Abstract: The evolving landscape of modern sports demands a scientific and systematic approach to athlete development, emphasizing bio-motor abilities, physiological systems, and psychological well-being. This document explores the critical components of sports training, including general and sport-specific physical fitness, bio-motor abilities (strength, speed, endurance, flexibility, agility, and coordination), and the role of cardiovascular and respiratory systems in optimizing athletic performance. It highlights the significance of periodized training programs tailored to athletes' specific needs, incorporating scientific principles and modern methodologies. Additionally, the integration of yoga and meditation, particularly through practices like Ashtanga yoga and breath-focused meditation, is examined for their potential to enhance physical, physiological, and psychological variables. Despite extensive research on individual motor abilities and training methods, a gap exists in studies comprehensively analyzing the combined effects of bio-motor training and meditation. This study proposes to address this gap by investigating how integrated training approaches impact athletic performance, offering insights for coaches and athletes aiming to achieve peak performance.

Abstract: Hypertension is a major public health concern globally, with varying prevalence and risk factors across different populations. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of hypertension and identify its associated determinants among adults in Hawtat Bani Tamim Province. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 384 adult participants. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and clinical measurements were collected. Hypertension was diagnosed based on standard criteria. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with hypertension, and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. The overall prevalence of hypertension among the participants was 25.5%, with a higher rate observed in urban areas (15%) compared to rural areas (10.4%). Multivariate analysis revealed that age was significantly associated with hypertension, with participants aged 20–30 years (OR=0.181, 95% CI: 0.067–0.485), 31–40 years (OR=0.235, 95% CI: 0.092–0.599), 41–50 years (OR=0.184, 95% CI: 0.067–0.510), and 51–60 years (OR=0.268, 95% CI: 0.104–0.690) having lower odds compared to those over 60 years. Males had a lower risk than females (OR=0.423, 95% CI: 0.192–0.932). Lower educational attainment was also associated with reduced odds of hypertension (secondary or less: OR=0.315, 95% CI: 0.118–0.844; bachelor’s degree: OR=0.294, 95% CI: 0.127–0.679) compared to postgraduates. Regarding BMI, normal weight (OR=0.262, 95% CI: 0.126–0.544) and overweight (OR=0.421, 95% CI: 0.220–0.805) individuals had lower odds of hypertension compared to obese participants. Marital status was a significant determinant, with married individuals having higher odds of hypertension (OR=3.222, 95% CI: 1.807–6.110). Smoking was associated with a lower risk of hypertension (OR=0.181, 95% CI: 0.067–0.485). Hypertension is prevalent among adults in Hawtat Bani Tamim Province, with significant associations observed for age, gender, education, BMI, marital status, and smoking. Targeted interventions addressing these risk factors are recommended to reduce the burden of hypertension in this population

Abstract: The rapid advancement of genetic editing technologies, such as CRISPR-Cas9, has introduced unprecedented opportunities and challenges within professional sports. This study aims to systematically evaluate the legal and ethical implications associated with the application of gene editing among elite athletes. Employing a mixed-methods design, we conducted a comprehensive survey of 312 stakeholders-including athletes, coaches, legal experts, and ethicists-across five continents. Advanced statistical analyses, including Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Multivariate Logistic Regression, were utilized to identify significant predictors of legal risk perception and ethical concern. Results reveal a pronounced divergence in stakeholder attitudes: while 68% of legal professionals emphasize regulatory gaps, 74% of athletes express uncertainty regarding long-term health consequences. The SEM model demonstrated that perceived fairness (β=0.41, p<0.001) and regulatory clarity (β=0.36, p<0.001) are the strongest predictors of overall acceptance. These findings underscore the urgent need for robust international frameworks to address the multifaceted risks of gene editing in sports and highlight the importance of transparent policy-making. Our research provides actionable insights for regulators, sports organizations, and bioethics committees to anticipate and manage the evolving landscape of genetic technologies in athletics.

