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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0083.v1

Screening Biophysical Sensors and Actuators that Influence Wound Healing in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neurons

Vaibhav Pai, Ben Cooper, Michael Levin

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: bioelectricity; ion flux; membrane potential; live sensor dyes; pH; serotonin; acetylcholine; GABA; hiNSC

Online: 6 July 2022 (03:52:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0329.v1

Prevalence of CAH-X Syndrome in Italian Patients with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) Due to 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency

Rosa Maria Paragliola, Alessia Perrucci, Laura Foca, Andrea Urbani, Paola Concolino

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: congenital adrenal hyperplasia; Ehlers Danlos Syndrome; CAH-X syndrome

Online: 24 June 2022 (04:09:50 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0284.v1

Building Consensus around the Assessment and Interpretation of Symbiodiniaceae Diversity

Sarah Davies, Matthew H. Gamache, Lauren I. Howe-Kerr, Nicola G. Kriefall, Andrew C. Baker, Anastazia T. Banaszak, Line K. Bay, Anthony J. Bellantuono, Debashish Bhattacharya, Cheong Xin Chan, Danielle C. Claar, Mary Alice Coffroth, Ross Cunning, Simon K. Davy, Javier del Campo, Erika M. Diaz-Almeyda, Jorg C. Frommlet, Lauren E. Fuess, Raul A. Gonzalez-Pech, Tamar L. Goulet, Kenneth D. Hoadley, Emily J. Howells, Benjamin C. C. Hume, Dustin W. Kemp, Carly, D. Kenkel, Sheila A. Kitchen, Todd C. LaJeunesse, Senjie Lin, Shelby McIlroy, Ryan McMinds, Matthew R. Nitschke, Clinton A. Oakley, Raquel S. Peixoto, Carlos Prada, Hollie M. Putnam, Kate Quigley, Hannah G. Reich, James Davis Reimer, Mauricio Rodriguez-Lanetty, Stephanie Rosalas, Osama S. Saad, Eugenia M. Sampayo, Scott Santos, Eiichi Shoguchi, Edward G. Smith, Michael Stat, Timothy G. Stephens, Marie E. Strader, David J. Suggett, Timothy D. Swain, Cawa Tran, Nikki Traylor-Knowles, Christian R. Voolstra, Mark E. Warner, Virginia M. Weis, Rachel Wright, Tingting Xiang, Hiroshi Yamashita, Maren Ziegler, Adrienne M.S. Correa, John Everett Parkinson

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Symbiodinaceae; genetic diversity; coral symbiosis

Online: 21 June 2022 (04:49:04 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0122.v2

Evidence for the Presence of Synovial Sheaths Surrounding the Extensor Tendons at the Metacarpophalangeal Joints

Yousra Dakkak, Bastiaan van Dijk, Friso Jansen, Lambertus Wisse, Monique Reijnierse, Annette van der Helm-van Mil, Marco de Ruiter

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: tendon sheath; metacarpophalangeal; rheumatoid arthritis; tenosynovitis; peritendinitis; anatomy

Online: 8 June 2022 (12:29:32 CEST)

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Preprint SHORT NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0048.v1

Morphometric Characterization of the Asymmetry in the Mandible of the Ferret (Mustela putorius furo Linnaeus, 1758)

Pere M. Parés-Casanova

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: craniofacial; laboratory animal; mental foramen; mental nerve; polecat

Online: 3 June 2022 (11:18:03 CEST)

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Preprint SHORT NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0044.v1

Bony Orbital Form in Two Groups of Catarrhini Primates: How Asymmetrical Are They?

Pere M. Parés-Casanova

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: drill; gorilla; mandrill; nonhuman primates; papio; stress

Online: 3 June 2022 (10:22:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0349.v1

Screening and Identification of Novel Small Molecule Inhibitors against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Dihydrodipicolinate Synthase Enzyme using In Silico and In Vitro Methods

Anasuya Bhargav, Pratibha Chaurasia, Nikita V. Ivanisenko, Vladimir A. Ivanisenko, Bhupesh Taneja, Srinivasan Ramachandran

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Docking; lead discovery; molecular dynamic simulation; tuberculosis; coupled assay

Online: 25 May 2022 (10:11:26 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0216.v2

The Solid Tumor Microenvironment - Breaking The Barrier For T Cells

Hasan Simsek, Enrico Klotzsch

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: tumor microenvironment; immunology; mechanobiology

Online: 21 March 2022 (10:57:52 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0086.v1

Ecological Firewalls for Synthetic Biology

Blai Vidiella, Ricard Sole

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: ecological firewalls; synthetic microbiomes; mutualism; cooperation

Online: 4 March 2022 (21:50:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0076.v1

The Advantage of Inactivated Vaccine for Preventing the Omicron Outbreak

Xinbo Lian, Jianping Huang, Li Zhang, Yingjie Zhao, Danfeng Wang, Shuoyuan Gao, Rui Wang, Xiaodong Song

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: COVID-19; Omicron; inactivated vaccines

Online: 4 March 2022 (09:10:15 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0223.v3

A Standardized Nomenclature and Atlas of the Female Terminalia of Drosophila melanogaster

Eden W. McQueen, Mehrnaz Afkhami, Joel Atallah, John M. Belote, Nicolas Gompel, Yael Heifetz, Yoshitaka Kamimura, Shani C. Kornhaeuser, John P. Masly, Patrick O’Grady, Julianne Peláez, Mark Rebeiz, Gavin Rice, Ernesto Sánchez-Herrero, Maria Daniela Santos Nunes, Augusto Santos Rampasso, Sandra L. Schnakenberg, Mark L. Siegal, Aya Takahashi, Kentaro M. Tanaka, Natascha Turetzek, Einat Zelinger, Virginie Courtier-Orgogozo, Masanori J. Toda, Mariana F. Wolfner, Amir Yassin

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Genitalia; terminalia; anatomy; Drosophila melanogaster; nomenclature

Online: 4 March 2022 (08:56:09 CET)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0014.v1

Body Plan Identity: A Mechanistic Model

James DiFrisco, Gunter Wagner

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: body plan; archetype; burden; generative entrenchment

Online: 1 March 2022 (10:17:43 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0067.v1

Progress in Antimalarial Drug Discovery and Development: Obstructions and Opportunities

Rukshi Naaz

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Antimalarial Drug; Malaria Vaccine; Drug Discovery; Artimisnine; K13; Malaria

Online: 4 February 2022 (10:22:34 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0064.v1

Farmers’ Participatory Evaluation of Alternate Wetting and Drying Irrigation Method on the Greenhouse Gas Emission, Water Productivity and Paddy Yield in Bangladesh

