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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0577.v1

Atherosclerotic Plaque Fissuration and Clinical Outcomes in Pre-Diabetics vs. Normoglycemics Patients Affected by Asymptomatic Significant Carotid Artery Stenosis at 2 Years of Follow-Up: Role of MIcRoRNAs Modulation. The ATIMIR Study

Celestino Sardu, Piero Modugno, Gaetano Castellano, Lucia Scisciola, Michelangela Barbieri, Lella Petrella, Mara Fanelli, Gabriella Macchia, Eugenio Caradonna, Massimo Massetti, Giuseppe Paolisso, Raffaele Marfella

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: carotid atherosclerosis; pre-diabetes mellitus; microRNAs; inflammation; metformin therapy

Online: 25 February 2021 (11:43:02 CET)

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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE—Atherosclerotic plaque instability and rupture in patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (ACAS) is a leading cause of major adverse cardiac events (MACE). This could be mainly evidenced in patients with pre-diabetes. Indeed, the altered glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance could cause over-inflammation of atherosclerotic plaque, favoring its conversion to unstable phenotype with rupture and MACE. Notably, the metformin therapy reducing the metabolic distress and the inflammatory burden, could lead to reduction of MACE in ACAS patients with pre-diabetes. In this setting, microRNAs (miRs) could be used as molecular biomarkers of atherosclerosis progression, plaque rupture and worse prognosis in normoglycemics (NG) vs. pre-diabetics metformin users (PDMU) vs. pre-diabetics non metformin users (PDNMU). However, the aim of our study was to investigate a wide miRNA panel in peripheral blood exosomes from patients with ACAS divided in NG vs. PDMU vs. PDNMU, and to associate the circulating miRNA expression profiles with MACE at 2 years of follow-up after endarterectomy. METHODS—The study included 234 patients with ACAS divided in NG (n 125), PDNMU (n 73) and PDMU (n 36). The miRs’ expression profiles of circulating exosomes were determined at baseline and at 2 years of follow-up by Affymetrix microarrays from plasma samples of the patients from any study cohort. Then we collected and analyzed MACE at 2 years of follow-up in NG vs. PDMU vs. PDNMU. RESULTS—prediabetics vs. NG had over-inflammation (p<0.05) and over expressed miR 24 and miR 27 at baseline. At 2 years of follow-up PDNMU vs. NG, PDMU vs. NG and PDNMU vs. PDMU over-expressed inflammatory markers and miR 24, miR 27, miR 100, miR 126 and miR 133 (p<0.05). Finally, at follow-up end we observed a significant difference about MACE comparing PDNMU vs. NG (n 27 (36.9%) vs. n 8 (6.4%); p<0.05), PDNMU vs. PDMU (n 27 (36.9%) vs. n 6 (16.6%); p <0.05), and PDMU vs. NG (n 6 (16.6%) vs. n 8 (6.4%); p<0.05). Admission glucose values (HR 1.020, CI 95% [1.001-1.038], p 0.029), atheromatous carotid plaque (HR 5.373, CI 95% [1.251-11.079], p 0.024), and miR 24 (HR 3.842, CI 95% [1.768-19.222], p 0.011) predicted MACE at 2 years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS—Specific circulating miRs could be over-expressed in pre-diabetics and specifically in PDNMU vs. PDMU after endarterectomy. MiR24, hyperglycemia and atheromatous plaque could predict MACE at 2 years of follow-up.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201802.0165.v1

The Importance and Effectiveness of Carotid Endarterectomy in Ischaemic Stroke or TIA with Significant Carotid Stenosis

Muhammad Shohel Almamun, Mobashshereen Khan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leuco encephalopathy (CADASIL); Carotid Endarterectomy (CEA); Modified Rankin Scale (MRS); Computed Tomography(CT); Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA); Diffusion weighted Imaging (DWI); Recognition of Stroke in the Emergency Room (ROSIER) scale; Magnetic resonance Imaging (MRI); Internal Carotid Artery (ICA)

