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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202410.0500.v1

Identifying Anthropogenic versus Natural Submerged Prehistoric Landscapes: Two Case Studies from the Sicilian Channel

Ehud Galili, Liora Kolska Horwitz, Ilaria Patania, Amir Bar, Isaac Ramirez Ogloblin

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: submerged prehistory; sea-level change; underwater archaeology; beach deposits; inundated settlements

Online: 7 October 2024 (17:17:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1148.v1

The Role of Transcrust Magma and Fluid-Conducting Faults in the Formation of Mineral Deposits

Farida Isataeva, Auez Abetov, Gulzada Umirova, Zhanibek Mustafin, Aigerim Abdullina

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: transcrustal magma- and fluid-conducting faults; microseismic and magnetoteluric sounding; oregenesis; hydrocarbon deposits

Online: 16 September 2024 (12:21:52 CEST)

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The article considers the role of transcrustal magma- and fluid-conducting faults in the formation of mineral deposits, shows the importance of a deep source of heat and hydrothermal solutions in the genesis and history of the formation of these deposits. As a result of the impact on the lithosphere of mantle jets rising along transcrustal faults, intense block-and-clump deformations and tectonic movements are generated; rift systems and volcanic-plutonic belts spatially combined with them are formed; intrusive bodies are introduced. At ore deposits, these processes cause epithermal ore formation as a consequence of the impact of mantle jets rising along transcrustal faults on the lithosphere. At hydrocarbon fields, they play an extremely important role in conduction and convective heat and mass transfer to the area of hydrocarbon generation, determine the relationship between the processes of lithogenesis and tectogenesis, and activate the generation of hydrocarbons from oil and gas mother formations. Detection of transcrustal magma- and fluid-supporting faults was carried out by MMZ and MTZ in combination with other geological and geophysical data. Practical examples are given for mineral deposits under which subvertical transcrustal columns of increased permeability traced to considerable depths have been found. The nature of these unique structures is related to faults of pre-Paleozoic time of emplacement, which determined the fragmentation of the subcrystalline structure of the Earth and later developed inherited in the conditions of development of volumetric fluid dynamics. The residual forms of functioning of fluid-conducting thermohydrocolumns are granitoid batholiths and other magmatic bodies. Experimental modelling of deep processes allowed to reveal the quantum character of interactions of crystal structures of minerals with "inert" gases under elevated T-P conditions. The role of helium, nitrogen and hydrogen in changing the physical properties of rocks in connection with their intrastructural diffusion has been clarified. As a result of low-energy impact, stress fields are formed in the solid rock skeleton, the structure and texture of rocks are rearranged, and general porosity develops. With increasing pressure, energy interactions intensify, deformations, phase transitions and chemical bonds occur in an unstable geological environment, which increases with increasing gas saturation, pressure, and temperature. The process of heat and mass transfer along transcrustal magma- and fluid-supplying faults to the Earth's surface occurs in stages with energy release, which can manifest itself in the form of explosions on the day surface, in coal and ore mines, in earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0308.v1

Advancing Seaweed Cultivation: Integrating Physics Constraint in Machine Learning for Enhanced Biomass Forecasting in IMTA Systems

Alisa Kunapinun, William Fairman, Paul S Wills, Dennis Hanisak, Bing Ouyang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA); seaweed growth prediction; Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM); loss function under physics constraint; deep learning; synthetic data generation; sensor data augmentation; aquaculture optimization; biomass estimation; environmental monitoring; Robotic System

Online: 4 September 2024 (18:14:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1685.v2

Satellite-Based Assessment of Particulate Organic Carbon (POC) concentrations in the Bay of Bengal: Spatial and Temporal Dynamics

Md Abu Yousuf Prodhan

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: MODIS; Particulate Organic Carbon; Chorophyll-a; SST; Bay of Bengal; Carbon cycle

Online: 26 August 2024 (08:24:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1685.v1

Satellite-Based Assessment of Particulate Organic Carbon (POC) concentrations in the Bay of Bengal: Spatial and Temporal Dynamics

Md Abu Yousuf Prodhan

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: MODIS; Particulate Organic Carbon; Chorophyll-a; SST; Bay of Bengal; Carbon cycle

Online: 23 August 2024 (08:24:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1366.v1

Pore Characteristics of Hydrate-Bearing Sediments from Krishna-Godavari Basin, Offshore India

Wen Guan, Hailin Yang, Xindi Lu, Hailong Lu

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: hydrate-bearing sediments; microporous structure; Krishna-Godavari Basin; pore characterization

Online: 20 August 2024 (03:39:46 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0659.v1

Mathematical Models of Tsunami Propagation

Po Chen, Benard Oppong, En-Jui Lee, Xinghui Huang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: tsunami; propagation; potential flow; shallow-water equations; Boussinesq equations; Navier-Stokes equations; projection methods

Online: 12 August 2024 (02:43:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0568.v1

The China Coastal Front from Himawari-8 AHI SST data — Part 2: South China Sea

Igor M BELKIN, Shang-Shang LOU, Yi-Tao ZANG, Wen-Bin YIN

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: South China Sea; Oceanic fronts; China Coastal Front; Guangdong Coastal Front; Taiwan Strait; Taiwan Bank; Himawari-8; Advanced Himawari Imager

Online: 8 August 2024 (17:05:10 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.2261.v1

Significance of Internal Variability for Numerical Experimentation and Analysis

Hans von Storch, Lin Lin

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: hydrodynamic noise; marginal seas; numerical experimentation; dynamical models; 13 Stochastic climate model; seeding noise

Online: 29 July 2024 (11:03:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.2022.v1

Enhancing Significant Wave Height Retrieval With FY-3E GNSS-R Data: A Comparative Analysis of Deep Learning Models

Zhenxiong Zhou, Boheng Duan, Kaijun Ren, Weicheng Ni, Ruixin Cao

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: FY-3E; GNSS-R; Significant Wave Height; ViT; Retrieval

Online: 25 July 2024 (10:57:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1935.v1

The Black Sea Upwelling System: A Climatological Analysis on the North-Western Shelf

Maria Emanuela Mihailov

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: upwelling; coastal upwelling transport index; black sea; biologically effective upwelling transport index

Online: 24 July 2024 (10:21:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1625.v1

Predictive Modelling of Sea Debris around Maltese Coastal Waters

Mark Dingli, Kristian Guillaumier, Adam Gauci

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: machine learning; geosciences; lagrangian simulation; sea surface currents velocities prediction; oceanography; environmental modelling; marine debris simulation; marine conservation

Online: 22 July 2024 (05:52:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1439.v1

Vertical Shear, Diapycnal Shear and the Gradient Richardson Number

Josep L. Pelegrí, Mariona Claret, Pablo Sangrà

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: vertical mixing; diapycnal mixing; isopycnic coordinates; Richardson number; flow instability

Online: 17 July 2024 (12:41:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1223.v1

Estimating Subsurface Thermohaline Structure in the Tropical Western Pacific Using DO-ResNet Model

Xianmei Zhou, Shanliang Zhu, Wentao Jia, Hengkai Yao

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: AI oceanography; machine learning; ocean thermohaline structure; remote sensing data; tropical Western Pacific

Online: 16 July 2024 (10:55:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0034.v1

Application of Multiple geophysical Exploration Methods in the Exploration of Marine Sand Resources in the Northern Offshore Waters of the South China Sea

Gang Yu, Xichong Hu, Jie Fang, Ying Yang, Yongcong Zhang, Jinhui Lin, Jingyi Liu, Libing Qian

