Search Subject Areas | Preprints.org

Preprint SHORT NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0117.v1

Medical Waste Management during COVID-19 Situation: Perspective Towards Safe Environment

MANOJ KUMAR JINDAL, Dr. Santosh Kumar Sar

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: COVID-19; Medical Waste; Sustainability; Environment.

Online: 3 June 2021 (13:22:55 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0439.v1

Meycauayan, an Industrial City in Bulacan, Philippines: Heavy Metal Pollution in Soil and Surface Sediments and Their Relationship to Environmental Indicators

Reymar Diwa, Custer Deocaris, Aileen Orbecido, Arnel Beltran, Edgar Vallar, Maria Cecilia Galvez, Lawrence Belo

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: heavy metals; MMORS, Meycauayan River; soil pollution; multivariate analysis; Sediment Quality Guidelines; Single Pollution Index

Online: 16 June 2021 (10:34:20 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0327.v1

Estimation of Solid Medical Waste Production and Environmental Impact Analysis in the Context of COVID-19: A Case Study of Hubei Province in China

Yifan Song, Jinquan Ye, Yurong Liu, Yun Zhong

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: COVID-19; Medical waste; Environmental impac; China

Online: 13 April 2021 (09:09:57 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0470.v1

River Influx Drives Heavy Metal Pollution in Manila Bay, Philippines: An Insight from Multivariate Analyses

Reymar Diwa, Custer Deocaris, Lawrence Belo

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: heavy metals; surface sediment; Manila Bay; pollution; multivariate analysis; ecological risk

Online: 18 June 2021 (08:32:18 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0025.v1

The Role of Natural Factors on Major Climate Variability in Northern Winter

Indrani Roy

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: solar variability; NAO; ENSO; volcanic eruptions; multiple regression

Online: 3 August 2016 (05:54:22 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Working Paper REVIEW

Impact of El Niño and La Niña on Agriculture in Ethiopia: Implications for El Niño and La Niña Adaptation and Food Security in Ethiopia

Abadi Berhane, Teklay Tesfay

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: El Niño; La Niña; statistical indices; climate change adaptation; Ethiopia

Online: 3 September 2020 (15:33:05 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.3390/sci1010021

Trend Analysis of Temperature Data for Narayani River Basin, Nepal

Mohan Chand, Bikas Bhattarai, Prashant Baral, Niraj Pradhananga

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: climate change; temperature trend; Himalaya; river basin; Nepal

Online: 3 April 2019 (00:00:00 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Study of spatiotemporal dynamics of temperature is vital to assess changes in climate, especially in the Himalayan region where livelihoods of billions of people living downstream depends on water coming from the melting of snow and glacier. To this end, temperature trend analysis is carried out in Narayani river basin, a major river basin of Nepal characterized by three climatic regions: tropical, subtropical and alpine. Temperature data from six stations located within the basin are analyzed. The elevation of these stations ranges from 460 to 3800 m asl. and the time period of available temperature data ranges from 1960–2015. Multiple regression and empirical mode decomposition (EMD) methods are applied to fill in the missing data. Annual as well as seasonal trends are analyzed and Mann-Kendall test is employed for testing the statistical significance of detected trend. Results indicate significant cooling trends before 1970s, and warming trends after 1970s in the majority of the stations. The warming trends range from 0.028

^{\circ}

C per year to 0.035

^{\circ}

C per year with a mean increasing trend of 0.03

^{\circ}

C per year after 1971. Seasonal trends show highest warming trends in monsoon season followed by winter, pre-monsoon, and post-monsoon season. However, difference in warming rates between different seasons isn’t sufficiently large. An average temperature lapse rate of −0.006

^{\circ}

C per m with the steepest value (−0.0064

^{\circ}

C per m) in pre-monsoon season and least negative (−0.0052

^{\circ}

C per m) in winter season is observed for this basin. A comparative analysis of the gap-filled data with freely available global climate data sets shows reasonable correlation thus confirming the suitability of the gap filling methods.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201702.0014.v1

Temperature and Precipitation Trend Analysis over the Last 30 Years in Southern Tigray Regional State, Ethiopia

Birhanu Hayelom, Yingjun Chen, Zinabu Marsie, Miseker Negash

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: temperature; precipitation; ethiopia; mann kendall; climate variability

Online: 5 February 2017 (08:56:29 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201607.0006.v1

Governing Climate Change Risks: Subnational Climate Policies in Brazil

Fabiana Barbi, Leila Da Costa Ferreira

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: adaptation; Brazil; climate change policy; mitigation; risks

Online: 7 July 2016 (10:54:49 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0019.v1

Uncertainty Assessments of Satellite Derived Rainfall Products

Margaret Kimani, Joost Hoedjes, Zhongbo Su

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: satellite; rainfall; estimates; rain gauge; uncertainties; topography; seasonality; East Africa

Online: 2 November 2016 (09:25:04 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Accurate and consistent rainfall observations are vital for climatological studies in support of better planning and decision making. However, estimation of accurate spatial rainfall is limited by sparse rain gauge distributions. Satellite rainfall products can thus potentially play a role in spatial rainfall estimation but their skill and uncertainties need to be under-stood across spatial-time scales. This study aimed at assessing the temporal and spatial performance of seven satellite products (TARCAT (Tropical Applications of Meteorology using SATellite and ground-based observations (TAMSAT) African Rainfall Climatology And Time series), Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS), Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM-3B43), Climate Prediction Center (CPC) Morphing (CMORPH), the Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks- Climate Data Record (PERSIANN-CDR), CPC Merged Analysis of Precipitation (CMAP) and Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) using gridded (0.05o) rainfall data over East Africa for 15 years(1998-2012). The products’ error distributions were qualitatively compared with large scale horizontal winds (850 mb) and elevation patterns with respect to corresponding rain gauge data for each month during the ‘long’ (March-May) and ‘short’ (October-December) rainfall seasons. For validation only rainfall means extracted from 284 rain gauge stations were used, from which qualitative analysis using continuous statistics of Root Mean Squared Difference, Standard deviations, Correlations, coefficient of determinations (from scatter plots) were used to evaluate the products’ performance. Results revealed rainfall variability dependence on wind flows and modulated by topographic influences. The products’ errors showed seasonality and dependent on rainfall intensity and topography. Single sensor and coarse resolution products showed lowest performance on high ground areas. All the products showed low skills in retrieving rainfall during ‘short’ rainfall season when orographic processes were dominant. CHIRPS, CMORPH and TRMM performed well, with TRMM showing the best performance in both seasons. There is need to reduce products’ errors before applications.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0125.v1

An Experimental Combined Objective and Subjective Investigation of Thermal Comfort Perception in a Non-Air-Conditioned Lyceum School Building

Eleni Papazoglou, Konstantinos Moustris, Konstantinos-Stefanos Nikas, Panagiotis Nastos, John Statharas

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: human thermal comfort-discomfort; Fanger’s model; PMV; PPD

Online: 25 December 2016 (08:48:27 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201712.0150.v1

Probability Distribution of Philippine Daily Rainfall Data

Vanessa Althea B. Bermudez, Ariel Bettina B. Abilgos, Diane Carmeliza N. Cuaresma, Jomar F. Rabajante

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Philippines; rainfall; precipitation; Gamma distribution; probability; weather risk

