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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1335.v1

Factors Associated with Late Diagnosis of HIV/AIDS in a University Hospital in Brazil: Challenges to Achieving the 2030 Target

Ligia Maria Nascimento Arantes, Andrey Oeiras Pedroso, Mayra Gonçalves Menegueti, Elucir Gir, Eliã Pinheiro Botelho, Ana Cristina de Oliveira e Silva, Renata Karina Reis

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Clinical Medicine Keywords: HIV; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; late diagnosis; Nursing

Online: 19 July 2023 (11:40:18 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0491.v1

CMV-Specific Immune Reconstitution after Allogenic Stem Cell Transplantation: Central Role of Specific IgG in Immunodefense Against CMV Reactivation as a Leading Parameter during Profound and Long-Lasting Immune Deficiency

Przemyslaw Zdziarski

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: cytomegalovirus (CMV); infection, reactivation, epidemiology, host-virus interaction, CMV-specific IgG; protective IgG level, avidity, adoptive/acquired immune response, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT); secondary immunodeficiency, Quantiferon, pentamer, β2-microglobulin/beta 2-Microglobulin

Online: 22 October 2018 (11:53:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201908.0062.v1

In Vivo Administration of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Increases the Immune Effectiveness of Dendritic Cell-Based Cancer Vaccination

Shigetaka Shimodaira, Ryu Yanagisawa, Terutsugu Koya, Koichi Hirabayashi, Yumiko Higuchi, Takuya Sakamoto, Misa Togi, Tomohisa Kato Jr, Takashi Kobayashi, Tomonobu Koizumi, Shigeo Koido, Haruo Sugiyama

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: dendritic cell; cancer vaccine; vaccination; acquired immunity; granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; tetramer analysis

Online: 5 August 2019 (12:35:50 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0031.v1

Novel Therapeutic Trends in Pneumonia: Antibiotics and Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Jennifer Ly, Qi Chu, Li Zhong

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Community-Acquired Pneumonia; Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia; COVID-19; Antibiotics; Mes-enchymal Stem Cells; Corticosteroids

Online: 1 April 2021 (16:18:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1592.v1

Community-Acquired, Bacteraemic Acinetobacter baumannii Pneumonia: A retrospective review of cases in Tropical Queensland, Australia

Timothy Riddles, Daniel Judge

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Tropical Medicine Keywords: Acinetobacter; pneumonia; community-acquired; tropical; infection; bacteramic

Online: 24 July 2023 (11:02:23 CEST)

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Preprint TECHNICAL NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0825.v1

Inducing Cough Reflex by Capsaicin Spray Stimulation in Patients with Acquired Brain Injury: A Preliminary Test and Proof of Concept

Luisa Spezzano, Maria Daniela Cortese, Maria Quintieri, Loris Pignolo, Paolo Tonin, Lucia Francesca Lucca, Rocco Salvatore Calabrò, Giovanni Morone, Antonio Cerasa

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy And Rehabilitation Keywords: Cough Reflex; Acquired Brain Injury; capsaicin; dysphagia

Online: 12 June 2023 (10:42:59 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0563.v1

The Incidence of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in the Elderly Population of the United States of America: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Ryan Sadjadi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Community-acquired pneumonia; incidence; prophylaxis; pneumococcal; vaccination

Online: 24 May 2021 (10:52:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201906.0183.v1

Risk and Prognostic Factors in Very Old Patients with Sepsis Secondary to Community-Acquired pneumonia

Catia Cilloniz, Cristina Dominedò, Antonella Ielpo, Miquel Ferrer, Albert Gabarrus, Denise Battaglini, Jesus Bermejo-Martin, Andrea Meli, Carolina Garcia-Vidal, Adamanthia Liapikou, Mervyn Singer, Antoni Torres

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Clinical Medicine Keywords: sepsis; community-acquired pneumonia; very old, pneumonia

Online: 19 June 2019 (10:00:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0896.v1

Evaluating Healthcare-Associated Infections in Public Hospitals: A cross-sectional Study

Daniela Iancu, Iuliu Moldovan, Brîndușa Țilea, Septimiu Voidăzan

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Hospital-acquired infections, colonization; infection; risk factors; antibiotics

Online: 14 November 2023 (10:04:55 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.1272.v1

The Role of Working Memory in Adult Aphasic Reading Comprehension

Orsolya Kis, Fanni Földi, Katalin Jakab, Péter Klivényi, János Steklács

Subject: Social Sciences, Cognitive Science Keywords: adult reading; working memory; aphasia; acquired reading disorder

