Abstract: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) patients are predisposed to develop plexiform neurofibromas (PNFs). By cross comparison of RNA sequencing and RUNX1-CHIP sequencing data on mouse PNF, we found that transcript encoding the NF1 interacting p97/valosin-containing protein (VCP) gene is overexpressed in PNF. Co-immunoprecipitation confirmed that VCP bounded to neurofibromin. Western blot and immunostaining confirmed VCP protein overexpression in both mouse and human PNFs. Treatment of primary mouse PNF Schwann cells with CB-5083, a p97/VCP inhibitor, led to accumulation of poly-ubiquitinated proteins and generation of irresolvable proteotoxic stress. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of VCP reduced mouse PNF cell derived sphere number, and genetic inhibition of Vcp in Schwann cell precursors decreased tumor-like lesion numbers in a cell transplantation model. In vivo treatment with CB-5083 on the Nf1fl/fl;DhhCre PNF mouse significantly inhibited cell proliferation, increased cell apoptosis and reduced PNF volume. The combination with a MEK inhibitor did not increase efficacy compared to the single agent, supporting the hypothesis that VCP functions in parallel to, and may be modulated by, RAS–MAPK signaling under stress or oncogenic conditions. The significant effects of VCP inhibition in this pre-clinical study suggest a potential novel therapy for patients with PNFs.

Abstract: Objective: The study investigates the effects of modeling liquids (MLs) on the staining of composite resins, with a focus on unichromatic resins. Materials and methods: The research was carried out by subjecting samples of monochromatic resin (2mm height x 6mm internal diameter) to the immersion protocol in coffee solution (Nescafé Tradição Forte), with color evaluation after 21 days. Results: Statistics showed that the adhesive group presented greater color change when compared to the modeling group (p = .000). There was no statistically significant difference between water and experimental staining (= 0.104). Among the staining group factors, there was a difference for ∆E in the interactions mC-mE (p = 0.004), mC-aC (p < 0.001), mC-aE (p < 0.001), cE-aC (p = 0.015), cE-aE (p = 0.007), cC-aC (p = 0.033) and cC-aE (p = 0.017). Conclusion: These results indicate the need for further clinical studies on the applicability of modeling liquids to support decision-making in clinical practice.

Abstract:

As semi-autonomous organelles, mitochondria function through the coordinated regulation of nuclear genomes and their own genetic material, primarily providing energy for eukaryotic organisms. Currently, high-throughput sequencing technologies have been used to resolve the mitochondrial genomes of various edible fungi. With advances in sequencing technology, species genome characterization has evolved from single genomes to pan-genomes. However, the application of pan-genomes for the analysis of edible mushroom mitochondrial genomes remains unexplored. In this study, we conducted a comparative mitochondrial genome analysis of 31 Hypsizygus marmoreus strains (4 newly sequenced monotypes and 27 public datasets). The results revealed that the mitochondrial genome sizes ranged from 98,284 to 111,087 bp, exhibiting significant structural diversity. This variation is primarily driven by dynamic changes in non-coding regions, particularly intronic polymorphisms in the cox1 gene. This study revealed that tRNA secondary structures exhibit atypical globular and elongated conformations alongside copy number variations. Additionally, codon usage showed a pronounced A/T bias, whereas core respiratory chain genes demonstrated an evolutionary pattern of strong purifying selection. Furthermore, the 31 mitochondrial genomes of H. marmoreus were identified 8 gene rearrangement patterns and 5 genetic clusters, and the pan-genome (220,364 bp, 217 nodes) captured abundant SNPs, InDels and structural variations. This study provides breeding-relevant genetic markers and a genomic framework for germplasm classification, genetic improvement and stress-resilient variety molecular breeding of Hypsizygus marmoreus.