Online: 21 December 2017 (04:43:17 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.3390/sci1030057

Perception to Adaptation of Climate Change in Nepal: An Empirical Analysis Using Multivariate Probit Model

Arun GC, Jun-Ho Yeo

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: adaptation; perception; climate change; Nepal; multivariate probit

Online: 20 September 2019 (00:00:00 CEST)

Show abstract| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.3390/sci1020049

Trend Analysis of Temperature Data for Narayani River Basin, Nepal

Mohan Bahadur Chand, Bikas Chandra Bhattarai, Niraj Shankar Pradhananga, Prashant Baral

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: climate change; temperature trend; Himalaya; river basin; Nepal

Online: 14 August 2019 (00:00:00 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Study of spatiotemporal dynamics of temperature is vital to assess changes in climate, especially in the Himalayan region where livelihoods of billions of people living downstream depends on water coming from the melting of snow and glacier ice. To this end, temperature trend analysis is carried out in Narayani river basin, a major river basin of Nepal characterized by three climatic regions: tropical, subtropical and alpine. Temperature data from six stations located within the basin were analyzed. The elevation of these stations ranges from 460 to 3800 m a.s.l. and the time period of available temperature data ranges from 1960–2015. Multiple regression and empirical mode decomposition (EMD) methods were applied to fill in missing data and to detect trends. Annual as well as seasonal trends were analyzed and a Mann-Kendall test was employed to test the statistical significance of detected trends. Results indicate significant cooling trends before 1970s, and warming trends after 1970s in the majority of the stations. The warming trends range from 0.028

\circ " style="position: relative;"> \circ

C year

- 1 " style="position: relative;"> - 1

to 0.035

\circ " style="position: relative;"> \circ

C year

- 1 " style="position: relative;"> - 1

with a mean increasing trend of 0.03

\circ " style="position: relative;"> \circ

C year

- 1 " style="position: relative;"> - 1

after 1971. Seasonal trends show highest warming trends in the monsoon season followed by winter, pre-monsoon, and the post-monsoon season. However, difference in warming rates between different seasons was not significant. An average temperature lapse rate of −0.006

\circ " style="position: relative;"> \circ

C m

- 1 " style="position: relative;"> - 1

with the steepest value (−0.0064

\circ " style="position: relative;"> \circ

C m

- 1 " style="position: relative;"> - 1

) in pre-monsoon season and least negative (−0.0052

\circ " style="position: relative;"> \circ

C m

- 1 " style="position: relative;"> - 1

) in winter season was observed for this basin. A comparative analysis of the gap-filled data with freely available global climate datasets show reasonable correlation thus confirming the suitability of the gap filling methods.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0010.v1

Attenuation Correction for Ka-band Cloud Radar Using X-band Weather Radar Data

Peng Zhang, Yunjie Chen

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: millimeter-wavelength cloud radar; attenuation correction; dual-radar; data fusion

Online: 1 November 2016 (10:05:18 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0151.v2

Commercial Forest Carbon Protocol Over-credit Bias Delimited by Zero-threshold Carbon Accounting

Bruno D.V. Marino, Nahuel Bautista

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: American Carbon Registry; California Action Reserve; California Air Resources Board; VERRA; Clean Development Mechanism; net ecosystem exchange

Online: 7 July 2021 (11:54:59 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Working Paper ARTICLE

A Simple Method to Estimate Entropy and Free Energy of Atmospheric Gases from Their Action

Ivan Kennedy, Harold Geering, Michael Rose, Angus Crossan

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: statistical mechanics, partition functions, translational entropy, rotational entropy, vibrational entropy, Gibbs and Helmholtz energies,

Online: 25 March 2019 (11:42:11 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0098.v1

Remote Sensing Based Estimation of Evapo-Transpiration Using Selected Algorithms: The Case of Wonji Shoa Sugar Cane Estate, Ethiopia

Mulugeta Genanu, Tena Alamirew, Gabriel Senay, Mekonnen Gebremichael

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: ET; CWR; landsat ETM+; remote sensing; SEBAL; SSEB; SSEBop

Online: 9 August 2016 (12:27:09 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Remote sensing datasets are increasingly being used to provide spatially explicit large scale evapotranspiration (ET) estimates. The focus of this study was to estimate and thematically map pixel-by-pixel basis, and compare the actual evapotranspiration (ETa) of the Wonji Shoa Sugarcane Estate using Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL), Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) and Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) algorithms on Landsat7 ETM+ images acquired on four days in 2002. The algorithms were based on image processing which uses spatially distributed spectral satellite data and ground meteorological data to derive the surface energy balance components. The results obtained revealed that the ranges of the daily ETa estimated on January 25, February 26, September 06 and October 08, 2002 using SEBAL were 0.0–6.85, 0.0–9.36, 0.0–3.61, 0.0–6.83 mm/day; using SSEB 0.0–6.78, 0.0–7.81, 0.0–3.65, 0.0–6.46 mm/day, and SSEBop were 0.05–8.25, 0.0–8.82, 0.2–4.0, 0.0–7.40 mm/day, respectively. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values between SSEB and SEBAL, SSEBop and SEBAL, and SSEB and SSEBop were 0.548, 0.548, and 0.99 for January 25, 2002; 0.739, 0.753, and 0.994 for February 26, 2002;0.847, 0.846, and 0.999 for September 06, 2002; 0.573, 0.573, and 1.00 for October 08, 2002, respectively. The standard deviation of ETa over the sugarcane estate showed high spatio-temporal variability perhaps due to soil moisture variability and surface cover. The three algorithm results showed that well watered sugarcane fields in the mid-season growing stage of the crop and water storage areas had higher ETa values compared with the other dry agricultural fields confirming that they consumptively use more water. Generally during the dry season ETa is limited to water surplus areas only and in wet season, ETa was high throughout the entire sugarcane estate. The evaporation fraction (ETrF) results also followed the same pattern as the daily ETa over the sugarcane estate. The total crop and irrigation water requirement and effective rainfall estimated using the Cropwat model were 2468.8, 2061.6 and 423.8 mm/yr for January 2001 planted and 2281.9, 1851.0 and 437.8 mm/yr for March 2001 planted sugarcanes, respectively. The mean annual ETa estimated for the whole estate were 107 Mm³, 140 Mm³, and 178 Mm³ using SEBAL, SSEB, and SSEBop, respectively. Even though the algorithms should be validated through field observation, they have potential to be used for effective estimation of ET in the sugarcane estate.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0008.v3

Properties of the long-term oscillations in the middle atmosphere based on observations from TIMED/SABER

Yiyao Zhang, Shudao Zhou, Hanqing Shi, Zheng Sheng, Weilai Shi, Huadong Du, Zhiqiang Fan

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: AO; SAO; TO; amplitude; phase

Online: 6 October 2016 (08:52:44 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Working Paper REVIEW

Understanding the Value and Limits of Nature-Based Solutions to Climate Change and Other Global Challenges

Nathalie Seddon, Alexandre Chausson, Pam Berry, Cecile AJ Girardin, Alison Smith, Beth Turner

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: adaptation; mitigation; climate change; ecosystems; nature; restoration

Online: 24 November 2019 (13:05:56 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint SHORT NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0033.v1

Did COVID-19 Lockdown Brew “Amphan” into a Super Cyclone?

