Abstract: This systematic review delves into the revolutionary impact of composite materials on the aerospace industry, emphasizing their role in enabling lightweight and high-performance structures. By synthesizing existing research, the review comprehensively analyzes the application of composite materials in aerospace, highlighting benefits, challenges, and advancements. The review aims to offer valuable insights into the current landscape of composite materials in aerospace applications and to pinpoint potential areas for future research and development. Exploring the transformative impact of composites in aircraft design, performance enhancement, and environmental sustainability, the review underscores the opportunities for innovation and efficiency while addressing challenges such as cost considerations and regulatory compliance. It emphasizes the essential role of research in material development, performance evaluation, and sustainability to drive advancements in aerospace composite technologies. The review advocates for collaborative partnerships and investments in research initiatives as crucial steps towards unlocking the full potential of composites in aerospace, shaping a future characterized by excellence, innovation, and sustainable aerospace solutions.

Abstract: Sargassum has become an increasing problem in the Caribbean, especially in Antigua, where it frequently washes up on beaches. While sargassum can support marine life offshore, large quantities onshore cause serious problems for the environment, tourism, and local communities. This study examined water temperature and phosphate concentration in relation to sargassum biomass on Antigua’s beaches. Water samples were collected and analyzed for phosphate concentration at six beaches in Antigua, including three sites known to be affected by sargassum and three unaffected sites. Water temperature and pH were also recorded at each site. Sargassum biomass was collected using a standardized method, dried to constant weight, and weighed to determine dry biomass. Biomass was observed at each of the affected areas, yet there was no significant difference across sites. Phosphate concentrations were significantly higher at the affected sites compared to the unaffected sites. Temperature and pH were similar across sites. These results suggest that nutrient levels, especially phosphate, play a significant role in sargassum buildup on beaches, which aligns with other studies indicating high nutrient concentrations influence sargassum growth. Managing local runoff and monitoring water quality could help reduce problems related to sargassum blooms in the future.

Abstract: Bone is a hierarchically organized composite material with unique mechanical properties and an intrinsic capacity for regeneration. Conventional repair strategies, including autografts, allografts, xenografts, and metallic or ceramic implants, face limitations such as donor scarcity, immunogenicity, brittleness, and poor long-term integration. Tissue engineering (TE) offers a promising alternative by combining cells, scaffolds, and growth factors to restore bone structure and function. This review outlines the principles and workflow of bone TE, emphasizing scaffold design, and clinical viability. Scaffolds serve as three-dimensional, highly porous templates that support cell adhesion, nutrient diffusion, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Successful bone TE requires osteoconductive scaffolds, osteogenic progenitor cells, and osteoinductive signaling molecules to achieve physiological compatibility and functional integration. Recent advances in biomaterials, scaffold architecture, and fabrication technologies have significantly improved the ability to replicate native bone properties, positioning TE as a transformative strategy for regenerative medicine. Despite persistent challenges in achieving complete integration and mechanical stability under complex loading, ongoing research continues to optimize scaffold performance and cellular approaches, making TE a viable and cost-effective alternative to traditional bone repair techniques.

Abstract: Presented is a geometric reformulation of the Born rule for finite-dimensional quantum systems. The state space is identified with complex projective space equipped with its canonical Fubini–Study geometry. Three structural axioms — locality in projective distance, invariance under projective unitaries, and additivity/non-contextuality for orthogonal decompositions — are shown to reduce the problem of transition probabilities to the framework of Gleason's theorem, thereby uniquely determining the transition probability P ([ψ] → [ϕ]) = |⟨ϕ|ψ⟩|². The argument provides a transparent geometric reformulation and interpretation of Gleason’s theorem. I then show that any relativistic Dirac spinor theory automatically realizes this geometry locally, so the Born rule is inherited without further assumption. Finally, I formulate a precise conjecture for an octonionic analogue involving the exceptional group G₂ (or F₄/E₈), then illustrate the idea with a simple finite toy model derived from the seven imaginary octonions and the Fano plane.