Abstract: Purpose: To investigate the short-term impact of scleral lens wear on intraocular pressure (IOP) and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL). Methods: This prospective study included 31 healthy participants aged 26 ± 3 years who were randomly fitted with a 16.5 mm scleral lens over one eye and a soft contact lens on the other eye. IOP and RNFL thickness were examined at baseline in the morning and following 8 hours of scleral and soft contact lens wear in the evening. Two tonometers (a transpalpebral Diaton and a non-contact tonometer) were used to measure IOP. Measurements of IOP and RNFL were taken under four different conditions: pre- and post-lens application, and pre- and post-lens removal. Results: Eyes fitted with a scleral lens exhibited a significant increase in IOP (pre-application: 11± 3 mmHg vs. post-application: 16 ± 4 mmHg, P < 0.001) immediately after scleral lens application, and the increase in pressure was sustained throughout the 8 hours of lens wear (pre-removal IOP: 16 ± 4 mmHg). IOP returned to baseline after scleral lens removal (11 ± 3 mmHg). Eyes fitted with soft contact lenses did not show significant IOP changes under any condition (P >0.05). Eyes with a scleral lens also showed a small but significant thinning of peripapillary RNFL (pre-application: 110 ± 11 µm vs. post-application: 107 ± 11 µm, P < 0.001) after 8 hours of lens wear, which was not significant with soft contact lens wear (P > 0.05). IOP data obtained from Diaton showed poor within-participant variation and poor agreement compared to IOP data from the non-contact tonometer. Conclusion: This study suggests that short-term scleral lens wear may significantly raise IOP and cause transient peripapillary RNFL thinning, which returns to baseline immediately following lens removal. Monitoring IOP and RNFL is recommended for scleral lens wearers, with future research needed to assess the long-term effects.

Abstract: The urban trade in non-timber forest products (NTFPs) plays a crucial role in the resil-ience of populations in the Global South while exerting increasing pressure on ecosys-tems. This study analyses the dynamics of these resources in Kolwezi (DR Congo), a rapidly expanding mining city where data on these value chains remain fragmented. The methodological approach is based on interviews conducted with 35 vendors in two main urban markets and 384 users across different city neighbourhoods to char-acterize the diversity, socio-economic importance, and perceived factors responsible for the decline in NTFP availability. The results reveal a high level of biocultural diver-sity, with 65 species recorded (49 plant, 14 animal, and 2 fungal), closely linked to miombo ecosystems. Medicinal (59.3%) and food (29.4%) uses predominate, repre-sented by multifunctional species such as Bobgunnia madagascariensis, Canarium schweinfurthii, Terminalia mollis, Gardenia ternifolia, and Albizia antunesiana. From a so-cio-economic perspective, the NTFP trade is a permanent activity and a key livelihood pillar, largely carried out by women (79.1%). Monthly gross incomes, ranging from USD 9 to 429.3, depend primarily on the volumes sold. However, the sector is weak-ened by logistical constraints and a decline in resource availability in urban markets. Respondents mainly attribute this scarcity to deforestation, mining expansion, overex-ploitation, and climate change. Ensuring the sector’s sustainability requires integrated strategies, including the domestication of priority species, improved organization of stakeholders, and restoration of miombo landscapes, to reconcile the maintenance of socio-economic benefits with the conservation of natural ecosystems.

Abstract: Gaze analysis often relies on hypothesized, subjectively defined ROIs or heatmaps: ROIs enable condition comparisons but reduce objectivity and exploration, while heatmaps avoid this, they require many pixel-wise comparisons, making differences hard to detect. Here, we propose an advanced data driven approach for analysing gaze behaviour. We use DNNs to classify conditions from gaze patterns, paired with reverse correlation to show where and how gaze differs between conditions. We test our approach on data from an experiment investigating the effects of object specific sound (e.g. church bell ringing) on gaze allocation. ROI-based analysis shows a significant difference between conditions (congruent sound, no sound, phase scrambled sound and pink noise) with more gaze allocation on sound associated objects in the congruent sound condition, however, as expected significance depends on the definition of the ROIs. Heatmaps show some not very clear qualitative differences, but none are significant after correcting for pixelwise comparisons. Our approach shows that sound alters gaze allocation in some scenes, revealing task-specific, non-trivial strategies: fixations are not always drawn to the sound source but shift away from salient features, sometime falling between salient features and the sound source. Overall, the method is objective, data-driven, and enables clear condition comparisons.