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: Marine sand; Sub-bottom profile survey; Single-channel seismic survey; South China Sea

Online: 1 July 2024 (07:40:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1851.v1

Analysis of the role of aquatic gases in the formation of sea ice porosity

Vadim Konstantinovich Goncharov, Natalia Yurievna Klementieva

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: ice; crystal; porosity; bubble; gas; dissolution, emerging, water

Online: 26 June 2024 (10:33:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1583.v1

Mesoscale Eddies and their Impact on Primary Productivity in the Bay of Bengal

Hafez Ahmad, Felix Jose, Padmanava Dash, Shakila Islam Jhara

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: Mesoscale eddies; Bay of Bengal; Primary productivity; Remote sensing; Fisheries management; Ocean dynamics; Monsoonal wind; Sustainable resource utilization

Online: 24 June 2024 (11:54:21 CEST)

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Mesoscale eddies wield a significant influence on primary productivity in marine ecosystems by regulating nutrient availability, vertical mixing, and phytoplankton growth dynamics. In this study, we tracked and analyzed the effects of mesoscale eddies on net primary productivity (NPP) across the Bay of Bengal (BoB) using remote sensing data. Dividing the Bay into six zones based on mesoscale eddy frequency and distribution, our analysis identified 1880 anticyclonic eddies and 1972 cyclonic eddies during January 2010–March 2020 monitoring period. Cyclonic eddies predominantly occurred in the western part of the bay - along the east coast of the Indian Peninsula; while anticyclonic eddies were also observed, albeit in lesser proportions. Among eddies lasting one-week, anticyclonic eddies comprised approximately 48.81%, while cyclonic eddies constituted approximately 51.19% of the total. Analysis of the NPP distribution across the months revealed intriguing patterns. Mean values of NPP fluctuated throughout the year, with the highest value observed in August (748.51 mg C/m2/day) and the lowest in May (519.26 mg C/m2/day). The findings indicate a complex relationship between eddy distribution and NPP, with Zones 1 and 2 exhibiting a higher occurrence of cyclonic eddies, correlating with greater NPP and its variability. Conversely, Zones 3 and 5 display increased eddy activity despite fewer cyclonic eddies and lower NPP levels. Zone 6 shows reduced eddy activity and NPP, while Zone 4 presents moderate eddy activity alongside lower NPP. In contrast, Zones 3 to 5 exhibit lower NPP levels despite exhibiting heightened eddy activity. This study contributes valuable insights into the dynamics of ocean circulation and the impacts of eddies on NPP, which can inform fisheries management strategies, advances climate resilience measures, expands scientific knowledge, and guides policies related to conservation and sustainable resource utilization.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1471.v1

Timescales of ecological processes, settling, and estuarine transport to create estuarine turbidity maxima: An application of the Peter-Parker Model

Lilian Engel, Mark Stacey

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: estuarine turbidity maxima; total exchange flow; physical-biological interactions; planktonic ecosystem

Online: 21 June 2024 (11:32:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1423.v1

Effects of climate events on the trophic status of an Amazonian estuary

Marcela Cunha Monteiro, Luci Cajueiro Carneiro Pereira, Rauquírio Marinha Costa

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: rainfall anomalies; hydrology; eutrophication.

Online: 20 June 2024 (13:01:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1213.v1

Article Seasonal Surges in Bacterial Diversity along the Coastal Waters of the Eastern Arabian Sea

Shyla Hafza, Ammini Parvathi, Angia Sriram Pradeep Ram, Thampan K Alok, R Neeraja, Retnamma Jyothibabu, GVM Gupta

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: monsoon; Arabian sea; metagenomics; western coast of India

Online: 18 June 2024 (11:48:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0989.v1

Nuʻupia Ponds' Water Circulation Characteristics: Exploring Water Exchange and Residence Time for Marine Ecosystem Management

Paula Moehlenkamp, Erik C. Franklin, Margaret A. McManus

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: circulation dynamics; water volume exchange; residence time; conservation ecology; science-based management; Native Hawaiian fishpond

Online: 14 June 2024 (08:29:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0288.v1

Resource Availability and Use in Restored, Unmanaged, and Aquaculture Mangrove Ecosystems in Indonesia

Coral Humber, Matthew W Bulbert, Jessica Chavez, I Nyoman Yoga Parawangsa, Kara Majerus, Marco Campera

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: biomass; carbon; aluminium; nitrogen; crab; fishing pressure; restoration; soil; management

Online: 5 June 2024 (14:58:16 CEST)

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Mangrove ecosystems are one of the most productive on our planet but have declined globally by 30-50%. Many species rely on mangrove habitat and thus their conversion to aquaculture farms has led to a noticeable loss in commodities such as wild fish stocks. This study aimed to assess 1) the influence of the presence of aquaculture and 2) restoration projects on the ecosystems ability to provide resources. We collected data on mangrove vegetation (i.e., biomass, richness and abundance), soil nutrients (i.e. organic carbon, aluminium and nitrogen), crab abundance and fishing pressure in six sites. We set up 15 plots in each site and collected data between May and July 2023. Via generalised linear mixed models we found that the abundance and richness of crabs was significantly higher in aquaculture plots than in no aquaculture plots. Aquaculture plots had higher topsoil aluminium, topsoil and subsoil Nitrogen, and had lower topsoil Carbon than non-aquaculture sites. Restored sites had less Nitrogen in the topsoil than unmanaged sites. Biomass did not change between aquaculture, restored and unmanaged plots. We found a negative correlation between crab abundance and richness and mangrove DBH, suggesting that the species of crabs present preferred areas with propagules for feeding (e.g., Grapsidae crabs). The content of nitrogen in the subsoil was positively correlated with mangrove richness, diversity and height, suggesting the importance of nitrogen availability for mangrove growth. The content of aluminium in the subsoil was negatively correlated with the content of organic carbon both in topsoil and subsoil, suggesting the detrimental effect of aluminium on the carbon cycle. Fishing practices were observed in all sites during the data collection period. Even if most of the vegetation parameters were not significantly affected by presence of aquaculture or management for restoration, it is clear that important variables such as aluminium carbon, and nitrogen content in the soil and crab assemblages were highly variable.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1979.v1

Site Feasibility Study for Deployment of Offshore Seaweed Aquaculture Prototype System in Open Sea

Oladokun Sulaiman Olanrewaju

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: aquaculture; open water; sea; prototype; metaocean; data; macroalgae

Online: 29 May 2024 (16:23:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1351.v1

Deep Learning Based Geomorphic Features Identification in Dredge Pit Marine Environment

Wenqiang Zhang, Xiaobing Chen, Xiangwei Zhou, Jianhua Chen, Jianguo Yuan, Taibiao Zhao, Kehui Xu

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: sidescan; sonar; geomorphology; deep learning; coastal restoration; EfficientNet

Online: 21 May 2024 (07:20:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1135.v1

Seasonal Dynamics and Three-Dimensional Hydrographic Features of the Eastern Gulf of Thailand: Insights from High-Resolution Modeling and Field Measurements

Tanuspong Pokavanich, Vasawan Worrawatanathum, Kittipong Phattananuruch, Sontaya Koolkalya

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: Direct rainfall; Gulf of Thailand; Chanthaburi Coastal Current; Monsoon; Three-dimensional modeling; Salinity dynamics; seasonal variability

Online: 17 May 2024 (11:36:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0235.v1

Eddies over Spitsbergen Bank in the Barents Sea from Year-Round Sentinel-1 SAR Observations

Oksana A. Atadzhanova, Igor E. Kozlov, Alexander A. Konik

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: ocean eddies; open water regions; marginal ice zone; SAR imaging; Sentinel-1; Barents Sea; Spitsbergen Bank; Svalbard; Edge Island; Hopen Island; Storfjorden; Arctic Ocean

Online: 6 May 2024 (08:53:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1824.v1

Hydrographic vs Dynamic Description of a Basin: The Example of the Baroclinic Motion in the Ionian Sea

Gian Luca Eusebi Borzelli, Enesto Napolitano, Adriana Carillo, Maria Vittoria Struglia, Massimiliano Palma, Roberto Iacono

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: Baroclinic circulation; Vertical partition of the kinetic energy; Mediterranean water masses; Surface intensification of baroclinic modes.