Velu Vinoj, Debadatta Swain

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: COVID19; Cyclone; Aerosols; Lockdown; Climate

Online: 3 July 2020 (12:06:09 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0116.v1

Addressing on Mechanism of Different Types of ENSO and Related Teleconnections and Solar Influence

Indrani Roy

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: solar cyclic variability; Canonical and Modoki ENSO; Indian summer monsoon

Online: 27 October 2016 (11:31:29 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0085.v1

The Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Parameterization Development with the Canadian Local Climate Model

Abderrazak Arif

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Parameterization, climate, Lightning, Atmosphere, Modelling, Thunderstorm, Convection, Forest, fires.

Online: 16 November 2016 (13:50:05 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0619.v1

Assessing the Potential Contribution of Pfumvudza Towards Climate Smart Agriculture in Zimbabwe: A Review

Never Mujere

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: climate smart agriculture; crop productivity; climate change; Pfumvudza; Zimbabwe

Online: 29 January 2021 (12:40:06 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201712.0107.v1

Climate Policy Implications of Nonlinear Decline of Arctic Land Permafrost and Sea Ice

Dmitry Yumashev, Chris Hope, Kevin Schaefer, Kathrin Riemann-Campe, Fernando Iglesias-Suarez, Elchin Jafarov, Gail Whiteman, Paul Young

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: climate change; cryosphere; Arctic; permafrost; sea ice; tipping elements; climate impacts; climate policy; Paris agreement

Online: 15 December 2017 (12:51:43 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0178.v1

Bias Correction of Chinese Fengyun-3C Microwave Humidity and Temperature Sounder Measurements in Retrieval of Atmospheric Parameters

Qiurui He, Zhenzhan Wang, Jieying He

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: FY-3C/MWHTS; linear regression correction; neural networks correction; one-dimensional variational algorithm; atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles

Online: 19 August 2016 (09:22:31 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

The Microwave Humidity and Temperature sounder (MWHTS) on board the Fengyun (FY)-3C satellite measure the outgoing radiance form the Earth surface and atmospheric constituents. MWHTS makes measurements in the isolated oxygen absorption line near 118 GHz and the vicinity of strong water vapor line around 183 GHz, can provide fine vertical distribution structure of both atmospheric humidity and temperature. However, in order to obtain the accurate soundings of humidity and temperature by the physical retrieval method, bias between the observed radiance and those simulated by radiative transfer model from the background or first guess profiles must be correct. In this study, two bias correction methods are developed through the correlation analysis between MWHTS measurements and air mass identified by the first guess profiles of the physical inversion, one is the linear regression correction (LRC) and the other is neural networks correction (NNC), representing the linear and nonlinear nature between MWHTS measurements and air mass, respectively. Both correction methods have been applied to MWHTS observed brightness temperatures over the geographic area (180° W-180° E, 60° S-60° N). The corrected results are evaluated by the probability density function of the difference between corrected observations and simulated values and the root mean square error (RMSE) with respect to simulated observations. The numerical results show that the NNC method perform better, especially in MWHTS channels 1 and 7-9 whose peak weight function heights are close to the surface. In order to assess the effects of bias correction methods proposed in this study on the retrieval accuracy, a one-dimensional variational system was built and applied to the MWHTS uncorrected and corrected brightness temperatures to estimated atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles, The retrieval results show that the NNC has better performance which is to be expected. An indication of the stability and robustness of NNC method is given which suggests that the NNC method has promising application perspectives in the physical retrieval.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0070.v1

The RUNE Experiment–A Database of Remote-Sensing Observations of Near-Shore Winds

Rogier Floors, Alfredo Peña, Guillaume Lea, Nikola Vasiljevic, Elliot Simon, Michael Courtney

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: coastal; experiment; lidar; near-shore; offshore; wind resources

Online: 18 October 2016 (07:51:46 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201609.0061.v1

A Satellite View of the Atmospheric Dry Intrusion and its Influences on the Mid-Latitude Disastrous Weather

Yi-xuan Shou, Feng Lu, Shaowen Shou

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: dry intrusion; Stratosphere-troposphere exchange; mid-latitude; satellite

Online: 18 September 2016 (10:27:56 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201702.0081.v1

Changes of Reference Evapotranspiration and Its Relationships to Dry/Wet Conditions Based on Aridity Index in Songnen Grassland, Northeast China

Qiyun Ma, Jiquan Zhang, Caiyun Sun, Enliang Guo, Feng Zhang, Mengmeng Wang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: reference evapotranspiration; climatic change; drought/wet; Songnen Grassland

Online: 22 February 2017 (16:46:01 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0064.v1

Estimation of Downwelling Surface Longwave Radiation under Heavy Dust Aerosol Sky

Chunlei Wang, Bo-Hui Tang, Hua Wu, Ronglin Tang, Zhao-Liang Li

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Downwelling surface longwave radiation (DSLR); dust aerosol; aerosol optical depth (AOD); MODIS

Online: 12 December 2016 (14:58:20 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0073.v2

A Physically-Constrained Calibration Database for Land Surface Temperature Using Infrared Retrieval Algorithms

João P. A. Martins, Isabel F. Trigo, Virgílio A. Bento, Carlos da Camara

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: land surface temperature; thermal infrared; calibration; generalized split-window; mono-window; database; radiative transfer

Online: 16 September 2016 (13:12:09 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201704.0035.v2

Higher Ocean Wind Speeds During Marine Cold Air Outbreaks

Erik W. Kolstad

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Cold air outbreaks; Air–sea interaction; Polar climate; Wind speed; polar lows

Online: 2 May 2017 (17:45:56 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0073.v1

Evaluation of Satellite Rainfall Estimates in the Pra Basin of Ghana

Collins Owusu, Kwaku Amaning Adjei, Samuel Nii Odai

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: rainfall; TMPA; CMORPH; Pra basin; satellite-based precipitation; Ghana

Online: 14 November 2016 (07:39:44 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0018.v1

Kriging with Unknown Variance Components for Regional Ionospheric Reconstruction

Ling Huang, Hongping Zhang, Peiliang Xu, Jianghui Geng, Cheng Wang, Jingnan Liu

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: ionospheric delay, Kriging spatial interpolation, semivariogram, variance component estimation, CMONOC

Online: 2 December 2016 (17:13:10 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Ionospheric delay has been a critical issue that limits the accuracy of GNSS precise positioning and navigation for single-frequency users, especially in mid- and low-latitude regions where irregularity of ionosphere is often significant. Kriging spatial interpolation techniques have been recently introduced to model the spatial correlation and variability of ionosphere, which intrinsically assume that the ionosphere field is stochastically stationary but does not take the random observational errors into account. In this paper, by treating the spatial statistical information on ionosphere as prior knowledge and based on TEC semivariogram analysis, we use Kriging techniques to spatially interpolate TEC values. By assuming that the stochastic models of both the ionospheric signals and measurement errors are only known up to some unknown factors, we propose a new Kriging spatial interpolation method with unknown variance components for both the signals of ionosphere and TEC measurements. Variance component estimation has been integrated with Kriging to reconstruct regional ionospherical delay. The method has been applied to data from the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC) and compared with the ordinary Kriging and polynomial interpolations with spherical cap harmonic functions, polynomial functions and low-degree spherical harmonic functions. The results have shown that the interpolation accuracy of the new proposed method is better than the ordinary Kriging and polynomial interpolation by about 1.2 TECU and 0.7 TECU, respectively. The root mean squared error of the proposed new Kriging with variance components is within 1.5 TECU and is smaller than those from other methods under comparison by about 1 TECU. When compared with ionospheric grid points, the mean squared error of the proposed method is within 6 TECU and smaller than Kriging, indicating that the proposed method can produce more accurate ionospheric delays and better estimation accuracy.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0690.v1