Abstract: The repeated advancements of artificial intelligence provide a new angle for us to reengage the old mind-machine problem. This paper claims the artificial intelligence has two eigenstates: mind and machine. The other AI states are supposition of the two eigenstates. This paper formulates a four-stage model toward AI-dynamics; each stage is characterized by a different Riemann surface or sphere. Stage 1: Shannon Information and Riemann Surface of Logarithmic function. Stage 2: Complex Mapping and Möbius Transformation. Stage 3: Merging Mind and Machine into a Riemann Sphere. Stage 4: Riemann Sphere of Two-State Systems toward AI-Dynamics.

Abstract: This single case study examines the implementation of a co-designed fifth-grade science unit enhanced by using Virtual Reality (VR) and integrating translingual and transmodal scaffolding strategies to support students’ participation and quality of talk during scientific sensemaking. The co-designed science unit covers physical and chemical changes as part of the fifth-grade science curriculum. The research involves a fifth-grade science teacher and her class of 22 students comprised of multilingual learners (ML) and English monolingual learners (EML). This study examines the learning experience of 3 student pairs grouped as ML-ML, EML-ML, and EML-EML. Using content analysis, we analyzed 911 minutes of video data on the six students’ learning in this unit. The results indicate that when the teacher used translingual and transmodal scaffolding strategies introduced during the co-design process, equal participation across MLs and EMLs was observed. The VR pair programming worked well for student pairs in increasing active participation regardless of the pairing, although active participation did not necessarily lead to high quality science talk. Findings of this study provide implications and recommenda-tions for leveraging the scaffolding from teachers, materials, and VR pair programing activity to support the equal participation and quality of talk among all learners during scientific sense-making.

Abstract: This paper explores a multifaceted approach to enhancing performance in jumping events, focusing on training methodologies, recovery strategies, and mental health support for athletes. Plyometric jump training (PJT), resistance training, and individualized force-velocity profiling are highlighted as key methods for improving jump height, strength, and power output. Recovery strategies, including short recovery periods, tapering, and multimodal techniques like compression garments and nutrition, are examined for their role in sustaining peak performance. The paper also underscores the critical interplay between mental health and athletic performance, emphasizing the integration of sports psychology and psychiatry to address stressors, enhance resilience, and support recovery. Nutritional strategies, particularly the timing and composition of macronutrient intake, are discussed for their impact on energy recovery and sleep quality. Special considerations for young athletes, such as growth, maturation, and sport-specific somatotypes, are also addressed. By integrating these elements, the paper provides a comprehensive framework for optimizing jumping performance while minimizing injury risks and promoting long-term athlete well-being.

Abstract: This research synthesizes current empirical evidence on immersive learning approaches through both a meta-analysis of 42 experimental studies (2010-2024) and original data from three case implementations across different educational contexts. Drawing on cognitive science principles including situated cognition, cognitive apprenticeship, and productive failure, the study examines how immersive learning environments create "thick authenticity" by connecting real-world contexts, personal interests, disciplinary practices, and authentic assessment. The analysis addresses the "authenticity dilemma"—balancing complex, authentic challenges with appropriate instructional scaffolding—while critically examining implementation challenges, individual differences that moderate effectiveness, and potential drawbacks. Quantitative results indicate moderate positive effects on knowledge acquisition (g = 0.38, 95% CI [0.31, 0.45]) and stronger effects on transfer (g = 0.61, 95% CI [0.52, 0.70]) and motivation (g = 0.67, 95% CI [0.58, 0.76]), though with significant heterogeneity across designs and implementations. Qualitative data from the case studies reveal that implementation quality, particularly the balance between authenticity and scaffolding, significantly mediates effectiveness. This mixed-methods investigation demonstrates that well-designed immersive learning can develop transferable knowledge, professional identity, and intrinsic motivation, while clarifying boundary conditions and implementation requirements for maximum impact.

