Abstract: This hypothesis paper encourages a comprehensive approach to studying Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) that connects the dots between Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders (HSD) and Hypermobile Ehlers Danlos Syndrome (hEDS), fascial abnormalities, impaired lymphatic and glymphatic systems, spinal conditions like craniocervical instability and Chiari Malformation, and ME/CFS. In particular, this paper encourages more research into biomechanical processes that may contribute to ME/CFS and ME/CFS-like presentations of Long COVID among individuals with HSD/hEDS.

Abstract: Accurate field-scale meteorological information is required for precision agriculture, but operational numerical weather prediction products remain spatially coarse and cannot resolve local microclimate variability. This study proposes a data-fusion superresolution workflow that combines global GFS predictors (0.25°), regional station observations from southern Moravia (Czech Republic), and static physiographic descriptors (elevation and terrain gradients) to predict 24 h ahead 2 m air temperature and to generate spatially continuous high-resolution temperature fields. Several model families (LightGBM, TabPFN, Transformer, and Bayesian Neural Fields) are evaluated under spatiotemporal splits designed to test generalization to unseen time periods and unseen stations; spatial mapping is implemented via a KNN interpolation layer in physiographic feature space. All learned configurations reduce mean absolute error relative to raw GFS across splits. In the most operationally relevant regime (unseen stations and unseen future period), TabPFN–KNN achieves the lowest MAE (1.26 °C), corresponding to an ≈24% reduction versus GFS (1.66 °C). The results support the feasibility of an operational, sensor-infrastructure-compatible pipeline for high-resolution temperature superresolution in agricultural landscapes.

Abstract: Leading-edge erosion of wind turbine blades caused by repeated raindrop impingement can significantly reduce power output and increase maintenance costs. This study develops a rain erosion atlas for Japan over 11 years from 2006 to 2016 based on CRIEPI-RCM-Era2 dataset. The NREL 5 MW, DTU 10 MW, and IEA 15 MW wind turbines were employed to evaluate the incubation time (erosion onset time) of commercial polyurethane-based coating at blade tip. Erosion progression was simulated using an empirical damage model that relates raindrop impingement and impact velocity to the incubation time. The rain erosion atlas reveals a clear correlation between wind turbine size and erosion risk: the NREL 5MW turbine shows the incubation time of 3–12 years, the DTU 10MW turbine 1–4 years, and the IEA 15MW turbine 0.5–2 years. Shorter incubation times are observed on the Pacific Ocean side, where annual precipitation is higher than on the Sea of Japan side. Additionally, the influence of coating degradation due to ultraviolet radiation was assessed using solar radiation data, revealing a further reduction in incubation time on the Pacific Ocean side. Finally, the potential of erosion-safe mode operation was examined, demonstrating its effectiveness in alleviating erosion progression.

Abstract: The search of new antibacterial agents is an important task due to the emergence of resistance to widely used drugs. The bromine, chlorine and nitro-substituted in phenyl ring azomethines with long alkyl chains (C12, C14, C16 and C18) were synthesized and characterized by several experimental methods (NMR and IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis). Antibacterial activity was tested on several cultures and the synthesized compounds show the activity at the level of some commercial antiseptics. Lipophilicity (which is important descriptor for biological properties prediction) of the experimentally synthesized and isomeric molecules was determined by three different approaches: quantum chemistry, machine learning (GraphormerLogP model) and atom contribution model (RDKit library). Quantum-chemical method can take into account any spatial arrangements and can be considered the most accurate of the used approaches, but a lot of computational time it is necessary for it. Atom contribution model is the fastest of the used methods but gives underestimated results and different isomers have exactly the same values in contrast to the quantum chemistry results. Machine learning-based methods (GraphormerLogP) demonstrate acceptable accuracy, sensitivity to isomerism, and orders of magnitude higher throughput, making them an optimal tool for high-throughput screening.