Abstract:

The oil of the Zingiber zerumbet has been gaining traction amongst the researchers due to its phytochemical benefits mainly zerumbone. Due to the presence of a complex mixture of terpenoids in the oil, recrystallization is an effective method to obtain the active compound, zerumbone. Objective: This study was to optimized the recrystallization via decanting with hexane and evaporation method to produce the most yield that contain purified zerumbone crystals. Materials and methods: Ground dried and intact dried Zingiber zerumbet were compared to determine the highest yield of zerumbone crystals. A yield comparison between ground and intact dried Zingiber zerumbet was carried out through 6 hours of hydrodistillation followed by decanting with hexane. HPLC qualitative analysis was done on the purity of zerumbone crystals from ground and intact material respectively at wavelength 280nm. Results: After 6 hours of hydrodistillation, intact dried crude plant material produced 0.29%^w/w more zerumbone crystals than the ground dried Zingiber zerumbet. HPLC qualitative analysis done on the purity of zerumbone crystals from ground dried and intact plant material were 98.51% and 99.68% respectively at wavelength 280nm. Discussion: A yield comparison between ground and intact dried Zingiber zerumbet that was carried out through hydrodistillation, exhibited significant difference (p<0.05). The low yield of oil from the ground crude plant material, which in turn produced lesser zerumbone crystals can be contributed to the heat emanated by the blades of the grinder resulting in melted oil from the compound sticking to the surface of the grinder. It is also lamented that only 1% of the energy transmitted to the grinder is used for size reduction, the balance of the energy is converted into heat. Also, the colour of the compound from traditional grinding also intensified due to the heated compound. Besides that, the method of recrystallization that produced a higher yield of zerumbone crystals can be performed for future research. Conclusion: Intact dried Zingiber zerumbet produced higher yield of zerumbone crystals through an improved method of recrystallization.

Abstract: Radiotherapy is an essential component of breast cancer management; however, interpatient variability in radiation-induced normal tissue toxicity remains a significant clinical challenge. The identification of minimally invasive biomarkers capable of predicting susceptibility to radiotoxicity could facilitate personalized treatment strategies. Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) are stable in circulation and play key roles in cellular stress and inflammatory responses, making them attractive biomarker candidates. In this study, plasma-derived exosomal miRNA profiles were analyzed in breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant radiotherapy and stratified according to the severity and timing of normal tissue toxicity. Exosomes were isolated using a combined size-exclusion chromatography and precipitation approach and characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis and protein marker expression. Differential miRNA expression was assessed using quantitative PCR following normalization with stably expressed endogenous controls. Two exosomal miRNAs were associated with increased susceptibility to radiotherapy-induced toxicity. MiR-222-3p was significantly upregulated in patients who developed acute high-grade toxicity, while miR-144-5p was increased in both acute and late high-toxicity groups. Additionally, miR-200a-3p and miR-335-3p were enriched in patients exhibiting minimal or no toxicity. These findings identify exosomal miRNAs with potential utility as biomarkers of radiation-induced normal tissue toxicity and support further investigation into their mechanistic roles and clinical applicability in personalized radiotherapy.

Abstract: Background: Frailty is a multifactorial condition that significantly impacts older adults' health and independence, which can be mitigated through training. This study examined the effects of a 12-week progressive strength training (PST) program on frailty status and short-term autonomic compensatory responses during postural transitions. Methods: Eight older adults (60-79 years) classified as pre-frail or frail according to the frailty index (FI) participated in a 12-week PST program. Time and frequency-domain heart rate variability (HRV) in the supine position, cardiac parasympathetic modulation (CPM) determined from the HR 30:15 ratio (longest RR interval around the 30th heartbeat divided by the shortest RR interval around the 15th heartbeat after standing), and cardiac baroreceptor gain (CBG) assessed as the ratio of heart rate change to systolic blood pressure drop (ΔHR/ΔSBP) at 30, 60, 180, and 420 seconds after standing were assessed at pre-test, 8 weeks and 12 weeks (autonomic function outcomes). Physical activity levels (PAL), handgrip strength (HGS), and gait speed (GS) were assessed, and orthostatic intolerance (OI) symptoms were self-reported at pre-test, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks. Results: After 12 weeks of PST, FI scores decreased from 0.18 to 0.04 (78% reduction). PAL, HGS, and GS improved by 152%, 13%, and 11%, respectively. Three of eight participants reported OI symptoms at pre-test, with no reported symptoms at week 12. Despite this, PST did not enhance short-term autonomic responses. Conclusion: PST counteracted frailty and improved physical and muscular function but did not enhance indices of short-term autonomic regulation in frail older people.