Abstract: Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe form of hypoxemic respiratory failure with high morbidity and mortality. Mechanical ventilation is essential for supportive care, but the heterogeneity of lung and chest wall mechanics limits the effectiveness of standardized approaches. Esophageal pressure (Pes) monitoring, as a surrogate of pleural pressure, provides insight into patient-specific physiology and may enable individualized ventilation strategies to minimize ventilator-associated lung injury (VALI).Objective: To determine whether esophageal pressure monitoring improves personalization of mechanical ventilation in patients with ARDS and heterogeneous lung–chest wall mechanics.Methods: A comprehensive PubMed search of English-language literature was conducted. Experimental, physiologic, and clinical studies addressing esophageal manometry in mechanically ventilated patients were reviewed, with emphasis on ARDS. Evidence was synthesized regarding PEEP titration, assessment of patient effort, and applications in complex scenarios such as obesity and COPD overlap. Data extraction focused on proposed physiologic targets, validation techniques, clinical outcomes, and bedside feasibility.Findings: Esophageal manometry enables partitioning of lung and chest wall mechanics, accurate estimation of transpulmonary pressure, and optimization of PEEP settings. Across studies, consistent target ranges were identified: expiratory transpulmonary pressure (Plexp) 0–2 cmH₂O, end-inspiratory transpulmonary pressure (Plinsp) ≤15–20 cmH₂O, and tidal transpulmonary pressure change (ΔPL) ≤10–12 cmH₂O. In assisted ventilation, diaphragmatic-protective thresholds included ΔPes 3–8 cmH₂O, ΔPdi 5–15 cmH₂O, and PTPes 60–150 cmH₂O·s/min. Technique requires careful balloon inflation (Vbest) and confirmation of placement using an occlusion test. Additional clinical uses include detection of intrinsic PEEP, assessment of hemodynamics via transmural pressure measurements, and monitoring of patient–ventilator synchrony. Collectively, these applications support lung- and diaphragm-protective ventilation strategies tailored to individual physiology.Conclusions: Esophageal pressure monitoring represents a promising adjunct for personalizing mechanical ventilation in ARDS, particularly in patients with altered chest wall mechanics such as obesity. Although technical expertise and proper calibration are required, this tool allows more precise adjustment of PEEP, tidal volume, and inspiratory effort. Integration of Pes monitoring into practice may help balance lung- and diaphragm-protective strategies, thereby reducing VALI and improving patient-specific outcomes.

Abstract: Koide's mass formula, originally proposed for charged leptons, has been hypothesized by Carl A. Brannen to also apply to neutrinos. Assuming this hypothesis' validity, two three-dimensional mass models were constructed based on the proposed neutrino masses. This paper demonstrates that the Pontecorvo–Maki–Nakagawa–Sakata (PMNS) matrix can be derived by introducing an intermediate set of hypothetical states, referred to as mass negative eigenstates, which mediate the transformation between mass and flavor eigenstates. This framework naturally reproduces the tribimaximal mixing structure and yields a PMNS matrix with elements close to those obtained using global fits. Neutrino oscillation probability predictions were further compared with results from the Tokai-to-Kamioka (T2K) and Daya Bay collaborations. While the proposed model captures key structural lepton mixing features, a deviation of approximately −3σ in sin²(2θ₁₃) highlights its limitations in terms of reproducing current data. This discrepancy may indicate the involvement of additional mechanisms or physics beyond the current framework. Future theoretical refinements and more precise experimental tests are crucial to assess whether the Koide--Brannen framework can serve as a meaningful step toward a deeper understanding of neutrino phenomenology.

