4 April 2024 (15:56:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0303.v1

Novel Variants Linked to the Prodromal Stage of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) Patients

Marwa T. Badawy, Aya Salama, Mohamed Salama

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Parkinson’ s Disease (PD); The Parkinson’ s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI); VCF; neurodegenerative diseases

Online: 4 April 2024 (13:17:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0362.v1

Neuroprotective Effects of Photobiomodulation and Taurine on SH-SY5Y Cells

Rafaella Carvalho Rossato, Amanda Lira Albuquerque, Geisa Rodrigues Salles, Marimélia Aparecida Porcionatto, Alessandro E. Campos Granato, Henning Ulrich, Mariela Ines Batista dos Santos, Cristina Pacheco-Soares

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Alzheimer's Disease; Neuroprotection; Oxidative stress

Online: 4 April 2024 (09:49:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0270.v1

Innate Orientating Behavior of a Multi-legged Robot Driven by the Neural Circuits of C. elegans

Kangxin - Hu, Yu Zhang, Fei Ding, Dun Yang, Yang Yu, Ying Yu, Qingyun Wang, Hexi Baoyin

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Biological Neural Network; C. elegans, Neural Dynamics; Computing Model of Whole-brain Neural Network; Bionic Robot Intelligent Control

Online: 3 April 2024 (08:34:47 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0225.v1

BDNF Modulation by microRNAs: An Update on the Experimental Evidence

Gilmara Gomes de Assis, Eugenia Murawska-cialowicz

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: BDNF; microRNA; regenerative medicine; neuroprotection

Online: 2 April 2024 (15:23:52 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0053.v1

Treatment of Adamantinomatous Craniopharyngioma Using RNAi and CRISPR Targeting the WNT Pathway

Sudarshan Gokul, Mukundhan Gokul

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Craniopharyngioma, CRISPR, Genomics, RNAi, CTNNB1, β -Catenin, WNT Pathway

Online: 1 April 2024 (10:05:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1852.v1

Wireless EEG Recording of Audiogenic Seizure Activity in Freely Moving Krushinsky-Molodkina Rats

Sergey Krivopalov*, Boris Yushkov, Alexey Sarapultsev

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Audiogenic Epilepsy; Behavioral Neurology; Ecological Validity; Free Movement Recording; Krushinsky-Molodkina Rats; Neurogenetics; Seizure Mechanisms; Wireless Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Online: 29 March 2024 (15:56:30 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1656.v1

Effect of Enriched Environment on Cerebellum and Social Behavior of Valproic Zebrafish

Bernardo Flores-Prieto, Flower Caycho-Salazar, Jorge Manzo, María Elena Hernandez-Aguilar, Genaro Alfonso Coria-Avila, Deissy Herrera-Covarrubias, Fausto Rojas-Durán, Gonzalo Emiliano Aranda-Abreu, César Antonio Pérez-Estudillo, María Rebeca Toledo-Cárdenas

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: cerebellum; zebrafish; social behavior; valproic acid; animal model; ASD

Online: 27 March 2024 (05:59:08 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1574.v1

Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy of Repeated Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantations in ALS Patients by Investigating Patient's Specific Immunological and Biochemical Biomarkers: A Retrospective study.

Zahraa Alkhazaali, Sajad Sahab-Negah, Amir Reza Boroumand, Najmeh Kaffash, Mohammad Ali Khodadoust, Jalil Tavakol Afshari

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: ALS; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; GDNF; Creatine kinase; ferritin; BM-MSC.

Online: 26 March 2024 (09:15:36 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1339.v1

Effect of Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields (PEMFs) on Muscles Activation during Cycling in Sedentary People

Aurelio Trofè, Alessandro Piras, Luca Breviglieri, Alessandra Laffi, Andrea Meoni, Milena Raffi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: PEMF; EMG; sedentary people; muscle activity; physical exercise

Online: 22 March 2024 (10:56:34 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1232.v1

Molecular Basis of Neuronal and Microglial States in the Aging Brain and Impact on Cerebral Blood Vessels

Chihiro Maeda, Fuminori Tsuruta

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: aging, neuron, microglia, BBB, inflammation, neuronal nuclei

Online: 20 March 2024 (17:21:54 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1150.v1

Noradrenergic Transmission in the Basolateral Amygdala Mediates the Effects of Predatory Odor Exposure on Hippocampal Plasticity – a New Concept for Studying the Emotional Modulation of Memory Consolidation

Bogomil Peshev, Petya Ivanova, Desislava Krushovlieva, Lidia Kortenska, Dimitrinka Atanasova, Nikolai Lazarov, and Jana Tchekalarova

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: basolateral amygdala; noradrenaline; memory consolidation; object location task; predator odor exposure; pCREB; Arc

Online: 19 March 2024 (12:48:46 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1005.v1

First Immunohistochemical Demonstration of the Expression of a Type-2 Vomeronasal Receptor, V2R, in Wild Canids

Irene Ortiz-Leal, Mateo V. Torres, Ana María López-Beceiro, Luis Fidalgo, Taekyun Shin, Roberto Tirindelli, Pablo Sanchez-Quinteiro

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: vomeronasal organ; V2R; G-proteins; Canidae; immunohistochemistry

Online: 18 March 2024 (10:48:40 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0802.v1

mRNA-Delivered Transcytosis Enabled Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases

Sarfaraz K. Niazi, Matthias Magoola

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: mRNA; antibodies; nanobodies; neurological diseases; protein aggregates; protein misfolding

Online: 14 March 2024 (08:12:17 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0117.v2

Brain Stars Take the Lead during Critical Periods of Early Postnatal Brain Development: Relevance of Astrocytes in Health and Mental Disorders

Eugenia Vivi, Barbara Di Benedetto

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: astrocytes; critical period; synapse phagocytosis; sex differences; neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders

Online: 13 March 2024 (07:22:10 CET)

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In the brain, astrocytes regulate shape and functions of the synaptic and vascular compartments through a variety of released factors and membrane-bound proteins. An imbalanced astrocyte activity can therefore have drastic negative impacts on brain development, leading to the onset of severe pathologies. Clinical and pre-clinical studies show alterations in astrocyte cell number, morphology, molecular makeup and astrocyte-dependent processes in different affected brain regions in neurodevelopmental (ND) and neuropsychiatric (NP) disorders. Astrocytes proliferate, differentiate and mature during the critical period of early postnatal brain development, a time window of elevated glia-dependent regulation of a proper balance between synapse formation/elimination, which is pivotal in refining synaptic connectivity. Therefore, any intrinsic and/or extrinsic factors altering these processes during the critical period may result in an aberrant synaptic remodelling and onset of mental disorders. The peculiar bridging position of astrocytes between synaptic and vascular compartments further allows them to “compute” the brain state and consequently secrete factors in the bloodstream, which may serve as diagnostic biomarkers of distinct healthy or disease conditions.Here, we collect recent advancements regarding astrogenesis and astrocyte-mediated regulation of neuronal network remodelling during early postnatal critical periods of brain development, focusing on synapse elimination. We then propose alternative hypotheses for an involvement of aberrancies in these processes in the onset of ND and NP disorders. In light of the well-known differential prevalence of certain brain disorders between males and females, we also discuss putative sex-dependent influences on these neurodevelopmental events.From a translational perspective, understanding age- and sex-dependent astrocyte-specific molecular and functional changes may help to identify biomarkers of distinct cellular (dys)functions in health and disease, favouring the development of diagnostic tools or the selection of tailored treatment options for male/female patients.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0616.v1

Events Sequence Beyond mRNA Spike (S) Protein Vaccine and Long COVID: Simply Targeting Brain?