Abstract: Math anxiety is a widespread phenomenon that negatively affects students’ motivation and achievement. While previous studies have shown that cognitive activation—instructional strategies that promote deep reasoning and metacognitive reflection—can reduce math anxiety, few have examined the possibility of nonlinear effects or the roles of socioeconomic status (SES) and self-efficacy as moderators. This study investigated the curvilinear relationship between cognitive activation and math anxiety and the interactions with student and school SES revealed compensatory patterns, using data from 5,760 students in Japan from the PISA 2022 dataset. Multilevel regression analyses revealed that cognitive activation for encouraging mathematical thinking was initially associated with reduced math anxiety, but the effect plateaued at higher levels. Cognitive activation for fostering reasoning showed a negligible curvilinear relationship. Moreover, student and school SES showed patterns suggesting that cognitive activation may serve as a compensatory strategy, particularly for students in low-SES contexts. Math self-efficacy, contrary to expectations, did not moderate the relationship. These findings underscore the importance of promoting cognitively activating instruction that supports deep mathematical thinking, especially for students with limited educational resources.

Abstract: Despite Greece’s historical and geographical significance in the Mediterranean, there is currently no national digital repository offering systematic access to Arabic chronicles, diplomatic letters, and travelogues from the eighth to sixteenth centuries. This absence critically impedes rigorous Arabological and Islamological research within Greek academia and restricts the educational landscape to predominantly Eurocentric perspectives. The Hellenic Digital Library of Arabic Historical Sources (HDB-AHS) is proposed as a targeted solution, presenting a trilingual (Greek–English–Arabic) digital platform designed to aggregate, preserve, and openly disseminate these vital sources. The article outlines a six-phase implementation plan combining IIIF, TEI-XML, FAIR/CARE principles, and open licensing with a robust rights-clearance framework for modern copyrights and sensitive materials. Beyond academic benefits, the project aspires to act as a meeting point of cultures—offering concrete tools for building bridges, combating intolerance, and fostering intercultural understanding. In a world that is rapidly changing, the creation of such an inclusive and responsibly curated digital resource is vital not only for advancing research but also for supporting dialogue and mutual respect across societies. HDB-AHS provides a blueprint for similar initiatives in underrepresented fields.

Abstract: This study examines Ethiopia’s road quality in general and digital development in particular, with an emphasis on how infrastructure development and digital logistics are integrated into the agriculture industry. Although the quality of roads and other transportation and logistics infrastructures is crucial for the nation's overall growth, little is known about their many aspects in the context of Ethiopia. Similarly, while digital technologies are reshaping supply chains globally, their implementation in low-income, agriculture-dependent economies remains underexplored. To address these gaps, the research employs descriptive analysis to examine the quality of roads across various dimensions. The study also utilizes principal component analysis to construct a digital development index and uses ordinary least squares (OLS) estimation of a linear regression model to identify its key determinants. The results show that roads, railroads, and ports are undeveloped because their quality falls short of the global standard. At the same time, air travel is a strategic and exceptional mode of transportation compared to other modes of transportation. The findings further indicate that access to electricity, mobile cellular subscriptions, and trade in ICT goods have a positive influence on digital progress, while fixed telephone usage and reliance on renewable energy act as constraints. Empirical evidence also suggests that the agricultural sector in Ethiopia is gradually adopting digital tools, including e-marketing, advisory platforms, and mobile finance services. However, gaps in infrastructure and institutional coordination continue to hinder large-scale implementation. The study contributes a dual-layered perspective that integrates quantitative modeling with contextual analysis, offering policy-relevant insights into digital transformation strategies and infrastructure development for emerging economies.