Online: 26 February 2018 (11:46:47 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1061.v1

Changes in Cognitive Functions after Carotid Endarterectomy and Carotid Stenting: A Decade-Apart Comparison

Daniel Václavík, Tomáš Hrbáč, Martin Roubec, Václav Procházka, Tomáš Jonszta, David Pakizer, Tomáš Heryán, Roman Herzig, David Školoudík

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: carotid stenosis; carotid endarterectomy; carotid artery stenting; cognitive functions

Online: 16 November 2023 (10:23:48 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0230.v1

Quantification of Carotid Intraplaque Hemorrhage: Comparison between Manual Segmentation and Semi-Automatic Segmentation on Magnetization-Prepared Rapid Acquisition with Gradient-Echo Sequences

Young Ju Song, Hyo Sung Kwak, Gyung Ho Chung, Seongil Jo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: carotid intraplaque hemorrhage; carotid atherosclerosis; semi-automatic quantification; MPRAGE

Online: 20 October 2019 (01:39:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1666.v1

Early and Long-Term Results of Simultaneous and Staged Revascularization of Coronary and Carotid Arteries

Elena Zelikovna Golukhova, Igor Yuryevich Sigaev, Milena Abrekovna Keren, Inessa Viktorovna Slivneva, Bektur Shukurbekovich Berdibekov, Nina Aleksandrovna Sheikina, Olga Sergeevna Kozlova, Valery Sergeevich Arakelyan, Irina Vasilevna Volkovskaya, Tatiana Vladimirovna Zavalikhina, Susanna Albertovna Avakova

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: coronary artery disease; carotid stenosis; coronary artery bypass grafting; carotid endarterectomy

Online: 24 January 2024 (02:50:05 CET)

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Background. Carotid artery disease is prevalent among patients with coronary heart disease. The concomitant severe lesions in the carotid and coronary arteries may necessitate either simultaneous or staged revascularization, involving coronary bypass and carotid endarterectomy. However, there is presently a lack of consensus on the optimal choice of surgical treatment tactics for patients with significant stenoses in both carotid and coronary arteries. The aim of the current study was to compare the 30-day and long-term outcomes of coronary and carotid artery revascularization surgery based on the simultaneous or staged surgical tactics. Material and Methods. The single-center, non-randomized retrospective study involved 192 patients with concurrent coronary artery disease and carotid artery stenosis ≥70%, of whom 106 patients underwent simultaneous intervention (CABG+CEA), and 86 patients underwent staged CABG/CEA. The mean time between stages ranged from 1 to 4 months (mean 1.88±0.9 months). Endpoints included death from any cause, nonfatal stroke, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (death + nonfatal MI + nonfatal stroke) within 30 days after the last intervention and in the long-term follow-up period (median follow-up - 6 years). Results: The 30-day all-cause mortality, incidence of postoperative nonfatal MI, nonfatal stroke, and MACE did not exhibit differences between the groups after single-stage and staged interventions. However, the overall risk of postoperative complications (adjusted for the risk of any complication per patient) (OR 2.214, 95% CI 0.214-0.954, p=0.034), as well as the duration of ventilatory support (p=0.004), were elevated in the group after simultaneous interventions compared with the staged intervention group. However, this difference did not result in an increased incidence of death and MACE in the group after simultaneous interventions. In the long-term follow-up period, there were no significant differences observed when comparing simultaneous or staged surgical tactics in terms of overall survival (54.9% and 62.6% in groups 1 and 2, respectively, P log-rank = 0.068), nonfatal stroke-free survival (45.6% and 33.6% in groups 1 and 2, respectively, P log-rank = 0.364), nonfatal MI-survival (57.6% and 73.5% in groups 1 and 2, respectively, P log-rank = 0.169), and MACE-free survival (7.1% and 30.2% in groups 1 and 2, respectively, P log-rank = 0.060). Risk factors associated with an unfavorable outcome included age, smoking, BMI, LV EF, and atherosclerosis of lower limb arteries. Conclusions: This study revealed no significant difference in the impact of simultaneous CABG+CEA or staged CABG/CEA on the incidence of death, stroke, MI, and MACE over a 30-day and long-term follow-up period. Although the immediate results indicated an increased risk of a complicated course (attributable to overall complications) after simultaneous CABG+CEA compared with staged CABG/CEA, this did not lead to an increase in fatal complications. Therefore, performing both tactics is deemed safe and eligible after a meticulous postoperative risk assessment.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1292.v1