Marcos Altable

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Long COVID; vaccine; neuroinflammation; SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein

Online: 11 March 2024 (12:59:22 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0572.v1

Link Between the G Protein-Coupled Receptor (GPCR), SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein, ACE2, Vaccines, and Long COVID

Marcos Altable

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: G Protein-Coupled Receptor; SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) Protein; Vaccines; Long COVID; ACE2; COVID-19

Online: 11 March 2024 (05:33:53 CET)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1335.v3

On the Natural Intelligence and Consciousness of the Immune System and Its Relationship with the Brain

Marco Ruggiero, Akira Hiratsuka

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Brain; Immune System; Orch OR; Consciousness; Microtubules; Tubulin; Religious Chanting

Online: 8 March 2024 (01:50:08 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0452.v1

The Impact of Oxidative Stress on the Epigenetics of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

Sergio Terracina, Luigi Tarani, Mauro Ceccanti, Mario Vitali, Silvia Francati, Marco Lucarelli, Sabrina Venditti, Loredana Verdone, Giampiero Ferraguti, Marco Fiore

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: FASD; Epigenetics; Oxidative Stress; Antioxidants; Alcohol

Online: 7 March 2024 (12:06:43 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0400.v1

p62, the Receptor for Selective Autophagy, Contributes in ATXN3 Aggregate Formation in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3

Anna J. Zimmer, Carola Bahl, Jule M Schäfer, Jonasz Jeremiasz Weber, Olaf Riess, Jeannette Hübener-Schmid

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3; ataxin-3; p62/sequestosome-1; autophagy; autophagy impairment; co-localized aggregation

Online: 7 March 2024 (08:06:54 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0217.v1

Integrated Transcriptomic and Proteomic Study of the Mechanism of Action of the Novel Small Molecule Positive Allosteric Modulator SPAM1 of PAC1-R for the Treatment of D-gal-Induced Aging Mice

Lili Liang, Shang Chen, Wanlin Su, Huahua Zhang, Rongjie Yu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: pituitary adenylate cyclase- activating polypeptide (PACAP); Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor 1 (PAC1-R); D-galactose (D-gal); neuroprotective effects; transcriptomic; proteomic

Online: 5 March 2024 (12:50:49 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0187.v1

Enhanced Release Probability Without Changes in Synaptic Delay During Analogue-Digital Facilitation

Sami Boudkkazi, Dominique Debanne

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: neuronal timing; synaptic transmission; synaptic latency; context-dependent facilitation; neocortex; local circuits

Online: 5 March 2024 (10:21:21 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0193.v1

Potential Roles of Specific Subclasses of Premotor Interneurons in Spinal Cord Function Recovery after Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury in Adults

Ana Dominguez-Bajo, Frédéric Clotman

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: adult spinal cord injury; interneuron; V2; sprouting; locomotor recovery

Online: 5 March 2024 (07:24:26 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.2149.v2

Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Glial Cells as Molecular Target for Parkinson’s Disease

Érica Novaes Soares, Ana Carla dos Santos Costa, Gabriel de Jesus Ferrolho, Rodrigo Portes Ureshino, Bruk Getachew, Silvia Lima Costa, Victor Diogenes Amaral Da Silva, Yousef Tizabi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Parkinson’ s disease, Dopamine, Acetylcholine, Nicotine, Nicotinic receptors, Microglia, Astroglia, Oligodendrocyte, NG2 Cells, Alpha-Synuclein, Toll-Like receptors, Neuroinflammation, Neuroprotection

Online: 4 March 2024 (09:56:14 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1738.v1

Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) in motor neuron diseases: a road to cure in light and shade

Silvia Cantara, Giorgia Simoncelli, Claudia Ricci

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs); motor neuron diseases; spinal muscular atrophy; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy; innovative therapy; nusinersen; tofersen; clinical trals

Online: 1 March 2024 (03:10:14 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1721.v1

Familial Alzheimer’s Disease Neurons Bearing Mutations in PSEN1 Display Increased Calcium Responses to AMPA as an Early Calcium Dysregulation Phenotype

Helena Targa Dias Anastacio, Natalie Matosin, Lezanne Ooi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; induced pluripotent stem cells; neurodegeneration; AMPA; glutamate

Online: 29 February 2024 (12:58:21 CET)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1335.v2

On the Natural Intelligence and Consciousness of the Immune System and Its Relationship with the Brain

Marco Ruggiero, Akira Hiratsuka

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Brain; Immune System; Orch OR; Consciousness; Microtubules; Tubulin; Religious Chanting.

Online: 29 February 2024 (10:51:45 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1684.v1

Uncovering the Role of the Early Visual Cortex in Visual Mental Imagery

Nadine Dijkstra

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Mental imagery; Visual perception; Early visual cortex

Online: 29 February 2024 (09:58:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1661.v1

Markov Blankets and Mirror Symmetries. Free Energy Minimization and Mesocortical Anatomy

James Wright, Paul Bourke

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: free energy principle; active inference; predictive coding; Markov blankets; cortical development; cortical mesoanatomy; cortical self-organization

Online: 29 February 2024 (05:39:38 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1584.v1

Cannabis, Cannabinoids, and Stroke: Increased Risk or Potential for Protection—a Scoping Review

Caroline ML Carter, Lindsay Laviolette, Bashir Bietar, Juan Zhou, Christian Lehmann

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Cannabis; cannabinoid; stroke; neuroprotection

Online: 28 February 2024 (09:37:59 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0996.v2

Effects of a Topical Composition of Gaba and Microbial Chondroitin Sulfate on Mental Calmness and Brain Function

Marco Ruggiero

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Brain; immune system; gamma-aminobutyric acid GABA; chondroitin sulfate; relaxation; stress

Online: 28 February 2024 (08:09:50 CET)