Online: 30 April 2023 (09:36:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1704.v1

A Comparative Investigation of Chemical Decontamination Methods for In Situ Cleaning of Dental Implant Surfaces

Badra Hussain, Sadia Khan, Anne Eriksson Agger, Jan Eirik Ellingsen, Ståle Petter Lyngstadaas, Jaime Bueno, Håvard J Haugen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dentistry And Oral Surgery Keywords: dental implant; acquired pellicle; peri-implant disease; chemical decontamination

Online: 25 June 2023 (03:23:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1937.v1

Real-World Data Analysis of Patients Affected by Acquired Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura in Italy

Emanuele Angelucci, Andrea Artoni, Luana Fianchi, Melania Dovizio, Biagio Iacolare, Stefania Saragoni, Luca Degli Esposti

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Hematology Keywords: acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura; caplacizumab; epidemiology; mortality; real-world evidence

Online: 27 January 2024 (10:54:56 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1840.v1

Kinetics of C-reactive Protein and Procalcitonin in the Early Identification of ICU-Acquired Infections in Critically Ill COVID19 Patients

José Pedro Cidade, Luís Coelho, Pedro Póvoa

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Other Keywords: COVID19; Biomarkers; CRP; PCT; modeling analysis; ICU-acquired infections; Monitoring

Online: 28 August 2023 (09:49:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201710.0058.v1

Presence of Legionella spp. in Hot Water Networks of Different Italian Residential Buildings: A Three-Year Survey

Michele Totaro, Paola Valentini, Anna Laura Costa, Lorenzo Frendo, Alessia Cappello, Beatrice Casini, Mario Miccoli, Gaetano Privitera, Angelo Baggiani

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Legionella; residential buildings; water risk; community-acquired Legionnaire’s disease cases

Online: 10 October 2017 (03:33:02 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0465.v1

Preventing Laboratory-acquired Brucellosis in the Era of MALDI-TOF Technology and Molecular Tests

Pablo Yagupsky

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: laboratory-acquired brucellosis; prevention; biosafety; cultures; identification; biochemical tests; MALDI-TOF; FISH; laboratory-acquired brucellosis; prevention; biosafety; cultures; identification; biochemical tests; MALDI-TOF; FISH

Online: 20 July 2020 (09:38:57 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1282.v1

Metagenomic Direct Diagnosis of Polymicrobial Community-Acquired Meningoencephalitis in Niger: A Case Report

Abdourahamane Yacouba, Moumouni Garba, Boubacar Marou Soumana, Sahada Moussa Saley, Aboubacar Samaila, Abdoulaye Ousmane, Ahmed Olowo-okere, Souleymane Brah, Mamane Daou, Mahamadou Doutchi, Eric Adehossi, Saidou Mamadou, Madjid Morsli

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: metagenomic; community-acquired infections; meningoencephalitis; cerebrospinal fluid; coinfection; unknown origin fever

Online: 17 August 2023 (09:36:29 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0052.v1

Acquired Intergenic ANK3-RET Fusion as a Pralsetinib-Responsive Mechanism of Resistance to Osimertinib in EGFR-Mutated NSCLC

Edyta Maria Urbanska, Jens Benn Sørensen, Linea Cecilie Melchior, Junia Cardoso Costa, Eric Santoni-Rugiu

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: RNA-based NGS; EGFR mutated NSCLC; acquired resistance; RET-fusion; rebiopsy

Online: 2 November 2021 (22:19:36 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0573.v1

Epidemiological and Microbiological Aspects of Health Care-associated Infections in Ukraine During the 2009–2019 Period

Yulian Konechnyi, Marta Panas, Iryna Tymchuk, Roksolana Konechna, Olena Borysiuk, Iryna Hubytska, Lesya Zhurakhivska, Olena Korniychuk

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: healthcare-associated infections; HCAIs; hospital acquired infections; nosocomial infections; statistical analysis

Online: 24 September 2020 (08:19:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0413.v1

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Standard Infection Control Precautions among Health-care Workers in a Hospital in Qassim, Saudi Arabia: a Cross-sectional Survey

Adil Abalkhail, Mahmudul Hassan Al Imam, Yousif Mohammed Elmosaad, Mahmoud F Jaber, Khaled Al Hosis, Fahad A Alhumaydhi, Thamer Alslamah, Ilias Mahmud