Abstract: Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from gut Escherichia coli are emerging postbiotic candidates, yet how probiotic versus commensal strains differentially program human dendritic cells (DCs) remains poorly defined. Here we compared OMVs from probiotic E. coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) and commensal strains ECOR12 and ECOR63 in human monocyte-derived DCs, integrating cytokines and microRNAs (miRNAs). All OMVs drove DC maturation, increasing CD83 and secretion of IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α, but with strain-specific patterns: ECOR12 preferentially increased IL-10, whereas EcN and ECOR63 induced stronger IL-6/TNF-α outputs. EcN and ECOR12 OMVs upregulated miR-155-5p and let-7i-3p, while ECOR12 selectively boosted miR-146b-5p and EcN preferentially induced miR-29a-5p, linking vesicle origin to regulatory circuits controlling TLR signalling and epithelial barrier–related pathways. Principal component analysis showed that the first two components captured 96.2% of total variance, clearly segregating strains. MANOVA confirmed a robust multivariate strain effect (Pillai = 1.99, p < 2.2×10⁻¹⁶), and univariate models showed that strain explained 78–91% of cytokine variance and 98–99% of miRNA variance (R² up to 0.993). These data support OMVs as nanoscale conveyors of strain-encoded information that imprint distinct cytokine/miRNA fingerprints on DCs and provide mechanistic biomarkers for microbiota–immune crosstalk.

Abstract: This paper aims to maximize the information transmission rate by eliminating channel redundancy while still enabling reliable recovery of uncoded data. It is shown that parallel message-passing decoders can recover uncoded transmitted bits by increasing only the receiver-side computational complexity. In the proposed architecture, the $k$ transmitted information bits are embedded into a higher-dimensional linear block code at the receiver, and appropriately valued log-likelihood ratios (LLRs) are assigned to the parity positions. One-shot parallel decoding is performed across all hypotheses in the codebook, and the final decision is obtained by minimizing an orthogonality-based energy criterion between the decoded vector and the complement of the code space. For a fixed $(8,24)$ linear block code, the decoding behavior is investigated as a function of the parity-bit LLR magnitude. Increasing the parity LLR magnitude introduces an artificial reliability that improves hypothesis separation in the code space and yields a sharper waterfall region in the bit-error-rate (BER) curves. This increase in parity LLR also induces a systematic rightward shift of the BER curves, which does not correspond to a physical noise reduction and must therefore be compensated for fair performance comparison. After proper compensation, it is observed that increasing the parity LLR improves decoding performance up to a point where it can surpass the performance of conventional LDPC decoding with iterative processing. In principle, arbitrarily strong decoding performance can be approached by increasing the parity LLR magnitude; however, the maximum usable value is limited by numerical instabilities in practical message-passing implementations. Overall, the results demonstrate that strong decoding performance can be achieved without transmitting redundancy or employing high-dimensional coding at the transmitter, relying instead on receiver-side processing and controlled parity reliability over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel.

Abstract: Background: Persistent poverty and the residential environment both significantly affect how Africans experience the healthcare system. However, evidence on the interaction of these factors on perceived access to healthcare is limited.Methods: This analysis used pooled data from the Afrobarometer Round 8 surveys across 34 African countries (n ≈ 46,885 adults) to assess perceived ease or difficulty of obtaining necessary healthcare. The primary predictor was residential poverty status, classified using a composite of the Lived Poverty Index (LPI) and urban, semi-urban, and rural residency, resulting in eight groups, with non-poor urban/semi-urban residents serving as the reference category. The analysis employed complementary log–log regression, sequentially adjusting for various biosocial and socioeconomic predictors, including age, sex, education, employment, and religion, while incorporating country fixed effects and Afrobarometer survey weights.Results: Residential poverty status remained a strong predictor of healthcare access, even after sequential adjustment for biosocial and socioeconomic factors. When biosocial controls were accounted for, the odds ratios for all residential poverty categories remained largely stable, with only minimal attenuation, suggesting that age and gender do not mediate the relationship between deprivation and healthcare access in any substantial way. Moderately-poor rural residents had 72.5% higher odds of reporting access compared to non-poor urban/semi-urban residents (OR = 1.725, P< 0.001), while highly-poor rural residents had 66.0% higher odds (OR = 1.660, P< 0.001).Women and older adults reported better access than men and younger individuals (P<0.001). Higher education levels were linked to lower odds of reporting access (secondary: OR=0.870; post-secondary: OR=0.878; both P<0.001). Conclusion: The relationship between poverty and healthcare access in Africa is more nuanced than often assumed. In some contexts, poorer individuals reported higher odds of access, reflecting potential effects of subsidized care and infrastructure investments. Residential context—especially the rural–urban divide—proved a stronger predictor than poverty alone, with notable cross-country variation. These findings challenge uniform exclusion narratives and underscore the need for integrated policies addressing place, education, and financial protection to promote equitable healthcare access.