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This article describes a novel topical composition constituted by gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) and microbial chondroitin sulfate. This composition, formulated by the author and manufactured in a certified facility in the United States of America, exhibits potential for non-invasive intervention in anxiety management, sleep quality enhancement, and promotion of brain-related functions like meditation and nonlocal consciousness. The core component comprises GABA, a key inhibitory neurotransmitter within the central nervous system, complexed with a suitable carrier molecule, microbial chondroitin sulfate. This complexation aims to enhance transdermal absorption and optimize delivery of GABA to target tissues. The proposed mechanism of action involves modulation of GABAergic signal transduction pathways. Application of the topical composition allows GABA penetration into the skin and potentially deeper tissues, where it interacts with GABA receptors. This interaction leads to mental calmness and relaxation as assessed by electroencephalography. The influence of GABAergic signaling on brain circuits demonstrated in this article, when associated with meditation and nonlocal consciousness, suggests potential for the composition to support these practices. The advantage of such an approach consists in avoiding the potential systemic side effects associated with oral or injectable administration of GABA, anxiolytics or hypnotics. Furthermore, the combination of GABA and microbial chondroitin sulfate may offer synergistic benefits, potentially enhancing the overall biological effects. In conclusion, this article presents a novel topical approach for managing anxiety, enhancing sleep quality, and potentially facilitating meditation and nonlocal consciousness through modulation of GABAergic signaling pathways. While further research is necessary, the potential for a non-invasive and potentially side-effect-free intervention in these areas is promising.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1560.v1

Sleepless in Captivity: Insomnia Kills the Von Economo Neurons

Adonis Sfera, Kyle A Thomas, Isaac A Ogunjale, Nyla Jafri, Peter G Bota

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Von Economo Neuron; interoceptive awareness; frontotemporal dementia behavioral variant; phenazines

Online: 28 February 2024 (04:50:10 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1191.v2

Neurobiology of Egg-laying Behavior in Drosophila: Neural Control of the Female Reproductive System

Mehrnaz Afkhami

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: reproduction; egg‐laying; cryptic female choice; Drosophila; sensory neurons

Online: 27 February 2024 (09:30:10 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1355.v1

A Review on the Feasibility and Efficacy of Home-Based Cognitive Remediation in People with Multiple Sclerosis

Angela Boschetti, Elisabetta Maida, Michelangelo Dini, Marta Tacchini, Giulia Gamberini, Giancarlo Comi, Letizia Leocani

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: telerehabilitation; cognitive remediation; multiple sclerosis; feasibility; efficacy

Online: 23 February 2024 (09:24:17 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1211.v1

Test-Retest Reproducibility of Reduced Field of View Density-Weighted CRT MRSI at 3T

Nicholas Farley, Antonia Susjnar, Mark Chiew, Uzay E Emir

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Non-Cartesian; Nuclear; Magnetic; Resonance; Spectroscopy; Imaging; Test-Retest; Reproducibility

Online: 21 February 2024 (14:59:03 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1046.v1

Differential Regulation of Age-Dependent Neurodegeneration and Buildup Human Phosphorylated Tau in Neurons in Drosophila by ATG14L, ATG6/Beclin 1 and VPS34

Chia-Lung Chuang, Yan-Rui Lin, Yi-Han Tu, Hao Chi, Tzu-Kang Sang, Hui-Yun Chang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Autophagy; Alzheimer’s disease; ATG14L; Beclin 1; VPS34; Neurodegenerative disease; GFP-mCherry-LC3; Tau

Online: 20 February 2024 (06:35:17 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0790.v1

Unraveling the Complex Pathology of Neurodegenerative Diseases: Multiple Prions, Cross-β Networks and Baicalein's ReproFold

Hsiang-Yu Chang, I-Fan Wang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Neurodegenerative diseases, prion-like low complexity domain, amyloid, SMN1, TDP-43, physiological cross-β interactome, baicalein, ReproFold.

Online: 14 February 2024 (09:26:18 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0715.v1

Analyses of Conditional Knockout Mice for Pogz, a Responsible Gene for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, in Excitatory and Inhibitory Neurons in the Brain

Nanako Hamada, Takuma Nishijo, Ikuko Iwamoto, Sagiv Shifman, Koh-ichi Nagata

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: POGZ; corticogenesis; synapse; conditional knockout (cKO) mice

Online: 13 February 2024 (07:41:51 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0619.v1

Embodimetrics: A Principal Component Analysis of the Combined Assessment of Cardiac, Cognitive and Mobility Parameters

Andrea Chellini, Katia Salmaso, Michele Di Domenico, Nicola Gerbi, Marco Donati, Marco Iosa

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: embodiment; heart rate variability; stroop task; motor control

Online: 12 February 2024 (13:19:53 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0562.v1

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Nociception and Pain

Adalberto Merighi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: BDNF; Nociception; Pain; Neurons; Glia; Presynaptic mechanisms; Postsynaptic mechanisms; LTP; Neuropeptides

Online: 9 February 2024 (13:23:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0567.v1

Vascular Heparan Sulfate and Amyloid-β in Alzheimer’s Disease Patients

Ilayda Ozsan McMillan, Marla Gearing, Lianchun Wang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Alzheimer’s Disease; heparan sulfate; amyloid-β; cerebral amyloid angiopathy; cerebrovasculature; gender; ApoE; endothelial cell; smooth muscle cell

Online: 9 February 2024 (10:05:34 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0372.v1

Use EGG to Explore the Impact of Mindfulness Meditation on Physiological and Neurological Responses

Jun Mu, Tony Chui, Manli Zhong, Hinhung Sik, Junling Gao

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Electroencephaolography (EEG) Other - mindfulness meditation; mental well-being; stress reduction; real-time feedback; self- awareness

Online: 6 February 2024 (11:11:31 CET)

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This study proposed to use wearable EEG to study the impact of vipassana mindfulness practice on beginner's physiological and neurological responses. Mindfulness meditation has been shown to have numerous benefits, including stress reduction, improved attention and cognitive function, and enhanced emotional regulation. The roots of mindfulness meditation in Buddhism emphasize cultivating present-moment awareness and insight. However, the neural mechanisms together with physiological mechanism and their interaction underlying these benefits remain poorly understood. Method: One middle age man (50 years old) participated in this longitudinal study using wearable EEG to investigate the neurophysiological change during a one-month consecutive vipassana mindfulness practice. Both EEG and heart rate responses were recorded each time, before (5 minutes), during (20 minutes), and after (5 minutes) meditation sessions. The EEG and HR data were analyzed by Matlab and EEGlab to examine changes in brainwave activity and heart rate. Results: alpha peak frequency (APF) is significantly lower after mindfulness meditation, as shown by comparison of APF before mindfulness (pre-5) and during mindfulness practice (med-20), and comparison between APF of pre-5 and after mindfulness practice (post-5). The same is with the beta peak power. While for theta peak frequency, it is significant lower during mindfulness meditation (med-20), when comparing to either pre-5 or post-5. See figure 1a. However, peak power index is not so sensitive, and it is more obvious in theta wave band. That is, the theta power peak is significantly lower after meditation, as can be observed in comparison between pre-5 and med-20, also between pre-5 and med-20. See figure 1b. STATE Heart-mean (bpm) Heart-std(bmp) pre-5 69.88 3.88 med-20 68.36 2.81 post-5 69.55 4.13 t-value test (pre-med) 0.0694 0.0003 t-value test (pre-post) 0.7934 0.3656 t-value test (post-med) 0.3193 0.0001 Table 1. The difference of Heart rate (mean and SD) in before (pre-5), during (med-20) and after (post-5)mindfulness meditation. We find significant change in standard deviation (SD) of heart rate between meditation and non-meditation mental states, as shown in table 1. The study provides insights into the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms of mindfulness meditation using wearable EEG devices. It demonstrates that in term of EEG measurement, spectrum frequency can be more sensitive than spectrum power; also heart rate variability as measured by SD is more sensitive to mean of HR. The proposed study contributes to the literature by using wearable EEG devices to collect data in a more accessible and convenient manner.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0220.v1

