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PV Modules Stored on Farmlands after Repowering: Sustainability and Environmental Impact
Martin Kozelka
,Jiří Marcan
,Vladislav Poulek
,Václav Beránek
,Tomáš Finsterle
,Agnieszka Klimek-Kopyra
,Marcin Kopyra
,Martin Libra
,František Kumhála
Ground‑mounted photovoltaics, including agrivoltaic concepts, are increasingly deployed on agricultural land. In practice, damaged modules from repowering modules are sometimes stored on‑site for prolonged periods, creating localized vegetation suppression and land‑stewardship concerns that are rarely quantified. We present two anonymized case studies from Czechia (nominal capacities of 0.861 and 1.109 MWp; commissioned 2010 and 2009; repowered 2022 and 2021), where cracked backsheets and/or broken front‑glass modules were stacked and stored directly on grasslands within PV parcels. Using GIS delineation on orthophotos supported by field photographs, we quantified the land area (19,560 and 22,100 m²), PV panel area (plan‑ view; 4,960 and 5,080 m²), and stored PV module area (plan‑ view storage footprint; 109 and 100 m²). Stored module counts were estimated from visible stacks (≈1800 and ≈2000 modules). Using a conservative mass range of 18–25 kg/module, the stored masses were ~32–45 t and ~36–50 t, respectively. Although the storage footprints constitute <1% of the land area, they create persistent “dead zones” on agricultural land and concentrate tens of tonnes of material directly on the soil. We discuss regulatory and economic barriers to timely removal in the context of circular‑economic goals and propose practical reporting indicators for repowering projects on agricultural land: Astore (m²), Nstore (pcs), Mstore (t), storage duration, condition class, and storage interface.
Ground‑mounted photovoltaics, including agrivoltaic concepts, are increasingly deployed on agricultural land. In practice, damaged modules from repowering modules are sometimes stored on‑site for prolonged periods, creating localized vegetation suppression and land‑stewardship concerns that are rarely quantified. We present two anonymized case studies from Czechia (nominal capacities of 0.861 and 1.109 MWp; commissioned 2010 and 2009; repowered 2022 and 2021), where cracked backsheets and/or broken front‑glass modules were stacked and stored directly on grasslands within PV parcels. Using GIS delineation on orthophotos supported by field photographs, we quantified the land area (19,560 and 22,100 m²), PV panel area (plan‑ view; 4,960 and 5,080 m²), and stored PV module area (plan‑ view storage footprint; 109 and 100 m²). Stored module counts were estimated from visible stacks (≈1800 and ≈2000 modules). Using a conservative mass range of 18–25 kg/module, the stored masses were ~32–45 t and ~36–50 t, respectively. Although the storage footprints constitute <1% of the land area, they create persistent “dead zones” on agricultural land and concentrate tens of tonnes of material directly on the soil. We discuss regulatory and economic barriers to timely removal in the context of circular‑economic goals and propose practical reporting indicators for repowering projects on agricultural land: Astore (m²), Nstore (pcs), Mstore (t), storage duration, condition class, and storage interface.