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Nursing Keywords: Hospital-acquired infections; infection control; standard precautions; health-care workers; Saudi Arabia

Online: 27 October 2021 (13:32:09 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201902.0079.v1

Gene therapy approaches to functional cure and protection of hematopoietic potential in HIV infection

Tetsuo Tsukamoto

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: human immunodeficiency virus; acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells; gene therapy

Online: 8 February 2019 (09:31:14 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.2008.v1

Fluoroquinolones Resistance among Uropathogens Causing Community Acquired Urinary Tract Infections: A Systematic Review

Ana P. Ruiz-Lievano, Fernando Cervantes-Flores, Alessandro Nava Torres, Paulo J. Carbajal-Morales, Luisa F. Villaseñor-Garcia, Maria G. Zavala-Cerna

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: fluoroquinolone resistance; urinary tract infections; systematic review; Escherichia coli; community acquired bacterial infection

Online: 25 July 2024 (09:43:20 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1424.v1

The Past, Present and Future of Plant Activator Targeting Salicylic Acid Signal Pathway

Misbah Naz, Dongqin Zhang, Kangcen Liao, Xulong Chen, Nazeer Ahmed, Jing-Jiang Zhou, Zhuo Chen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: plant activator; salicylic acid signal pathway; systemic acquired resistance; plant resistance; action mechanism

Online: 17 July 2024 (11:39:53 CEST)

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Plant activators have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional pesticides for crop disease manage-ment due to their unique mode of action. By priming the plant's innate immune system, these compounds can induce systemic acquired resistance against a broad spectrum of pathogens without directly inhibiting their proliferation. Key advantages of plant activators include prolonged defense activity, lower effective dosages, and negligible risk of developing pathogen resistance. Among the various defensive pathways tar-geted, the salicylic acid (SA) signaling cascade has been extensively explored, leading to the successful devel-opment of commercial activators like benzothiadiazole for widespread application in crop protection. While the action sites of many SA-targeting activators have been preliminarily mapped to different steps along the pathway, a comprehensive understanding of their precise mechanisms remains elusive. This review provides a historical perspective on plant activator development and outlines diverse screening strategies employed across multiple levels, from whole-plant bioassays to molecular and transgenic approaches. We expound on the intricate components, biological relevance, and regulatory circuits governing the SA pathway, while criti-cally examining the structural features, bioactivities, and proposed modes of action of classical activators such as benzothiadiazole derivatives, salicylic acid analogs, and other small molecules. Insights from field trials as-sessing their practical applicability are also discussed. Furthermore, we highlight the current status, challenges, and future prospects in the realm of SA-targeting activator development globally, with a focus on recent en-deavors in China. Collectively, this comprehensive review aims to synthesize existing knowledge and provide a roadmap for future research toward developing more potent and mechanistically understood plant activa-tors that fortify crop immunity against disease.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0278.v1

CT Imaging Findings of Pulmonary Artery Stenosis: A Pictorial Review

Mengdi Zhang, Li Chen, Chao Bu, Hanxi Zhang, Jing Luo, Jing Wang, Qihua Sun, Zhonghua Sun, Qingyu Liu, Yu Li

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: Pulmonary artery stenosis; congenital and acquired anomalies; Computed tomography pulmonary angiography; differential diagnosis

Online: 3 July 2024 (10:40:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1555.v1

Size-Dependent Disease Resistance Enhancement of Hollow Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles in Cowpea Plant Involved in Salicylic Acid Mediated Systemic Acquired Resistance for Fusarium Wilt Control

Chaopu Ding, Yunfei Zhang, Chongbin Chen, Junfang Wang, Mingda Qin, Yu Gu, Shujing Zhang, Lanying Wang, Yanping Luo

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Nanotechnology Keywords: hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles; cowpea resistance; Fusarium wilt; salicylic acid; systemic acquired resistance

Online: 27 February 2024 (14:00:28 CET)