Beyond Quiescent and Active: Intermediate Microglial Transcriptomic States in a Mouse Model of Down Syndrome

Álvaro Fernández-Blanco, Cèsar Sierra, Clara Tejido, Mara Dierssen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Down syndrome; microglia; disease-associated microglia

Online: 5 February 2024 (05:38:38 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0101.v1

TBI and Tau Loss-of-Function Both Affect Naïve Ethanol Sensitivity in Drosophila

Valbona Hoxha, Gaurav Shrestha, Nayab Baloch, Sara Collevechio, Raegan R. Laszczyk, Gregg Roman

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: TBI; Alcohol; Drosophila; Tau

Online: 2 February 2024 (10:36:33 CET)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0060.v1

Mitochondrial DNA Quantity and Relative Abundance of “Common Deletion” Mutation in Peripheral Nerve Tissues from Donors with HIV Sensory Neuropathy

Ali Boustani, Mohammadsobhan Sheikh Andalibi, Josué Pérez-Santiago, Sanjay Mehta, Ronald J. Ellis, Jerel Adam Fields

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: DSP; Distal Symmetric Polyneuropathy; mtDNA; Common Deletion mutation

Online: 1 February 2024 (14:09:37 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0003.v1

NF-κB as an Inducible Regulator of Inflammation in the Central Nervous System

Sudha Anilkumar, Elizabeth Wright-Jin

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: NF-κB; inflammation; microglia

Online: 1 February 2024 (09:28:58 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.2149.v1

Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Glial Cells as Molecular Target for Parkinson’s Disease

Érica Novaes Soares, Ana Carla dos Santos Costa, Gabriel de Jesus Ferrolho, Rodrigo Portes Ureshino, Bruk Getachew, Silvis Lima Costa, Victor Diogenes Amaral Da Silva, Yousef Tizabi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Parkinson’s disease, Dopamine, Acetylcholine, Nicotine, Nicotinic receptors, Microglia, Astroglia, Oligodendrocyte, NG2 Cells, Alpha-Synuclein, Toll-Like receptors, Neuroinflammation, Neuroprotection

Online: 31 January 2024 (10:41:59 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.2087.v1

Understanding and Modeling the Pathophysiology of Hydrocephalus: In Search of Better Treatment Options

Verayna Newland, Bonnie L. Blazer-Yost

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: choroid plexus; cerebrospinal fluid; electrolyte transport; ventriculomegaly; preclinical hydrocephalic models

Online: 31 January 2024 (01:51:21 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.2108.v1

Significant Neurodevelopmental Delays Associated with a Higher Incidence of Abnormal Behavioral Patterns and Paraphilias?

Theodor-Nicolae Carp

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: central nervous system; neurogenesis; early childhood; neurodevelopmental delay; neuro-immunological bridge; immunity; innate immunity; cytokines; chemokines; natural lymphocytes; adaptive immunity; adaptive lymphocytes

Online: 30 January 2024 (13:00:19 CET)

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Neurodevelopmental disorders are characterized by an amalgam of genetic and epigenetic faults implicating neuronal protein-related loss-of-function and gain-of-function respectively, hence their inclusion into the category of complex diseases. Neurodevelopmental disorders are regarded as autism spectrum disorder due to this reason; that the risk factors and phenotype constitute a spectrum of faults and protein overactivity. One example of an epigenetic factor leading to the onset of neurodevelopmental delays constitutes a set of immune response-based dysregulations, as well as the excessive growth of the adaptive immune memory of the fetus or the baby following significant infectious disease during pregnancy, as well as in babies aged 0-2, given the existence of profound links between developmental immunity and developmental neurology. Given that genetic information very likely represents a form of energy, the intake of excessive pathogen-related information may transiently overload the adaptive immune memory similarly to the manner functional pathogens do whilst inducing significant illness, and if events as such occur during important stages of neuro-immunological development, then there could often be irreversible effects upon the rate of development in neurological networks that normally have a major importance in the modulation of the related cognitive and behavioral phenotype. The full extent of evidence may only be obtained via a thorough study of the applications of physical laws into biology and medicine, given the foundational role of the physical matter in the development and maintenance of life. A common misconception is that neurodevelopmental delays are characterized solely by an accumulation of protein loss-of-function incidences in the central nervous system area, rather than a disruption of neuronal region developmental rates. For example, an overexpression of neuronal proteins related to cognition factors that is accompanied by an underexpression of proteins related to social behavior is phenotypically manifested in people with sharper rational thinking and poorer communication skills, with an impact on the abilities of decision-making as well, and this tends to be regarded as a classical example of the clinical manifestation of neurodevelopmental delays. More severe forms of autism spectrum disorder tend to implicate a more generalistic impact upon the developmental rates of key human behaviors, including those related with the development and maintenance of social and intimate relationships. Likewise, more severe implications upon regular developmental rates tend to bring a major impact upon the healthy function of related functions. As a result, lower functioning forms of neurodevelopmental delays bring fresh concerns with regards to a possible uncanny increase of incidences of deviated sexuality during years of adulthood, and in the worst cases, such deviations may lead to the planning and development of criminal activity, particularly in individuals who are or become prone to breaking the moral code that established the civilized society. What holds the concerns valid is the exponential increase in the number of lower functioning autism cases throughout the world and the major signs that such an increase will continue with a full force. One major solution to this potential future problem would be a much higher investment into awareness of the exact genetic and environmental factors that directly or indirectly result in the onset of lower-functioning autism and of the current research efforts to develop the matching support for people found in situations as such. The most important aim of future research with regards to such a scenario would be a separation of disease and disability with choices made to step into more severe forms of disease and into areas that are outside of the established moral circle.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.2093.v1

Principles for Adapting Assessments of Executive Function Across Cultural Contexts

Matthew C. H. Jukes, Ishita Ahmed, Sara Baker, Catherine E. Draper, Steven J. Howard, Dana Charles McCoy, Jelena Obradović, Sharon Wolf

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Assessment; Culture; Real-life measurements; Executive Functions; Naturalistic settings; Schooling