Posted: 06 January 2026
Bayesian Elastic‑Net Cox Models for Time‑to‑Event Prediction: Application with Breast‑Cancer Cohort
Ersin Yılmaz
,Syed Ejaz Ahmed
,Dursun Aydın
Posted: 06 January 2026
The Philosophy of Marriage in India: A Tripartite Analysis of Contract, Institution, and Moral Bond
Shashank Tiwari
Posted: 06 January 2026
Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles Mediated Protective Effect Against the Ethanol Induced Gut-Liver Axis by Targeting miRNA-203a and miRNA-122
Hiral Aghara
,Teja Naveen Sata
,Prashsti Chadha
,Manali Patel
,Md Ismail
,Deeksha Rajput
,Pooja Gori
,Sriram Kanvah
,Manan Raval
,Senthil Kumar Venugopal
+1 authors
Posted: 06 January 2026
Large Language Models for Continual Relation Extraction
Sefika Efeoglu
,Adrian Paschke
,Sonja Schimmler
Posted: 06 January 2026
Quantum-Enhanced Adaptive Graph Convolutional Networks for Sentiment Representation Learning
Mingrui Rao
,Zihan Long
Posted: 06 January 2026
AEP-M: AI-Enhanced Anonymous E-Payment for Mobile Devices Using ARM Trust Zone and Divisible E-Cash
Vimal Teja Manne
Posted: 06 January 2026
Novel Silicone-Polyol Antifoam Emulsions: Impact on Foam Control and Physiology of Diverse Microbial Cultures
Mikhail Frolov
,Trofim A. Lozhkarev
,Elmira A. Vasilieva
,Leysan A. Vasileva
,Almaz A. Zagidullin
,Lucia Ya. Zakharova
,Galim A. Kungurov
,Natalia V. Trachtmann
,Shamil Z. Validov
The selection of an optimal antifoam is critical for efficient fermentation, as industrial agents often have detrimental side effects like growth inhibition, while some can enhance productivity. This study presents a rational approach to developing and screening novel silicone-polyol antifoam emulsions. A key finding was the discovery of selective antibacterial activity in agent 3L10, which strongly inhibited Gram-positive bacteria (especially Corynebacterium glutamicum) but not Gram-negative strains. This specificity, likely mediated by interaction with the mycolic acid layer of C. glutamicum, highlights the necessity for strain-specific antifoam testing. A comprehensive evaluation protocol—combining chemical design, cytotoxicity screening across diverse microorganisms, determination of minimum effective concentrations (MEC), and validation in model bioreactor fermentations—was established. Through this process, agent 6T80 was identified as a promising candidate. It exhibited low MEC, high emulsion stability, no cytotoxicity, and did not impair growth or recombinant protein production in B. subtilis or P. putida fermentations. The study concludes that agent 6T80 is suitable for further application in processes involving Gram-negative and certain Gram-positive hosts, whereas agent 3L10 serves as a valuable tool for studying surfactant-membrane interactions. The developed methodology enables the targeted selection of highly efficient and biocompatible antifoams for specific biotechnological processes.
The selection of an optimal antifoam is critical for efficient fermentation, as industrial agents often have detrimental side effects like growth inhibition, while some can enhance productivity. This study presents a rational approach to developing and screening novel silicone-polyol antifoam emulsions. A key finding was the discovery of selective antibacterial activity in agent 3L10, which strongly inhibited Gram-positive bacteria (especially Corynebacterium glutamicum) but not Gram-negative strains. This specificity, likely mediated by interaction with the mycolic acid layer of C. glutamicum, highlights the necessity for strain-specific antifoam testing. A comprehensive evaluation protocol—combining chemical design, cytotoxicity screening across diverse microorganisms, determination of minimum effective concentrations (MEC), and validation in model bioreactor fermentations—was established. Through this process, agent 6T80 was identified as a promising candidate. It exhibited low MEC, high emulsion stability, no cytotoxicity, and did not impair growth or recombinant protein production in B. subtilis or P. putida fermentations. The study concludes that agent 6T80 is suitable for further application in processes involving Gram-negative and certain Gram-positive hosts, whereas agent 3L10 serves as a valuable tool for studying surfactant-membrane interactions. The developed methodology enables the targeted selection of highly efficient and biocompatible antifoams for specific biotechnological processes.