Abstract: We propose a non-perturbative quantum gravity framework using quantum vortices (statistical average topological structures of microscopic particles) embedded in AdS/CFT holographic duality, resolving black hole singularities without renormalization. Thus, this constitutes a singularity-resolution mechanism grounded in physical processes rather than mathematical techniques. The quantum vortex field generates a repulsive potential within the critical radius r∗ ≈ 8.792 × 10⁻¹¹m, dynamically preventing matter from reaching r = 0 and avoiding curvature divergence. The derived Huang metric (Schwarzschild metric with quantum corrections) enables parameter-free prediction of black hole shadow angular diameters, without post-observation fitting of Kerr black hole spin. Observational verification shows: the theoretical shadow of Sgr A* is 53.3 μas (EHT: 51.8 ± 2.3 μas), and that of M87* is 46.2 μas (EHT: 42 ± 3 μas), resolving contradictions of the Kerr model. This framework unifies singularity elimination, information conservation, and shadow prediction, providing a testable quantum gravity paradigm.

Abstract: The realization of faster-than-light (FTL) travel in general relativity is usually blocked by two obstacles: the need for exotic matter and the risk of causality violation. This paper develops a class of candidate FTL solutions in the form of a warp drive sourced entirely by quantum information, within the Causal-Symmetric Informational Framework (CSIF). Instead of postulating negative energy from quantum fields, the model introduces an informational stress–energy tensor derived from a covariant k-essence–type Lagrangian and an informational equation of state in which the effective energy density is proportional to an informational conductivity and a relative-entropy–based measure of negentropy. In a minimal k-essence realization, the model achieves controlled violation of the null energy condition while keeping the sound speed luminal (cs² = 1), thus avoiding ghost and gradient instabilities. The paper specifies an Alcubierre-type warp metric whose wall region is sourced by this informational sector and derives a scaling law for the minimum relative entropy required for superluminal travel, showing that it grows quadratically with bubble radius and velocity and inversely with wall thickness. A chronology protection conjecture is formulated, based on the monotonic gradient of the informational conductivity, yielding a sufficient condition for global hyperbolicity of the warp spacetime. Overall, the work shifts the central challenge from unknown exotic matter to Planck-scale quantum-informational engineering and provides a formally consistent pathway by which FTL warp configurations can, in principle, be embedded within general relativity without abandoning its geometric structure.

Abstract: In the present paper, Probability weighted moments (PWMs) method for parameter estimation of the median based unit weibull (MBUW) distribution is discussed. The most widely used first order PWMs is compared with the higher order PWMs for parameter estimation of (MBUW) distribution. Asymptotic distribution of this PWM estimator is derived. This comparison is illustrated using real data analysis.

Abstract: The emergence and persistence of life pose a profound paradox: abiogenesis appears statistically almost impossible under standard physical chemistry, yet once present, living systems exhibit remarkable long-term stability against entropic decay. Here we propose that both phenomena can be explained by the action of a hitherto unobserved informational reservoir that subtly “leaks” into biological systems, biasing microstate probabilities in real time. While quantum coherence and nonlocality currently represent the most plausible physical substrates, the hypothesis deliberately remains agnostic about the ultimate origin of this reservoir. Crucially, the transfer need not be intentional; it may constitute an unintended “crosstalk” across an ontological boundary—analogous to sound leaking through a wall between apartments. This framework offers a strictly naturalistic alternative to intelligent design theories while generating falsifiable predictions distinguishable from both pure chance and directed panspermia.

Abstract: In late November 2025, over 1,000 mm of precipitation fell within four days across North Sumatra, triggering widespread landslides and flooding in the West Block of the Batang Toru ecosystem, the core habitat of the critically endangered Tapanuli orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis), estimated to contain 581 individuals (95%CI [180–1,201]) prior to the event [1]. Using pre- and post-event Sentinel-2 and PlanetScope satellite imagery, we quantified the extent of forest loss. Initial analysis indicates that 3,964 hectares of previously intact forest were swept away by landslides and floods. An additional 2,487 ha of scars is extrapolated from areas that are cloud-covered in the Sentinel-2 image. These scar estimates were combined with a 1km² density surface from a 2016 survey to estimate the number of orangutans potentially affected. Our results indicate that 33-54 individuals may have been impacted, with a substantial proportion likely killed by landslides, treefall, or flooding. Given that annual mortality exceeding 1% is sufficient to drive this species to extinction, our preliminary estimate of 6.2-10.5% mortality suggests a critical demographic shock. We call upon the Indonesian government and the international community to take immediate action and provide support to ensure the survival of the Tapanuli orangutan. The government is urged to enact emergency protections, halt habitat-damaging development, and expand protected areas to restore critical lowland forest, with essential financial and technical support from the global community.