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In agriculture, soil-borne fungal pathogens, especially Fusarium oxysporum strains, are posing a serious threat to efforts to achieve global food security. In the search for safer agrochemicals, silica nanoparticles (SiO2NPs) have recently been proposed as a new tool to alleviate pathogen damage including Fusarium wilt. Hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSNs), a unique class of SiO2NPs, have been widely accepted as a desired pesticide carrier. However, their role in enhancing the disease resistance and the specific mechanism remain unknown. In this study, three sizes of HMSNs (19, 96 and 406 nm as HMSNs–19, HMSNs–96 and HMSNs–406, respectively) were synthesized and characterized to determine their effects on seed germination, seedling growth, and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseolus (FOP) suppression in cowpea roots by foliar spray using phenotypes, fresh biomass and disease progression as indicators. The results revealed that three HMSNs exhibited no adverse impacts on seed germination and tended to improve plant growth. Also, they exert their FOP suppression with a size- and concentration-dependent manner. HMSNs–406 possessed the best control effect at a concentration of 1000 mg/L showing an upto 40.00% decline in the disease severity. The Si(OH)4 control was also effective on FOP suppression at a lower concentration of 100 mg/L, whereas its higher concentrations exhibited obviously adverse impacts on FOP control, seed germination and plant growth. Moreover, we conformed that HMSNs posed their Fusarium wilt suppression in cowpea plant by activating SA (salicylic acid)-dependent SAR (systemic acquired resistance) responses rather than directly suppressing FOP. A higher level of SA content and elevated expression of its maker genes of PR-1 and PR-5 in HMSNs–406 treated cowpea roots provided substantial evidences of this mode of action. Other resistance-related genes, as well as defense-responsive enzymes, were also involved in the HMSNs-activated SAR pathway. Overall, for the first time, our results extended a new role of HMSNs as a potent elicitor to serve as a versatile alternative for plant disease protection of low cost, highly efficiency and sustainability.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.2163.v1

Prevalence of Hospital-Acquired Infections in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Alex Odoom, Patience Borkor Tetteh-Quarcoo, Eric S. Donkor

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Primary Health Care Keywords: Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs); prevalence; low- and middle-income countries (LMICs); hospitalized; meta-analysis

Online: 27 September 2024 (10:30:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1855.v1

Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli with Analysis of Impact of Socio-Economic Factors in Low, Medium and High-Income Countries

Meher Rizvi, Maria Khan, Amina AL Jardani, Ujjala Ghoshal, Zaaima AL Jabri, Mohammad Ahanjan, Azza AL Mamari, Nawal AL Shizawi, Hiba Sami, Abdullah Balkhair, Adila Shaukat, Alwarith Nasser Salem Alkharusi, Abdulrahman Almahrouqi, Afreenish Hassan, Ajay Kumar, Amal Malehi, Amina Gul, Ashima Singh, Asma Said Hamed AL Shidhani, Areena Hoda Siddiqui, Aruna Poojary, Azza AL Rashdi, Bradley Langford, Dmytro Stepanskyi, Abbas Dolatabadi, Aisha Al Mufraji AL Mufraji, Elham Said Ahmed AL Risi, Garima Kapoor, Isabella Princess, Hatim Ali Eltahir, Hilal Al Sidairi, Kaitlyn Dougherty, Katia Iskandar, Ken Masters, Ibrahim Khalaf Hamdan AL Busaidi, Laila AL Yazidi, Mahfuza Nasrin, Mahmood Salim AL Subhi, Mallika Sengupta Mallika Sengupta, Manisha Khandait, Nada Khalfan AL Tamtami, Nada Khafan Alsiyabi, Nawal AL Kindi, Nazla Musthafa Luthfee, Neha Shreshtha, Nihal Mohamed Amur AL Riyami, Noora Hilal Ali AL Busaidi, Nupur Goel, Oksana Ishchenko, Omnia Mohamed Elnabawy Ahmed Taher, Pragnya Paramita Jena, Rajni Ekadashi, Razan Zadjali, Reba Kanungo, Sara Abolghasemi, Salima Al-maqbali, Sanjay Jaju, Sayantan Banerjee, Shadma Yaqoob, Shahnaz Sali, Shafqat Husnain Khan, Shalini Malhotra, Stephen Hughes, Sundas Shaukat, Syed Mohammed Atif, Vrushali Vishwas Patwardhan, Victorien Dougnon, Wahid Khan, Walid Wali, Zakariya AL Muharrmi, Zeeshana Basit, Jasashree Choudhury, Rachita Pravalina, Sanjeev Singh, Sarman Singh, Neelam Taneja, Raman Sardana, Pawan Kapoor, Rajeev Soman, Rashid Al Abri

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: community acquired UTI; Escherichia coli; antimicrobial susceptibility; Indian subcontinent; MENA; GDP; temperature