Mohammad Mobarak Hossain, Mohammad Rafiqul Islam

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: methane; nitrous oxide; global warming potential; water productivity; paddy yield

Online: 3 February 2022 (17:02:55 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0223.v2

A Standardized Nomenclature and Atlas of the Female Terminalia of Drosophila melanogaster

Eden McQueen, Mehrnaz Afkhami, Joel Atallah, Nicolas Gompel, Yael Heifetz, Yoshitaka Kamimura, Shani Chen Kornhaeuser, John P. Masly, Patrick O’Grady, Julianne Peláez, Mark Rebeiz, Gavin Rice, Ernesto Sánchez-Herrero, Maria Daniela Santos Nunes, Augusto Santos Rampasso, Sandra L. Schnakenberg, Mark L. Siegal, Aya Takahashi, Kentaro M. Tanaka, Natascha Turetzek, Einat Zelinger, Virginie Courtier-Orgogozo, Masanori J. Toda, Mariana F. Wolfner, Amir Yassin

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Genitalia; terminalia; anatomy; Drosophila melanogaster; nomenclature

Online: 27 January 2022 (14:04:13 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0254.v1

Formalizing Insect Morphological Data: A Model-Based, Extensible Insect Anatomy Ontology and Its Potential Applications in Biodiversity Research and Informatics

Jennifer C. Girón, Sergei Tarasov, Luis A. González Montaña, Nicolas Matentzoglu, Aaron D. Smith, Markus Koch, Brendon E. Boudinot, Patrice Bouchard, Roger Burks, Lars Vogt, Matt Yoder, David Osumi-Sutherland, Frank Friedrich, Rolf Beutel, István Mikó

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Morphology; insects; biodiversity research; ontology development

Online: 18 January 2022 (11:49:54 CET)

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The spectacular radiation of insects has produced a stunning diversity of phenotypes. During the last 250 years, research on insect systematics has generated hundreds of terms for naming and comparing those phenotypes. In its current form, this terminological diversity is presented in natural language and lacks formalization, which prohibits computer-assisted comparison using semantic web technologies. Here we propose a Model for Describing Insect Anatomical Structures (MoDIAS) which incorporates structural properties and positional relationships for standardized, consistent, and reproducible descriptions of insect phenotypes. We applied the MoDIAS framework in creating the ontology for the Anatomy of the Insect Skeleto-Muscular system (AISM). The AISM is the first general insect ontology that aims to cover all taxa by providing generalized, fully logical, and queryable, definitions for each term. It was built using the Ontology Development Kit (ODK), which maximizes interoperability with Uberon (Uberon multi-species anatomy ontology) and other basic ontologies, enhancing the integration of insect anatomy into the broader biological sciences. A template system for adding new terms, extending and linking the AISM to additional anatomical, phenotypic, genetic, and chemical ontologies is also introduced. The AISM is proposed as the backbone for taxon-specific insect ontologies and has potential applications spanning systematic biology and biodiversity informatics, allowing users to (1) use controlled vocabularies and create semi-automated computer-parsable insect morphological descriptions; (2) integrate insect morphology into broader fields of research, including ontology-informed phylogenetic methods, logical homology hypothesis testing, evo-devo studies, and genotype to phenotype mapping; and (3) automate the extraction of morphological data from the literature, enabling the generation of large-scale phenomic data, by facilitating the production and testing of informatic tools able to extract, link, annotate, and process morphological data. This system will allow for clear and semantically interoperable integration of insect phenotypes in biodiversity studies.

Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0223.v1

A Standardized Nomenclature and Atlas of the Female Terminalia of Drosophila melanogaster

Eden McQueen, Mehrnaz Afkhami, Joel Atallah, Nicolas Gompel, Yael Heifetz, Yoshitaka Kamimura, John P. Masly, Patrick O’Grady, Julianne Peláez, Mark Rebeiz, Gavin Rice, Ernesto Sánchez-Herrero, Maria Daniela Santos Nunes, Augusto Santos Rampasso, Sandra L. Schnakenberg, Mark L. Siegal, Aya Takahashi, Kentaro M. Tanaka, Natascha Turetzek, Virginie Courtier-Orgogozo, Masanori J. Toda, Mariana F. Wolfner, Amir Yassin

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Genitalia; terminalia; anatomy; Drosophila melanogaster; nomenclature

Online: 17 January 2022 (12:30:35 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0338.v1

Designing Climate-Smart Brinjal That Can Withstand a Variety of Environmental Conditions: A Perspective

Bandi Arpitha Shankar

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Brinjal; Chlorogenic acid content; Climate smart; Breeding; Molecular markers

Online: 21 December 2021 (13:44:30 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0216.v1

The Solid Tumor Microenvironment - Breaking The Barrier For T Cells

Hasan Simsek, Enrico Klotzsch

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: tumor microenvironment; immunology; mechanobiology

Online: 13 December 2021 (16:29:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0348.v1

Functional Conservation and Genetic Divergence of Chordate Glycinergic Neurotransmission: Insights from Amphioxus Glycine Transporters

Matteo Bozzo, Simone Costa, Valentina Obino, Tiziana Bachetti, Emanuela Marcenaro, Mario Pestarino, Michael Schubert, Simona Candiani

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: GlyT; glia; nervous system evolution; central pattern generator; locomotion; cephalochordates

Online: 25 October 2021 (12:45:26 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0339.v2

An Updated Review of the Invasive Aedes Albopictus in the Americas; Geographical Distribution, Host Feeding Patterns, Arbovirus Infection, and the Potential for Vertical Transmission of Dengue Virus

Julian E. Garcia-Rejon, Juan-Carlos Navarro, Nohemi Cigarroa-Toledo, Carlos M. Baak-Baak

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Asian tiger mosquito; feeding pattern; minimum infection rate; emerging arboviruses; dengue virus

Online: 30 September 2021 (11:48:25 CEST)

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Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus is a mosquito native to Southeast Asia. Currently, it has a wide distribution in America where natural infection with arboviruses of medical and veterinary importance has been reported. In spite of their importance in the transmission of endemic arbovirus, basic information of parameters affecting their vectorial capacity is poorly investigated. The aim of the work was to update the distribution range of Ae. albopictus in the Americas, review the blood-feeding patterns and compare the minimum infection rate (MIR) of the dengue virus (DENV) between studies of vertical and horizontal transmission. The current distribution of Ae. albopictus encompasses 21 countries in the Americas. Extensive review has been conducted for the blood-feeding patterns of Ae. albopictus. The results suggest that the mosquito is capable of feeding on 16 species of mammals and five species of avian. Humans, dogs, and rats are the most common host. Eight arboviruses with the potential to infect humans and animals have been isolated in Ae. albopictus. In the United States of America (USA), Eastern equine encephalitis virus, Keystone virus, La Crosse Virus, West Nile virus, and Cache Valley virus were isolated in the Asian mosquito. In Brazil, Mexico, Colombia, and Costa Rica, DENV (all serotypes) has been frequently identified in field-caught Ae. albopictus. Overall, the estimated MIR in Ae. albopictus infected with DENV is similar between horizontal (10.95) and vertical transmission (8.28). However, in vertical transmission, there is a difference in the MIR values if the DENV is identified from larvae or adults (males and females emerged from a collection of eggs or larvae). MIR estimated from larvae is 14.04 and in adults is 4.04. In conclusion, it has to be highlighted that Ae. albopictus is an invasive mosquito with wide phenotypic plasticity to adapt to broad and new areas, it is highly efficient to transmit the DENV horizontally and vertically, it can participate in the inter-endemic transmission of the dengue disease, and it can spread zoonotic arboviruses across forest and urban settings.

Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0122.v1

Evidence for the Presence of Synovial Sheaths Surrounding the Extensor Tendons at the Metacarpophalangeal Joints

Yousra Dakkak, Friso Jansen, Lambertus Wisse, Monique Reijnierse, Annette van der Helm-van Mil, Marco de Ruiter

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: tendon sheath; metacarpophalangeal; rheumatoid arthritis; tenosynovitis; peritendinitis; anatomy

Online: 7 September 2021 (11:49:31 CEST)

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Working Paper REVIEW

Recent Progress Regarding the Molecular Aspects of Insect Gall Formation

Seiji Takeda, Tomoko Hirano, Ohishima Issei, Masa H. Sato

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: adaptive significance; evolution of gall insects; gall-inducing insects; gall formation mechanism; insect effectors

Online: 24 August 2021 (13:04:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0405.v1

Towards Facial Expression Recognition for On-farm Welfare Assessment in Pigs

Mark F. Hansen, Emma M. Baxter, Kenny M.D. Rutherford, Agnieszka Futro, Melvyn L. Smith, Lyndon N. Smith

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: animal welfare; pigs; deep learning; computer vision; stress detection; facial expression recognition

Online: 19 August 2021 (13:17:08 CEST)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0004.v11

The Carbon-Based Evolutionary Theory (CBET)

Ji-Ming Chen

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: carbon-based entity; driving force; energy; evolution; fitness; mechanism; natural selection; speciation; thermodynamics; theory

Online: 18 August 2021 (09:57:59 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0141.v1

Tomato Leaf Curl Virus of Tomato: Scenarios and Confronts

Ariptha Shankar

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Tomato; Begomovirus; Leaf Curl; Strain

Online: 5 August 2021 (11:04:09 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0124.v1

Overview Of Approaches to Improve Rhizoremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Soils

Fahad Alotaibi, Mohamed Hijri, Marc St-Arnaud

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: rhizoremediation; plant growth promoting rhizobacteria; petroleum hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria; salix; contaminated soils; alkanes; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Online: 4 August 2021 (22:30:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0106.v1

The New Method for Increasing the Genetic Potential in a Nucleus of Romanian Buffaloes, by Unicornual Artificial Insemination with Sexed Semen, after Stimulation with OvSynch Protocol

Stefan Ciornei, Dan Drugociu, Liliana Margareta Ciornei, Rosca Petru

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: hormones; Carpathian Indigenus Buffalo; FTAI; sexed semen; OvSynch

Online: 4 August 2021 (10:02:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0104.v1

Exploring Quantitative Metagenomics Studies Using Oxford Nanopore Sequencing: A Computational and Experimental Protocol

Rohia Alili, Eugeni Belda, Phuong Le, Thierry Wirth, Jean-Daniel Zucker, Edi Prifti, Karine Clement

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: quantitative metagenomics; microbiome; obesity; gut microbiota; microbial DNA extraction; sequencing; Simulation; Oxford Nanopore Technologies; MinION

Online: 4 August 2021 (09:44:24 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0097.v1

Goat Milk: Compositional, Technological, Nutritional, and Therapeutic Aspects

Ahmed R. A. Hammam, Saleh M. Salman, Mohamed S. Elfaruk, Khalid A. Alsaleem

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Goat population; Goat milk; Milk production; Milk composition; Goat cheese; Therapeutic properties

Online: 3 August 2021 (15:57:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0092.v1

Microbiome Assessment of Global Oil Reservoirs Reveals Site-Specific Hydrocarbon Degradation Functional Profiles

Kelly J. Hidalgo, Isabel N. Sierra-Garcia, German Zafra, Valéria M. de Oliveira

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: petroleum; metagenomics; core microbiota, functional potential, oil fields

Online: 3 August 2021 (15:29:57 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0082.v1

A Review of Registered and Candidate Vaccines for Bovine Respiratory Disease in the UK

Joanne L. Lemon, Michael J. McMenamy

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: vaccines; vaccination; bovine respiratory disease; antigen; adjuvants

Online: 3 August 2021 (13:39:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0078.v1

Modeling Insolation, Multi-spectral Imagery and LiDAR Point-cloud Metrics to Predict Plant Diversity in a Temperate Montane Forest

Paul Christian Dunn, Leonhard Blesius

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: biodiversity; insolation, biogeography; lidar; point-cloud; multi-spectral imagery; spatial prediction model; forest canopy

Online: 3 August 2021 (13:05:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0077.v1

Chikungunya (Togaviridae) and Dengue 2 (Flaviviridae) Viruses Isolated from Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes by qRT-PCR Technique: Xenosurveillance for Arboviruses Circulating in Burkina Faso

Aristide Sawdetuo Hien, Ibrahim Sangaré, Eric L. Parfait Ouattara, Simon P. Sawadogo, Diloma D. Soma, Maiga Hamidou, Abdoulaye Diabaté, Emmanuel Bonnet, Valéry Ridde, Florence Fournet, Carina Kaupra, Jérémy Bouyer, Adly M.M. Abd-Alla, Frances M. Hawkes, Roch K. Dabiré

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: arboviruses; Dengue; Chikungunya; molecular biology; qRT-PCR; Aedes aegypti; Burkina Faso

Online: 3 August 2021 (12:48:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0059.v1

Effect of Salinity on Morphological Characteristics, Biochemical Accumulation, and Essential Oil Yield and Composition in Black Horehound (Ballota nigra L.)