Assessing Low-Cost Terrestrial Laser Scanners for Deriving Forest Structure Parameters

Atticus E. L. Stovall, Jeff W Atkins

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: tls; tree; QSM; PAVD; foliage; sensor; lidar

Online: 30 July 2021 (09:32:59 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Working Paper ARTICLE

Growth, Yield, Quality and Microbial Diversity in Hydroponic Vertical Farming – Effect of Phycocyanin-Rich Spirulina Extract

Leonard Lerer, Jeet Varia, Cedric Kamaleson

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: vertical farming; controlled environment agriculture; plant factories; biostimulant; microbiome; hydroponics; aeroponics

Online: 28 May 2021 (11:07:33 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0095.v1

Temporal Variation of Particulate Matter Concentrations within the Urban Area of Athens, Greece

Hina Najam, Konstantinos Moustris, Panagiotis Nastos

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: particulate matter; temporal variation; urban area of Athens; Greece

Online: 18 December 2016 (10:51:57 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0129.v1

Space-Time Characterization of Rainfall Field in Tuscany

Alessandro Mazza

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: rainfall; rain gauge; kriging; trend detection

Online: 31 October 2016 (01:37:36 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0504.v1

Steps of The Asian Giants: Modeling the Body Size Related Foraging Ecology of Meganthropus palaeojavanicus, a 8 Feet Hominid in Central Java

Andri Wibowo

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: body size; foraging; hominid; slope; terrain

Online: 19 November 2020 (11:06:21 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0097.v1

The Vulnerability of Rice Value Chains in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review

Fanen Terdoo, Giuseppe Feola

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: vulnerability; resilience; rice value chains; climate change; Sub-Saharan Africa

Online: 9 August 2016 (12:09:07 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0380.v1

The Indian Summer Monsoon from a Speleothem d¹⁸O Perspective – a Review

Nikita Kaushal, Sebastian F. M. Breitenbach, Franziska A. Lechleitner, Ashish Sinha, Vinod C. Tewari, Syed Masood Ahmad, Max Berkelhammer, Shraddha Band, Madhusudan Yadava, Rengaswamy Ramesh, Gideon M. Henderson

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: speleothem; oxygen isotopes; monsoon; paleoclimate; India; SISAL; ISM; ASM

Online: 19 September 2018 (10:18:28 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0043.v1

Application of German Climate Change Adaptation Strategy for Federal State of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany

Eklavyya Popat, Falk Böttcher

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: climate change; climatic water balance; irrigation; natural snow cover; the DAS indicator project; Saxony-Anhalt; soil moisture content

Online: 7 December 2016 (11:30:40 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201906.0162.v1

Retrieval of snow properties from the Sentinel-3 Ocean and Land Colour Instrument

Alexander Kokhanovsky, Maxim Lamare, Olaf Danne, Marie Dumont, Carsten Brockmann, Ghislain Picard, Laurtent Arnaud, Vincent Favier, Bruno Jourdain, Emmanuel Lemeur, Biagio Di Mauro, Teruo Aoki, Masashi Niwano, Vladinmir Rozanov, Sergey Korkin, Sepp Kipfstuhl, Johannes Freitag, Maria Hoerhold, Alexandra Zuh, Diana Vladimirova, Anne-Katrine Faber, Hans-Christian Steen-Larsen, Sonja Wahl, Jonas Andresen, Baptiste Vandecrux, Dirk van As, Kenneth Mankoff, Michael Kern, Eleonora Zege, Jason Box

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: snow characteristics; optical remote sensing; sow grain size; specific surface area; albedo; Sentinel 3, OLCI

Online: 17 June 2019 (10:48:48 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.3390/sci1020038

Trend Analysis of Temperature Data for Narayani River Basin, Nepal

Mohan Bahadur Chand, Bikas Chandra Bhattarai, Prashant Baral, Niraj Shankar Pradhananga

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: climate change; temperature trend; Himalaya; river basin; Nepal

Online: 9 July 2019 (00:00:00 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0157.v1

MODIS Retrieval of Aerosol Optical Depth over Turbid Coastal Water

Yi WANG, Jun Wang, Robert C Levy, Xiaoguang Xu, Jeffrey S Reid

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: AOD; coastal water; MODIS; retrieval

Online: 22 May 2017 (05:53:30 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0025.v2

The Role of Natural Factors on Major Climate Variability in Northern Winter

Indrani Roy

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: solar variability; NAO; ENSO; volcanic eruptions; multiple regression

Online: 17 May 2017 (06:27:16 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0589.v1

Natural Hydrogen System in Western Australia?

Reza Rezaee

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Natural Hydrogen System; circular depressions; Archean iron-rich Craton; Western Australia

Online: 28 October 2020 (11:57:31 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0010.v1

Size Distribution, Seasonal Variations and Sources of Carbonaceous Aerosol in a Typical Industrial City Nanjing in Yangtze River Delta, China

Honglei Wang, Junlin An, Bin Zhu, Lijuan Shen, Qing Duan, Yuanzhe Shi

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: size distribution; OC; EC; seasonal variation; Yangtze River Delta

Online: 1 March 2017 (16:59:27 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint TECHNICAL NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0523.v1

Evaporation of Emitted Droplets Are An Important Factor Affecting the Lifetime of the Airborne Coronavirus

Pratim Biswas, Sukrant Dhawan

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: airborne; coronavirus; aerosol; transmission; lifetime

Online: 30 April 2020 (09:01:26 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0583.v1

A Re-evaluation of Climate Sensitivity

Ian Harold Wilson

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: greenhouse gases; climate sensitivity; rapid adjustments; Bayesian analysis

Online: 24 May 2021 (15:13:18 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0168.v1

GNSS-R Ice Sheet Altimetry in Greenland Using TDS-1 Data

Antonio Rius, Estel Cardellach, Fran Fabra, Weiqiang Li, Serni Ribó, Manuel Hernández-Pajares

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: GNSS-R; ice sheet; TDS-1; greenland; altimetry

Online: 23 May 2017 (08:46:30 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0117.v2

Seasonal Variation of Upper Blue Nile Basin Moisture Budget and the Global Moisture Dynamics in the Role of Spatiotemporal Precipitation Variability

Megbar Wondie, U.Jaya Raju, Samuel Kenea

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: evaporation; moisture budget; precipitation; recycling ratio

Online: 18 January 2019 (12:31:31 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0073.v1

A Physically-Constrained Calibration Database for Land Surface Temperature Using Infrared Retrieval Algorithms

João P. A. Martins, Isabel F. Trigo, Virgílio A. Bento, Carlos da Camara

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: land surface temperature; thermal infrared; calibration; generalized split-window; mono-window; database; radiative transfer