Online: 24 September 2024 (12:32:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0141.v1

Molecular Characterization and Antibiogram of Acinetobacter Baumannii Clinical Isolates Recovered From the Patients With Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

Saleem Mohd, Azharuddin Sajid Syed Khaja, Ashfaq Hossain, Fahaad Alenazi, Kamaleldin B. Said, Soha Abdallah Moursi, Homoud Abdulmohsin Almalaq, Hamza Sharif Mohamed, Ehab Rakha

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Acinetobacter baumannii; XDR; IMP-1; VIM-2; NDM-1; VAP; ICU; Hospital-acquired infections

Online: 9 June 2022 (10:58:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0058.v1

Needlestick and Sharp Injuries among Hospital Healthcare Workers: An Infection Control Challenge in Saudi Arabia

Adil Abalkhail, Russell Kabir, Yousif Mohammed Elmosaad, Ameen S. S. Alwashmi, Fahad A. Alhumaydhi, Thamer Alslamah, Khalid A. Almoammar, Yasir A. Alsalamah, Ilias Mahmud

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Needlestick and other sharp injuries; hospital-acquired infection; biological hazards; infection control; occupational hazards

Online: 3 March 2022 (08:13:53 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201709.0163.v1

From Genotype to Phenotype: A Clinical Perspective for Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia

Etienne Ruppé, Abdessalam Cherkaoui, Vladimir Lazarevic, Stéphane Emonet, Jacques Schrenzel

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: next-generation sequencing; whole-genome sequencing; hospital-acquired pneumonia; antibiotic resistance; prediction; clinical metagenomics

Online: 30 September 2017 (04:49:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1789.v1

Comparing Outcomes of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Patients Discharged from General Medicine and Respiratory Units in Australia: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis

Yogesh Sharma, Arduino A Mangoni, Arduino Mangoni, Chris Horwood, Campbell Thompson

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Internal Medicine Keywords: Community-acquired pneumonia; Length of Hospital Stay; Mortality; Respiratory Unit; General Medicine Unit; Mortality; Readmissions

Online: 26 April 2024 (16:22:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0280.v2

Deficits in Voice-Identity Processing: Acquired and Developmental Phonagnosia

Claudia Roswandowitz, Corrina Maguinness, Katharina von Kriegstein

Subject: Social Sciences, Cognitive Science Keywords: phonagnosia, acquired, developmental, apperceptive, associative, voice-identity processing, speaker recognition, core-voice system, extended system

Online: 4 December 2018 (16:31:48 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0867.v1

Missed or Delayed Diagnosis of Heart Disease by the General Pediatrician

Ageliki A Karatza, Sotirios Fouzas, Despoina Gkentzi, Eirini Kostopoulou, Nikoleta Oikonomou, Gabriel Dimitriou, Xenophon Sinopidis

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: congenital heart disease; acquired heart disease; children; diagnostic errors; missed diagnosis; delayed diagnosis; primary care pediatrician

Online: 17 March 2024 (16:01:57 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0152.v1

Catheter-associated Urinary Tract Infection in Intensive Care Unit Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Saleem Mohd, Azharuddin Sajid Syed Khaja, Ashfaque Hossain, Fahaad Alenazi, Kamaleldin B. Said, Soha Abdallah Moursi, Homoud Abdulmohsin Almalaq, Hamza Mohamed, Ehab Rakha, Sunit Kumar Mishra

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI); Klebsiella pneumoniae; Hospital-acquired infections; Proteus mirabilis; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; antibiogram

Online: 10 June 2022 (07:53:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0285.v1

Usefulness of a Concept Called Autonomous Selection

Idan S. Solon

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: extended evolutionary synthesis; inheritance of acquired characters; stress-induced mutagenesis; fitness-dependent sex; horizontal gene transfer

Online: 25 July 2019 (08:24:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1680.v1

Antibacterial Activity of Brass against Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria Following Repeated Exposure to Hydrogen Peroxide/Peracetic Acid and Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

Emilie Dauvergne, Corinne Lacquemant, Catherine Mullié

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Keywords: brass; copper; stainless steel; antibacterial activity; peracetic acid; hydrogen peroxide; quaternary ammonium; disinfectant; hospital acquired infection.