Mehdi Younessi Mehdikhanlou, Zahra Dibazarnia, Shahin Oustan, Vinson Teniyah, Ramesh Katam, Nasser Mahna

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Ballota nigra; salinity; antioxidant; enzyme activity; phytochemical composition

Online: 2 August 2021 (16:31:13 CEST)

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Black horehound (Ballota nigra L.) is one of the important medicinal plants, which is a rich source of health-promoting essential oils. Salinity stress affects plant development and alters the quality and quantity of plants extracts and their composition. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of salinity on morphological, physiological characteristics, and secondary metabolites of B. nigra under greenhouse, and in vitro culture conditions. The plants were treated with different concentrations of NaCl (25, 50, 75, 100 mM) and fresh and dry weight of leaf and stem were measured as well as morphological characteristics of the plant. Plant growth was reduced with the increased salinity concentrations. The results showed that all growth-related traits and SPAD were decreased both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, increased salt concentration affected the cell membrane integrity. Total phenolics content of plants growing in the greenhouse, increased by 21% at 50 mM NaCl, but at higher stress levels (100 mM NaCl), the amounts were decreased significantly. Total flavonoids contents followed similar patterns, with a slight difference. In addition, the maximum and minimum total phenolics contents of plants growing under in vitro condition were observed at 50 mM NaCl and control treatments, respectively. Increasing the salt concentration significantly affected the total flavonoids content, and as a result, the highest amount was observed in 50 and 75 mM NaCl treatments. Antioxidant activity was also measured. Among the NaCl treatments, the highest DPPH scavenging activities (IC50) under greenhouse and in vitro conditions were detected at 50 mM and 25 mM concentrations, respectively. In general, based on the results, with increasing the salinity level to 75 mM, the activities of CAT and APX were significantly upregulated in both greenhouse and in vitro culture conditions. A correlation between total phenolics and flavonoids contents as well as antioxidant activity were obtained. With shifting salinity stress, the type and the amount of the identified essential oil compounds changed. Compounds such as styrene, tridecanol, germacrene-D, beta-Ionone, beta-bisabolene, and caryophyllene oxide increased compared to the controlled treatment.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0439.v2

Two Sets of Initial Conditions on Boreal Forest Carbon Storage Economics

Petri P. Kärenlampi

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: capital return rate deficiency; expected value; carbon storage; carbon rent; albedo effect

Online: 2 August 2021 (13:28:23 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0036.v1

Involvement of H-NS in Acinetobacter baumannii’s Natural Transformation

Casin Le, Camila Pimentel, Marisel Romina Tuttobene, Tomás Subils, Jenny Escalante, Brent Nishimura, Susana Arriaga, Deja Rodgers, Robert A. Bonomo, Rodrigo Sieira, Marcelo E. Tolmasky, María Soledad Ramírez

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Acinetobacter baumannii, H-NS, natural transformation, naturally competent, DNA acquisition

Online: 2 August 2021 (12:58:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0002.v1

Characterization of Conserved and Promiscuous Human Rhinovirus CD4 T Cell Epitopes

Marta Gomez-Perosanz, Tara Fiyouzi, Miguel Fernandez-Arquero, John Sidney, Alessandro Sette, Ellis L. Reinherz, Esther M. Lafuente, Pedro A. Reche

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Human Rhinovirus; CD4 T cell; epitope; peptide

Online: 2 August 2021 (08:43:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0693.v1

A New Grafting Method for Watermelon to Inhibit Rootstock Re-Growth and Enhance Scion Growth

Changjing Liu, Weiguo Lin, Chongran Feng, Xiangshuai Wu, Xiaohu Fu, Mu Xiong, Zhilong Bie, Yuan Huang

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Citrullus lanatus; grafting tool; rootstock regrowth; scion growth; vegetable grafting

Online: 30 July 2021 (09:56:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0689.v1

Effect of Total Starch and Resistant Starch in Commercial Extruded Dog Foods on Gastric Emptying in Non-Racing Sled Dogs

Taylor L. Richards, Alexandra Rankovic, John P. Cant, Anna K. Shoveller, Jennifer L. Adolphe, Dan Ramdath, Adronie Verbrugghe

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: canine, carbohydrates, grain-free, pet food, pharmacokinetic mathematical modelling, acetaminophen tracking.

Online: 30 July 2021 (09:29:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0665.v1

Alterations in Brain Cannabinoid Receptor Levels Are Associated with HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders in the ART Era: Implications for Therapeutic Strategies Targeting the Endocannabinoid System

Mary K Swinton, Erin E Sundermann, Lauren Pedersen, Jacques Nguyen, David Grelotti, Michael A Taffe, Jennifer Iudicello, Jerel Adam Fields

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: cannabinoid receptor; inflammation; astrocytes; immunohistochemistry

Online: 29 July 2021 (14:11:55 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0633.v1

Biofortification - Associated Costs and Finding Alternatives?

Avik Ray

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Biofortification; Agro-biodiversity; HarvestPlus; Hidden Hunger; Orphan Crops; Wild edibles

Online: 28 July 2021 (16:18:29 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Magnesium transporter Gene Family: Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization in Theobroma cacao, Corchorus capsularis, and Gossypium hirsutum of Family Malvaceae

Parviz Heidari, . Abdullah, Sahar Faraji, Peter Poczai

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Magnesium transporter; Comparative analysis; Malvaceae; Theobroma, Gossypium; Corchorus; Expression analysis; Gene structure; Phylogenetic analysis.

Online: 27 July 2021 (22:49:36 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0610.v1

Physiological, Epigenetic, and Genetic Regulation of Vegetative Phase Change and Rejuvenation in Plants

Tajbir Raihan, Robert L. Geneve, Sharyn E. Perry, Carlos M. Rodriguez Lopez

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: rejuvenation; vegetative phase-change; epigenetics

Online: 27 July 2021 (15:28:35 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0602.v1

Epigenetic Alterations in Pediatric Sleep Apnea

Emily Catherine Cheung, Matthew Wyatt Kay, Kathryn Jaques Schunke

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: epigenetic mechanisms of disease; fetal programming; obstructive sleep apnea; DNA methylation; histone modifications; chronic disease

Online: 27 July 2021 (11:45:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0572.v1

Evolutionary Genomic Comparisons of Chelonid Herpesvirus 5 (chhv5) From Fibropapillomatosis-Afflicted Green (Chelonia Mydas), Olive Ridley (Lepidochelys Olivacea), And Kemp’s Ridley (Lepidochelys Kempii) Sea Turtles.