Abstract: This paper explores the biomechanical and physiological underpinnings of human movement, with a specific focus on running and jumping as fundamental locomotor activities. These activities, integral to both daily life and competitive sports, have been studied extensively to understand their mechanics, utility, and performance variations. Drawing on historical and modern perspectives, the paper examines classifications of human movement, the evolution of biomechanics as a distinct field, and its application in enhancing athletic performance and reducing injury risk. Key insights from gait analysis, sprinting biomechanics, and the role of technology, such as motion capture systems and force platforms, are discussed. The study also highlights the interdisciplinary nature of movement science, integrating fields like sports psychology, physiology, and anthropometry. By analyzing the mechanics of running and jumping, this paper underscores their significance in physical education, competitive sports, and everyday locomotion, offering a foundation for further research into optimizing human movement.

Abstract: Physical education (PE) teachers in schools play a critical role in managing sports activities and ensuring student safety. However, they face significant legal challenges related to negligence and liability when sports injuries occur among students. This study addresses the pressing legal issues confronting PE teachers in Iranian schools, emphasizing the necessity of a comprehensive legal framework to guide their responsibilities and prevent injuries. The main objective is to analyze the legal challenges faced by PE teachers in managing student sports injuries and to propose preventive legal strategies. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research combines qualitative legal analysis with quantitative surveys of PE teachers’ knowledge and experiences regarding legal liability. Statistical analysis, including t-tests, was used to assess the correlation between teachers’ legal awareness and injury incidence rates. The findings reveal that insufficient legal training and unclear regulations significantly increase teachers’ vulnerability to negligence claims. Moreover, the lack of standardized preventive protocols contributes to higher injury rates. The study concludes that enhancing legal education for PE teachers and establishing clear preventive guidelines are essential to reduce legal risks and improve student safety. The novelty of this research lies in its integrated legal and practical approach, combining jurisprudential analysis with empirical data from the Iranian school context, an area previously underexplored. This work offers actionable recommendations for policymakers to develop targeted legal frameworks and training programs, ultimately fostering a safer sports environment in schools.

Abstract: This paper presents the design and conceptual development of an innovative Condominium Intercom Push-Button Panel (CIP-BP) aimed at enhancing behavioral cooperation, digital governance, and infrastructural inclusivity within shared residential environments. Drawing upon John C.H. Watkins’ theory of reinforcement learning and game theory principles, the proposed system embeds a scoring mechanism—based on resident interactions and delayed rewards—that incentivizes desirable behaviors such as courteous communication, energy-conscious door usage, and community participation. The interface integrates neuromorphic engineering principles to enable adaptive decision-making, aligning the panel's behavior with evolving user patterns and environmental constraints. Grounded in systems thinking, the device promotes self-regulation and social transparency through real-time feedback mechanisms and prioritization schemes, particularly attentive to vulnerable users such as the elderly. The research further anchors the panel’s design in empirical findings from a two-round household survey conducted in a Sicilian condominium, which explored patterns of social capital, trust in governance, and resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. A Venn-based interoperability schema and a modular action framework illustrate the system’s integration across behavioral, technical, and institutional domains. Finally, the study proposes a Digital Twin (DT) environment and Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) implementation to simulate resident interactions, optimize feedback protocols, and support the co-design of interoperable smart-living infrastructures in alignment with sustainable development goals (SDGs).

Abstract: This research examines the ongoing challenge of depopulation in rural areas, focusing on the municipality of Buenavista del Norte in the Canary Islands. Depopulation signif-icantly impacts the social and economic viability of small rural municipalities, exacer-bating marginalization and isolation. The study highlights the role of governance and local community participation in reversing this trend. The research identifies key pro-jects and resources that could foster local development using qualitative methods, such as interviews with public representatives, key strategic sector informants, and partici-patory group dynamics. A core focus is placed on the integration of tourism, particularly wine tourism, as a tool for economic diversification and combating rural decline. De-spite the Canary Islands’ status as a mature tourist destination, rural areas have not equally benefited, with some experiencing stagnation. The study explores opportunities for public-private collaboration and community-based innovation to address territorial imbalances. The participatory approach involves key actors from various sectors, facil-itating a collaborative process to identify viable projects. This research underscores the need for integrated local development strategies, enhanced infrastructure, and quality public services to confront the demographic challenges faced by remote areas. By em-phasizing tourism and sustainable community-based approaches, the study presents a roadmap for revitalizing rural municipalities through inclusive governance and strate-gic planning.