Online: 24 June 2024 (13:59:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0237.v1

Prevalence, Resistance Profiles and Factors Associated with Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital: A Retrospective Study

Fahad Lwigale, Daniel Kibombo, Simon Dembe Kasango, Dickson Tabajjwa, Joseph Kungu, John Bosco Kalule, Morgan Otita, Francis Kakooza, Immaculate Nabukenya, Jonathan Mayito, Innocent B. Rwego

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: skin and soft-tissue infections; antimicrobial resistance; multidrug-resistance; hospital-acquired infections; global antimicrobial resistance surveillance system

Online: 5 February 2024 (07:28:57 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0108.v1

Spermidine Binding to the Acetinobacter baumannii Efflux Protein AceI Observed by Near-UV Synchrotron Radiation Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy

Simon Patching

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Acinetobacter baumannii; antimicrobial resistance; circular dichroism spectroscopy; efflux protein; efflux pump; foodborne pathogen; hospital-acquired infection; polyamine

Online: 10 January 2022 (12:19:07 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1643.v1

Diversity, Distribution, and Resistance Profiles of Bacterial Bloodstream Infections in Three Tertiary Referral Hospitals in Rwanda between 2020 and 2022

Misbah Gashegu, Vedaste Ndahindwa, Edson Rwagasore, Albert Tuyishime, Clarisse Musanabaganwa, Noel Gahamanyi, Isabelle Mukagatare, Djibril Mbarushimana, Christopher Aird Green, Tafadzwa Dzinamarira, Ayman Ahmed, Claude Mambo Muvunyi

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Integrated transdisciplinary multisectoral One Health Strategy; AMR stewardship; Gram-negative Bacteria; Gram-positive Bacteria; health facility-acquired infection

Online: 22 July 2024 (09:41:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0971.v1

Diagnostic of Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia Using Passive Medical Microwave Radiometry (MWR)

Berik Emilov, Aleksander Sorokin, Meder Seiitov, Tulegen Chubakov, Sergey Vesnin, Igor Goryanin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: 2019-nCoV; COVID-19; RT-PCR; SARS-CoV-2; Community-acquired pneumonia; Chest CT; microwave radiometry; temperature measurement

Online: 26 April 2023 (08:02:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0243.v1

Patients with Community Acquired Pneumonia Exhibit Depleted Vitamin C Status and Elevated Oxidative Stress

Anitra C. Carr, Emma Spencer, Liane Dixon, Steve Chambers

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: vitamin C; ascorbic acid; ascorbate; pneumonia; community acquired pneumonia; oxidative stress; protein carbonyls; hypovitaminosis C; vitamin C deficiency

Online: 15 April 2020 (10:12:26 CEST)

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Pneumonia is a severe lower respiratory tract infection that is a common complication and a major cause of mortality of the vitamin C-deficiency disease scurvy. This suggests an important link between vitamin C status and lower respiratory tract infections. Due to the paucity of information on the vitamin C status of patients with pneumonia, we assessed the vitamin C status of 50 patients with community-acquired pneumonia and compared these with 50 healthy community controls. The pneumonia cohort comprised 44 patients recruited through the Acute Medical Assessment Unit (AMAU) and 6 patients recruited through the intensive care unit (ICU); mean age 68 ± 17 years, 54% male. Clinical, microbiological and haematological parameters were recorded. Blood samples were tested for vitamin C status using HPLC with electrochemical detection and protein carbonyl concentrations, a marker of oxidative stress, using ELISA. Patients with pneumonia had depleted vitamin C status compared with healthy controls (23 ± 14 µmol/L vs 56 ± 24 µmol/L, P <0.001). The more severe patients in the ICU had significantly lower vitamin C status than those recruited through AMAU (11 ± 3 µmol/L vs 24 ± 14 µmol/L, P = 0.02). The total pneumonia cohort comprised 62% with hypovitaminosis C and 22% with deficiency, compared with only 8% hypovitaminosis C and no cases of deficiency in the healthy controls. The pneumonia cohort also exhibited significantly elevated protein carbonyl concentrations compared with the healthy controls (P < 0.001), indicating enhanced oxidative stress in the patients. We were able to collect subsequent samples form 28% of the cohort (mean 2.7 ± 1.7 days; range 1-7 days). These showed no significant differences in vitamin C status or protein carbonyl concentrations compared with baseline values (P = 0.6). Overall, the depleted vitamin C status and elevated oxidative stress observed in the patients with pneumonia indicates an enhanced requirement for the vitamin during their illness. Due to the important roles that vitamin C plays in the immune system, low vitamin C status is possibly both a cause and a consequence of the disease. Therefore, these patients would likely benefit from additional vitamin C supplementation to restore their blood and tissue levels to optimal. This may decrease oxidative stress and aid in their recovery.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0036.v1