Abstract: The rising global burden of colorectal cancer (CRC) has now positioned it as the third most common cancer worldwide. Chemotherapy regimens are known to disrupt the composition of the gut microbiota and lead to long-term health consequences for cancer patients. However, the alteration of gut microbiota by specific chemotherapeutic agents has been insufficiently explored until now. The purpose of this study was to assess changes in the gut microbiota following treatment with VERU-111 as a chemotherapy agent for the treatment of CRC. We thus performed a metagenomic study using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of fecal samples from different experimental groups in the azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced murine model of CRC. To predict the functional potential of microbial communities, we used the resulting 16S rRNA gene sequencing data to perform Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. We found that the administration of VERU-111 led to a restructured microbial community that was characterized by increased alpha and beta diversity. Compared to the mice treated with DSS alone, VERU-111 treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of several bacterial species, including Verrucomicrobiota species, Muribaculum intestinale, Alistipes finegoldii, Turicibacter, and the well-known gut protective bacterial species Akkermansia muciniphila. The relative abundance of Ruminococcus, which is negatively correlated with immune checkpoint blockade therapy, was diminished following VERU-111 administration. Overall, this metagenomic study suggested that the microbial shift after administration of VERU-111 was associated with suppression of several metabolic and cancer-related pathways that might, at least in part, facilitate the suppression of CRC. These favorable shifts in gut microbiota suggest a novel therapeutic dimension of using VERU-111 to treat CRC and emphasize the need for further mechanistic exploration.

Abstract: Background: Childhood obesity represents the most common nutritional and metabolic disorder in industrialized countries and constitutes a major public health concern. In Italy, 20–25% of school-aged children are overweight and 10–14% are obese, with marked regional variability [1–6]. Excess adiposity in childhood is frequently associated with hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), predisposing to future cardiovascular disease (CVD). Objective: To investigate anthropometric indicators of cardiometabolic risk in 810 children and adolescents aged 7–17 years who underwent assessment for competitive sports eligibility at the Sports Medicine Unit of Modena, evaluate baseline knowledge of cardiovascular health aligned with ESC, AAP [2023], and EASO guidelines. [4–6] Methods: 810 children and adolescents aged 7–17 years undergoing competitive sports eligibility assessment at the Sports Medicine Unit of Modena underwent evaluation of BMI percentile, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and blood pressure. Cardiovascular knowledge and lifestyle habits were assessed via a a previously used questionnaire. Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure (BP), and lifestyle-related knowledge and behaviors were assessed using standardized procedures. Overweight and obesity were defined according to WHO BMI-for-age percentiles. Elevated BP was classified based on the 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics age-, sex-, and height-specific percentiles. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, group comparisons, chi-square tests with effect size estimation, correlation analyses, and multivariable logistic regression models. Results: Overall, 22% of participants were overweight and 14% obese. WHtR > 0.5 was observed in 28% of the sample and was more frequent among overweight/obese children (p < 0.001). Elevated BP was detected in 12% of participants with available measurements (n = 769) and was significantly associated with excess adiposity (χ² = 7.21, p < 0.01; Cramér’s V = 0.27). In multivariable logistic regression analyses adjusted for age and sex, WHtR > 0.5 (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.32–3.47, p = 0.002) and higher sedentary time (OR 1.41 per additional daily hour, 95% CI 1.10–1.82, p = 0.006) were independently associated with elevated BP, whereas BMI percentile lost significance when WHtR was included in the model. Lifestyle knowledge scores were significantly lower among overweight and obese participants compared with normal-weight peers (p < 0.01). Conclusions: WHtR is a sensitive early marker of cardiometabolic risk, often identifying at-risk children missed by BMI alone. Baseline cardiovascular knowledge was suboptimal. The observed gaps in cardiovascular knowledge underscore the importance of integrating anthropometric screening with structured educational interventions to promote healthy lifestyles and long-term cardiovascular prevention.

Abstract: The archaeological terraces of Petra (southern Jordan) have long been recognized for their role in agriculture and flood mitigation. Despite the dominance of fine-grained sediments behind many terrace walls, these systems exhibit high infiltration capacity and remarkable resistance to erosion. This study investigates the hydrological behavior of terrace-trapped sediments through detailed soil texture, aggregate stability, salinity, and chemical analyses across eight representative sites in and around Petra. Grain-size distributions derived from dry and wet sieving, supplemented by laser diffraction, reveal that dry sieving substantially overestimates sand content due to aggregation of fine particles into unstable peds. Wet analyses demonstrate that many terrace soils are clay- or sandy-clay-dominated yet remain highly permeable. Chem-ical indicators (nitrate, phosphate, potassium, pH, and salinity) further suggest that terracing enhances downward water movement and salt leaching irrespective of clay content. These findings indicate that terrace architecture and sediment structure exert a stronger control on hydrological functioning than texture alone. The results have direct implications for under-standing ancient land management in Petra and for informing sustainable terracing practices in modern arid and semi-arid landscapes.