Online: 28 April 2024 (07:10:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1198.v1

Instrumental Analysis of Aquatic Organic Pollutants and Its Association with the Spread of Multi-drug Resistant Bacteria

YUNXUAN XIE, Mohammad Elsheikh

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: multi-drug resistant bacteria; microbial treatment; coastal organic waste; Pseudomonadale; marine microorganisms

Online: 18 April 2024 (08:10:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0920.v1

Microbial Detoxification of Sediments Underpins Persistence of Zostera marina Meadows

Yuki Nakashima, Takumi Sonobe, Masashi Hanada, Goushi Kitano, Yoshimitsu Sonoyama, Katsumi Iwai, Takashi Kimura, Masataka Kusube

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: Zostera marina; Eelgrass meadows; Blue carbon; H2S detoxification; Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria; Sulfur-reducing bacteria; Chromatiales

Online: 15 April 2024 (18:05:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0042.v1

Viral dynamics in the tropical Pacific Ocean: a comparison between within and outside warm eddy

Patrichka Wei-Yi Chen, Medeline Olivia, Gwo-Ching Gong, Sen Jan, An-Yi Tsai

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: warm-core eddies; bacteria; viruses; viral-bacterial abundance ratio; downwelling

Online: 1 April 2024 (11:12:52 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1776.v1

Oceanographic Research in Thermaikos Gulf: A Review over Five Decades

Yannis Androulidakis, Christos Makris, Katerina Kombiadou, Yannis N. Krestenitis, Natassa Stefanidou, Chryssanthi Antoniadou, Evangelia Krasakopoulou, Maria-Ignatia Kalatzi, Vasilis Baltikas, Maria Moustaka-Gouni, Chariton Charles Chintiroglou

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: Aegean Sea; Mediterranean; physical processes; marine pollution; sediment transport; biological processes; monitoring

Online: 28 March 2024 (14:28:03 CET)

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Thermaikos Gulf (TG) is a semi-enclosed, river-influenced, marine system situated in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, sustaining both urban coastal regions and ecologically preserved natural areas. Facing a plethora of environmental and anthropogenic pressures, the TG serves as a critical nexus where human activities intersect with marine ecosystems. The second largest city of Greece, Thessaloniki, is located in the northern part of the gulf, while a large environmentally protected zone with multiple river deltas is lying along its western coasts. The quality and health of the TG’s marine environment are tightly linked to the socioeconomic activities of the coastal communities comprising approximately 1.5 million inhabitants. The main features of TG’s environmental dynamics and ecological status have been scrutinized by dedicated research endeavours during the last 50 years. This review synthesizes the seminal findings of these investigations, offering an evaluation of their contribution to research, their present collective impact, and their trajectory toward the future. A severe deterioration of the TG’s environmental quality was detected in the 1970s and 1980s when treatment of urban wastewater was completely absent. A steady trend of recovery was observed after the 1990s, however without achieving, so far, the goal of a “good environmental state”, mandated by national legislation and European directives. The most important research gaps and uncertainties are also discussed and specific recommendations for the improvement of monitoring and understanding about the physical, biochemical, and ecological state of the gulf are provided. The most significant discrepancy is related to the fragmentary monitoring of the TG in both space (partial coverage) and time (temporal gaps), which has been intensified after 2010 due to the reduced funding for environmental research and protection under the severe Greek economic recession. This review aspires to highlight the importance of bolstering monitoring initiatives that can provide continuous observations and further understanding on the TG's ecological and physicochemical conditions. Targeted recommendations, aimed at ameliorating the fragmented monitoring processes, are also provided, advocating for a holistic approach that can safeguard the ecological integrity of the Thermaikos Gulf and uphold its role as a crucial link to marine biodiversity and sustainability in the Mediterranean basin.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1143.v1

The Response of Mixed Layer Depth due to Extreme Weather Events

Wonhyun Lee, Jayaram Veeramony

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: Mixed Layer Depth; Extreme Weather Events; Delft3D; Temperature; Salinity

Online: 19 March 2024 (12:45:26 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0975.v1

Salinity Fronts in the South Atlantic

Igor M Belkin, Xin-Tang Shen

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: sea surface salinity; remote sensing; ocean fronts; SMOS; South Atlantic

Online: 18 March 2024 (10:18:51 CET)

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Seasonal climatology of salinity fronts in the South Atlantic has been created from satellite SMOS sea surface salinity (SSS) measurements, 2011-2019, processed at the Barcelona Expert Center of Remote Sensing (BEC) and provided as high-resolution (1/20°) SSS data. The SSS fronts are identified with narrow zones of enhanced horizontal gradient magnitude (GM) of SSS computed with the Belkin-O’Reilly algorithm. Seasonal climatologies are generated for large-scale open-ocean SSS fronts and for low-salinity regions maintained by the Rio de la Plata discharge, Magellan Strait outflow, Congo River discharge, and Benguela upwelling. To facilitate feature recognition in satellite imagery, the salinity gradient has been log-transformed, which improved visual contrast of gradient maps, revealing new features. A 2000-km-long triangular area in the eastern tropical-subtropical Atlantic is filled with regular quasi-meridional mesoscale striations that form a giant ripple field with a 100-km wave length extending from Africa toward the NE Brazil. South of the Tropical Front, within the subtropical high-salinity pool, a trans-ocean quasi-zonal narrow linear belt of SSS maximum is documented. The Smax belt shifts north-south seasonally while retaining its well-defined linear morphology, which is suggestive of a mechanism that maintains this feature. In the SW Atlantic, the Rio de la Plata plume expands in winter (June-July), reaching across the South Brazilian Bight, up to Cabo Frio (23°S) and beyond. The Plata estuarine front moves in and out seasonally. Farther south, the Magellan Strait outflow expands northward in winter up to 39-40°S to nearly join the Plata outflow. In the SE Atlantic, the Congo River plume spreads radially from the river mouth, with the spreading direction varying seasonally and interannually. The plume is often bordered from the south by a quasi-zonal front along 6°S. The diluted Congo River water spreads southward seasonally down to the thermal Angola-Benguela Front at 16°S. The Benguela upwelling is delineated by a meridional front, which extends north alongshore up to 20°S, where the low-salinity Benguela upwelling water meets the high-salinity tropical water (“Angola water”) to form a salinity front, which is separate from the thermal Angola-Benguela Front at 16°S. The Angola water thus forms a wedge between the low-salinity waters of the Congo River outflow in the north and Benguela upwelling in the south. This high-salinity wedge is bordered by salinity fronts that migrate north-south seasonally.