Liam Whitmore, Kelsey Yetsko, Jessica A. Farrell, Annie Page-Karjian, Whitney Daniel, Donna J. Shaver, Hilary R. Frandsen, J. Shelby Walker, Whitney Crowder, Caitlin Bovery, Devon Rollinson Ramia, Brooke Burkhalter, Elizabeth Ryan, David J. Duffy

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: CFPHV; ChHV5; phylogenetics; phylogenomics; viral evolution and diversity; marine turtles; fibropapillomatosis

Online: 26 July 2021 (11:58:37 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Relationship between Body and Otolith Morphological Characteristics of Sabre Squirrelfish (Sargocentron spiniferum) from the Southern Red Sea: Difference between Right and Left Otoliths

Yassein A.A. Osman, Kélig Mahé, Samia M. El-Mahdy, Ashraf S. Mohammad, Sahar Mehanna

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Fish size; otolith shape; head side; Sargocentron spiniferum; Red Sea; asymmetry

Online: 26 July 2021 (10:55:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0558.v1

Altering Nitrogen Sources Affects Growth Carbon Costs in Vachellia nilotica Growing in Nutrient Deficient Grassland Soils

Nonkululeko Sithole, Zivanai Tsvuura, Kevin Kirkman, Anathi Magadlela

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: KwaZulu-Natal grassland soils; P deficiency; Vachellia nilotica; N- fixing bacteria; Mesorhizo-bium

Online: 26 July 2021 (09:49:12 CEST)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0546.v1

Bacterial Nomenclature in the Era of Genomics

Mark John Pallen

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Bacterial nomenclature; taxonomy; microbial genomics

Online: 23 July 2021 (14:22:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0540.v1

Optimization of Spiral-wound Microfiltration Process for Production of Micellar Casein Concentrate

Chenchaiah Marella, Venkateswarlu Sunkesula, Ahmed R. A. Hammam, Anil Kommineni, and Lloyd E. Metzger

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: polymeric spiral-wound membrane; microfiltration; transmembrane pressure; diafiltration; micellar casein concentrate

Online: 23 July 2021 (11:05:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0534.v1

The Legacy of Hurricanes, Historic Land Cover, and Municipal Ordinances on Urban Tree Canopy in Florida (United States)

Andrew Koeser

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: governance; social-ecological system; tropical cyclone; urban forest; urban tree canopy

Online: 23 July 2021 (10:31:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0531.v1

HALO-RPD: In Searching for RNA-Binding Protein Targets in Plants

Anastasia Shamustakimova

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: A.thaliana; HaloTag; RNA-binding proteins; RNA pulldown assay; RNA-protein complexes; cold shock domain protein

Online: 23 July 2021 (09:32:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0522.v1

Effects of Soil Fertilization on the Allocation of Net Primary Productivity in Tropical Rainforests of Chocó, Colombia

Harley Quinto-Mosquera, Hamleth Valois-Cuesta, Flavio Moreno-Hurtado

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Biogeographic Chocó; Carbon balance; Nutritional limitation; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Potassium

Online: 22 July 2021 (14:14:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0518.v1

Chronobiotics KL001 and KS15 Extend Lifespan and Modify Circadian Rhythms of Drosophila melanogaster

Ilya Solovev, Mikhail Shaposhnikov, Alexey Moskalev

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Chronobiotics; geroprotectors; cryptochrome; KL001; KS15; Drosophila melanogaster

Online: 22 July 2021 (13:39:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0509.v1

Genetic Variation of Native Perilla Germplasms Collected from South Korea Using SSR Markers and Morphological Characteristics

Jun Seok Oh, Kyu Jin Sa, Hyeon Park, Do Yoon Hyun, Sookyeong Lee, Ju-Hee Rhee, Ju Kyong Lee

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Perilla crop; genetic resources; morphological traits; principal component analysis; SSR marker; genetic variation

Online: 22 July 2021 (08:04:28 CEST)

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Working Paper REVIEW

A Systematic Review on Antimicrobial Properties of Mediterranean Wild Edible Plants: We Still Know a Little of the Whole, but it is Worth to Persevere

Giulia Cappelli, Francesca Mariani

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Wild Edible Plants; antimicrobial effect; Mediterranean plant; Gram+ bacteria; Gram- bacteria; extraction protocols; bioactive compounds; essential oils

Online: 21 July 2021 (10:05:22 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Transcriptomic Changes and satP Gene Function Analysis in Pasteurella multocida With Different Levels of Resistance to Fluoroquinolones

Guanyi Xu, AMAN HAQMAL MOHAMMAD, Yuxuan Xu, Junze Xue, Inam Muhammad, Haipeng Zhang, Xuesong Li, Yu Jia, Yiming Wang, Chengguang He, Lingcong Kong, Hong-xia Ma

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Bovine respiratory disease; Pasteurella multocida; resistance; tolerance; satP.

Online: 20 July 2021 (14:48:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0444.v1

Culture Growth of the Cyanobacterium Phormidium sp. in Various Salinity and Light Regimes and Their Influence on Its Phycocyanin and Other Pigments Content

George Hotos

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: cyanobacteria; Phormidium; culture growth; light; salinity; phycocyanin; pigments

Online: 20 July 2021 (11:35:05 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Cryopreservation of 13 Commercial Cannabis Sativa Genotypes Using in Vitro Nodal Explants

Cassandra D. Downey, A. Maxwell P. Jones

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Cannabis sativa; Germplasm preservation; Droplet vitrification; Conventional vitrification; Tissue culture

Online: 19 July 2021 (18:13:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0418.v1

Biochemical Basis for the Time-of-day Effect on Glufosinate Efficacy Against Amaranthus palmeri

Hudson K Takano, Franck E Dayan

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: herbicide efficacy; glutamine synthetase; reactive oxygen species; enzyme turnover; mode of action; Palmer amaranth

Online: 19 July 2021 (16:10:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0416.v1

The Untrained Response of Pet Dogs to Human Epileptic Seizure

Neil A. Powell, Gareth Arnott, Alastair Ruffell

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Epilepsy; VOCs; Attention seeking behaviours; Remote Odour Delivery Mechanism (RODM)

Online: 19 July 2021 (14:30:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0389.v2

Physiological Traits of Thirty-Five Tomato Accessions (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in Response to Low Temperature

Sherzod Nigmatullaevich Rajametov, Kwanuk Lee, Hyo Bong Jeong, Myeong Cheoul Cho, Chun Woo Nam, Eun Young Yang

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Tomatoes; Night low temperature; Physiological traits; Fruit yield; Tomato breeding; 28 correlation coefficients

Online: 19 July 2021 (10:01:59 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0384.v1

Effects of MicroRNAs in Valvular Heart Diseases: From Molecular Pathways to Clinical Effects and Therapeutical Strategies

Francesco Nappi, Adelaide Iervolino, Sanjeet Singh Avtaar Singh, Massimo Chello

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: miRNAs, valvulopathy, aortic stenosis, calcification, delivery systems

Online: 16 July 2021 (15:26:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0468.v2

Japanese Honeybees (Apis Cerana Japonica Radoszkowski, 1877) May Be Resilient to Land Use Change

Philip Donkersley, Lucy Covell, Takahiro Ota

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Pollinator; landscape; land use; urban rural gradient; Japanese honeybee; honey; pollen; nutrition.