Vascular Risk Factors and Carotid Atheromatous Disease in Patients over 65 Years of Age

Sónia Mateus, Vanda Pós-de-Mina, Patrícia Coelho, Francisco Rodrigues, Irene Mendes

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Carotid atherosclerosis [C10,228,140,300,200]; cardiovascular risk factors [E05,318,740,600,800,725,500,500]; carotid intima-media thickness [E01,370,350,850,150]

Online: 18 May 2023 (07:52:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1705.v1

Peri-Carotid Adipose Tissue and Atherosclerosis at Carotid Bifurcation

Joana Ferreira, Adhemar Longatto-Filho, Ana Dionísio, Margarida Correia-Neves, Pedro Cunha, Armando Mansilha

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: atherosclerosis; carotid stenosis; perivascular adipose tissue; “acute culprit”; carotid stenosis; extra-media thickness

Online: 22 December 2023 (05:02:16 CET)

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Vulnerable carotid plaques are responsible for 20% of the ischemic strokes. The identification of those asymptomatic carotid plaques that will become symptomatic is essential but remains unclear. Our main goal was to investigate whether the amount of the peri-carotid adipose tissue, estimated by the extra-media thickness (EMT) is associated with the atherosclerotic characteristics at the carotid bifurcation in patients with PAD. An observational, prospective, single-center, longitudinal study was conducted. 177 patients performed carotid Doppler-ultrasound. The following data was collected: EMT, intima-media thickness (IMT), presence of carotid plaques, area of the highest plaque, and grade of internal carotid stenosis. From each carotid bifurcation a right and left EMT was determined. We analyzed both the mean EMT (calculated as the mean between the right and the left EMT) and the EMT ipsilateral to the carotid bifurcation. The presence of carotid plaques was associated with a higher mean EMT, [Median=1.14; IQR=0.66 versus Median=0.97; IQR=0.40; p=.001]. A positive correlation was found between mean EMT and IMT (right: ρ=.20; p=.010; left: ρ=.21; p=.007) and between mean EMT and area of the largest carotid plaque (right: ρ=.17; p=.036; left: ρ=.22; p=.004). Left carotid stenosis ≥ 70% was associated with higher mean EMT. [Median=1.55; IQR=0.68 versus Median=1.00; IQR=0.46; p=.019]. Patients with “acute culprit” carotid stenosis had a higher ipsilateral EMT [Left ipsilateral EMT: Median=1.46; IQR=0.63; “non-acute”: Median=0.94; IQR=0.43; p=.009; Right ipsilateral EMT: Median=2.25; IQR=0.62; “non-acute”: Median=1.00; IQR=0.51; p=.015]. This difference was not found in the contra-lateral EMT. Six months after the neurologic event, EMT ipsilateral to an “acute culprit” carotid stenosis decreased (p=.036). The amount of peri-carotid adipose tissue, estimated with EMT was associated with atherosclerosis at the carotid arteries. In particularly EMT could be a non-invasive marker of “acute culprit” carotid stenosis, easily determined in clinical practice. These findings may have implications in personalized medicine, for the determination of the best treatment approach.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1730.v1

Molecular Pathways of Vulnerability Carotid Plaques at Risk for Ischemic Stroke: A Narrative Review

Giuseppe Miceli, Maria Grazia Basso, Chiara Pintus, Andrea Roberta Pennacchio, Elena Cocciola, Mariagiovanna Cuffaro, Martina Profita, Giuliana Rizzo, Antonino Tuttolomondo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: carotid plaque; stroke; vulnerability; inflammation