Preprint DATA DESCRIPTOR | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0772.v1

Continuous Wave Measurements Collected in Intermediate Depth throughout the North Sea Storm Season during the RealDune/REFLEX Experiments

Jantien Rutten, Marion Tissier, Paul van Wiechen, Xinyi Zhang, Sierd de Vries, Ad Reniers, Jan-Willem Mol

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: Wave measurements; velocity measurements; wave transformation; ADCP; ADV

Online: 13 March 2024 (09:58:50 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0682.v1

Influence of New Parameterization Schemes on Arctic Sea Ice Simulation

Yang LU, Xiaochun WANG, Yijun He, Jiping Liu, Jiangbo Jin, Jian Cao, Juanxiong He, Yongqiang Yu, Xin Gao, Mirong Song, Yiming Zhang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: Earth System Model; Sea Ice Parameterization Scheme; Arctic Sea Ice; Sea Ice Concentration; Sea Ice Thickness

Online: 12 March 2024 (10:29:33 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1225.v1

Amazon Plume in the Western Tropical North Atlantic

Eugene G. Morozov, Dmitry I. Frey, Pavel A. Salyuk, Maxim V. Budyansky

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: desalination of the surface layer, intra-annual plume variability, CTD casts, continuous recording, Lagrangian analysis

Online: 21 February 2024 (11:53:03 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1013.v1

Investigation of the Growth and Mortality of Bacteria and Synechococcus spp. in Unvegetated and Seagrass Habitats

Patrichka Wei-Yi Chen, Clara Natalie Annabel, Madeline Olivia, Wen-Chen Chou, Jian-Jhih Chen, Vladimir Mukhanov, Mariche Natividad, Yi-Le Shen, An-Yi Tsai

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: Seagrass; bacteria; Synechococcus spp.; growth rates, picoplankton

Online: 19 February 2024 (07:52:12 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0302.v1

Explainable AI in Assessing Multi-Year ENSO Predictability from the Western North Pacific Precursor

Liping Deng, Krishna Borhara, Shih-Yu Wang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: ENSO Predictability; Machine Learning; Explainable AI; Western North Pacific

Online: 5 February 2024 (16:31:38 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0902.v1

Study Progress on Technogenic Magnetic Particles (TMPs) and Their Future Research in Continental Shelf Seas

Yong-Hong Wang, Meng-Yao Liang, Chun-Hui Xiao

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: Technogenic magnetic particles (TMPs); Characteristics; Distribution pattern; Sedimentary effects.; Continental shelf seas

Online: 11 January 2024 (09:42:07 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0716.v1

Distribution Characteristics of Dissolved Amino Acids in Seawater of the Yap Trench

Shaoke Xiao, Wen Hao, Chengjun Sun, Jiaohong Niu, Chenhaojin Zhou, Haibing Ding

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: Amino acids; Yap Trench; Vertical variations; Diagenetic

Online: 9 January 2024 (10:52:42 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0647.v1

Extracted Spectral Signatures from the Water Column as a Tool for Characterization of Marine Microbial Community

Staša Puškarić, Mateo Sokač, Živana Ninčević, Danijela Šantić, Sanda Skejić, Tomislav Džoić, Heliodor Prelesnik, Knut Yngve Børsheim

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: spectral signatures; machine learning; artificial intelligence; non-negative matrix factorization; prediction; microbial community structure; ocean

Online: 9 January 2024 (05:21:28 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0619.v1

The California Coast and Living Shorelines - A Critical Look

Gary B Griggs

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: living shorelines, coastal protection, shoreline erosion,

Online: 8 January 2024 (10:03:10 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0098.v1

Tidally Induced Eddies Dominate Dispersal of the Thermal Plume from the Third Nuclear Power Plant in the Semi-enclosed Nan Wan Bay

Hung-Jen Lee, Shih-Jen Huang, Pei-Jie Meng, Chung-Chi Chen, Chia-Ying Ho, Yi-Chen Tsai

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: shipboard ADCP; seasonal monsoon; MITgcm; tidal currents; thermal plume

Online: 3 January 2024 (10:25:10 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0825.v1

Improving Data-Driven Estimation of Significant Wave Height through Preliminary Training on Synthetic X-band Radar Sea Clutter Imagery

Vadim Rezvov, Mikhail Krinitskiy, Alexander Gavrikov, Viktor Golikov, Mikhail Borisov, Alexander Suslov, Natalia Tilinina

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: wind wave; X-band marine radar; significant wave height; Pierson-Moskowitz spectrum; synthetic radar images; preliminary training; artificial neural networks; machine learning; deep learning; convolutional neural networks; unsupervised pre-training

Online: 12 December 2023 (08:11:49 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0542.v1

Evolution and Structure of a Mesoscale Anticyclonic Eddy in the Northwestern Japan Sea and Its Exchange with Surrounding Waters: In Situ Observations and Lagrangian Analysis

Maxim Budyansky, Svetlana Ladychenko, Vyacheslav Lobanov, Sergey Prants, Aleksandr Alekseevich Udalov

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: northwestern Japan Sea; mesoscale eddy; evolution and structure; Lagrangian analysis

Online: 8 December 2023 (03:02:17 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0284.v1

A Deep Neural Network Ensemble Adjustment Kalman Filter and Its Application on Strongly Coupled Data Assimilation

Zheqi Shen, Renxi Wang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: Data assimilation; machine learning; deep neural network; ensemble Kalman filter; strongly coupled data assimilation

Online: 5 December 2023 (15:30:20 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0100.v1

Meteorological Signal on Hydrodynamics in the Ilha Grande and Sepetiba Bays: Lag Effects and Coastal Currents

Nair Emmanuela da Silveira Pereira, Suzana Beatriz Vinzón, Marcos Nicolás Gallo, Mariela Gabioux

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: numerical modelling; non-tidal fluctuations; remote meteorological effects; riemann’ s invariants; Ilha Grande and Sepetiba bays.

Online: 4 December 2023 (09:45:06 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0560.v1

Daily Scale Prediction of Arctic Sea Ice Concentration Based on Recurrent Neural Network Models

Juanjuan Feng, Jia Li, Wenjie Zhong, Junhui Wu, Zhiqiang Li, Lingshuai Kong, Lei Guo

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: sea ice concentration; recurrent neural network; Arctic sea ice prediction; short-term prediction

Online: 8 November 2023 (14:45:25 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0319.v1

RDCP: A Real Time Sea Fog Intensity and Visibility Estimation Algorithm

Shin Hyuk Hwang, Sung Hyun Park, Ki Won Kwon, Sekil Park, Taeho Im

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: sea fog intensity estimation; visibility estimation; sea fog image processing

Online: 6 November 2023 (07:47:52 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1853.v1

Multi-Sensor Observations Reveal Large-Amplitude Nonlinear Internal Waves in the Kara Gates, Arctic Ocean

Igor E. Kozlov, Ilya O. Kopyshov, Dmitry I. Frey, Eugene G. Morozov, Igor P. Medvedev, Arina I. Shiryborova, Ksenya P. Silvestrova, Alexander V. Gavrikov, Elizaveta Ezhova, Dmitry M. Soloviev, Evgeny V. Plotnikov, Vladislav R. Zhuk, Pavel V. Gaisky, Alexander A. Osadchiev, Natalia B. Stepanova

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: nonlinear internal waves; large-amplitude waves; tidal currents; spring tide; tidetopography interactions; thermal profilers; remote sensing; UAV; Kara Gates; Arctic Ocean

Online: 30 October 2023 (10:03:08 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1457.v1

An Improved VMD–EEMD–LSTM Time Series Hybrid Prediction Model for Sea Surface Height