Online: 16 July 2021 (13:04:52 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

The Arabidopsis HY2 Gene Acts as a Positive Regulator of NaCl Signaling during Seed Germination

Mingxin Piao, Jinpeng Zou, Zhifang Li, Junchuan Zhang, Liang Yang, Nan Yao, Yuhong Li, Yaxing Li, Haohao Tang, Li Zhang, Deguang Yang, Zhenming Yang, Xinglin Du, Zecheng Zuo

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Arabidopsis; HY2; salt stress; seed germination; proteome; DRPs

Online: 16 July 2021 (13:04:26 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0367.v1

WHO Fever Management Guidelines: Challenges in Harnessing the Benefits During Covid-19 Pandemic

Samer Singh, Dhiraj Kishore, Rakesh Singh

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Fever; Beneficial fever; Infections; WHO; Fever Management; Guidelines; Antipyretic; Mortality; Heat Shock; Inflammation; COVID-19; Respiratory diseases; Paracetamol

Online: 16 July 2021 (09:40:35 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Single Cell Cryo-soft X-ray Tomography Shows that Each Chlamydia Trachomatis Inclusion is a Unique Community of Bacteria

Patrick Phillips, James M. Parkhurst, Ilias Kounatidis, Chidinma Okolo, Thomas M. Fish, James H. Naismith, Martin A. Walsh, Maria Harkiolaki, Maud Dumoux

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Chlamydia; bacteria community; cryo-soft X-ray tomography; segmentation

Online: 16 July 2021 (08:57:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0356.v1

Virus Mimetic Poly (I:C)-Primed Airway Exosomes Enter Brain and Induce Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species in Microglia

Deimantė Kulakauskienė, Deimantė Narauskaitė, Dovydas Gečys, Otilija Juknaitė, Lina Jankauskaitė, Aistė Masaitytė, Jurgita Šventoraitienė, Hermanas Inokaitis, Zoja Miknienė, Ilona Sadauskienė, Zbigniev Balion, Ramunė Morkūnienė, Neringa Paužienė, Dainius Pauža, Aistė Jekabsone

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: airway cell exosomes; viral infection; microglia; mitochondria; reactive oxygen species

Online: 15 July 2021 (11:12:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0352.v1

Incidence, Spatial Pattern and Temporal Progress of Fusarium Wilt of Bananas

Daniel W. Heck, Miguel Dita, Emerson M. Del Ponte, Eduardo S. G. Mizubuti

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense; Panama disease; epidemiology; disease impact; loss; yield; management.

Online: 15 July 2021 (10:12:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0348.v1

Heat-tolerant Hot Pepper Exhibits Constant Photosynthesis Via Increased 4 Transpiration Rate, High Proline Content and Fast Recovery in Heat Stress 5 Condition

Sherzod Rajametov, Eun Young Yang, Myeong Cheoul Cho, Soo Young Chae, Hyo Bong Jeong, Won Byoung Chae

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: pepper; heat tolerance; photosynthesis; proline; electrical conductivity; fruit; yield

Online: 15 July 2021 (09:42:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0344.v1

Salix purpurea and Eleocharis obtusa Rhizospheres Harbor a Diverse Rhizospheric Bacterial Community Characterized by Hydrocarbons Degradation Potentials and Plant Growth-Promoting Properties

Fahad Alotaibi, Soon-Jae Lee, Marc St-Arnaud, Mohamed Hijri

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Phytoremediation; Petroleum hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria; Salix; Eleocharis; Alkanes; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria

Online: 15 July 2021 (09:27:25 CEST)

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Phytoremediation, a method of phytomanagement using the plant holobiont to clean up polluted soils, is particularly effective for degrading organic pollutants, such as alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHS). However, the respective contributions of host plants and their associated microbiota within the holobiont to the efficiency of phytoremediation is poorly understood. Identification of plant-associated bacteria capable of efficiently utilizing these compounds as carbon source while stimulating plant-growth, is a keystone for phytomanagement engineering in order to improve the efficiency of pollutant removal. In this study, we sampled the rhizosphere and the surrounding bulk soil of Salix purpurea and Eleocharis obusta from the site of a former petrochemical plant in Varennes, QC, Canada. Our objectives were to: (i) isolate and identify indigenous bacteria inhabiting these biotopes; (ii) assess the ability of isolated bacteria to utilize alkanes (dodecane and hexadecane) and PAHs (naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene) as the sole carbon source, and (iii) determine the plant growth-promoting (PGP) potential of the isolates using five key traits. A total of 438 morphologically different bacterial isolates were obtained, purified, preserved and identified through PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Identified isolates represent 62 genera, including taxa such as Acinetobacter, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Enterobacter, Nocardia, Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus, Streptomyces and Variovorax. Approximately, 32% of bacterial isolates, including Arthrobacter, Pseudomonas, Streptomyces, Enterobacter, Nocardia, Acinetobacter and Microbacterium, were able to utilize all five different hydrocarbons compounds. Additionally, 5% of tested isolates belonging to genera Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Serratia, Klebsiella, Microbacterium, Bacillus and Stenotrophomonas possessed all five of the tested PGP functional traits. This culture collection of diverse, petroleum-hydrocarbon degrading bacteria, with multiple PGP traits, represents a valuable resource for future use in environmental bio- and phyto-technology applications, including phytoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons contaminated soils and phytomanagement of anthropized areas.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0339.v1

An Updated Review Of the Invasive Aedes Albopictus in the Americas; The Minimum Infection Rate Suggests That Is More Efficient in the Vertical Than Horizontal Transmission of Arboviruses

Julian E. Garcia-Rejon, Juan-Carlos Navarro, Nohemi Cigarroa-Toledo, Carlos M. Baak-Baak

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Blood feeding; Vertebrate host; transovarial transmission; vectorial capacity.