Abstract: Growing powers of far-right populist parties in European countries has led to more divisive politics on climate change. This is the case also in Sweden, a country that has long been seen as a frontrunner in climate policy and a stronghold of liberal democracy. With a far-right populist nativist party currently holding tangible powers, Swedish climate politics have turned into an antidemocratic politics with rising greenhouse gas emissions in less than two years. Using contemporary Swedish climate politics as a case study, this paper qualitatively analyses the divisive nature of right-wing populist climate politics, with particular focus on the systematic use of hate speech and hate crime for political purposes – nasty politics with nasty rhetoric. Based on empirical data from 157 items from newspapers, magazines, radio, television and social media from June 2021 to June 2025, as well as a review of recent cross-disciplinary literature on hate speech and hate crime, this paper explores the use and nature of nasty rhetoric, raising questions for discussion among scholars, policymakers and civil society beyond Sweden. It is found that leading right-wing politicians, including the prime minister, cabinet ministers and leading parliamentarians, portray climate science as “a point of view”, green politicians as “strawmen” that should be “killed”, female climate journalists as “left pack” and “moron hags” that “will be raped”, and the climate justice movement as “saboteurs”, “totalitarian terrorists” and “a threat to Swedish democracy” that should be “sent to prison” and “executed”. The use of nasty rhetoric can be described as a double-edged sword, aiming to silence the opponents to the current paradigm shift in Swedish climate policy, while at the same time mobilising followers through conspiracy theories with fantasies and symbolic threats to expand the weird sport of nasty rhetoric. Reviewing the literature, people persuaded to follow and expand the use of nasty rhetoric seem to be influenced by ideology, but also social processes as well as dark personality traits. The pro-climate opposition is also using insults and accusations, not to silence the Tidö parties, but to reveal right-wing populist climate policy and politicians as a naked emperor.

Abstract: This study investigated the validity of a new observational procedure for assessing moth-er–father–adolescent conflict interactions. Addressing key gaps in the field, this procedure moves beyond mother–adolescent dyads and self-report questionnaires by offering a standardized, observational family-level approach. The procedure combines the Lau-sanne Trilogue Play – Conflict Discussion Task (LTP–CDT) with a coding system, the Family Conflict and Alliance Assessment Scales with Adolescents (FCAAS). In a sample of 82 two-parent families with adolescents aged 10 to 13, the FCAAS demonstrated excel-lent inter-rater reliability and good validity. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a the-oretically grounded two-factor structure. Criterion and construct validity were confirmed via self-reports of marital satisfaction and coparenting, respectively. Ecological validity was supported by family members’ self-reports. This tool offers promising research and clinical applications and may be extended to diverse populations to assess known-group validity.