Hongkang Chen, Xiaoxing He, Tieding Lu, Jiahui Huan, Xiwen Sun

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: sea level change; deep learning; time series prediction; VMD; EEMD; LSTM

Online: 24 October 2023 (04:06:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.2081.v1

Neither Zero-Catch Data nor Model Structure. Noisy Labels Are the Key Hindrance of Improving Fisheries Forecasting Performance

Zhexuan Li, Tianjiao Zhang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: Zero-catch problem; Non-zero samples; Thunnus; Confident learning; Learning with noisy labels

Online: 31 August 2023 (02:55:17 CEST)

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Preprint TECHNICAL NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1586.v1

Enhancing Water Depth Estimation from Satellite Imagery using Online Machine Learning: A Case Study using Baidu Easy-DL

Zhongqiang Wu, Zhihua Mao, Haixia Yang, Wei Shen

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: Big Model; Machine learning; Baidu Easy-DL; Water depth; Satellite-based Bathymetry

Online: 23 August 2023 (07:50:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1072.v1

Geochemical Characteristics of Surface Sediments in the Xunmei Hydrothermal Field (26°S), Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Implications for Hydrothermal Activity

Peng Yang, Chuanshun Li, Yuan Dang, Lei Fan, Baoju Yang, Yili Guan, Qiukui Zhao, Dewen Du

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: South Mid-Atlantic Ridge; metalliferous sediments; Xunmei Hydrothermal Field; geochemical characteristics

Online: 15 August 2023 (04:36:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0716.v1

The Lambousa (Cyprus) Fish Tank in a Quasi-Stable Coastal Area of the Eastern Mediterranean. A Notable Marker for Testing GIA Models

Fabrizio Antonioli, Stefano Furlani, Giorgio Spada, Daniele Melini, Zomenia Zomeni

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: Fishtanks; GIA; relative sea level; MIS 5.5; Cyprus; Mediterranean Sea

Online: 9 August 2023 (10:28:28 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0510.v1

Ecosystem Management Policy Implications Based on Tonga Main Tuna Species Catch Data 2002–2018

SIOSAIA VAIHOLA, STUART KININMONTH

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: economically important species,; exclusive economic zones,; fisheries research,; national obligations,; tuna fisheries management

Online: 7 August 2023 (11:53:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0112.v1

Seasonal Changes of Sea Ice Thickness in the Eastern Arctic Ocean Evident from Remotely Sensed and In-Situ Observations in 2013–2015

Andrey V. Pnyushkov

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: sea ice thickness; Arctic Ocean; Eurasian Basin; ice profiling sonars

Online: 2 August 2023 (08:36:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.2089.v1

Vertical structure of the West Spitsbergen Current and its relationship to the altimetry-derived surface geostrophic currents.

Anna Izabela Izabela Bulczak

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: satellite altimetry 1; ocean currents 2; vertical structure 3; Arctic 4

Online: 31 July 2023 (11:36:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1784.v1

Coastal Erosion Caused by River Mouth Migration on Cuspate Delta: An Example from Thanh Hoa, Vietnam

Dinh Van Duy, Tran Van Ty, Cao Tan Ngoc Than, Cu Ngoc Thang, Huynh Thi Cam Hong, Lam Tan Phat, Nguyen Thai An, Tran Nhat Thanh, Nguyen Trung Viet, Hitoshi Tanaka

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: coastal erosion; cuspate delta; wave-dominated delta; analytical solution; sediment supply; Landsat; Ma River; Thanh Hoa

Online: 26 July 2023 (09:09:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1187.v1

Increasing the Observability of Near Inertial Oscillations by a Future ODYSEA Satellite Mission

Jinbo Wang, Hector Torres, Patrice Klein, Alexander Wineteer, Hong Zhang, Dimitris Menemenlis, Clement Ubelmann, Ernesto Rodriguez

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: ODYSEA; Near Inertial Oscillation; NIO; surface current

Online: 18 July 2023 (09:49:09 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1128.v1

Observational Studies of Ocean Fronts: A Systematic Review of Chinese-Language Literature

Xin-Tang Shen, Igor M Belkin

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: ocean fronts; front detection; satellite oceanography; remote sensing; China Seas

Online: 18 July 2023 (02:59:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1061.v1

Zoonotic Anisakidae Nematodes - Emerging Pathogens in Salmon and Other Commercially Important Fish Species from Polish Marine Waters

Katarzyna Nadolna-Ałtyn, Magdalena Podolska, Joanna Pawlak

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: Anisakidae; salmon; zoonotic; southern Baltic

Online: 17 July 2023 (10:40:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0796.v1

Upwellings and Downwellings Caused By Mesoscale Water Dynamics in the Coastal Zone of North-Eastern Black Sea

Oleg I. Podymov, Vladimir V. Ocherednik, Ksenia P. Silvestrova, Andrei G. Zatsepin

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: upwelling; downwelling; Black Sea; Rim Current; permanent pycnocline; seasonal thermocline

Online: 12 July 2023 (12:03:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0966.v1

Difference in Water CO₂ Dynamics between Riverine and Fringe Mangroves–A Case Study in Subtropical Mangroves

Wataru Nakamura, Jun Sasaki, Phyo Thet Naing, Toru Endo, Taiki Mori, Keita Furukawa, Kenji Ono, Kiyoshi Fujimoto

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: Blue carbon; Mangrove; Tidal flat; Fringe mangroves; Riverine mangroves; Ishigaki Island; Iriomote Island; Okinawa; Japan; CO2; DIC; TA; CaCO₃ dissolution

Online: 14 June 2023 (04:22:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0282.v1

Marine Calcareous Biological Ooze Thermoluminescence and its Application for Paleoclimate Change since Middle Pleistocene

Zhang Ping, Liu Haisheng, Hou Shengli, Wang Nanping, Fang Nianqiao

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: Indian Ocean; North Atlantic; Thermoluminescence; calcareous biological ooze; paleoclimate

Online: 5 June 2023 (08:48:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1825.v1

Wave Climate Variability along the Coastlines of Senegal over the Last 4 Decades

Marcellin SEUJIP SAMOU, Xavier BERTIN, Issa SAKHO, Alban LAZAR, Mamadou SADIO, Mouhamadou BACHIR DIOUF

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: Wave climate; WaveWatch III; Wave Climatology; Wave Trends; Remote climatic modes; in-situ data; Atlantic Ocean; Senegalese coast; Senegal

Online: 26 May 2023 (03:19:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1590.v1

Research on Construction and Application of Ocean Circulation Spatial-Temporal Ontology

Hao Zhang, Anmin Zhang, Liuyang Zhang, Shuai Liu

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: ontology; spatial-temporal ontology; ocean circulation; semantic analysis; Web Ontology Language (OWL)

Online: 23 May 2023 (07:12:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1423.v1

Capabilities of the ODYSEA Wind and Current Mission to Estimate Wind Work at the Air-Sea Interface

Hector Torres, Alexander Wineteer, Patrice Klein, Tong Lee, Jinbo Wang, Ernesto Rodriguez, Dimitris Menemenlis, Hong Zhang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: Wind and current mission concept; Doppler scatterometer; wind work

Online: 19 May 2023 (10:05:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0585.v1

Factors Contributing to the Long-Term Sea Level Trends in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic and Canary Islands

Manuel Vargas-Yáñez, Elena Tel, Marta Marcos, Francina Moya, Enrique Ballesteros, Cristina Alonso, M. Carmen García-Martínez