Abstract: The MiT/TFE family transcription factors play a critical role in regulating lysosomal biogenesis, autophagy, mitochondrial turnover and lipid catabolism by regulating the CLEAR gene network. The dysregulation of MiT/TFE activity has been implicated in the onset and progression of cancer and neurodegeneration but its functions in asso-ciation with pulmonary diseases remain poorly understood. Thus, elucidating the role of MiT/TFE proteins in cellular homeostasis in the lung is crucial for understanding the origin and progression of pulmonary diseases such as inflammation, disrupted repair mechanisms, and fibrosis. In this review we systematically summarize the findings from human pulmonary diseases and associated genetic disorders, such as asthma, cancer, Birt-Hogg-Dube (BHD) syndrome, and lung injury models that implicate MiT/TFE dysregulation in pathogenic progression. We also discussed MiT/TFE regula-tion and signaling through pathways involving mTORC1, AMPK, and lysosomal stress in different cellular contexts. Finally, we discussed significant mechanistic gaps, such as the absence of in vivo models targeting the combined activity of TFEB and TFE3 in disease progression and prevention. In conclusion, these insights seek to offer a com-prehensive framework for understanding MiT/TFE signaling in human lung diseases and could present a promising opportunity for directing future mechanistic and translational research.

Abstract: Accurate quantification of spatial distances between fluorescent signals in multi-channel 3D microscopy is essential for understanding genomic organization and gene regulation. However, chromatic aberration introduces systematic spatial offsets between channels that significantly bias distance measurements, particularly at short genomic distances. We present FISH-Dist, an automated computational pipeline for precise distance measurements in 3D fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) experiments acquired on standard confocal microscopes. Our method combines deep learning-based spot segmentation, 3D Gaussian fitting for sub-pixel localization, and two complementary chromatic aberration correction approaches, affine (ACC) and linear (LCC). We validated measurement accuracy using DNA origami nanorulers and systematically evaluated FISH probe design parameters, including probe spacing, density, and target sequence length. The pipeline achieves sub-pixel accuracy in signal detection and substantially reduces inter-channel distance measurement errors. This enables robust quantification of spatial relationships in 3D FISH datasets. Unlike existing tools optimized for long-range chromosomal interactions or requiring super-resolution microscopy, FISH-Dist specifically addresses the technical challenges of standard confocal imaging at short genomic distances, where chromatic aberration has a proportionally greater impact on measurement accuracy.

Abstract: Teaching human anatomy represents a significant challenge in health education, given the complexity and breadth of its content. Active methodologies, such as the Problematization Methodology (PM) based on Maguerez's Arc, have proven to be effective strategies for promoting meaningful learning. However, there is still a gap in its effectiveness in the practical classes of this curricular component. Thus, this study aimed to analyze students' perceptions of the teaching-learning process in practical classes of Systemic Anatomy, with the application of PM, in the Physiotherapy course at a public state university of Pernambuco, Brazil. This is a qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory study conducted with 16 first-semester students, based on a guiding question applied at the end of the academic semester. Data analysis was performed based on content analysis, from which six thematic categories emerged. The findings showed that the PM contributed to student engagement, the integration of theory and practice, the development of critical and reflective thinking, and the consolidation of more autonomous learning. However, difficulties were reported, such as fatigue due to the workload, adaptation to the method, and organizational challenges. Thus, it can be inferred that the PM has significant educational potential in the practical teaching of Systemic Anatomy, provided it is applied under appropriate structural and pedagogical conditions, representing a strategy that promotes the critical and reflective training of future health professionals.