Abstract: Suicidal ideation and behaviours are common among adolescents, posing significant challenges. Parents play a fundamental protective role in the prevention of adolescent suicide. As such, it is important that parents feel empowered in this role, i.e., have greater self-efficacy and feel prepared to take the appropriate actions towards preventing adolescent suicide. An online parenting program could offer parents flexible access to evidence-based parenting strategies. Yet very little is known about how an intervention could be designed to support the empowerment of these parents. Thus, the current study explores how to co-design an adaptation to an existing evidence-based, digital parenting intervention to empower parents. Four sets of co-design workshops with parents who have lived experience of caring for a suicidal adolescent (n = 4), young people who experienced suicidality during adolescence (n = 4), and experts in youth mental health/suicide prevention (n = 4) were conducted to innovate adaptations to an existing, evidence-based digital parenting program to empower parents of suicidal adolescents. Inductive thematic analysis was used to analyse and interpret findings. Following these themes, the researchers extrapolated ideas for technological features, which were presented to parents with lived experience (n = 3) to obtain their feedback. Three key themes highlight how a digital intervention could be innovated and adapted to empower parents caring for a suicidal adolescent. That is, for parents to feel empowered to parent a suicidal adolescent, a digital intervention should support them to: 1) “deal with the now”; 2) “acknowledge needs and understand their role”, and 3) “hold hope for the future”. Further, ten sub-themes were developed illustrating different concepts related to these themes. Technological features were proposed to formulate how an intervention (Partners in Parenting - Suicide Prevention; PiP-SP+) could support parents to feel more empowered when caring for a suicidal adolescent. The proposed adaptations designed for PiP-SP+ offer a novel resource for parents and insights for clinicians and intervention designers, demonstrating how a digital intervention can be adapted to empower parents in their role of emotionally supporting and managing the suicide risk of their adolescent.

Abstract: Despite the positive impact of culturally responsive social emotional learning (CR-SEL) in enhancing students’ academic achievement and emotional resilience, less is known about how it is employed in rural school settings (McCallopsa et al., 2019). Guided by Bennett et al.’s framework (2018), we employed a case study design to explore how rural transitional kindergarten (TK) teachers in California practice CR-SEL in their classrooms. Ten TK teachers from seven California rural schools were individually interviewed online. Results of the thematic analysis showed three major themes of CR-SEL practices: multicultural and critical perspective development, inclusive environment, and family engagement. Participants identified different strategies to teach CR-SEL practices in their classrooms. Findings extend our understanding of CR-SEL in practice, and provide practical and research implications for school psychologists, educators, and policy makers.

Abstract: Crack growth is, in theory, very well known, and crack initiation is also quite well described and proven by different physical explanations and mathematical models in the literature. However, crack incubation is not a well-investigated phenomenon, especially if this phenomenon relates to the question of why. So, teachers and students for understanding need logical explanations. This paper aims to focus on this area, the crack incubation and initiation field, and explain it with an appropriate model, included in the context of the already developed AI expert system (ES). The application of this advanced ES developed for education will be shown in the design example and the dimensioning and optimizing gears and gearing. The individual teachers, using this ES can successfully plan and execute optimal lessons for various subjects using. The presented mathematical model will enable the teachers to have a complex approach to teaching, but it will also be helpful for the self-learning and self-training of the students.

Abstract: Background: The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) has fundamentally changed how education is delivered and how students perform. Since its launch, ChatGPT, a popular generative AI tool, has generated mixed reactions. Objectives: This research systematically reviews the opportunities, perceptions, and challenges of using ChatGPT among professors and students at higher education levels. Our review identified key themes and patterns in the literature and provided a comprehensive understanding of the different opinions held by students and faculty. Methods: We included peer-reviewed journal articles and conference proceedings from January 1, 2022, to April 27, 2024, taken from APA PsycInfo, CINAHL Ultimate, Education Source Ultimate, ERIC, and Web of Science. From 1046 studies, we selected 58 articles and then conducted thematic content analysis using descriptive statistics to identify key themes and patterns across the literature. The synthesis of the extracted data from the articles included gives the different perceptions of using ChatGPT in higher education. Results and Conclusions: Our review showed that faculty and students have 21 different opinions about ChatGPT’s accuracy and reliability, with a mix of positive and negative views. We also discovered 14 concerns about the ethical issues surrounding its use. We also uncovered 25 opinions on ChatGPT’s future role in higher education. Instructors and students had differing views on using ChatGPT in higher education. Some faculty members believe ChatGPT is a useful tool for teaching and learning, while others have different opinions. We concluded that appropriate measures should be taken to ensure that ChatGPT is used correctly and fairly in higher education.