Abstract: Introduction: The African Union and regional initiatives, such as the African Food Safety Agency and the Southern African Development Community's (SADC) food safety guidelines, introduced interventions to reduce the burden of foodborne disease. However, progress in strengthening food safety regulations for small food businesses (SFBs) across SADC remains limited. Objective: to investigate the existing food safety regulations for SFBs and their compliance levels to achieve a sustainable local food system across SADC. Methodology: The PRISMA Protocol was used to review thirty-one articles collected from online databases between 2018 and 2025. Screened with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Result: Ten national health-related food laws, acts, and regulations were identified across the 16 member states of the region; all the countries have public health law except for Comoros, 87% have animal health law, and 69% have the Standard Quality Act, Consumer Protection Law, livestock and meat law, and plant-related law. South Africa and four other countries have the highest number of food-related laws, which also include the most explicit law for SFBs, known as the Foodstuffs, Cosmetics and Disinfectants Act, 1972, revised in 2018. Conditions like poor hygienic practices, inadequate cooling and storage methods, cultural beliefs, a lack of potable water, limited consumer awareness, low technology adoption, and outdated laws for SFBs, potable water, limited consumer awareness, low technology adoption, technical know-how, and old and fragmented laws affected their compliance level. The review identified better coordination, capacity building for vendors and regulators, collaborative efforts, and digital technology adoption as best practices. Conclusion: An autonomous Food Safety Agency situated under the member state's Ministry of Health with a multisectoral board for coordination. The Food Act should be aligned with SFBs' complexities, integrating innovations and a risk-based assessment.

Abstract: This study explores the concept of the woman climate as both an archetype and an analytical category, highlighting women's leadership in climate change adaptation and integrating vulnerability and transformative agency. Using a mixed methodology, it combines a systematic literature review with the development of the Vulnerability and Adaptive Capacity Index (VACI), which was applied to a case study in Puerto Ayacucho. Puerto Ayacucho, for which secondary data from CEPALSTAT revealed a high level of vulnerability (VACI = 0.73) due to poverty (60%) and dependence on natural resources (70%). A literature review was conducted to identify the historical and contemporary roles of women, while the data analysis employed min-max normalisation and Pearson correlations (e.g., r = -0.56 between vulnerability and adaptive capacity), as well as triangulation of sources, to validate the findings. The results emphasise the need for inclusive policies that strengthen women's resilience by connecting theory and practice through the VACI.

Abstract: Dosage accuracy is a critical requirement for medical devices based on cannabidiol microemulsions. Some users of NegEnt Micellar Drops, CE Medical Device, reported a shorter-than-expected duration of the bottle equipped with a pipette dropper, suggesting possible variability in drop formation. This study compares the precision and homogeneity of drops delivered by a pipette dropper versus a pharmaceutical-grade gravity dropper. Twenty subjects participated in a controlled drop-weight test, followed by a 30-day longitudinal assessment. Results show significantly lower variability with the gravity dropper (SD ±2 mg) compared to the pipette dropper (SD ±5 mg), with statistical significance (p < 0.05). The second phase confirms the stability of the gravity system over time. We conclude that the gravity dropper ensures more accurate and reproducible dosing, improving the clinical reliability of the medical device.