Posted: 06 January 2026
Comparative Evaluation of DeepLabCut Convolutional Neural Network Architectures for High-Precision Markerless Tracking in the Mouse Staircase Test
Valentin Fernandez
,Landoline Bonnin
,Christine Fernandez-Maloigne
Posted: 06 January 2026
Workflow for Buried Pipe Detection and Geotechnical Characterization in Conductive Clay–Marl Environments
Pedro Carrasco-García
,Arturo Zevallos
,Javier Carrasco-García
,Juan Ignacio Canelo-Perez
Posted: 06 January 2026
A Novel anti-Cadherin 19 Monoclonal Antibody (Ca19Mab-8) for Flow Cytometry, Western Blotting, and Immunohistochemistry
Guanjie Li
,Hiroyuki Suzuki
,Mika K. Kaneko
,Yukinari Kato
Posted: 06 January 2026
Breast Cancer Patient Attitudes Towards Oncology Drug Costs in Ireland
Matthew Cronin
,Ruth Kieran
,Clara Steele
,Katie Cooke
,Seamus O’Reilly
Posted: 06 January 2026
Genome-Scale Modeling–Guided Metabolic Engineering Enables Heterologous Production of 3,4-amino-4-hydroxybenzoic Acid in Streptomyces thermoviolaceus
Togo Yamada
,Pamella Apriliana
,Prihardi Kahar
,Tomoya Kobayashi
,Yutaro Mori
,Chiaki Ogino
Posted: 06 January 2026
User Perceptions of Virtual Consultations and Artificial Intelligence Assistance: A Mixed Methods Study
Pranavsingh Dhunnoo
,Karen McGuigan
,Vicky O'Rourke
,Bertalan Meskó
,Michael McCann
Posted: 05 January 2026
Zinc Nanoparticle Effects on the Green Leaf Volatiles and Phyllosphere Bacteriome in Capsicum annum Seedlings
García-Casillas Luis Alberto
,Reyes-Maldonado Oscar Kevin
,Sánchez-Fernández Rosa
,Zúñiga Mayo Víctor
,Zamudio-Ojeda Adalberto
,Lomelí-Rosales Diego Alberto
,Cortez-Álvarez César Ricardo
,Rebeca Escutia Gutiérrez
,Guevara-Martínez José Santiago
,Velázquez-Juárez Gilberto
The use of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) in agriculture has increased due to their biostimulant potential; however, their effects on plant chemical communication and associated microbial communities are still poorly understood. This study presents a multi-perspective analysis contrasting the effects of ZnONPs with those of conventional ZnO (Bulk) on Capsicum annuum seedlings grown in a substrate with concentrations of 50 and 500 mg kg⁻¹. The results reveal that, at high doses, the bulk material (B500) generated a higher foliar accumulation of zinc (128.7 mg kg⁻¹) than ZnONPs (NP500, 119.7 mg kg⁻¹), a phenomenon attributed to the agglomeration of nanoparticles in the soil matrix, which limits their root absorption. At the physiological level, a critical divergence was observed: while bulk ZnO stimulated the activity of the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD), ZnONPs caused severe inhibition of the same (93% reduction), compromising the enzymatic antioxidant machinery and forcing the plant to rely on non-enzymatic mechanisms, such as an increase in total phenols. The volatilomic profile revealed a specific metabolic disturbance induced by ZnONPs in the green leaf volatiles (GLV) pathway. A significant accumulation of hexanal and suppression of hexanol and hexyl acetate were detected, suggesting that the nanomaterial inhibited alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). In addition, ZnONPs suppressed the emission of methyl salicylate (MeSA)—a key messenger in acquired systemic resistance—whereas the Bulk treatment increased its abundance to 41.7%. Finally, metagenomic analysis indicated that zinc stress restructured the phyllosphere microbiota, promoting the proliferation of Actinobacteria and eliminating sensitive taxa such as Spirochaetes. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that ZnONPs act as multifactorial stressors that not only alter internal metabolism but also silence chemical communication and remodel plant ecology.