Online: 8 August 2016 (09:08:32 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201904.0216.v1

SMOS Neural Network Soil Moisture Data Assimilation in a Land Surface Model and Atmospheric Impact

Nemesio Rodriguez-Fernandez, Patricia de Rosnay, Clement Albergel, Philippe Richaume, Filipe Aires, Catherine Prigent, Yann Kerr

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: soil moisture; L-band; passive radiometry; data assimilation; numerical weather prediction

Online: 19 April 2019 (11:14:00 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0609.v1

To Bend the Curve of Terrestrial Biodiversity, Place Agency Centre Stage

Claude Garcia, Sini Savilaakso, Marieke Sassen, Natasha Stoudmann, René W. Verburg, Fabien Quétier, Miguel B. Araújo, Jean-François Bastin, Laurence Boutinot, Hélène Dessard, Anne Dray, Philip Fernbach, Scott Francisco, Jaboury Ghazoul, Laurène Feintrenie, Babak Naimi, Johan Oszwald, Stephan A. Pietsch, Brian E. Robinson, Plinio Sist, Steven A. Sloman, Terry Sunderland, Cédric Vermeulen, Lucienne Wilmé, Sarah J. Wilson, Patrick O. Waeber

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: agency; transition; cognition; land-use change; games; democracy

Online: 29 October 2020 (11:24:42 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Working Paper ARTICLE

What Is the Environmental Impact of Different Strategies for the Use of Medical and Community Masks?

Alexandre Bouchet, Julien Boucher, Kevin schutzbach, Nicolas Senn, blaise genton, david vernez

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Facemask; community mask; medical mask; recycling; reuse; carbon footprint; COVID-19

Online: 26 April 2021 (20:04:46 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201704.0024.v1

Variations of Carbon Monoxide Concentrations in the Megacity of São Paulo from 2000 to 2015 in Different Time Scales

José Roberto Rozante, Vinícius Rozante, Débora S. Alvim, Antônio Ocimar Manzi, Júlio Barboza Chiquetto, Monica Siqueira D'Amelio, Demerval Soares Moreira

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: carbon monoxide; diurnal cycle; seasonal cycle; urban pollution; pollution trends

Online: 4 April 2017 (11:14:07 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0509.v1

South East Asia’s Megalodon Shark First Record and Habitat Preference Modeling During Miocene Period (20 Ma) and Winter Monsoon Impacts in South Coast of West Java

Andri Wibowo

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Habitat use; model; megalodon; Java; shark

Online: 25 January 2021 (15:05:04 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201704.0035.v1

Higher Ocean Surface Wind Speeds During Marine Cold Air Outbreaks

Erik W. Kolstad

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: polar lows; meteorology; cold air outbreaks; mesoscale; air–sea interaction; numerical modelling

Online: 6 April 2017 (16:26:35 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0447.v1

The Impacts of Covid-19 on Circular Economy: Gaining Insight across the SCOPUS and Web of Science Research Articles with Text Mining Techniques

Khoa Tran, Tuyet Anh Nguyen

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: circular economy; Covid-19; Voyant tools; environmental sustainability; social sustainability; economic sustainability; text mining

Online: 20 February 2021 (01:42:10 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0105.v1

Mapping Built-Up Land with High Accuracy Using Fourier Transformation and Temporal Correction

Jinzhu Wang, Michalis Hadjikakou, Brett Bryan

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Built-up land; Fourier transformation; high-accuracy mapping; temporal correcti

Online: 4 December 2020 (11:58:42 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0106.v1

Understanding Opportunities for Urban Forest Expansion to Inform Goals: Working Toward a Virtuous Cycle in New York City

Michael L. Treglia, Natalia C. Piland, Karen Leu, Alaina Van Slooten, Emily Nobel Maxwell

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: social ecological system; tree canopy goal; urban conservation; urban forest equity; urban forest goals; urban tree canopy

Online: 7 June 2022 (11:08:20 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Urban forests are critical infrastructure for mitigating environmental and social challenges cities face. Municipalities and non-governmental entities, among others, often set goals (e.g., tree planting or canopy targets) to support urban forests and their benefits. We focus on canopy goals and develop conceptual underpinnings for an analysis of where additional canopy, as one important dimension of the urban forest, can fit within the landscape, while considering factors that influence where trees can be planted and where canopy can grow – ‘practical canopy.’ We apply this in New York City (NYC) to inform the setting of a canopy goal by the NYC Urban Forest Task Force (UFTF) for the NYC Urban Forest Agenda, which may trigger a virtuous cycle that supports the urban forest there. We further develop framing for a ‘priority canopy’ analysis to understand where urban forest expansion should be prioritized given more context (e.g., environmental hazards, local preferences), which can inform how expansion of the urban forest is achieved. We estimate an opportunity for 15,899 ha of new canopy in NYC given existing opportunities and constraints (practical canopy), which, if leveraged, could result in nearly doubling the canopy as of 2017 (17,253 ha). However, like existing canopy, practical canopy is not evenly distributed, in general, or across jurisdictions and land uses. Relying solely on areas identified as practical canopy to expand the urban forest would exacerbate inequities in its distribution. We discuss how the NYC UFTF established an aspirational but achievable goal of 30% canopy cover by 2035, which was informed by this analysis and guided by priorities of equity, health, and resilience. Achievement of this goal will ultimately require a combination of protecting and stewarding the existing resource, and leveraging opportunities for tree planting. Achieving a more equitable urban forest will also require identification of priority canopy, and, in cases, creation of new opportunities for tree planting and canopy expansion. Overall, the collaborative establishment of such goals based on local context can be instrumental in creating a virtuous cycle, moving conservation actors toward exercising influence and agency within the social ecological system.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0051.v1

Intercomparison of MODIS and VIIRS Fire Products in Khanty-Mansiysk Russia: Implication for Characterizing Gas Flaring from Space

Ambrish Sharma, Jun Wang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: nighttime fires; gas flaring; MODIS; VIIRS; Khanty-Mansiysk Russia

Online: 8 May 2017 (08:15:08 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Working Paper ARTICLE

Growth, Yield, and Quality in Hydroponic Vertical Farming – Effects of Phycocyanin-rich Spirulina Extract

Leonard Lerer, Cedric Kamaleson

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: vertical farming; controlled environment agriculture; plant factories; biostimulant; microbiome; hydroponics; aeroponics

Online: 12 November 2020 (14:43:00 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201710.0085.v1

Pyplis - A Python Software Toolbox for the Analysis of SO₂ Camera Data

Jonas Gliß, Kerstin Stebel, Arve Kylling, Anna Solvejg Dinger, Holger Sihler, Aasmund Sudbø

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: volcanic gases; SO2; remote sensing; UV cameras; image processing; analysis software; Python 2.7

Online: 13 October 2017 (04:00:49 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201707.0013.v1

Interannual Variability and Seasonal Predictability of Wind and Solar Resources

Nir Y. Krakauer, Daniel S. Cohan

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: renewable energy; solar; wind; interannual variability; seasonal forecasting; teleconnections

Online: 7 July 2017 (03:55:54 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201803.0094.v1

Exploring Natural Models for the ‘Rolling Unmasking Effect’ of Downwind Odor Dispersion; Prairie Verbena, Prehensile-Tailed Porcupine and Virginia Pepperweed