Abstract: Myocarditis remains a significant global health burden often accompanied by im-mune-mediated myocardial injury, oxidative stress, and unpredictable clinical progres-sion. Experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) models have provided different in-sights into the interconnected roles of T-cell subsets, proinflammatory cytokines, mac-rophage polarization, and mitochondrial dysfunction in both acute inflammation and chronic cardiac remodeling. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), which delivers 100% oxygen at elevated atmospheric pressures, has emerged as a potential multimodal in-tervention capable of affecting several of these pathogenic pathways. Preclinical data demonstrate that HBOT enhances oxygen delivery to the inflamed myocardium, sup-presses the activation of NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasomes, reduces oxidative stress, preserves mitochondrial function, and promotes immunoregulatory T-cell responses. Despite these promising results, significant translational challenges remain, including protocol variability, lack of long-term outcome data, incomplete mechanistic profiling, and uncertainties regarding optimal timing and patient selection. Future research should try to incorporate already standardized HBOT regimens, multi-omics analyses, advanced imaging, and well-designed early-phase clinical trials to evaluate safety and efficacy in human myocarditis. Overall, the currently available evidence supports HBOT as a bi-ologically plausible and potentially valuable adjunct therapy for autoimmune myocar-ditis, expressing the need for further mechanistic and clinical investigation.

Abstract: Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is the most prevalent form of lung cancer, and its progression is strongly driven by the constitutive activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). This study used surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology to develop a STAT3-targeting recognition system and identify natural inhibitors from the traditional Chinese medicine Psoralea corylifolia. SPR analysis showed that psoralen and isopsoralen bind effectively to STAT3, with equilibrium dissociation constants (KD) of 80.92 µM and 28.11 µM, respectively. Molecular docking further confirmed their interaction with the STAT3 SH2 domain. Beyond direct STAT3 inhibition, both compounds demonstrated notable free radical scavenging activity. In a hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced oxidative stress model, pretreatment with psoralen or isopsoralen significantly reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), while increasing ROS accumulation in A549 lung cancer cells. This combined ability to inhibit STAT3 and regulate redox homeostasis underlies their anti-NSCLC effects, including strong suppression of cancer cell proliferation and migration. Importantly, neither compound exhibited significant cytotoxicity in normal cells, indicating favorable selectivity. This work identifies psoralen and isopsoralen as novel dual-function STAT3 inhibitors and demonstrates the utility of SPR for screening bioactive natural products for targeted NSCLC therapy.

Abstract: Understanding when and where to shift land from agriculture to forestry is essential for developing sustainable land-use strategies that balance climate, biodiversity, and rural development goals. Traditional profitability comparisons rely on long-term discounting, which is sensitive to assumptions and misaligned with the decision-making horizons of landowners and policymakers. This study introduces a deposit-based framework that treats annual timber biomass growth as accumulating economic value, enabling direct comparison with yearly agricultural profits on a per-hectare basis. By integrating parcel-level spatial data, land quality indicators, national statistics, and expert input, the framework generates high-resolution maps of annual profitability for both land uses. Applied in Latvia, the analysis reveals significant regional variation in agricultural returns, with many low-quality areas showing marginal or negative profits, while forestry offers stable, modest gains across diverse biophysical conditions. The results highlight where afforestation becomes a financially rational alternative and suggest transition pathways that enhance overall land-use profitability while supporting climate and biodiversity objectives. The framework is transferable to other contexts by substituting context-specific data on land quality, prices and growth, and can complement policy instruments such as performance-based CAP payments and afforestation support. The approach supports future-oriented differentiated land-use planning using annually updated spatial economic signals.