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: Relative Sea Level; Steric contribution; liner regression; Western Mediterranean; Iberian Peninsula; Canary Islands

Online: 9 May 2023 (07:35:12 CEST)

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We present an attempt to estimate the long-term changes of Relative Sea Level (RSL) and the different factors contributing to such trends on a local and regional scale using a statistical linear model. The time series analysed correspond to 17 tide-gauges grouped in three different areas: the northern and western Atlantic coasts of the Iberian Peninsula, the Canary Islands, and the southern and eastern coasts of the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands. The analysis was performed for two periods: 1948-2019, using tide-gauge data, and 1993-2019, using both tide-gauge and altimetry data for comparison. The trends for the period 1948-2019 ranged between 1.09 0.14 (Canary Islands) and 2.05 0.21 mm/yr, for the northern and western Atlantic Iberian Peninsula. Altimetry data during the period 1993-2019 yielded quite homogeneous results for all the locations and regions, ranging between 2.7 0.4 and 3.0 0.3 mm/yr. On the contrary, the results obtained from tide-gauge data for this recent period showed a large dispersion, very likely due to local effects or even levelling or instrumental errors. Nevertheless, when the results were averaged for each area, the observed trends were comparable to the altimetry results, with values of 2.3 0.8, 2.7 0.5 and 2.8 0.8 mm/yr for the three regions of study. A stepwise forward linear regression has been used to relate the observed RSL variability to the atmospheric forcing and the thermosteric and halosteric components of the sea level. Surprisingly, the thermosteric and halosteric contributions were not significantly correlated to the observed RSL in many cases, and consequently the steric, the total addition of mass, the mass of salt, and the freshwater contributions to the observed sea level trends could not be reliably estimated. This result seems to be the consequence of the scarcity of temperature and salinity data. This hypothesis is confirmed by the exception of L’Estartit tide-gauge. This location is close to a well sampled region. In this case, the atmospheric variables and the thermosteric and halosteric terms explained the 80 % of the observed RSL variance and the contributions of these terms could be estimated. The freshwater contribution for this location was between 1.3 and 1.4 mm/yr, consistent with recent estimations of the contributions of glaciers and Greenland and Antarctica Ice Sheets. These results highlight the importance of monitoring programs and routine sampling for the determination of the different factors contributing to the sea level variability.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0480.v1

Phytoplankton Dynamics and Biogeochemistry of the Black Sea

Vladimir Silkin, Larisa Pautova, Oleg Podymov, Valery Chasovnikov, Anna Lifanchuk, Aleksey Fedorov, Agnislava Kluchantseva

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: phytoplankton; Black Sea; biogeochemistry; species composition; diatoms; coccolithophores

Online: 8 May 2023 (08:47:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0135.v2

Wave Buoy Measurements at Short Fetches in the Black Sea Nearshore: Mixed Sea and Energy Fluxes

Aleksandra Rybalko, Stanislav Myslenkov, Sergei Badulin

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: nearshore; wind-driven waves; swell; mixed (crossing) sea; wave spectra; Kolmogorov-Zakharov spectra

Online: 5 May 2023 (05:01:46 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.1168.v1

Modes of Operation and Forcing in Oil Spill Modeling: State-of-Art, Deficiencies and Challenges

Panagiota Keramea, Nikolaos Kokkos, George Zodiatis, Georgios Sylaios

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: oil spill modeling; meteorological and hydrodynamic forcing; wave models; met-ocean data; forecasting; biogeochemical models; oil biodegradation.

Online: 28 April 2023 (10:49:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0523.v1

Spit Morphology at an Inlet in Phu Quoc Island, Vietnam

Dinh Van Duy, Tran Van Ty, Tran Nhat Thanh, Huynh Vuong Thu Minh, Cao Van De, Vu Hoang Thai Duong, Trinh Cong Dan, Nguyen Trung Viet, Hitoshi Tanaka

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: sand spit; morphological evolution; Sentinel; Phu Quoc; LSTR

Online: 18 April 2023 (11:18:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0135.v1

Wave Buoy Measurements at Short Fetches in the Black Sea Nearshore: Mixed Sea and Energy Fluxes

Aleksandra Rybalko, Stanislav Myslenkov, Sergei Badulin

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: nearshore; wind-driven waves; swell; mixed (crossing) sea; wave spectra; Kolmogorov-Zakharov spectra

Online: 10 April 2023 (03:27:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0160.v2

Letter Migrations between Words in Reading Aloud Can Result Either from an Impairment in Orthographic Input or in Phono-Logical Output

Liora Toledano, Naama Friedmann

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: Keywords: Developmental dyslexia; attentional dyslexia; Hebrew; migrations between words; phonological output buffer; orthographic-visual analyzer; reading

Online: 20 March 2023 (04:08:07 CET)

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Abstract: Letter migrations between words in reading aloud (e.g., reading "cane love" as "lane love" or "lane cove") are known to result from a deficit in the visual-orthographic analysis and characterize attentional dyslexia. In spontaneous speech, individuals with impairment in the phonological output buffer may show migrations of phonemes between words. The purpose of this study was to examine whether migrations between words in reading aloud can also result from a deficit in the phonological output buffer, to explore the characteristics of migrations resulting from orthographic input and from phonological output deficits, and to examine methods to distinguish these two sources. Using tasks of reading aloud of 92-182 word pairs, we identified 18 adults and adolescents with developmental dyslexia who made between-word letter migrations in reading aloud, significantly more than age-matched controls (372 adults and 26 7th-graders). To distinguish between orthographic-input and phonological-output sources for these migrations, we administered a test assessing orthographic-input without spoken-output (written-semantic-decision on 140 migratable word pairs) and a test of repetition of 36 auditorily-presented migratable word pairs, assessing spoken output without orthographic-input (and word span tests). These tests indicated that the migrations of ten of the participants with dyslexia resulted from an orthographic-input deficit, and for the other eight participants, migrations resulted from a phonological-output deficit. We identified several differences between the two types of between-word errors: first, whereas the individuals with attentional dyslexia made omissions of a letter that appeared in the same position in the two words, the phonological output buffer group did not make such omissions. In addition, the groups differed in the origin of migration: orthographic input migrations involve letters that are orthographically adjacent, whereas phonological output migrations involve phonemes that have just been spoken or that are prepared together in the phonological buffer for production. This was manifested in that migrations from the line below and from two lines above occurred only in the orthographic input deficit group, and migrations occurred from a word vertically close to the target in the orthographic input group but from a word that has just been spoken (placed diagonally to the target) in the phonological output group. This study thus indicates that between-word migrations in reading-aloud can result not only from attentional dyslexia, but also from a phonological output buffer deficit, and offers ways to distinguish between the two.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0287.v1

On Surface Waves Generated By Extra-Tropical Cyclones. Part I: Multi-Satellite Measurements

Vahid Cheshm Siyahi, Vladimir Kudryavtsev, Maria Yurovskaya, Fabrice Collard, Bertrand Chapron

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: Extreme Waves; Extra-Tropical Cyclones; Altimeter and SWIM-CFOSAT; Ocean Surface Waves Remote Sensing; Atlantic Ocean; Ocean Surface Waves Monitoring and Modeling; Self-Similar Solutions; Fetch and Duration Laws

Online: 15 March 2023 (14:05:31 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0284.v1

On Surface Waves Generated By Extra-Tropical Cyclones. Part II: Simulations

Vahid Cheshm Siyahi, Vladimir Kudryavtsev, Maria Yurovskaya, Fabrice Collard, Bertrand Chapron