Online: 30 January 2024 (09:15:31 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1986.v1

A Homozygous CNP Missense Mutation in Weimaraners With an Adult-Onset Neurodegenerative Disease, Myelin Abnormalities and Accumulation of Lipofuscin-Like Inclusions

Stefan H. Keller, Gary S. Johnson, Garrett Bullock, Tendai Mhlanga-Mutangadura, Malte Schwartz, Savannah G. Pattridge, Juyuan Guo, Gregg D. Kortz, Martin L Katz

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis; neurodegeneration; brain; optic nerve; cardiac muscle; mitochondria; lipofuscin

Online: 30 January 2024 (03:27:02 CET)

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Abstract: A progressive neurological disorder was observed in a male neutered Weimaraner. Clinical signs included fecal incontinence, lethargy, moderate paraparesis, proprioceptive pelvic limb ataxia, falling, cognitive decline, incoordination, decreased interest in food, changes in posture, and episodes of trance-like behavior. Neurologic signs were first observed at approximately 4 years, 10 months of age and progressed slowly. Magnetic resonance imaging showed generalized brain atrophy with areas of white matter pathology. Humane euthanasia was elected at 6 years, 7 months of age due to increasing severity of the neurological signs. Autoflorescent intracellular granules were observed in the cerebral and cerebellar cortexes, optic nerve, and cardiac muscle of the affected dog. These abnormal inclusions in the cerebral cortex and cardiac muscle immunolabeled with antibodies to mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit c protein, like that observed in the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis group of lysosomal storage diseases. Immunolabeling also demonstrated pronounced neuroinflammation in brain tissues. The ultrastructural appearances of the disease-related inclusion bodies in the brain and optic nerve were quite variable. The ultrastructure and locations of many of the inclusions in the nervous tissues suggested that they were derived, at least in part, from the myelin surrounding axons. The storage bodies in the cardiac muscle were located in mitochondria-rich regions and consisted of parallel arrays of membrane-like components interspersed with electron-dense flocculent material. The disease was characterized by pronounced abnormalities in the myelin of the brain and optic nerve consisting of distinctive areas of ballooning between the layers of myelin. The whole genome sequence generated from the affected dog contained a homozygous G-to-A missense mutation in CNP, which encodes proteins with CNPase enzyme activity and a structural role in myelin. The mutation predicts a Thr42Met amino acid sequence substitution. Genotyping of archived Weimaraner DNA samples identified an additional G>A variant homozygote with a clinical history and brain lesions similar to those of the proband. Of 292 Weimaraners and over 4,000 other dogs of various breeds, the proband and the other Weimaraner that exhibited similar signs were the only two that were homozygous for the CNP missense variant. CNPase immunolabeling was widespread in brain tissues from normal dogs but was undetectable in the same tissues from the proband. Based on the clinical history, fluorescence and electron-microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and molecular genetic findings, the late-onset Weimaraner disorder likely results from the missense mutation that results in CNPase deficiency, leading to myelin abnormalities, accumulation of lysosomal storage bodies, and brain atrophy. Similar disorders have been associated with different CNP variants in Dalmatians and in human subjects.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.2035.v1

Quantification of Circulating Cell-Free DNA in Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease Patients

Małgorzata Wojtkowska, Natalia Karczewska, Klaudia Pacewicz, Andrzej Pacak, Piotr Kopeć, Jolanta Florczak - Wyspiańska, Karolina Popławska - Domaszewicz, Tomasz Małkiewicz, Bartosz Sokół

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Parkinson`s disease; mitochondria; circulating cell free DNA (ccfDNA); mitochondrial (mtDNA); nuclear (ccfDNA); droplet digital PCR ddPCR

Online: 29 January 2024 (12:45:51 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1926.v1

Hypergraph of Functional Connectivity Based on Event-Related Coherence: MEG Data Analysis

Natalia Peña Serrano, Rider Jaimes-Reátegui, Alexander N. Pisarchik

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: brain; magnetoencephalography (MEG); network; hypergraph; coherence

Online: 26 January 2024 (14:01:35 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1894.v1

Deciphering the Dose-Dependent Effects of Thymoquinone on Transcriptomic Changes and Cellular Proliferation in Glioblastoma

Rachana Pandey, Purushothaman Natarajan, Umesh K Reddy, Wei Du, Cristian Sirbu, Moussa Sissoko, Gerald R Hankins

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Glioblastoma; Thymoquinone; RNA-Sequencing; Gene Expression; Pathway Analysis; A172 Cells

Online: 26 January 2024 (08:41:19 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1824.v1

Eicosapentaenoic Acid Modulates Transient Receptor Potential V1 Expression on Specific Brain Areas in a Mouse Fibromyalgia Pain Model

Hsien-Yin Liao, Chia-Ming Yen, I-Han Hsiao, Hsin-Cheng Hsu, Yi-Wen Lin

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Eicosapentaenoic acid; fibromyalgia; chemogenetics, thalamus; mPFC; TRPV1

Online: 25 January 2024 (14:11:58 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1838.v1

IP3R-Mediated Calcium Release Promotes Ferroptotic Death in SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells

Joaquín Campos, Silvia Gleitze, Cecilia Hidalgo, Marco T. Núñez

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Ferroptosis; Calcium signaling; IP3R; Reactive oxygen species; Lipid peroxidation; Oxidative stress; RSL3.

Online: 25 January 2024 (13:17:39 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1740.v1

Electroacupuncture Reduces Fibromyalgia Pain via Neuronal/Microglial Inactivation and Toll-Like Receptor 4 in the Mouse Brain: Precise Interpretation of Chemogenetics

Sheng-Ta Tsai, Chia-Chun Yang, Hsien-Yin Liao, Yi-Wen Lin

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Electroacupuncture; Fibromyalgia; Microglia; TLR4, Thalamus, Chemogenetics

Online: 24 January 2024 (11:07:25 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1893.v2

Critical Periods and Vulnerability of Cerebellar Development in Human and Rodent

Judith A.W. Westerhuis, Jeroen Dudink, Chris I. De Zeeuw, Cathrin B. Canto

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Cerebellum; development; critical periods; alcohol; smoking; intrauterine insults; sleep; infection

Online: 24 January 2024 (09:29:48 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1633.v1

Mesencephalic Locomotor Region and Presynaptic Inhibition during Anticipatory Postural Adjustments in People with Parkinson’s Disease

Carla Silva-Batista, Jumes Lira, Daniel Boari Coelho, Andrea Lima-Pardini, Mariana Nucci, Eugenia Mattos, Fernando Henrique Magalhães, Egberto Barbosa, Luis Teixeira, Edson Amaro Jr, Carlos Ugrinowitsch, Fay B. Horak

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Mesencephalic locomotor region; Anticipatory Postural Adjustment; Presynaptic inhibition; Freezers; Step initiation; H-reflex