Abstract:

Background/Objectives: Lamotrigine is an anticonvulsant and mood stabilizer with wide interindividual pharmacokinetic variability, necessitating therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). Patient-based quality control (PBQC) strategies, such as tracking median drug concentrations, may complement traditional quality assurance in routine laboratory practice. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 16,495 lamotrigine results collected between 2008 and December 2025 at Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala. Data included age, sex, sampling date, and lamotrigine concentrations. Assays were performed using the Beckman Coulter DxI 9000 until February 2011, the Architect platform until January 2021, after which the Cobas Pro c 503 platform was implemented. Yearly patient medians were calculated, and trends, seasonal variation, and method agreement were assessed. Results: Of all results, 6,164 were from males and 10,331 from females. Median concentrations were slightly higher in males (15.20 µmol/L) than in females (13.71 µmol/L), representing a weak but statistically significant difference (Spearman R = -0.048; p < 0.0001). The total number of reported results increased steadily over time, from 60 in 2008 to more than 1,500 annually by 2024–2025. Median lamotrigine concentrations increased from 11.65 µmol/L in 2008 to 17.40 µmol/L in 2025 (Spearman R = 0.047; p < 0.0001). Seasonal variation in sample volume was observed, with peaks in November and troughs in July and December, but median concentrations remained stable (CV = 3.15%). Method comparison showed strong agreement between Architect and Cobas assays (R² = 0.97). Conclusions: Patient median lamotrigine concentrations serve as a robust PBQC tool, capable of detecting subtle analytical shifts while remaining resilient to seasonal fluctuations and platform transitions. This approach enhances confidence in assay reliability and supports safer therapeutic decision-making in real-world TDM practice.

Abstract: The primary focus of this research is to broaden the concept of pseudo spectrum from operators or matrices to elements in a unital com- plex Banach Jordan algebra-transcending from the associative to the non- associative setting. We introduce the notion of -invertibility in a Banach Jordan algebra J ; and establish the invariance of pseudospectra in a full subal- gebra of J : Furthermore, we investigate the properties of the pseudo-spectrum of an element in a Banach Jordan algebra, we examine level sets of functions and pseudo-spectral bounds. In Section 5, the study extends to linear maps preserving pseudospctrum in Banach Jordan algebras. Section 6 is about the decomposition of some elements of a Banach Jordan algebra into simpler ones in localized subalgebras. Finally, Secion 7 is dedicated to the study of Roch-Silberman theorem in a JB-algebra.

Abstract: Cutaneous melanoma is one of the most aggressive skin cancers known. Over the years, multiple studies have focused on researching novel treatment options. For this purpose, numerous areas have been analyzed, and the focus has shifted toward the mechanisms by which immune-modulating molecules act within the microenviron-ment. Among these, ATP-binding cassette transporters and stem-associated pathways have been shown to influence drug response and immune escape. ABCB5 is a gene with multiple isoforms that significantly influences the immune response. In melano-ma, the ABCB5α isoform is predominantly expressed, primarily in tumor stem-like cells. Thus, it can alter the effects of medications by promoting chemoresistance via ac-tive drug efflux. The gene also regulates pathways PI3K/Akt, BCL-2, and miR-145, leading to overexpression. ABCB5 positive cells create an immunosuppressive micro-environment via cytokines (IL-8, IL-6, TGF-β) and death ligands (PD-L1), favoring tumor progression, thus correlating with poor prognosis. This review integrates cur-rent data on the molecular and microenvironmental mechanisms, underlying mela-noma progression and therapy resistance, highlighting ABCB5 as one of the several emerging biomarkers with potential prognostic and therapeutic relevance.

Abstract: Curtain deflector coating is a widely employed technique for producing thin, uniform films in numerous industrial applications. Near the corner region created by the interaction of the moving substrate and the falling liquid curtain, the flow dynamics are more complex. In this study, an analytical investigation is conducted for the steady, incompressible, and creeping flow of a Maxwell fluid, incorporating the Navier slip condition at the substrate. The governing nonlinear equations, derived from the conservation of mass and momentum, are solved using the Langlois recursive technique in combination with the inverse method, yielding an approximate third-order solutions for velocity, pressure, and stress fields. Finite and physically consistent stress distributions are produced by the slip condition that removes the singularity connected to the traditional no-slip boundary condition. The analysis demonstrates that substrate slip significantly reduces tangential stresses and enhances the stability of the coating flow. Residual error analysis is also performed to verify the accuracy and convergence of the analytical solutions. The results provide a deeper understanding of how slip effects can be utilized to improve coating uniformity and optimize the operational performance of curtain deflector coating systems.