The use of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) in agriculture has increased due to their biostimulant potential; however, their effects on plant chemical communication and associated microbial communities are still poorly understood. This study presents a multi-perspective analysis contrasting the effects of ZnONPs with those of conventional ZnO (Bulk) on Capsicum annuum seedlings grown in a substrate with concentrations of 50 and 500 mg kg⁻¹. The results reveal that, at high doses, the bulk material (B500) generated a higher foliar accumulation of zinc (128.7 mg kg⁻¹) than ZnONPs (NP500, 119.7 mg kg⁻¹), a phenomenon attributed to the agglomeration of nanoparticles in the soil matrix, which limits their root absorption. At the physiological level, a critical divergence was observed: while bulk ZnO stimulated the activity of the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD), ZnONPs caused severe inhibition of the same (93% reduction), compromising the enzymatic antioxidant machinery and forcing the plant to rely on non-enzymatic mechanisms, such as an increase in total phenols. The volatilomic profile revealed a specific metabolic disturbance induced by ZnONPs in the green leaf volatiles (GLV) pathway. A significant accumulation of hexanal and suppression of hexanol and hexyl acetate were detected, suggesting that the nanomaterial inhibited alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). In addition, ZnONPs suppressed the emission of methyl salicylate (MeSA)—a key messenger in acquired systemic resistance—whereas the Bulk treatment increased its abundance to 41.7%. Finally, metagenomic analysis indicated that zinc stress restructured the phyllosphere microbiota, promoting the proliferation of Actinobacteria and eliminating sensitive taxa such as Spirochaetes. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that ZnONPs act as multifactorial stressors that not only alter internal metabolism but also silence chemical communication and remodel plant ecology.
Posted: 05 January 2026
GuardianMind: A Multi-Modal Enhanced Large Language Model for Smart City Emergency Response
Tianrui Zhao
,Linyu Wu
Posted: 05 January 2026
Understanding ESG Ratings: A Systematic Literature Review of Methodologies, Divergences, Impact, Standardization, Disclosure Quality, Technology, and Global Financial Implications (2020–2025)
Hannan Vilchis Zubizarreta
,Delfor Tito Aquino
Purpose: This paper aims to systematically synthesize academic research published between 2020 and 2025 that investigates environmental, social, and governance (ESG) ratings and scores, with a focus on their methodologies, comparative performance, and impact on firm outcomes. Design/methodology/approach: A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted using the Lens.org scholarly database. A structured title search retrieved 334 open access journal articles published between 2020 and May 2025 containing the terms "ESG Score", "ESG Rating", or "ESG Rater". The PRISMA 2020 protocol guided the selection and screening process. Findings: The literature exhibits growing concern about the divergence among ESG ratings, the methodological opacity of rating providers, and the variable financial implications of ESG scores. Common themes include score disagreements, rating agency biases, and emerging models for standardizing ESG assessments. Originality: This review provides the most up-to-date synthesis of ESG rating literature, focusing exclusively on articles explicitly addressing ESG ratings or scores in their titles. It contributes clarity to the fragmented ESG measurement space by organizing findings around key methodological and evaluative debates.
Purpose: This paper aims to systematically synthesize academic research published between 2020 and 2025 that investigates environmental, social, and governance (ESG) ratings and scores, with a focus on their methodologies, comparative performance, and impact on firm outcomes. Design/methodology/approach: A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted using the Lens.org scholarly database. A structured title search retrieved 334 open access journal articles published between 2020 and May 2025 containing the terms "ESG Score", "ESG Rating", or "ESG Rater". The PRISMA 2020 protocol guided the selection and screening process. Findings: The literature exhibits growing concern about the divergence among ESG ratings, the methodological opacity of rating providers, and the variable financial implications of ESG scores. Common themes include score disagreements, rating agency biases, and emerging models for standardizing ESG assessments. Originality: This review provides the most up-to-date synthesis of ESG rating literature, focusing exclusively on articles explicitly addressing ESG ratings or scores in their titles. It contributes clarity to the fragmented ESG measurement space by organizing findings around key methodological and evaluative debates.
Posted: 05 January 2026
Phase Transitions in Disordered LC Systems: A Classical Analog of Quantum Transitions
Valeriy Arkhincheev
Posted: 05 January 2026
Reframing ESG for Urban Planning: A Systematic Review of Spatial Governance, Investment Geographies, and Green Gentrification
Hannan Vilchis Zubizarreta
,Delfor Tito Aquino
Posted: 05 January 2026
Advanced Steering Stability Controls for Autonomous Articulated Vehicles Based on Differential Braking
Jesus Felez
Posted: 05 January 2026
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