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: Extreme Waves; Extra-Tropical Cyclones; Altimeter and SWIM-CFOSAT; Ocean Surface Waves Remote Sensing; Atlantic Ocean; Ocean Surface Waves Monitoring and Modeling; Parametric-2D Wave-ray Model; Swell Evolution; Synthetic Aperture Radar

Online: 15 March 2023 (10:51:31 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0286.v1

High-Resolution Model of Clew Bay – Model Set-up and Validation Results

Hazem Nagy, Ioannis Mamoutos, Glenn Nolan, Robert Wilkes, Tomasz Dabrowski

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: Clew Bay; ROMS; ADCP; Tide Gauge; Taylor Diagram; SSH

Online: 16 January 2023 (13:06:24 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0147.v1

China Coastal Front from Himawari-8 AHI SST Data. Part 1: East China Sea

Igor M Belkin, Shang-Shang Lou, Wen-Bin Yin

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: China Coastal Front; Zhejiang-Fujian Front; Zhe-Min Front; Himawari-8; Advanced Himawari Imager; East China Sea; Taiwan Strait; Sea surface temperature

Online: 9 January 2023 (06:53:06 CET)

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High-resolution (2 km) high-frequency (hourly) SST data from 2015-2020 provided by the Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) onboard the Japanese Himawari-8 geostationary satellite positioned over 140.7°E were used to study spatial and temporal variability of the China Coastal Front (CCF) in the East China Sea. The hourly SST data were processed with the Belkin and O’Reilly (2009) algorithm to generate long-term mean monthly maps of SST gradient magnitude (GM) and frontal frequency (FM) using a GM threshold of 0.1°C/km. Horizontal structure of SST field in the vicinity of the CCF was investigated from cross-frontal distributions of SST along 8 parallels from 31°N to 24°N. The high resolution (2 km) monthly distributions of SST along these 8 parallels were used to determine inshore and offshore boundaries of the CCF and calculate the CCF strength defined as the total cross-frontal SST step dSST=Offshore SST – Inshore SST. The CCF emerges in November, fully develops in December and peaks in strength in January-February. The front’s fragmentation and shrinking/weakening begins in February and March, respectively. In winter (December-February), the front’s strength dSST exceeds 5°C offshore the Zhejiang-Fujian coast and could be as high as 7.5°C when nearshore waters cool down to 7°C. In winter, the front’s strength decreases downstream from 31°N to 24°N. The CCF changes its physical nature as the seasons progress. In winter, the CCF is a water mass front between cold and fresh water coming from the north and warm and salty water coming from the south. In summer, the CCF becomes a coastal upwelling front maintained largely by southerly winds. In winter, the CCF’s cross-frontal structure in the SST field is ramp-shaped, with SST increasing monotonously in the offshore direction. In summer, the CCF’s cross-frontal structure in the SST field is V-shaped or U-shaped, featuring a minimum SST formed by cold upwelled water at some distance from the shore. Thus, the summer SST structure effectively consists of two fronts, a nearshore and offshore, with a minimum SST in-between. Across the inshore/offshore front, the SST decreases/increases in the offshore direction. The local bathymetry, especially the relatively steep shelf slope between 20-m and 50-m isobath, steers the front, which does not meander in winter offshore the Zhejiang-Fujian coast. As the cold season progresses, the front’s axis gradually shifts into deeper waters, from ~20 m to ~50 m.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0316.v1

Quality assessment of Sea Surface Salinity from multiple Ocean Reanalysis Products

Haodi Wang, You Ziqi, Hailong Guo, Wen Zhang, Peng Xu, Kaijun Ren

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: sea surface salinity; ocean reanalysis; moored buoy; in situ measurements; validation

Online: 19 December 2022 (03:45:59 CET)

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Sea surface salinity (SSS) is one of the Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) as defined by the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS). Acquiring high-quality SSS datasets with high spatial-temporal resolution is cruicial for research on the hydrological cycle and earth climate. This study assessed the quality of SSS data provided by four high-resolution ocean reanalysis products, including the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) 1/12° global reanalysis, the The Copernicus Global 1/12° Oceanic and Sea Ice GLORYS12 Reanal-ysis, the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) reanalysis, the ECMWF Oceanic Reanalysis System 5 (ORAS5) product and the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean Phase II (ECCO2) reanalysis. Regional comparison in the Mediterranean Sea shows that reanalysis largely depicts the accurate spatial SSS structure away from river mouths and coastal areas but slightly underestimates the mean SSS values. Better SSS reanalysis performance is found in the Levantine Sea while larger SSS uncertainties are found in the Adriatic Sea and the Aegean Sea. The global comparison with CMEMS level-4 (L4) SSS show generally con-sistent large-scale structures. The mean ΔSSS between monthly gridded reanalysis data and in situ analyzed data is -0.1 PSU in the open seas between 40°S and 40°N with the mean Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) generally smaller than 0.3 PSU and the majority of correlation coefficients higher than 0.5. Comparison with collocated buoy salinity shows that reanalysis products well captures the SSS variations at the locations of tropical moored buoy arrays at weekly scale. Among all the four products, the data quality of HYCOM re-analysis SSS is highest in marginal sea, GLORYS12 has the best performance in the global ocean especially in tropical regions. Comparatively, ECCO2 has the overall worst performance to reproduce SSS states and variations by showing the largest discrepancies with CMEMS L4 SSS.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0226.v1

Parameterization of Eddy Mass Transport in the Arctic Seas based on the Sensitivity Analysis of Large-scale Flows

Gennady Platov, Dina Iakshina, Elena Golubeva

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: eddy mass transport; subgrid-scale processes; parametrization; Arctic ocean; sensitivity study; clustering

Online: 13 December 2022 (04:19:37 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0125.v1

Remote Sensing of the Subtropical Front in the Southeast Pacific and the Ecology of Chilean Jack Mackerel Trachurus murphyi

Igor M Belkin, Xin-Tang Shen

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: Front; Southern Ocean; Subtropical Front; Subtropical Convergence; Subtropical Frontal Zone; Remote sensing; Satellite oceanography; SMOS; Marine ecology; Fisheries; Chilean jack mackerel; Trachurus m

Online: 7 December 2022 (09:56:59 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0049.v2

Algorithm for Additional Correction of Remote Sensing Reflectance in the Presence of Absorbing Aerosol

Anna Stanislavovna Papkova, Evgeny Borisovich Shybanov

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: optical characteristics; chlorophyll-a concentration; ocean color; seawater; absorbing aerosol; dust; MODIS Aqua; AERONET; Black Sea

Online: 2 December 2022 (08:52:08 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0398.v1

Temporal Variability of the Remote Sensing Reflectance and Color Index Trends in the Western Part of The Black Sea

Evgeny Borisovich Shybanov, Anna Stanislavovna Papkova, Darya V. Kalinskaya

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: water-leaving radiance; remote sensing reflectance; color index; seasonal blooms; AERONET; Black Sea; MODIS Aqua; AOT; VIIRS

Online: 22 November 2022 (02:53:01 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0049.v1

Algorithm for Additional Correction of Remote Sensing Reflectance in the Presence of Absorbing Aerosol

Evgeny Borisovich Shybanov, Anna Stanislavovna Papkova

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: optical characteristics; chlorophyll-a concentration; ocean color; seawater; absorbing aerosol; dust; MODIS Aqua; AERONET; Black Sea

Online: 2 November 2022 (07:03:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0221.v1