Abstract: Modern statistical and machine-learning techniques are effective at describing, testing hypotheses and making predictions from complex data. This effectiveness is strongly influenced by the volume and heterogeneity of available data. In many fields, including much of biomedicine, large centralized datasets are not available because of cost, privacy, regulatory or other restrictions. In these cases, smaller datasets are distributed across a large number of independent sites. Medical record data is a classic example of this challenge: the total number of patients may be large, but their records are distributed across many health systems and cannot easily be centralized. Federated learning (FL) is a machine learning paradigm that enables training and validation of a shared model in settings of decentralized data. FL can improve model accuracy and generalizability by increasing sample-size, but has trade-offs ranging from operational complexity to data-privacy risks to the potential to introduce unexpected imbalances in model accuracy. We outline ten tips for successfully and sustainably implementing FL for Biomedical applications, ensuring both ethical data governance and improved model performance in sensitive domains.

Abstract: Portable ECG devices enable frequent, real-world cardiac monitoring, yet the longitudinal behavior of modern ECG foundation model representations derived from such data remains poorly characterized. In this work, we present a 20-day longitudinal case study examining the temporal stability and individual specificity of ECG representations obtained from a pretrained foundation model applied to consumer-grade six-lead ECG recordings. Daily resting ECGs were collected from two healthy adults using a portable device. For each recording, both latent embedding vectors and task-level probability outputs produced by the model were analyzed. Principal component analysis revealed clear subject-specific clustering in both representation spaces. Temporal drift analysis demonstrated that intra-subject variability remained consistently smaller than inter-subject separation over time. A nearest-centroid distance-margin analysis further showed robust subject-specific separability without classifier training. Together, these results indicate that ECG foundation model representations derived from portable recordings are stable over time and encode persistent individual characteristics, supporting their potential utility for longitudinal and personalized ECG analysis.

Abstract: Epithelial ovarian cancer is predominantly characterized by peritoneal dissemination, providing a strong biological rationale for intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy. Although IP cisplatin-based regimens have demonstrated substantial survival benefits in pivotal randomized trials, toxicity and catheter-related complications limit their widespread adoption. IP carboplatin has emerged as a pragmatic alternative with improved tolerability while preserving its pharmacokinetic advantages. This review summarizes the biological and pharmacological rationale for IP carboplatin and critically examines the clinical evidence, with a particular emphasis on the Intraperitoneal Carboplatin for Ovarian Cancer (iPocc) trial and its divergence from Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG)-252. We further discuss the potential applicability of IP carboplatin beyond the traditional setting of minimal residual disease, including patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy and interval debulking surgery, as well as its possible use in the contemporary era of maintenance therapy. Collectively, the accumulated evidence supports renewed consideration of IP carboplatin as a versatile component in modern ovarian cancer management.

Abstract: The rapid expansion of high-throughput sequencing technologies and the completion of telomere-to-telomere (T2T) assemblies have transformed genomics into a data-driven discipline, shifting the research focus from data generation to large-scale computational discovery. This literature review synthesizes foundational and emergent pathways in bioinformatics, genomics, and their integration into health applications. We examine the critical role of genomic reproducibility and benchmarking in establishing clinical trust, alongside mathematical models for comparative genomics, such as the Double-Cut-and-Join (DCJ) distance. A significant portion of this review is dedicated to methodological shifts in representation learning, specifically evaluating the impact of Byte-Pair Encoding (BPE) tokenization on genomic language models and the dominance of repetitive elements in sequence vocabularies. Furthermore, we explore the evolution of deep learning architectures, contrasting traditional convolutional and recurrent neural networks with recent advancements in State Space Models (SSMs). These emergent architectures, such as Caduceus and Mamba, demonstrate linear-time complexity and superior performance in capturing long-range regulatory dependencies across ultra-long genomic sequences. Finally, we discuss how these computational innovations converge to support the goals of precision medicine. By mapping these trajectories, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the technical and theoretical challenges inherent in modeling the complexity of the human genome for clinical and biological insights.

Abstract: Food insecurity remains a persistent challenge in South Africa, particularly in rural and township communities constrained by limited resources and environmental degradation. This qualitative study explores the potential of conservation agriculture (CA) as a sustainable farming method to enhance food security among small- to medium-scale farmers within the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality in the Eastern Cape. Through purposive and snowball sampling, interviews were conducted with CA practitioners to understand their practices, motivations, and perceptions. Thematic analysis revealed diverse adoption patterns, ranging from full implementation to selective integration of CA principles, influenced by contextual, economic, and knowledge-based factors. Participants highlighted CA's role in restoring soil health, reducing dependence on agrochemicals, and fostering long-term resilience against climate variability. However, the high initial costs, delayed yield improvements, and limited institutional support emerged as significant barriers. The study underscores the importance of a multi-stakeholder approach, including government, NGOs, academia, and the private sector, to foster wider adoption of CA. Such collaboration should prioritize tailored support mechanisms, knowledge-sharing platforms, and enabling policies that center on resource-constrained farmers, particularly women and youth. Ultimately, CA presents a viable pathway to achieving both environmental sustainability and household-level food security in vulnerable communities.