Online: 14 July 2021 (14:46:58 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Gut Microbiota as a Source of Uremic Toxins

Vasily A Popkov, Anastasia A Zharikova, Evgenia A Demchenko, Nadezda V Andrianova, Dmitry B Zorov, Egor Y Plotnikov

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: uremia; uremic toxins; microbiome; chronic kidney disease

Online: 14 July 2021 (13:04:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0333.v1

The Tardigrade Damage Suppressor Protein Promotes Transcription Factor Activation and Expression of DNA Repair Genes in Human Cells in Response to Hydroxyl Radicals and UV-C Exposure

Claudia Ricci, Giulia Riolo, Carlotta Marzocchi, Jlenia Brunetti, Alessandro Pini, Silvia Cantara

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Dsup; tardigrade; UV-C; Oxidative stress; DNA repair; transcription factors

Online: 14 July 2021 (12:49:11 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0313.v1

Reappraisal of PRRS Control Strategies: The Way forward

Massimo Amadori, Elisabetta Razzuoli, Valeria Listorti

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Pig; PRRS; PRRS virus; immune response; disease resistance; disease control

Online: 14 July 2021 (09:40:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0311.v1

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Sucrose Nonfermenting-1-Related Protein Kinase (SnRK) Genes in Triticum aestivum in Response to Abiotic Stress

Shefali Mishra, Pradeep Sharma, Rajender Singh, ratan Tiwari, Gyanendra Pratap Singh

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Genome-wide; SnRK and abiotic stress.; wheat

Online: 13 July 2021 (15:11:54 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0307.v1

Quantitative Approaches to Study Retinal Neurogenesis

Diego Perez-Dones, Mario Ledesma-Terron, David G Míguez

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Retinogenesis; Quantiative Biology; Imaging

Online: 13 July 2021 (12:18:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0305.v1

Cytological and Molecular Characterization for Ploidy Determination in Yams (Dioscorea spp.)

Cobes Gatarira, Alžběta Němečková, Denisa Šimoníková, Rajneesh Paliwal, Asrat Asfaw, Michael Abberton, Badara Gueye, Robert Asiedu, Jana Čížková, Eva Hřibová, Jaroslav Doležel, David Dekoeyer, Victor O. Adetimirin, Ranjana Bhattacharjee

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Dioscorea spp.; flow cytometry; chromosome counting; ploidy level; DArTseq

Online: 13 July 2021 (11:29:47 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0302.v1

First Detection and Co-occurrence of kdr (F1534C and S989P) Mutations in Multiple Insecticides Resistant Aedes aegypti in Nigeria

Ifeoluwa Kayode Fagbohun, Emmanuel Taiwo Idowu, Tolulope Amos Oyeniyi, Adedapo O. Adeogun, Kemi Adesalu, Oge Nwanya, Felix Okonkwo, Yusuf Oladosu, Olubunmi Otubanjo

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Aedes aegypti; Insecticides resistance; kdr mutations; Nigeria

Online: 13 July 2021 (11:26:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0286.v1

Calcium Transport along the Axial Canal in Acropora

Yixin Li, Xin Liao, Chunpeng He, Zuhong Lu

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: axial canal; reef-building coral; high resolution micro-computed tomography; Acropora muricata; calcium transport; deposit

Online: 13 July 2021 (10:02:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0275.v1

Sequencing and Chromosome-Scale Assembly of Plant Genomes, Brassica rapa as a Use Case

Benjamin Istace, Caroline Belser, Cyril Falentin, Karine Labadie, Franz Boideau, Gwenaëlle Deniot, Loeiz Maillet, Corinne Cruaud, Laurie Bertrand, Anne-Marie Chèvre, Patrick Wincker, Mathieu Rousseau-Gueutin, Jean-Marc Aury

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Genome sequencing; de novo Assembly; Scaffolding; Chromosome-scale; Nanopore sequencing; Long reads; Optical maps; Bionano Genomics; Hi-C; Omni-C; Pore-C; Plant genomes

Online: 12 July 2021 (22:55:37 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0273.v1

Current Research on Microbe-Plastic Interactions in the Marine Environment

Mira Latva, Vinko Zadjelovic, Robyn Wright

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Plastisphere; Plastic biofilms; Microbial communities; Marine plastic pollution; Plastic biodegradation

Online: 12 July 2021 (22:12:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0239.v1

Evaluation of Probiotic and Antimicrobial Potential of Canine Derived–Lactobacilli

Guangzhi Zhang, Abdul Raheem, Jianwei Zhang, Min Yue, XinLei Yan, Mingyan Wang, Tong Qin

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Probiotics; Canine; Lactobacilli; Feed supplementation; Infectious diseases

Online: 12 July 2021 (10:13:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0194.v1

Development and Performance Evaluation of a Two-Wheel Tractor Mounted Conservation Tillage Trencher for Sugarcane

Sayed Shams Tabriz, Mohammad Abdul Awal, Mohammad Abdul kader, Mohammad Sanowar Hossen, Md. Rostom Ali, Md. Ayub Hossain

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Tillage; trencher; sugarcane plantation; energy consumption; conservation agriculture.

Online: 8 July 2021 (10:52:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0168.v1

Effects of Caudal Autotomy on the Locomotor Performance of Micrablepharus Atticolus (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae)

Naiane Arantes Silva, Gabriel Henrique O. Caetano, Pedro Henrique Campelo, Vitor Hugo Gomes Lacerda Cavalcante, Leandro Braga Godinho, Donald Bailey Miles, Henrique Monteiro Paulino, Júlio Miguel Alvarenga da Silva, Bruno Araújo de Souza, Hosmano Batista Ferreira Silva, Guarino Rinaldi Colli

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: lizard; autotomy; tail; locomotion; performance; temperature; predation

Online: 7 July 2021 (08:00:27 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0160.v1

An Evidence for a Novel Antiviral Mechanism of Teleost Fish: Serum-Derived Exosomes Inhibit Virus Replication Through Incorporating Mx1 Protein

Changjun Guo, Jian He, Zhi-Min Li, Yuanyuan Wang, Chen nan nan, Shao-Ping Weng, Jian-Guo He

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Teleost fish; Exosome; Immunity; Mx1; ISKNV

Online: 6 July 2021 (14:58:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0142.v1

Jasmonic Acid-dependent MYC Transcription Factors Bind to a Tandem G-box Motif in the YUCCA8 and YUCCA9 Promoters to Regulate Biotic Stress Responses

Marta-Marina Pérez-Alonso, Beatriz Sánchez-Parra, Paloma Ortiz-García, Estrella Santamaría, Isabel Díaz, Stephan Pollmann

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana; indole-3-acetic acid; jasmonic acid; plant hormone crosstalk; transcriptional regulation; wound response; biotic stress; growth-defense trade-off

Online: 6 July 2021 (12:20:15 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0135.v1

Epigenetics: A Key to Comprehending Biotic and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Family Poaceae

Veerala Priyanka, Neha Goel, Inderpreet Dhaliwal, Mohit Sharma, Rahul Kumar, Prashant Kaushik

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: epigenetics; epigenetic variation; chromatin changes; omics; climate-resilient crops

Online: 6 July 2021 (11:32:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0130.v1

Identification and Characterization of Arbutus Unedo L. Endophytic Bacteria Isolated From Wild and Cultivated Trees for the Biological Control of Phytophthora

João Martins, Aitana Aires, Vinicius Casais, Joana Costa, Jorge Canhoto

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Arbutus unedo; Bacillus cereus; Bacteria endophytes; Biological control; Phytophthora cinnamomi