Donald W. Wright, Jacek A. Koziel, David B. Parker, Anna Iwasinski, Thomas G. Hartman, Paula Kolvig

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: odor; volatile organic compounds; environmental analysis; air sampling; simultaneous chemical and sensory analysis

Online: 13 March 2018 (04:06:11 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

As natural scale-models for community environmental odor issues, these odorant prioritization results illustrate an important consideration: … ‘with respect to focusing an environmental odor issue, it is possible to look too closely at the source’… Although simple odor dilution, as measured by odor concentration and intensity, certainly occurs during downwind dispersive migration from the source, these authors propose that the term dynamic dilution is limiting with respect to environmental odor impact. The results presented herein suggest that the odor character from an environmental source can vary dramatically, depending upon the distance of the human receptors from that source. It is further suggested that the process of downwind environmental odorant prioritization can best be characterized as a rolling unmasking effect or RUE. The RUE is exhibited by the masking odors nearest the source sequentially ‘falling away’ with distance from the source, revealing a succession of increasingly simplified odor characteristic and composition. Because of scaling factors and meteorological unpredictability, the logistics involved in carrying-out odorant prioritization studies can be very challenging when targeting large-scale odor sources. However, for these authors’ illustrative purposes, these challenges were reduced significantly by selecting natural, ‘scale-model’ odor-sources which represented significant reductions in the primary scaling factors; especially, reductions in the size of the odor sources and the distance of their downwind reach. Driven by odorant prioritization and the RUE, extremes of odor simplification-upon-dilution were demonstrated for two Central Texas plant varieties, prairie verbena and virginia pepperweed. Their ‘odor frontal boundaries’ were shown to be dominated by single, character-defining odorants; prairie verbena presenting with a p-cresol dominated ‘barnyard’ odor and virginia pepperweed with a benzyl mercaptan dominated ‘burnt match’ odor. Similar odor simplification was also shown for the South American prehensile-tailed porcupine (i.e., pt porcupine); its downwind ‘odor frontal boundary’ dominated by two potent, character-defining odorants (i.e. as yet unidentified): (1) ‘onion’/‘body odor’ odorant #1 and (2) ‘onion’/‘grilled’ odorant #2. In contrast to their outer-boundary simplicities, each of these sources also presented, at the source, with odor compositions reflecting considerable complexity and corrresponding composite odor characters that were distinctly different from those reflected at their respective ‘odor frontal boundaries’.

Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0366.v2

Atmospheric Variables and Additional Urgent Solutions for Combating COVID-19

Indrani Roy

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: COVID-19; coronavirus; temperature; humidity; solutions

Online: 9 April 2020 (16:39:04 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0029.v3

Causal Pathways for Temperature Predictability from Snow Depth

Erik W. Kolstad

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: snow depth; snow cover; soil moisture; snowmelt; seasonal prediction; land-atmosphere feedbacks

Online: 23 August 2017 (08:05:47 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0112.v1

Future Changes in Precipitation Extremes Over East Africa Based on CMIP6 Projections

Brian Ayugi, Victor Dike, Hamida Ngoma, Hassen Babaousmail, Victor Ongoma

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: CMIP6; extreme precipitation; model evaluation; east Africa

Online: 6 January 2021 (11:37:37 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201704.0065.v1

Modelling Airport Pollutants Dispersion at High Resolution

Claire Sarrat, Sébastien Aubry, Thomas Chaboud, Christine Lac

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Airport; Local Air Quality; Local Scale

Online: 11 April 2017 (17:32:40 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201706.0040.v1

Monthly and Diurnal Variation of the Concentrations of Aerosol Surface Area in Fukuoka, Japan, Measured by Diffusion Charging Method

Miho Kiriya, Tomoaki Okuda, Hana Yamazaki, Kazuki Hatoya, Naoki Kaneyasu, Itsushi Uno, Chiharu Nishita, Keiichiro Hara, Masahiko Hayashi, Koji Funato, Kozo Inoue, Shigekazu Yamamoto, Ayako Yoshino, Akinori Takami

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Asian monsoon; black carbon; long-range transport; land and sea breeze; sulfate; surface area; surface coating of particles

Online: 8 June 2017 (08:26:27 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0468.v1

Developing High-Resolution Gridded Rainfall and Temperature Data for Bangladesh: The ENACTS-BMD Dataset

Nachiketa Acharya, Rija Faniriantsoa, Bazlur Rashid, Razia Sultana, Carlo Montes, Tufa Dinku, S.M.Q. Hassan

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: climate data; gridded product; data merging

Online: 18 December 2020 (13:29:38 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201710.0095.v1

Aerosol Depolarization Ratio Measurement Capabilities for an Elastic LIDAR: Implementation and First Measurements

Alejandro Rodríguez-Gómez, Michaël Sicard, María-José Granados-Muñoz , Enis Ben Chahed , Constantino Muñoz-Porcar, Rubén Barragan , Adolfo Comeron, Francesc Rocadenbosch, Eric Vidal

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Lidar system; depolarization channel; calibration; stability; depolarizing particles

Online: 13 October 2017 (18:07:24 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201709.0064.v2

Impact of Grid Nudging Parameters on Dynamical Downscaling during Summer over Chinese Mainland

Xiaoping Mai, Yuanyuan Ma, Yi Yang, Deqin Li, Xiaobin Qiu

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: grid nudging; downscaling; WRF; nudged variable; nudging time; nudged level

Online: 25 September 2017 (16:55:35 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201707.0060.v1

Retrieving Vertical Air Velocity in Convective Cloud over the Tibetan Plateau from TIPEX-III Cloud Radar Doppler Spectra

Jiafeng Zheng, Liping Liu, Keyun Zhu, Jingya Wu, Binyun Wang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: vertical air velocity; millimeter-wave cloud radar; convective cloud; Tibetan Plateau

Online: 21 July 2017 (04:58:56 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0111.v1

Comparison of CMIP6 and CMIP5 Models in Simulating Mean and Extreme Precipitation over East Africa

Brian AYUGI, Jiang Zhidong, Huanhuan Zhu, Hamida Ngoma, Hassen Babaousmail, Karim Rizwan, Victor Dike

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: CMIP5/6; Precipitation; Climate extremes; evaluation; East Africa

Online: 3 February 2021 (10:22:24 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201710.0199.v1

Improving Quantitative Rainfall Prediction Using Ensemble Analogues in the Tropics: Case study of Uganda

Isaac Mugume, Michel d. S. Mesquita, Yazidhi Bamutaze, Didier Ntwali, Charles Basalirwa, Daniel Waiswa, Joachim Reuder, Revocatus Twinomuhangi, Fredrick Tumwine, Triphonia Jakob Ngailo, Bob Alex Ogwang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Ensemble mean; Analogue ensemble mean; Multi–member analogue ensemble mean; Quantitative rainfall prediction

Online: 31 October 2017 (16:28:54 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201802.0072.v1

Assessing the Impact of Climate Variability on Food Security in Kenya: A Case Study of Kisii County

Moranga P. Samwel, Beatrice A. Abutto, Vincent Otieno

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Climate Variability; Food Security; Climate Change Adaptation; Malnutrition