Prediction of Potential Seagrass Habitat Using Remote Sensing Big Data and Machine Learning

Bohao He, Yanghe Zhao, Siyu Liu, Shahid Ahmad, Wei Mao

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: seagrass; remote sensing; machine learning; species distribution model (SDM); hybrid model; habitat suitability; niches; meta-heuristic optimization

Online: 15 September 2022 (07:32:27 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0206.v1

Analysis of Regional Differentiation and Sediment Provenance in the Lu’erhuan River Sea Area of Qinzhou Bay, Guangxi Province

Ping Li, Jun Du, Zhi wei Zhang, Guo qiang Xu

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: Qinzhou Bay; sediment provenance; human activities; endmember analysis

Online: 14 September 2022 (09:48:06 CEST)

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Globally,coastal regions are vital areas of human activities and, as such, are centres of population growth and urban and economic development. Long-term human development has had a major impact on the ecological environment of coastal zones. Therefore, exploring the distribution and provenance of marine sediment types in coastal areas heavily influenced by human activities can provide scientific evidence and references for the current and future ecological management of these sensitive environments. For this reason, we have conducted an analysis on the sediment grain size, Endmember, organic matter content and geochemical elements in the Lu’erhuan River‒Malan Island‒Sandun Island area in the eastern part of Qinzhou Bay, a region heavily influenced by human activities. Sediment grain size clearly differs throughout the study site and the material provenances and hydrodynamic conditions are also varied, likely due to the local environmental conditions and the significant impact human activities have had on the area. The finest-grained sediment is imported from either inland or coastal areas via rivers and weak tidal currents, the next finest component is input from coastal areas through weak tidal currents, and the moderately coarse component mainly originates from nearby beaches. The two coarsest-grained sediment components are influenced by the combination of human activities, tidal currents and waves and enter the water via erosion. Organic matter provenance resembles that of the sediment components, exhibiting varied characteristics. This is due to the combination of natural and human activities in the bay. The organic matter in the upper reaches of the Lu’erhuan River originates from the river and coastal paddy fields, with obvious terrigenous characteristics; the organic matter in northern Malan Island mainly comes from external sources related to oyster farming; while organic matter in eastern Sandun Island is mainly produced endogenously by marine plankton. Al, Ti, Fe, Mg, K, Ga and other elements indicate that terrestrial sediments are significantly disturbed by human activities. However，Mn reflects the marine distribution of terrestrial sediments from the Lu’erhuan River to Jishuimen. Ca and Sr, indicators of marine sediments, are distributed in the eastern offshore area of Sandun Island, which is connected to the open waters. Due to the influence of human activities, As and Cd are highly enriched in the study area, while Cu is less affected by human activities.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0038.v1

Coastal Upwelling in the western Bay of Bengal: Role of Local and Remote Windstress

Sthitapragya Ray, Debadatta Swain, M. M. Ali, Mark A. Bourassa

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: Coastal upwelling; Upwelling index; Scatterometer; Wind stress; Kelvin Wave; Ekman Transport

Online: 2 September 2022 (09:57:06 CEST)

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Preprint TECHNICAL NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0484.v1

A Simple Procedure to Preprocess and Ingest High-Resolution Ocean Color Data into Google Earth Engine

Elígio de Raús Maúre, Simon Ilyushchenko, Genki Terauchi

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: remote sensing; ocean color; Google Earth Engine; MODIS/Aqua, SGLI/GCOM-C, swath reprojection, Earth Engine data ingestion

Online: 29 August 2022 (10:09:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0319.v1

Determining Interannual Variability of the Annual Cycle

Meng Zhang, Hans Von Storch

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: annual cyckle; complex EOFs; statistical analysis; South China Sea

Online: 17 August 2022 (10:11:52 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0450.v1

SynthWakeSAR: A Synthetic SAR Dataset for Deep Learning Classification of Ships at Sea

Igor G. Rizaev, Alin Achim

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: SAR image; ship wake; deep learning; synthetic dataset

Online: 29 July 2022 (05:51:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0061.v1

Coastal Upwelling in the Bay of Bengal: Role of Local and Remote Windstress

Sthitapragya Ray, Debadatta Swain, M. M. Ali, Mark A. Bourassa

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: Coastal upwelling; Upwelling index; Scatterometer; Wind stress; Kelvin Wave; Ekman Transport

Online: 5 July 2022 (05:36:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0049.v1

Reconstructing the Three-Dimensional Structure of Loop Current Rings from Satellite Altimetry and in situ Data using the Gravest Empirical Modes Method

Thomas Meunier, Paula Perez Brunius, Amy Bower

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: three-dimensional eddy reconstruction; Loop Current rings; Gulf of Mexico; Gravest Empirical Modes

Online: 4 July 2022 (10:05:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0048.v1

A Contrast Minimization Approach to Quantify and Remove Sun Glint in Landsat 8 / OLI Imagery

Frank Fell

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: ocean color; sun glint; atmospheric correction; Landsat 8

Online: 4 July 2022 (09:57:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0288.v1

SailBuoy Ocean Currents:Low Cost Upper Layer Ocean Current Measurements

Nellie Wullenweber, Lars Robert Hole, Peygham Ghaffari, Inger Graves, Harald Tholo, Lionel Camus

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: SailBuoy; ADCP; Ocean current; Observation

Online: 21 June 2022 (05:33:55 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0006.v1

Coastal Flooding & Sea-Level Rise: Calculation of Flood Risk Using Tide-Gauge Measurements

Stephen Taylor

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: Sea Level Rise; coastal flooding; JPM; Gumbel; exceedance; extreme value statistics; flood return period; sea-defences

Online: 1 June 2022 (05:58:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0004.v2

A New Perspective on Four Decades of Changes in Arctic Sea Ice from Satellite Observations

Xuanji Wang, Yinghui Liu, Jeffrey R. Key, Richard Dworak

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: sea ice; Cryosphere; Arctic Ocean; Arctic sea ice change; Arctic climate change; remote sensing retrieval; satellite remote sensing; APP; APP-x; trend study

Online: 28 March 2022 (04:13:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0004.v1

A New Perspective on Four Decades of Changes in Arctic Sea Ice from Satellite Observations

Xuanji Wang, Yinghui Liu, Jeffrey R. Key, Richard Dworak

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: sea ice; Cryosphere; Arctic Ocean; Arctic sea ice change; Arctic climate change; remote sensing retrieval; satellite remote sensing; APP; APP-x; trend study

Online: 1 March 2022 (04:32:25 CET)

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Preprint SHORT NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0281.v1

Feasibility of an Open-Source Algorithm for Predicting Sea Surface Temperature Based on Three Multi-Resolution Data Sources

Ranulfo Rodríguez-Sobreyra, León Felipe Álvarez-Sánchez, Francisco Flores-De-Santiago

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: Sub-pixel mapping; Super-resolution mapping; Downscaling; Gulf of California

Online: 22 February 2022 (16:07:26 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0260.v1

Satellite and in situ Sampling Mismatches: Consequences for the Estimate of Satellite Sea Surface Salinity Uncertainties

Clovis Thouvenin-Masson, Jacqueline Boutin, Jean-luc Vergely, Gilles Reverdin, Adrien C. H. Martin, Sébastien Guimbard, Nicolas Reul, Roberto Sabia, Rafael Catany, Odile Hembise Fanton d'Andon

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: sea surface salinity; sampling mismatch; sub footprint variability; uncertainty; validation

Online: 22 February 2022 (02:44:05 CET)

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Environmental and Earth Sciences