Online: 6 July 2021 (09:42:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0123.v1

Repellent Effect of the Pandanus (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) and Neem (Azadirachta indica) Against Rice Weevil Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)

Slamet Fauzi, Sigit Prastowo

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Sitophilus oryzae; Natural insecticides; Pandanus amaryllifolius; Azadirachta indica

Online: 6 July 2021 (08:07:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0115.v1

Effect of Controlled Drainage on the Migration of Water, Nutrients, and Salts in Soil and the Yield of Oilseed Sunflower in Hetao Irrigation District

Xu Dou, Haibin Shi, Ruiping Li, Qingfeng Miao, Feng Tian, Dandan Yu, Liying Zhou, Bo Wang

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Controlled drainage; Water content; Salinity (EC); Mineral nitrogen; Nitrogen loss; Yield of oilseed sunflower

Online: 5 July 2021 (16:06:58 CEST)

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Controlled drainage (CD) is an important agricultural measure for maintaining soil moisture and nutrients, controlling groundwater level, and increasing crop yield. In arid regions, CD can be used to improve the water supply in agriculture and reduce environmental pollution. In this study, we investigated the effect of CD, including a drainage depth of 40 cm (CWT1) and 70 cm (CWT2) during the plant growth period, free drainage (FD), and open ditch drainage (OD) on the migration of water, nutrients, and salts in the soil; the dynamics of groundwater level; the loss of soil nitrogen; and the growth of oilseed sunflower plants. Compared with FD, CD increased the water and nutrient content in the soil, reduced nitrogen loss, and enhanced the ability of the soil to continuously supply nitrogen to the oilseed sunflower plants, which benefited plant growth at later growth stages and reduced environmental pollution. During the period between irrigation at the budding stage and harvest stage, the average soil water content in the 0–20 cm soil layer in CWT1 increased by 3.67%, 4.78%, and 0.55%, respectively, compared with that in CWT2, FD, and OD. The soil mineral content in CWT1 was 25.17%, 35.05%, and 17.78% higher than that in CWT2, FD, and OD, respectively, indicating that higher soil salinity occurred at the later stage of plant growth in CWT1, which actually had little effect on the plants due to their enhanced salt tolerance and increased need for water and nutrients at that stage. In addition, CD delayed the decline in groundwater level, which allowed the plants to use groundwater at later growth stages, and as a result the yield and water use efficiency were improved. CWT1 significantly increased oilseed sunflower yield by 4.52–11.14% and increased water use efficiency by 1.16–10.8%. Moreover, CWT1 also increased the survival rate of the oilseed sunflower plants by 2.62–2.92%, and the plants demonstrated good growth. Therefore, under CD conditions, plants used soil water and nitrogen more efficiently and, as a result, their productivity was increased, and the water quality was improved.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0111.v1

Metabolomics Response to Drought Stress in Morus alba L. variety Yu-711

Michael Ackah, Yisu Shi, Mengmeng Wu, Lei Wang, Guo Peng, Guo Liangliang, Jin Xin, Li Shaocong, Zhang Qiaonan, Changyu Qiu, Qiang Lin, Weiguo Zhao

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: untargeted approach; metabolites; drought stress; mulberry, LC-MS

Online: 5 July 2021 (15:47:17 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0082.v1

Nucleic Acid Sensing in the Tumor Vasculature

Adrian M. Baris, Eugenia Fraile-Bethencourt, Sudarshan Anand

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Nucleic Acid sensors; TREX1; cGAS; STING; RIG-I; Tumor angiogenesis; vascular normalization; vascular inflammation; endothelial cells; tumor microenvironment

Online: 5 July 2021 (09:31:26 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0075.v1

Accurate Epigenetic Aging in Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops Truncatus), an Essential Step in the Conservation of at-Risk Dolphins.

Ashley Barratclough, Cynthia R. Smith, Forrest M. Gomez, Theoni Photopoulou, Ryan Takeshita, Enrico Pirotta, Len Thomas, Abby M. McClain, Celeste Parry, Joseph A Zoller, Steve Horvath, Lori H Schwacke

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: DNA methylation; epigenetic aging; bottlenose dolphin; chronological age

Online: 5 July 2021 (07:59:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0043.v1

Mitogenome Phylogeny Including Data from Additional Subspecies Provides New Insights into the Historical Biogeography of the Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx

Deniz Mengüllüoğlu, Hüseyin Ambarlı, Axel Barlow, Johanna L. A. Paijmans, Ali Onur Sayar, Hasan Emir, Irfan Kandemir, Heribert Hofer, Jörns Fickel, Daniel Förster

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: mitogenome; biogeography; intraspecific variation; Caucasian lynx; Balkan lynx; Himalayan lynx; Anatolian refugium

Online: 2 July 2021 (09:27:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0020.v1

Molecular Biology and Pathological Process of an Infectious Bronchitis Virus With Enteric Tropism in Commercial Broilers

Ana Paula da Silva, Ruediger Hauck, Sabrina R.C. Nociti, Colin Kern, H.L. Shivaprasad, Huaijun Zhou, Rodrigo A. Gallardo

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: IBV; infectious bronchitis; variants; whole-genome sequencing, enteric tropism; runting-stunting syndrome

Online: 1 July 2021 (11:25:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0003.v1

Fresh Compost Tea Application Does Not Change Soil Bacterial Community Structure, and Has No Effects on Soybean Growth or Yield

Rana Bali, Jonathan Pineault, Pierre-Luc Chagnon, Mohamed Hijri

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Conventional agriculture; sustainable agriculture; compost tea; bacteria; biodiversity; Illumina MiSeq sequencing; plant growth; soybean

Online: 1 July 2021 (07:59:55 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0528.v3

Evaluation of Cup Profile for Post-harvest in Coffee Variety Castillo from Cauca Department

Andrés Felipe Solis Pino, Carlos Andres Anacona Bambague, Bibiana Montoya, Efren Venancio Ramos Cabrera

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: Fermentation; Honey production; Principal component analysis; Organoleptic characteristics; Coffea arabica

Online: 30 June 2021 (12:50:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0731.v1

Long Lasting Reversibility of the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Lilia Morales-García, Carolina Ricardez -García, Paulina Castañeda-Tamez, Natalia Chiquete-Félix, Salvador Uribe-Carvajal

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: mitochondria; physiological uncoupling; permeability transition; reversibility

Online: 30 June 2021 (11:37:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0724.v1

Pupal Cues Increase Sperm Production but Not Testis Size in an Insect

Junyan Liu, Xiong Z He, Xia-Lin Zheng, Yujing Zhang, Qiao Wang

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: sperm production; sperm competition; testes; socio-sexual environment

Online: 30 June 2021 (09:43:14 CEST)

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