Online: 8 February 2018 (15:59:16 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Climate variability and change has been found to be one of the factors that affect economies leading to food insecurity in various parts of the world. Kenya is no exception. This study looks at how climate variability has contributed to food insecurity in Kisii County, Kenya. The objectives of this study is therefore to, (i) to examine the rainfall and temperature trends in Kisii County for a period of approximately 30 years, (ii) to examine the effect of climate variability on food production and (iii) to assess the perception of local farmers on weather and climate information, (iv) to evaluate the coping strategies adopted at to bridge the gap on food deficit at different household level and (v) to assess the nutritional status of children and the elderly. The study was conducted in two sub-counties of Kisii County; Marani and Bomachoge Chache. The data used was mainly rainfall and temperature data from meteorological stations and sample data gathered from selected groups. The study population comprised of children between 6 months and 59 months, household heads, elderly people and agricultural officers. Purposive sampling was used to select agricultural officers while multistage sampling was used to select respondents at household level. Data was collected by use of a pre-tested questionnaire. The MUAC tape was used to collect nutritional status of children while BMI data was obtained from elderly people. Mann Kendall statistic was used to determine whether the trend of rainfall and temperature observed is significant while Chi-square test was used to determine whether the coping strategies observed varied significantly at household level. From the analysis, rainfall has not shown any significant change in Kisii County while temperature trend has been significantly increasing over the years at 95% confidence level. This could explain the observed reduction in river levels. Analysis of crop production and price trends of major food crops in Kisii County showed a decreasing trend of food production leading to increase in price over the years. This meant that farmers could not produce enough to take them to the next harvesting season making farmers to adopt different coping strategies at household level which differed significantly according to Chi-Square test. Malnutrition status of both elderly people above 59 years and children between 6-59 months were similar with 23% of both children/elderly being severely malnourished/malnourished. This study has only looked at climatic factors such as rainfall and temperature. Other aspects such as depth of underground water, ph level of soil and the effects of land fragmentation also need to be looked at. This study is important to both farmers in choosing the right crop to plant, and policy makers and planners in formulating the best mitigation and intervention strategies for Kisii County food insecurity problem. This will further contribute to national efforts towards achievement of vision 2030.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0120.v1

Principal Component Analysis of Heavy Metals in Atmospheric Aerosols from Meycauayan, Bulacan, Philippines

Maria Cecilia D Galvez, Edgar Vallar, Red M Castilla, Paulito Mandia, Regine Branzuela, Ofelia Rempillo, Aileen Huelgas Orbecido, Arnel Beltran, Nadine Ledesma, Custer Deocaris, Vernon Morris, Lawrence Phoa Belo

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Meycauayan; aerosols; source apportionment; principal component analysis; MMORS

Online: 8 February 2022 (14:55:34 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0498.v1

Microplastics (MPs) in Drinking Water: Uses, Sources & Transport

Laxmi Kant Bhardwaj, Archana Sharma

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Microplastics (MPs); Nanoplastics (NPs); Drinking Water

Online: 19 April 2021 (14:31:09 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0010.v1

A Review of Optical Techniques for Coral Monitoring & Introducing Low-Cost Hyperspectral Imaging

Jonathan Teague, David A Megson-Smith, Micheal J Allen, John C.C Day, Thomas B Scott

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Coral Reef Monitoring; Reef Health; Review; Hyperspectral Imaging; Marine Optics

Online: 3 May 2021 (16:10:43 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0099.v1

Speleothem Paleoclimatology for the Caribbean, Central America, and North America

Jessica Oster, Sophie Warken, Natasha Sekhon, Monica Arienzo, Matthew Lachniet

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: SISAL database; speleothem; cave; oxygen isotopes; North America; Central America; Caribbean

Online: 10 January 2019 (11:58:08 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0014.v1

Spectral and Spatial Cloud Detection Onboard for Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Image

Haoyang Li, Hong Zheng, Chuanzhao Han, Haibo Wang, Min Miao

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: onboard cloud detecion; region of interesting compression; themodynamic phase; spectral angle map; markov random field; dynamic stochastic resonance

Online: 1 May 2017 (10:44:08 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0029.v1

Causal Pathways for Temperature Predictability from Snow Depth

Erik W. Kolstad

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: soil moisture; snow cover; snow depth; seasonal prediction; land–surface feedbacks; cryosphere

Online: 3 May 2017 (09:24:43 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0385.v1

Atmospheric Transport, a Major Pathway of Microplastics to Remote Regions

Nikolaos Evangeliou, Henrik Grythe, Zbigniew Klimont, Chris Heyes, Sabine Eckhardt, Susana Lopez-Aparicio, Andreas Stohl

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Microplastics; transport; TWP; BWP; remote regions

Online: 27 March 2020 (12:20:27 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201706.0091.v1

Effects of tropospheric emissions on global tropospheric ozone distribution: A CTM simulation study

Kuo-Ying Wang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: tropospheric emissions; CTM; tropospheric ozone; industrial emissions; biomass buring; vegetation emissions; simulation

Online: 20 June 2017 (04:28:19 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0188.v1

Future Changes in Seasonal Temperature Over Pakistan in CMIP6

Rizwan Karim, Guirong Tan, Brian Ayugi, Hassen Babaousmail, Fei Liu, Hamida Ngoma, Victor Ongoma

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: CMIP6; Temperature; Projections; Trends; Pakistan; JJA; DJF

Online: 11 January 2021 (12:30:55 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0575.v1

A Review of Ambient Nanoparticles (PM_0.1) in South East Asian Cities: Biomass and Fossil Burning Impacts

Worradorn Phairuang, Muanfun Inerb, Mitsuhiko Hata, Masami Furuuchi

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Health Risk; Ultrafine Particles; Nanoparticles; South East Asia; Biomass burning

Online: 31 August 2021 (12:57:15 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0648.v1

Deep Learning for Satellite Rainfall Retrieval Using Himawari-8 Multiple Spectral Channels

Jenq-Dar Tsay, Kevin Kao, Chun-Chieh Chao, Yu-Cheng Chang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: satellite rainfall retrieval; deep learning; satellite meteorology

Online: 30 October 2020 (14:54:06 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201710.0152.v1

An Evaluation of the CHIMERE Chemistry Transport Model to Simulate Dust Outbreaks across the North Hemisphere in March 2014

Bertrand Bessagnet, Laurent Menut, Augustin Colette, Florian Couvidat, Mo Dan, Sylvain Mailler, Laurent Létinois, Véronique Pont, Laurence Rouïl

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Dust; High resolution; Particulate matter; Modeling; Air quality; Hemispheric transport

Online: 24 October 2017 (04:27:48 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0029.v2

Causal Pathways for Temperature Predictability from Snow Depth

Erik W. Kolstad

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: soil moisture; snow cover; snow depth; seasonal prediction; land–surface feedbacks; cryosphere

Online: 30 June 2017 (12:04:04 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0568.v1

How are Indigenous Communities Being Affected by Deforestation and Degradation in Northern Argentina?

María Vallejos, Ana L. Álvarez, José M. Paruelo

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Participatory mapping; Ecosystem services; Forest degradation; Deforestation; Indigenous communities; Vulnerability.