An Overview of Multi-Antibiotic Resistance in Pathogenic Bacteria - From Selected Genetic and Evolutionary Aspects - A Review

András Fodor, Birhan Addisie Abate, Péter Deák, László Fodor, Michael G. Klein, László Makrai, Josephat Muvevi, Dávid Vozik

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: ESKAPE-bacteria; persistence; resistance; Intrinsic/Acquired/ Multidrug (MDR) and Pan – Resistance; genetic background; experimental evolution; collateral sensitivity; agrocin

Online: 2 August 2018 (06:29:07 CEST)

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The challenge posed by multi-drug resistance (MDR) of pathogenic organisms, spectacularly manifested in the 6 “ESKAPE” bacterium (two Gram-positive, four Gram-negative) species, should invoke new comprehensive strategies, and needs cooperation of scientists with medical, veterinary and natural science background. This review is aimed at informing newcomers, coming from the field of biology and genetics, about problems related to rapidly emerging, new multi-drug resistant, pathogenic, bacteria. Unlike persistence, the antibiotic resistance is inherited. A functioning “resistance gene” makes a susceptible organism resistant to a given antibiotic, encoding for polypeptides capable of acting either as decomposing enzymes, or acting as trans-membrane pumps, or membrane structure components capable of modifying the permeability implementing a «by pass» mechanism enabling the antibiotic molecule to reach its cellular target(s). A functioning “sensitivity gene” encode for a polypeptide, capable (directly or indirectly) of transferring toxic molecules into target cells, or of metabolizing non-transferable to transferable, or non-toxic molecules to toxic derivatives. A gene of a normal function could act as a “sensitivity” gene in the presence of antibiotics of chemical structures similar to the natural substrate of the gene product, (enzyme or binding/ trans-membrane protein). The Agrocin 84 story is a good example. Multi-drug resistance is a phenotypic consequence of the sequential accumulation of mutations, and/or up-take of plasmids or genomic islands carrying resistance genes from the environment via horizontal gene transfer, mediated by conjugative plasmid or bacteriophage carrying mobile genetic elements. Both multi-drug resistance and collateral sensitivity are evolutionary products. Some revealed evolutionary process and their Lamarckian and Darwinian interpretations are discussed. Toolkits of comparative full-genome sequencing, genomics, experimental evolution and population genetics may provide perspectives for overcoming the invincibility of multi-drug panresistance. The status of some recently emerging pathogenic bacterium species with zoonic features and of veterinary background is also discussed.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2086.v1

The Global Burden of Community-Acquired Pneumonia, Encompassing Invasive Pneumococcal Disease and the Prevalence of Its Associated Cardiovascular Events, With a Focus on Pneumolysin and Macrolide Antibiotics in Pathogenesis and Therapy

Ronald Anderson, Charles Feldman

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: community-acquired pneumonia; cardiovascular events; dendritic cells; macrolides; macrophages; mannose receptor C-type1; platelets; pneumolysin; pro-inflammatory cytokines; Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Online: 30 May 2023 (08:27:31 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Cytomegalovirus-Associated Venous and Arterial Thrombotic Disease

Amar Kelkar, Brian Loc, Michael Tarantino, Anita Rajasekhar, Huaping Wang, Mona Kelkar, John Farrell

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Acquired Coagulation Disorders; Arterial thrombosis; prophylaxis; diagnosis; and treatment; Infections in immunocompromised hosts; Viral Infection; Venous thromboembolism; prophylaxis; diagnosis; treatment

Online: 16 October 2020 (12:09:23 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0360.v1

Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) Strategies According to the Type of Multidrug Resistant (MDR) Bacteria and Candida Auris in Intensive Care (ICU): A Pragmatic Resume, Pathogens R0, and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

Chiara Fanelli, Laura Pistidda, Pierpaolo Terragni, Daniela Pasero

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: Infection prevention and control; hospital-acquired infections; outbreak; multidrug resistant bacteria; acinetobacter baumanii; candida auris; vre; kpc; basic reproduction number; decolonization

Online: 3 July 2024 (16:11:20 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0362.v1

Trend Analysis of Tuberculosis Cases and the Effect of HIV Cases on Tuberculosis Cases in Some West African Countries Using Panel Poisson and Negative Binomial Regression Models