Abstract: As artificial intelligence systems scale in depth, dimensionality, and internal coupling, their behavior becomes increasingly governed by deep compositional transformation chains rather than isolated functional components. Iterative projection, normalization, and aggregation mechanisms induce complex operator dynamics that can generate structural failure modes, including representation drift, non-local amplification, instability across transformation depth, loss of aligned fixed points, and the emergence of deceptive or mesa-optimizing substructures. Existing safety, interpretability, and evaluation approaches predominantly operate at local or empirical levels and therefore provide limited access to the underlying structural geometry that governs these phenomena. This work introduces \emph{SORT-AI}, a projection-based structural safety module that instantiates the Supra-Omega Resonance Theory (SORT) backbone for advanced AI systems. The framework is built on a closed algebra of 22 idempotent operators satisfying Jacobi consistency and invariant preservation, coupled to a non-local projection kernel that formalizes how information and influence propagate across representational scales during iterative updates. Within this geometry, SORT-AI provides diagnostics for drift accumulation, operator collapse, invariant violation, amplification modes, reward-signal divergence, and the destabilization of alignment-relevant fixed points. SORT-AI is intentionally architecture-agnostic and does not model specific neural network designs. Instead, it supplies a domain-independent mathematical substrate for analysing structural risk in systems governed by deep compositional transformations. By mapping AI failure modes to operator geometry and kernel-induced non-locality, the framework enables principled analysis of emergent behavior, hidden coupling structures, mesa-optimization conditions, and misalignment trajectories. The result is a unified, formal toolset for assessing structural safety limits and stability properties of advanced AI systems within a coherent operator–projection framework.

Abstract: We explore a theoretical framework addressing the supernova shock revival problem through matter phase transitions during core collapse. Extending Lockyer's geometric model, we investigate how extreme compression might induce reversible energy storage in modified nucleonic states. The proposed mechanism exhibits 2:1 energy release upon decompression, naturally yielding $\sim$1\% mass-to-energy conversion, matching observed explosion energies without fine-tuning. Analytical estimates suggest that the collapse energies could reach thresholds for such transitions, potentially explaining both shock revival and the supernova/black-hole dichotomy.

Abstract: Financial time series often show periods where market index values or asset prices increase or decrease monotonically.These events are known as price runs, uninterrupted trends, or simply runs. By identifying such runs in the daily DJIA and IPC indices from 01/02/1990 to 10/17/2025, we construct their associated returns, to obtain a non-arbitrary sample of multi-scale returns, we named trend returns (TReturns). The time scale for each multi-scale return is determined by the exponentially distributed duration of its respective run. We empirically reveal that the distribution of these coarse-grained returns show interesting statistical properties: the central region displays an exponential decay, likely resulting from the exponential trend duration, while the tails follow a power-law decay. This combination of exponential central behavior and asymptotic power-law decay has also been observed in other complex systems; and our findings provide an additional evidence of its natural emergence. We also explore the informational aspects of multi-scale returns using three measures: Shannon entropy, permutation entropy and compression-based complexity. We find that Shannon entropy increases with coarse-graining, indicating a wider range of values; permutation entropy drops sharply, revealing underlying temporal patterns and compression ratios improve, reflecting suppresed randomness. Overall, these findings suggest that constructing TReturns filters out microscopic noise, reveals structureded temporal patterns, and provides a complementary and clear view of market behavior.