Online: 23 January 2024 (13:44:14 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1652.v1

Exploring the Interaction of E3 Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Parkin with Natural Compound Amentoflavone: Implications for Parkinson’s Disease Therapy

Ivan Vito Ferrari

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: docking studies; amentoflavone; Parkinson's disease; pyrx program

Online: 23 January 2024 (07:47:32 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1522.v1

High Doses of Radiation Cause Cochlear Immunological Stress and Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Mengwen Shi, Huiwen Yang, Ye Wang, Chengcai Lai, Jintao Yu, Yu Sun

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Radiation; Sensorineural hearing loss; Macrophage; Cochlear Inflammation

Online: 22 January 2024 (10:08:50 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1555.v1

Protective Effect of the Novel Melatonin Analogue, Containing Donepezil Fragment on Memory Impairment via MT / ERK / CREB Signaling in the Hippocampus in a Rat Model of Pinealectomy and Subsequent Aβ_1–42 Infusion

Jana Dimitrova Tchekalarova, Petya Ivanova, Desislava Krushovlieva, Lidia Kortenska, Violina T. Angelova

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Alzheimer's disease; Melatonin; Melatonin analogue; icvAβ _1-42; pTAU; MT receptors; ERK; CREB

Online: 22 January 2024 (05:45:34 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1448.v1

Increased Cortisol and Antiglucocorticoid Therapy in Mood Disorders: The Hippocampus as a Potential Drug Target

Natalia V. Gulyaeva

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: mood diseases; hippocampus; stress; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis; cortisol; depression; glucocorticoids; antiGC; glucocorticoid receptor; mifepristone

Online: 19 January 2024 (09:58:52 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.2036.v2

Pilocarpine-Induced Status Epilepticus in the Rat Hippocampus Is Associated with Reactive Glia and Concomitant Increased Expression of CD31, PDGFRβ and Collagen IV in Endothelial Cells and Pericytes of the Blood-Brain Barrier

Grigorios Kyriatzis, Anne Bernard, Angélique Bole, Michel KHRESTCHATISKY, Lotfi FERHAT

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Temporal lobe epilepsy; Pilocarpine; Hippocampus; Epileptogenesis; Gliosis; Inflammation; Blood-brain barrier; Endothelial cells; Pericytes; Basement membrane

Online: 18 January 2024 (14:00:33 CET)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1288.v1

Light and Brain: A Clinical Case Depicting the Effects of Light on Brainwaves and Possible Presence of Plasma-Like Brain Energy.

Zamzuri Idris, Zaitun Zakaria, Ang Song Yee, Diana Noma Fitzrol, Muhammad Ihfaz Ismail, Abdul Rahman Izaini Ghani, Jafri Malin Abdullah, Mohd Hasyizan Hassan, Nursakinah Suardi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: light, photobiomodulation; brainwaves; thermodynamics; quantum brain; plasma; black body; awake brain surgery; electrocorticography

Online: 17 January 2024 (08:38:17 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1056.v1

Transauricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation to Improve Emotional States

Ainara Aranberri Ruiz

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: emotion, emotional disorders, neuromodulation, transauricular vagus nerve stimulation

Online: 15 January 2024 (10:39:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1005.v1

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Ameliorates Stress-Induced Sleep Disruption via Activating Infralimbic Cortex-Ventrolateral Preoptic Area Projections

Yu-Jie Su, Pei-Lu Yi, Fang-Chia Chang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs); infralimbic cortex; sleep; stress; transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS); ventrolateral preoptic area

Online: 15 January 2024 (02:28:51 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0998.v1

The Interplay of Neurotransmitters and Calcium Dynamics in Retinal Synapses During Development, Health, and Disease

Johane M. Boff, Abhishek P Shrestha, Saivikram Madireddy, Nilmini Viswaprakash, Luca Della Santina, Thirumalini Vaithianathan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Retina, neurotransmitters, calcium, neural processes, vision, retinal development, synaptic transmission, retinal diseases, ocular disorders, therapeutic advancements.

Online: 12 January 2024 (10:16:16 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0990.v1

Misalignment of Sleep-Wake Circadian Rhythm Formation in Infant is a Possible Precursor for Future Autism Spectrum Disorder

Teruhisa Miike, Kentaro Oniki, Makiko Toyoura, Shiro Tonooka, Seiki Tajima, Junji Saruwatari, Jun Kinoshita, Yukuo Konishi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: ASD; infants; circadian rhythm; sleep disorder; Melatonin; Prophylactic therapy

Online: 12 January 2024 (09:19:52 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0996.v1

Finding Inner Peace, Forging Inner Strength with GABA: the Intertwined Dance of Mental Relaxation and the Immune System

Marco Ruggiero

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Brain; immune system; gamma-aminobutyric acid GABA; chondroitin sulfate; relaxation; stress ;

Online: 12 January 2024 (09:03:15 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0765.v1

The Contribution of Tumor Necrosis Factor to Multiple Sclerosis Progression Independent of Relapses

Valentina Mazziotti, Francesco Crescenzo, Ermanna Turano, Maddalena Guandalini, Maddalena Bertolazzo, Stefano Ziccardi, Federica Virla, Valentina Camera, Damiano Marastoni, Agnese Tamanti, Massimiliano Calabrese

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: TNF biology; MS pathology; PIRA; MS lesions; chronic compartmentalized inflammation; neurodegeneration; biomarkers; disease progression. 1. Introduction

Online: 10 January 2024 (09:54:47 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0410.v2

Plasma mir-203a-3p as a Novel Diagnostic Biomarker in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease Dementia

Ya-Fang Hsu, Shau-Ping Lin, Yung-Tsai Chu, Yi-Tzang Tsai, Frederick Kin Hing Phoa, Ruey-Meei Wu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Plasma Biomarker; MicroRNA; Parkinson’ s Disease; Cognitive decline; Droplet digital PCR

Online: 9 January 2024 (14:48:40 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0528.v1

Neuroplastic Changes in Adult Urogenital Sensation Induced by Neonatal Cystitis – A Review of Studies and Filling of Gaps

Timothy Ness Ness, Cary DeWitte

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: interstitial cystitis; visceral pain; neonatal; urinary bladder

Online: 8 January 2024 (13:44:40 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0556.v1

Simulated Dopamine Modulation of a Neurorobotic Model of the Basal Ganglia

Tony J. Prescott, Fernando Montes Gonzalez, Kevin Gurney, Mark D. Humphries, Peter Redgrave

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: neurorobotics; basal ganglia; computational psychiatry; Parkinson's disease; dopamine; dopamine dysregulation; computational neuroscience

Online: 8 January 2024 (06:46:30 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0477.v1

Identification of Alzheimer’s Disease by Molecular Imaging: Progress and Prospects

Liwei Xing, Xiaoman Lv, Yiting Guo, Chengting Jiang, Meng Li, Mengjia Yang, Rui Guo, Xianhu Zhu, Xiahuang Li, Hongling Shi, Dongdong Qin