Monday Osagie Adenomon, Gbenga Solomom Akinyemi

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Probability And Statistics Keywords: tuberculosis (TB); human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS); World Health Organization (WHO); panel data; poisson; negative binomial; regression

Online: 31 October 2019 (04:33:45 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0346.v1

Factors That Enhanced Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV in Nasarawa State of Nigeria Using Logistic, Poisson and Negative Binomial Regression Models

Monday Osagie Adenomon, David Usman

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Probability And Statistics Keywords: Prevention of Mother-to-Child transmission (PMTCT); Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV); Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDs); Poisson; negative binomial; logistic; regression

Online: 30 October 2019 (04:06:36 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0342.v1

Application of Poisson Autoregressive and Poisson Exponential Weighted Moving Average Models on the Prevalence of Some Infectious Diseases in Jos, Nigeria

Monday Osagie Adenomon, Esther Temidayo Fagbemi

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Probability And Statistics Keywords: Tubercolusis (TB); Poisson Autoregressive (PAR); Poisson Exponentially Weighted Moving Average Model (PEWMA); Hepatitis; Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV); Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDs)

Online: 29 October 2019 (15:51:16 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0009.v1

Potential Utility of a 4th Generation EGFR-TKI and Exploration of Resistance Mechanisms – an In Vitro Study

Shota Fukuda, Kenichi Suda, Akira Hamada, Hana Oiki, Shuta Ohara, Masaoki Ito, Junichi Soh, Tetsuya Mitsudomi, Yasuhiro Tsutani

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: EGFR mutation; osimertinib; acquired resistance; secondary mutations; novel drugs; non-small cell lung cancer; epithelial to mesenchymal transition; MET gene amplification; Ba/F3 cells

Online: 4 June 2024 (02:53:41 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0709.v1

Multi-Drug-Resistance in Drug-Naive and Drug-Exposed Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines Responds Differently to Cell Culture Dimensionality

Vasilij Koshkin, Mariana Bleker de Oliveira, Chun Peng, Laurie Aiiles, Geoffrey Liu, Allan Covens, Sergey N. Krylov

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: intrinsic multi-drug resistance; acquired multi-drug resistance; circulating tumor cells; single cells; cell clusters; cell monolayer; multi-cellular spheroids; cytometry of reaction rate constant; ovarian cancer

Online: 30 July 2020 (09:01:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0082.v1

Has Hand Hygiene Compliance in Two Tertiary Care Hospitals, Freetown, Sierra Leone, Improved in 2023 Following Operational Research in 2021?

Matilda Mattu Moiwo, Gladys Nanilla Kamara, Dauda Kamara, Ibrahim Franklyn Kamara, Stephen Sevalie, Zikan Koroma, Kadijatu Nabie Kamara, Matilda N. Kamara, Rugiatu Z. Kamara, Satta Sylvia T.K Kpagoi, Samuel Alie Konteh, Senesie Margao, Bobson Derrick Fofanah, Fawzi Thomas, Joseph Sam Kanu, Hannock M. Tweya, Hemant Deepak Shewade, Anthony David Harries

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: hand hygiene opportunities; alcohol-based hand rub; hand wash with soap and water; WHO hand hygiene observation tool; SORT IT; operational research; antimicrobial resistance; infection prevention and control (IPC); hospital acquired infections; gloves

Online: 4 July 2023 (03:21:35 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0879.v1

Neurodegeneration in Cognitive Impairment and Mood Dis-orders for Experimental, Clinical and Translational Neuropsy-chiatry

Simone Battaglia, Alessio Avenanti, László Vécsei, Masaru Tanaka

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: Alzheimer’ s disease;
Parkinson’ s disease;
aging decline;
mild cognitive impairment;
multiple sclerosis;
stroke;
psychiatric disorders;
depressive disorder;
bipolar disorder;
post-traumatic stress disorder;
anxiety disorder;
schizophrenia;
somatic symptom disorder;
autism spectrum disorder;
hyperactive attention deficit disorder;
learning disabilities;
acquired brain damage;
altered cognitive processes;
brain functional impairment;
neurocognitive disorders;
cognitive, behavioral, and functional disorders;
acquired trauma;
brain plasticity and connectivity;
non-invasive brain stimulation;
diagnosis and treatment;
functional evidence of altered cognition and connectivity

Online: 16 February 2024 (05:40:14 CET)

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