Abstract: Research on gut-microbiota (GM) changes in infants and children with intestinal surgical conditions, and how these changes might leverage to improve outcomes, is progressing rapidly. Nonetheless, there is a lack of information regarding the role of GM following surgery for the most prevalent intestinal pediatric disorders that necessitate surgical intervention, despite it receiving considerable interest. Pre-surgical dysbiosis and post-surgical GM assessment of these disorders are still poorly understood. This detailed review has gathered insights into the current understanding of unique alterations in GM colonization following surgery for significant childhood conditions, such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), Hirschsprung’s disease (HD), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and short bowel syndrome (SBS).In particular, surgery for NEC may result in a reduction in GM diversity. Surgical procedures for HD can alter the GM, potentially causing shifts in GM compositions and increasing the likelihood of complications such as Hirschsprung’s associated enterocolitis (HAEC). For children diagnosed with IBD, surgical interventions can bring about changes in the diversity and structure of GM, which may lead to disease recurrence or affect the success of treatment. Children with SBS, following extensive bowel resections, display abnormal GM profiles when compared to healthy children. These GM patterns may include diminished. GM diversity, an increase in inflammation-related bacteria, and a decrease in beneficial bacteria. Moreover, the most common complications that occur after surgical procedures for the above-mentioned intestinal disorders are greatly affected by the GM. Current research provides an initial understanding of the possible post-surgical implications for outcomes of these intestinal disorders. Future studies could clarify GM alterations associated with various intestinal paediatric surgical procedures and their complications, which may influence the evaluation of GM-targeted treatments.

Abstract: Sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) remains a critical barrier to advancing intermediate-temperature electrochemical energy devices. Here, we demonstrate that strain engineering in two platforms, epitaxial thin films and freestanding membranes, systematically tunes ORR kinetics in Ruddlesden-Popper LaSrCoO4. In epitaxial films, the thickness is varied to control in-plane tensile strain, whereas in freestanding membranes strain relaxation during the release step of fabrication with water soluble sacrificial layers produces flat or wrinkled architectures. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis reveals more than an order of magnitude increase in the oxygen surface exchange coefficient for tensile-strained films relative to relaxed films, together with a larger oxygen vacancy concentration. Wrinkled freestanding membranes provide a further increase in oxygen surface exchange kinetics and a lower activation energy, which are attributed to increased active surface area and local strain variation. These results identify epitaxial tensile strain and controlled wrinkling as practical design parameters for optimizing ORR activity in Ruddlesden-Popper oxides.

Abstract: Background: In healthcare, Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) offer centralized access to patient data and enable evidence-based clinical decision-making. and operational efficiency. However, they have introduced administrative burdens for the clinicians, potentially impacting job satisfaction and care quality. Despite the widespread EMR adoption in Saudi Arabia, the issue of time burden related to EMRs and the factors re-lated to it are underexplored. Objectives: To measure the average number of hours (per month and as percentage out of total monthly working hours) of EMR use among physicians and nurses, compare the mean monthly hours of EMR use between them, and identify the demographic predictors of extended hours of EMR use. Moreover, it aims to understand the perceived challenges and barriers of timely filling EMRs, and the impact of EMRs on quality of patient care. Methods: A sequential mixed-methods study was conducted at three Security Forces Hospitals in Riyadh, Dammam, and Makkah. Quantitively, a correlational cross-sectional design was used was employed with multistage stratified sampling using a validated 30-item questionnaire, and data were analyzed using differential and inferential statistics. The qualitative phase in-volved purposive sampling of ten clinicians and semi-structured interviews analyzed through thematic analysis. Results: A total of 503 professionals (162 physicians, 341 nurses) participated. Majority were females (67.2%), aged 30 to 40 years (44.9%), and non-Saudi (62%). Nurses reported significantly higher mean of EMR usage hours/day than physicians (5.43 versus 4.34 hours/day, p=0.001). Significant predictors of ex-tended EMR use include age 30-50 years, female gender, non-Saudi nationality, higher education, nursing profession, longer healthcare experience, 5-10 years EMR experi-ence, 10+ hours EMR training, and participants from Makkah. Qualitative analysis identified barriers such as infrastructure constraints, system performance and tech-nical issues, lack of IT support, and workflow and professional burden. Regarding EMR impact, they improved professional practice and patient safety, however, concerns were raised regarding adjustments in work routine Conclusion: EMR use carries con-siderable administrative burden, especially nurses when compared to physicians. Ad-dressing the identified barriers through targeted training, better system design, and improved workflows could boost efficiency and support high-quality patient care. The findings offer evidence-based insights to guide policy and system-level improvements.