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Alzheimer's disease; Molecular Imaging; pathogenesis; diagnosis; treatments

Online: 5 January 2024 (14:24:20 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0419.v1

Two Sides of the Same Coin: Genes Involved in Neurodegeneration and Cancer

Martina Montanari, Maria Meringolo, Ilham El Atiallah, Alessandro Renna, Giuseppina Martella

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Neurodegeneration; inflammation; cancer; Parkinson's Disease; neuron; cell biology; interleukins; disease progression; genetic and somatic mutations; double hit hypothesis

Online: 4 January 2024 (14:13:35 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0410.v1

Plasma mir-203a-3p as a Novel Diagnostic Biomarker in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease Dementia

Ya-Fang Hsu, Shau-Ping Lin, Yung-Tsai Chu, Yi-Tzang Tsai, Frederick Kin Hing Phoa, Ruey-Meei Wu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Plasma Biomarker; MicroRNA; Parkinson’s Disease; Cognitive decline; Droplet digital PCR

Online: 4 January 2024 (11:35:28 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0315.v1

CoQ10 and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease

Zdeněk Fišar, Jana Hroudová

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Coenzyme Q10; Mitochondrial dysfunction; Oxidative stress; Drug

Online: 4 January 2024 (03:33:56 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.2323.v1

Chemogenetics Modulation of Electroacupuncture Analgesia in Mice Spared Nerve Injury-Induced Neuropathic Pain through TRPV1 Signalling Pathway

I-Han Hsiao, Chia-Ming Yen, Hsin-Cheng Hsu, Hsien-Yin Liao, Yi-Wen Lin

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Neuropathic pain; Chemogenetics; TRPV1; pERK; Electroacupuncture; SSC

Online: 29 December 2023 (15:29:21 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.2311.v1

Neuroprotective Effect of Therapeutic Hypothermia in Cognitive Impairment of tMCAo Mouse Model

Ji Sun Lim, Shin Kim, Mee-Na Park, Hyunsu Lee, Hye Suk Baek, Jin Kyung Kim, Hae Won Kim, Jeong-Ho Hong

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Ischemic stroke, Hypothermia, Cognition, Neuroprotection

Online: 29 December 2023 (13:35:09 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.2289.v1

Sporadic Inclusion Body Myositis at the Crossroad between Muscle Degeneration, Inflammation and Aging

Valeria Guglielmi, Marta Cheli, Paola Tonin, Gaetano Vattemi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM); muscle fiber degeneration; protein aggregation; inflammation; aging; inflammaging.

Online: 29 December 2023 (12:03:51 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.2245.v1

Correlation of Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Proteins with Pathology in Alzheimer’s Disease

Geidy E. Serrano, Jessica Walker, Courtney Nelson, Michael Glass, Richard Arce, Anthony Intorcia, Madison P. Cline, Natalie Lana Nabaty, Amanda Acuña, Ashton Huppert Steed, Lucia Sue, Christine Belden, Parichita Choudhury, Eric Reiman, Alireza Atri, Thomas G Beach

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: aging; SNAP25; PSD95; neurofibrillary tangles; amyloid plaques; Braak stage; cerebral cortex; PET imaging

Online: 29 December 2023 (11:29:36 CET)

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Synaptic transmission is essential for nervous system function and the loss of synapses is a known major contributor to dementia. Alzheimer’s disease dementia (ADD) is characterized by synaptic loss in the mesial temporal lobe and cerebral neocortex, brain areas associated with memory and cognition. The association of synaptic loss and ADD was established in the late 1980s and it has been estimated that 30-50% of neocortical synaptic protein is lost in ADD, but there has not yet been a quantitative profiling of different synaptic proteins in different brain regions in ADD from the same individuals. Very recently, PET imaging of synapses is being developed, accelerating the focus on the role of synaptic loss in ADD and other conditions. In this study, we quantified densities of two synaptic proteins, the presynaptic protein SNAP25 and the postsynaptic protein PSD95 in human brain using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Protein was extracted from the cingulate, hippocampus, frontal, visual, and entorhinal cortex from cognitively unimpaired controls, subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and demented subjects with different levels of Alzheimer’s pathology. SNAP25 is significantly reduced in ADD when compared to controls in frontal cortex, visual cortex and cingulate; while hippocampus showed a smaller, non-significant reduction and entorhinal cortex concentrations were not different. In contrast, all brain areas showed lower PSD95 concentrations in ADD when compared to non-demented controls, although in hippocampus this failed to reach significance. Interestingly, cognitively unimpaired cases with high levels of AD pathology had higher levels of both synaptic proteins in all brain regions. SNAP25 and PSD95 concentrations significantly correlated with densities of neurofibrillary tangles, amyloid plaques and Mini Mental State Examination scores. Our results suggest that synaptic transmission is affected by ADD in multiple brain regions. Differences were less marked in entorhinal cortex and hippocampus, most likely due to a ceiling effect imposed by the very early development of neurofibrillary tangles in older people in these brain regions.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.2144.v1

Neuroprotective Effects of Noncanonical PAR1-Agonists on Cultured Neurons at Excitotoxicity

Irina Babkina, Irina Savinkova, Tatiana Molchanova, Maria Sidorova, Alexander Surin, Liubov Gorbacheva

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: activated protein C; neuroprotection; protease-activated receptors; neurons; glutamate; intracellular calcium

Online: 28 December 2023 (05:44:21 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.2050.v1

Dynamic Measures of Balance during an Obstacle-crossing in Self-selected Gait in Individuals with Mild to Moderate Parkinson’s Disease

Cathy Harro, Gordon J Alderink, Lauren Hickox, David W. Zeitler, Michelle Avery, Courtney Daman, Dori Laker

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: spatiotemporal gait parameters; center of pressure; center of mass; extrapolated center of mass; margin of stability

Online: 27 December 2023 (10:08:57 CET)

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Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease (PD) are at an increased risk of falls due to associated motor symptoms and impaired postural control. Gait dysfunction, observed soon after diagnosis, leads to disability with disease progression. The purpose of this study was to determine if there were differences in dynamic postural control during self-paced walking and obstacle-crossing between persons with mild to moderate PD and healthy controls. Participants included nine individuals with mild to moderate PD (PD cohort) and nine age- and gender-matched controls (CON cohort). Anatomical marker trajectories and ground reaction forces were collected as participants walked along the pathway. Three successful representative right and left gait cycles were analyzed using Visual3D biomechanical software. Analyses, involving a mixed model ANOVA using R Statistical Software, examined spatiotemporal (ST) gait parameters for strides involving the leading and trailing limbs and dynamic balance variables, including COM - COP inclination angle, and the COP - COM M/L, COP - XCOM M/L, UMAX - XCOM M/L distances, at distinct points from the stance limb related to the leading and trailing legs. There were no differences between CON and PD for all ST gait parameters during obstacle crossing, except for a significantly reduced step length (p = 0.00489) for the PD group related to the trailing limb. However, there were significant main effects of Step and Condition interacting with Step for swing time, stance time, and step length. For both CON and PD groups the COP - COM , COP - XCOM , UMAX - XCOM metrics demonstrated that the COM was medial to the BOS from first double support, generally moving more medially through second double support for the stance limb during motion of the leading and trailing limbs. Event and Event interacting with Condition were significant for the COP - COM and COP - XCOM variables, while UMAX – XCOM was significant only for Event (p < 0.001). The PD group demonstrated significantly larger mean values for COP – COM M/L at first double support (p = 0.00435) and COP - XCOM M/L at second double support (p = 0.0158) for the second step. Our results suggest that the margin of stability may be useful in discerning dynamic postural control adaptations during walking and obstacle negotiation in persons with mild PD.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.2067.v1