Abstract:

We present a complete axiomatic framework for New Subquantum Informational Mechanics (NMSI), a fundamental physical theory in which information, rather than energy, constitutes the ontological substrate of reality. The framework is based on ten interdependent axioms describing an eternal, oscillatory, and non-expansive universe, where all physical phenomena emerge from the modulation of informational density within a structured subquantum vacuum. NMSI eliminates spacetime singularities through multi-layer curvature stratification, resolves the Hubble tension (H₀) without ad-hoc parameters, and explains the presence of early mature galaxies observed by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) via accelerated structure formation at advanced informational phase. In this framework, dark matter is reinterpreted as a complementary informational phase of baryonic matter, eliminating the need for exotic particles, while dark energy ceases to exist as a physical entity and is replaced by a geometric phase gradient. We provide complete mathematical derivations for all axioms, a rigorous mapping between theoretical quantities and primary observables (spectroscopic redshift, luminosity and angular distances, galaxy rotation curves, gravitational lensing, and gravitational-wave signatures), as well as quantitative, testable predictions tied to specific instruments (DESI, JWST/NIRSpec, ANDES/ELT, LISA). The framework demonstrates full compatibility with local gravity tests (PPN formalism, Mercury perihelion precession, binary pulsars) and includes a detailed parametric sensitivity analysis. Crucially, NMSI is explicitly falsifiable through five independent experimental test classes: (1) temporal redshift variation (dz/dt), (2) direct detection of WIMP-like dark matter particles, (3) variation of the fine-structure constant α(Z), (4) deviations in gravitational-wave waveforms, and (5) anomalous lensing-to-baryonic mass ratios in galaxy clusters. The proposed framework satisfies the criteria of internal logical coherence, experimental falsifiability, and observational relevance, and offers a clearly formulated paradigm shift from energy-based to information-based fundamental physics.

Abstract: The building sector accounts for approximately 30% of global energy use. The demand for energy-efficient, high-performance buildings is increasing given the increasing awareness of the climate crisis. The building envelope greatly influences overall building energy performance. Considering the broad shift from passive to adaptive systems, smart window technologies are attracting attention. Despite their potential, few scholars have examined occupant comfort in spaces with smart windows. This gap is addressed herein by comparatively analyzing occupants’ responses to thermal and visual environments in a room with a smart window (RoomSW) and a room with a conventional window (RoomCW) in a residential building in winter. The smart window is operated via a glare-prevention tint control strategy, whereby the tint level is adjusted stepwise when glare occurs. The results reveal that under thermal conditions comparable to those in an actual dwelling, winter-time smart window tinting for glare prevention does not decrease occupants’ thermal sensation or satisfaction. Regarding visual comfort, the conditions in both the RoomSW and RoomCW satisfy the minimum indoor illuminance requirements, but glare occurs in the RoomCW. The questionnaire results indicate greater satisfaction with the luminous environment in the RoomSW relative to the RoomCW. This difference is statistically significant (p < 0.05).

Abstract: This paper addresses the practical challenges in governing “child-centred artificial intelligence”: regulatory texts often outline principles and requirements yet lack reproducible evidence anchors, clear causal pathways, executable governance toolchains, and computable audit metrics. To bridge this gap, this paper proposes the Graph-GAP methodology: decomposing requirements from authoritative policy texts into a four-layer graph structure of ‘evidence-mechanism-governance-indicator’, and constructing dual quantifiable metrics—GAP scoring and ‘mitigation readiness’—to identify governance gaps and prioritise actions. Using UNICEF Innocenti's Guidance on AI and Children 3.0 as primary material, this paper provides reproducible data extraction units, coding manuals, graph patterns, scoring scales, and consistency verification protocols. It further offers exemplar gap profiles and governance priority matrices for ten requirements. Findings indicate that compared to privacy and data protection, themes such as ‘child well-being/development,’ ‘explainability and accountability,’ and ‘cross-agency implementation and resource allocation’ are more prone to indicator gaps and mechanism gaps. Priority should be given to translating regulatory requirements into auditable governance through closed-loop systems incorporating child rights impact assessments, continuous monitoring metrics, and grievance redress procedures. At the coding level, this paper further proposes a ‘multi-algorithm review-aggregation-revision’ mechanism: deploying rule encoders, statistical/ machine learning evaluators and large-model evaluators with diverse prompt configurations as parallel coders. Each extraction unit yields E/M/G/K and Readiness scores alongside evidence anchors. Consistency, stability, and uncertainty are validated using Krippendorff’s α, weighted κ, ICC, and bootstrap confidence intervals. The scoring system is operational and auditable.