Abstract: Genetically encoded biosensors represent a cutting-edge class of biosensors due to real-time monitoring and programmability in living cell. However, the development of eukaryotic genetically encoded biosensors for new analytes is constrained by the shortage of signal–receptor pairs. Bacterial biosensors have been transferred to eukaryote to expand the signal detection space, having achieved remarkable success. However, due to the significant differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic gene expression systems, optimizing bacterial biosensors has proven challenging. Successful cases indicate that developing orthogonal signal–receptor pairs directly from eukaryotic systems may offer a viable solution. Indeed, the potential of filamentous fungi—a highly diverse group of organisms that share conserved as well as specific signaling and metabolic pathways with yeast or mammalian cells—has been largely overlooked in biosensor development. In this review, we systematically examine sensing systems in filamentous fungi and summarize their signal recognition receptors, signal transduction pathways，responsive transcription factors and describe potential mining strategies for sensing elements from filamentous fungi.

Abstract: Background/Objectives: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, of which the myocardial Infarction is the most prevalent. However, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain incompletely understood, but are tightly regulated by several cellular mechanisms, including long-non-coding. This study aimed to determine if MEG3 and ATF4 are involved in this pathology. Methods: A cross-section study was conducted at the Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, patients with first time diagnosis STEMI and hemodynamic stability were categorized into with and without major adverse cardiovascular events, the most important clinical and biochemical parameters were collected, which were analyzed and subsequently correlated with MEG3 and ATF4. Results: Forty-two patients with a median age of 54 years (86% men) were included and classified with and without MACE. The expression of MEG3 in MACE group and No MACE (0.8974, 0.4186–1.4131 vs. 1.2259, 0.5516–2.3964; p = 0.0342), and ATF4 in MACE group and No MACE (2.8950, 0.7559–4.3287 vs. 2.3498, 1.0821–3.6903; p = 0.0396), ROC curve MEG3 showed an AUC of 0.6490 (0.4760 to 0.8221; p = 0.0924), in contrast ATF4 demonstrated an AUC of 0.7127 (0.5862 to 0.8393; p = 0.0107). Finally, correlation analyses revealed MEG3 was associated with CK-MB (r = 0.3978, 0.0630 to 0.6520; p = 0.0219), and ATF4 was correlated cTnT (r = 0.3328, 0.0284 to 0.5810; p = 0.0335) and with LVEF (r = –0.4283, –0.6503 to –0.1390; p = 0.0052). Conclusions: The dysregulation of MEG3 and transcription factor ATF4 are involved in pathophysiological mechanisms.

Abstract: This study investigated whether ambient biogenic volatile organic compounds (bVOCs) scent profiles emitted by botanic glasshouse vegetation influence quantifiable human health and wellbeing outcomes, extending evidence previously obtained in clinical settings. Over 11 months in 2024 (January–December), human participant trials were conducted at the Oxford Botanic Garden to compare the physiological and psychological impacts of 30-minute exposures in five different vegetation-rich glasshouses, each characterised by a distinct and complex bVOCs profile, with those of a plant-free control room containing minimal bVOCs. Pre- and post-intervention assessments were conducted on 43 participants using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), heart-beat rate (beats per minute), and heart rate variability (HRV), a widely used index of autonomic regulation. Glasshouse exposure produced significant reductions in STAI anxiety scores and decreases in heart-beat rate, while HRV indices remained stable relative to the control condition. Distinct scent profiles in the glasshouses included volatiles previously associated with therapeutic effects in clinical settings, suggesting that such vegetated environments may deliver meaningful physiological and psychological benefits. Overall, these findings highlight the potential public health value of aromatic plant species and the importance of incorporating them into urban green space planning and policy.