Neuroprotective Effects of the Nutraceutical Dehydrozingerone and its C2- symmetric Dimer in a Drosophila Model of Parkinson’s Disease

Maria Dolores Setzu, Ignazia Mocci, Davide Fabbri, Paola Carta, Patrizia Muroni, Andrea Diana, Maria Antonietta Dettori, Maria Antonietta Casu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Parkinson’s Disease; nutraceutical compounds; dehydrozingerone; hydroxylated biphenyls, nat-ural compounds; Drosophila Melanogaster; LRRK2, neuroprotection

Online: 27 December 2023 (09:49:17 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.2049.v1

Pericyte-Tunnelling Nanotube-Driven Angiogenesis and C-KIT Immunolocalization in Human Developing Brain and Glioblastoma

Mariella Errede, Antonio D’Amati, Tiziana Annese, Ignazio De Trizio, Thomas Wälchli, Francesco Girolamo, Daniela Virgintino

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: c-KIT; tunnelling nanotubes; pericytes; angiogenesis; human brain; glioblastoma

Online: 27 December 2023 (05:18:32 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.2054.v1

Structural Characterization and Antidepressant-Like Effects of Polygonum sibiricum Polysaccharides Associated with Regulating Microglial Polarization in Cums-Induced Zebrafish

Ying yu Zhang, Dan yang Wang, Jia meng Liu, Ya juan Bai, Bei Fan, Cong Lu, Feng zhong Wang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: depression; Polygonati Rhizoma polysaccharides; microglia polarization

Online: 27 December 2023 (05:03:49 CET)

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: Background: The polysaccharides are one of the main active ingredients of Polygonum sibiricum (PSP), which is a traditional food and medicine homologues in China. The antidepressant-like effects of PSP and its underlying mechanisms remain to be studied in depth, especially the regulation of microglial polarization. Methods: The chemical composition and structural characteristics of PSP was determined firstly. The CUMS procedure was carried out to the zebrafish for 5 weeks and PSP were immersed administration for 9 days (1 h/d). The body weight of zebrafish was monitored and the behavioral tests, including the novel tank test and light and dark tank test, were performed to evaluate the antidepressant-like effects of PSP. Then the function of HPI axis, the levels of peripheral inflammation, neuronal and blood-brain barrier damage in mesencephalon and telencephalon and the mRNA expression of M1/M2 phenotype genes in brain were examined. Results: PSP samples had the typical structure characteristics of polysaccharide, consisting of glucose, mannose and galactose with the average Mw 20.48 kDa, which owned a porous and agglomerated morphology. Compared with untreated zebrafish, the depression-like behaviors of CUMS-induced zebrafish were significantly attenuated. PSP significantly decreased the levels of cortisol and the pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines in the body of CUMS-induced depressive zebrafish. Furthermore, neuronal and blood-brain barrier damage in mesencephalon and telencephalon and the mRNA expression of M1/M2 phenotype genes in brain were remarkably reversed by PSP. Conclusion: These findings indicated that the antidepressant-like effects of PSP were related to alter the HPI axis hyperactivation, suppress peripheral inflammation, inhibit neuroinflammation induced by microglia hyperactivation, and modulate microglial M1/M2 polarization. The current study provides foundation to the future exploitation of PSP in the functional foods of emotional regulation.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1812.v1

Distinct Alterations of Dendritic Spine Morphology in the Absence of β-Neurexins

Leonie Mohrmann, Jochen Seebach, Markus Missler, Astrid Rohlmann

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: cell-adhesion molecules; synaptic plasticity; mushroom spine; 3D reconstruction; perforated PSD, transmission electron microscopy; dense-core vesicles; mouse; hippocampus

Online: 25 December 2023 (05:37:51 CET)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1559.v1

The Role of Early Rehabilitation and Functional Electrical Stimu-Lation in Partial Traumatic Brachial Plexus Injury Cats: A Pilot Study

Débora Gouveia, Ana Cardoso, Carla Carvalho, Inês Rijo, António Almeida, Óscar Gamboa, Bruna Lopes, Patrícia Sousa, André Coelho, Maria Manuel Balça, António J. Salgado, Rui Alvites, Artur Severo P. Varejão, Ana Colette Maurício, António Ferreira, Ângela Martins

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: brachial plexus injury; cats; electrical stimulation; locomotor training; rehabilitation.

Online: 20 December 2023 (12:05:02 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1162.v2

Structural Variations of Prions and Prion-Like Proteins Associated with Neurodegeneration

Carter Sky Christensen, Wenshu Li, Danyang Yu, Henry James Li

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: prions; neurodegeneration; Alzheimer’ s disease; protein homeostasis; aggregation; prion-like proteins; amyloid beta; hyperphosphorylated tau; self replication

Online: 19 December 2023 (09:42:02 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1416.v1

Exploring Heading Direction Perception in Cervical Dystonia, Tremor, and Their Coexistence

Aratrik Guha, Hanieh Agharazi, Palak Gupta, Aasef Shaikh

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Dystonia, Tremor, dystonic tremor, tremor associated with dystonia, basal ganglia, cerebellum, balance, postural abnormality

Online: 19 December 2023 (08:48:35 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1415.v1

The Importance of Complement-Mediated Immune Signaling in Alzheimer’s Disease Pathogenesis

André Felipe Batista, Khyrul Anam Khan, Maria-Tzousi Papavergi, Cynthia Ann Lemere

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: complement system; neurodegeneration; Alzheimer’s disease; neuroinflammation; aging; brain development

Online: 19 December 2023 (08:46:04 CET)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1336.v1

Missense Variants in COL4A1/2 Are Associated with Cerebral Aneurysms: A Case Report and Literature Review

Masahiro Uemura, Natsuki Tanaka, Shoichiro Ando, Takehiko Yanagihara, Osamu Onodera

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: COL4A1; COL4A2; cerebral aneurysm; small vessel disease; large vessel abnormality

Online: 18 December 2023 (12:50:43 CET)

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