Online: 23 November 2020 (09:11:07 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0377.v1

The "Global Salt Cycle": Formation of Giant Salt Accumulations, a Result of Subduction, Mantle Upwelling, and Rifting

Hans Konrad Johnsen, Hakon G Rueslatten, Martin Torvald Hovland

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Global salt cycle; Wilson cycle; Giant salt accumulations; Subduction; Rifting; Mantle; upwelling; Hydrated mantle; Hydrothermal salt expulsion; Hydrothermal circulation; Basin subsidence; Supercritical fluids; Phase separation; Saline brine; Salt diapir; Bedded salts; Inherited composition; Inherited structures; Lower crustal body; Electrical conductivity; Magnetotelluric method; Seismic velocity; Brittle-ductile behaviour; Continental crust formation; Oceanic crust formation; Hydration of oceanic crust; Serpentinization; Volcanism; Mineral solubility.

Online: 16 July 2021 (14:34:42 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

The main objective of this communication is to describe the ‘Global Salt Cycle’. Giant salt accumulations are commonly found along continental margins of former rifts. The first stage in the accumulation process is saturation of newly formed oceanic crust with seawater. Final mobilisation and accumulation of the salts occurs during rifting, localised in the vicinity of relict subduction zones. Oceanic crust is created along the spreading ridges in the deep oceans of the Earth. It exchanges mass and energy with seawater in hydrothermal circulation cells that penetrate deep into the new and fractured crust. Water-rock interactions include the formation of hydrated and hydroxylated minerals, e.g., serpentinites and clay minerals. By incorporating hydroxyl groups and water in their crystal lattices, the salinity of remaining brines increases. Subduction of oceanic crust and serpentinised lithosphere transports water, hydrated minerals, and marine salts deep into the crust and mantle. Upon pressurisation and heating of the subducting slab, different parts of this water are expelled at different depths/temperatures. The resulting fluids will contain salts brought in with the slab, as well as new salts formed by water-rock interaction. The combination of elevated pressures and temperatures, water, salinity, and CO2, create permeability in the normally impermeable, peridotitic mantle, by altering the fluid-rock dihedral angles of mineral grains. This P/T-determined intergranular permeability allows ascent of saline fluids, under lithostatic pressure, within the mantle wedge, or the slab itself. The fluids produce a mechanically weakened and buoyant zone within the mantle wedge due to high pore pressure between mineral grains and reduced mantle density. During the lifetime of a subduction zone, a substantial accumulation of saline fluids within the mantle wedge and crust, is evident. Deep, fluid reservoirs accumulate between the subduction trench and the volcanic front. They may exist for hundreds of millions of years, even after the extinction of the subduction zone. Saline fluids may escape to the surface along deep faults, due to overfilling of available pores/fractures. Fluids within the mantle wedge may form rock melts or exist as supercritical, mineral rich fluids. The combination of reduced pressure due to rifting, and a saline and buoyant mantle, creates a mantle circulation that brings the accumulated, saline fluids, to crustal levels. Salts will therefore accumulate during initial stages of rifting as a result of massive fluid expulsion, phase change and boiling of mantle fluids. No extra energy is required to produce phase change and boiling. The result is formation of solid salts or dense brines/slurries invading fractured crustal rocks, or escaping to the surface/seabed. This process may take place both before and after the sea has invaded a continental rift.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0116.v2

Addressing on Mechanism of Different Types of ENSO and Related Teleconnections and Solar Influence

Indrani Roy

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: solar cyclic variability; Canonical and Modoki ENSO; Indian summer monsoon

Online: 26 September 2017 (04:13:47 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0544.v1

Quantitative Investigation of Radiometric Interactions between Snowfall, Snow Cover, and Cloud Liquid Water Over Land

Zeinab Takbiri, Lisa Milani, Clement Guilloteau, Efi Foufoula-Georgiou

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Snowfall Retrieval; Snow Water Equivalent; Cloud Liquid Water; Emissivity; Brightness Temperature; Passive Microwave; GPM

Online: 22 June 2021 (14:22:16 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201708.0077.v1

Modeling of the Stepping Process of Negative Lightning Stepped Leaders

Vernon Cooray, Liliana Arevalo

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Lightning; Stepped leader; Space leader; Space stem

Online: 22 August 2017 (17:28:25 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0516.v1

Perceptions of Public University Students towards Online Classes during COVID-19 Pandemic in Bangladesh

Shyam Sundar Sarkar, Pranta Das, Mohammad Mahbubur Rahman, M S Zobaer

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Perceptions, public university students, online classes, COVID-19, Bangladesh

Online: 21 May 2021 (09:52:48 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0486.v1

ECLand: The ECMWF Land Surface Modelling System

Souhail Boussetta, Gianpaolo Balsamo, Gabriele Arduini, Emanuel Dutra, Joe McNorton, Margarita Choulga, Anna Agustí-Panareda, Anton Beljaars, Nils Wedi, Joaquin Munõz-Sabater, Patricia de Rosnay, Irina Sandu, Ioan Hadade, Glenn Carver, Cinzia Mazzetti, Christel Prudhomme, Dai Yamazaki, Ervin Zsoter

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Land-surface modelling system; hydrology; carbon; surface energy balance; open water; snow

Online: 19 April 2021 (13:23:53 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201909.0268.v1

Cold Bias of ERA5 Summertime Daily Maximum Land Surface Temperature Over Iberian Peninsula

Frederico Johannsen, Sofia Ermida, João Martins, Isabel F. Trigo, Miguel Nogueira, Emanuel Dutra

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: land surface temperature; remote rensing; reanalysis; ECMWF

Online: 24 September 2019 (05:18:26 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Land surface temperature (LST) is a key variable in surface-atmosphere energy and water exchanges. The main goals of this study are to (i) evaluate the LST of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA-Interim and ERA5 reanalyses over Iberian Peninsula using the Satellite Application Facility on Land Surface Analysis (LSA-SAF) product and to (ii) understand the main drivers of the LST errors in the reanalysis. Simulations with the ECMWF land-surface model in offline mode (uncoupled) were carried out over the Iberian Peninsula and compared with the reanalysis data. Several sensitivity simulations were performed in a confined domain centered in Southern Portugal to investigate potential sources of the LST errors. The Copernicus Global Land Service (CGLS) fraction of green vegetation cover (FCover) and the European Space Agency’s Climate Change Initiative (ESA-CCI) Land Cover dataset were explored. We found a general underestimation of daytime LST and slightly overestimation at night-time. The results indicate that there is still room for improvement in the simulation of LST in ECMWF products. Still, ERA5 presents an overall higher quality product in relation to ERA-Interim. Our analysis suggested a relation between the large daytime cold bias and vegetation cover differences between (ERA5 and CGLS FCocver) with a correlation of -0.45. The replacement of the low and high vegetation cover by those of ESA-CCI provided an overall reduction of the large Tmax biases during summer. The increased vertical resolution of the soil at the surface, has a positive impact, but much smaller when compared with the vegetation changes. The sensitivity of the vegetation density parameter, that currently depends on the vegetation type, provided further proof for a needed revision of the vegetation in the model, as there is a reasonable correlation between this parameter and the Tmax mean errors when using the ESA-CCI vegetation cover (while the same correlation cannot be reproduced with the original model vegetation). Our results support the hypothesis that vegetation cover is one of the main drivers of the LST summertime cold bias in ERA5 over Iberian Peninsula.

Environmental and Earth Sciences