Online: 29 February 2024 (10:54:27 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0273.v1

Carotid Plaques and Hypertension on the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality

Vilma Dzenkeviciute, Tadas Adomavicius, Gabriele Tarulyte, Egidija Rinkuniene, Vytautas Kasiulevicius, Jolita Badariene

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Clinical Medicine Keywords: all-cause mortality; cardiovascular disease; carotid plaque; hypertension

Online: 5 April 2024 (03:57:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0464.v1

Intraplaque Neovascularization, CD68+ and iNOS2+ Macrophage Infiltrate Intensity Are Associated with Atherothrombosis and Intraplaque Hemorrhage in Severe Carotid Atherosclerosis

Ioan Alexandru Balmos, Mark Slevin, Klara Brînzaniuc, Adrian Vasile Mureșan, Horatiu Suciu, Gyopár Beáta Molnár, Adriana Mocian, Előd Ernő Nagy, Emőke Horváth

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: carotid atherosclerosis; macrophage; intraplaque neovascularization; atherothrombosis; intraplaque hemorrhage

Online: 7 September 2023 (10:47:14 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0880.v1

Imaging Carotid Plaque Inflammation Using Positron Emission Tomography: Emerging Role in Clinical Stroke Care, Research Applications, and Future Directions

John McCabe, Nicholas Evans, Sarah Gorey, Shiv Bhakta, James Rudd, Peter Kelly

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: inflammation; stroke; prognosis; positron emission tomography; recurrence; carotid

Online: 13 July 2023 (10:11:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0004.v1

Use of Micropatterned Thin Film Nitinol in Carotid Stents to Augment Embolic Protection

Mahdis Shayan, Brian T. Jankowitz, Puneeth Shridhar, Youngjae Chun

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Materials Science And Technology Keywords: thin film nitinol; carotid artery; micro mesh stent; micropatterning

Online: 1 November 2016 (06:54:40 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1343.v1

Subclinical Atherosclerosis Progression in Low-Risk Middle-Aged Adults: Carotid Leads Femoral in IMT Increase but not in Plaque Formation

Eva Szabóová, Alexandra Lisovszki, Alojz Rajnič, Peter Kolarčík, Peter Szabó, Tomáš Molnár, Lucia Dekanová

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: atherosclerosis; carotid artery plaque; carotid intima media thickness; femoral artery plaque; femoral intima media thickness; short-term progression of atherosclerosis; ultrasound; vascular risk

Online: 16 July 2024 (14:56:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1105.v1

Transcription Factor Regulation of Gene Expression Network by ZNF385D and HAND2 in Carotid Atherosclerosis

Ming Tan, Lars Juel Andersen, Niels Eske Bruun, Matias Greve Lindholm, Qihua Tan, Martin Snoer

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: Transcription factors; ZNF385D; HAND2; regulatory network; gene expression; carotid atheroma

Online: 15 January 2024 (07:51:47 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1863.v1

Update on Biomarkers Associated with Large Artery Atherosclerosis Stroke

Madalena Rosário, Ana Catarina Fonseca

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: atherosclerosis; stroke; carotid; stenosis; biomarker; plaque; lipid; inflammation; IL-6

Online: 27 June 2023 (11:00:33 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1649.v5

Acute Thrombosis Induced by Drug-Coated Balloons Dilation in Neoatherosclerosis Plaque, Successfully Treated with a MicroNet-Covered Stent: A Case Report and Literature Review

Matteo Stefanini, Luciano Maresca, Luca Ginanni Corradini, Simone Balocco, Juan Rigla, Giovanni Simonetti

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: case repor; carotid artery disease; in-stent restenosis; neoatherosclerosis; hyperplasia; thrombosis

Online: 19 August 2024 (11:35:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1166.v1

Acid-Sensing Ion Channels Immunoreactivity in Nerve Profiles and Glomus Cells of the Human Carotid Body

Graciela Martínez-Barbero, Yolanda García-Mesa, Ramón Cobo, Patricia Cuendias, Benjamín Martín-Biedma, Olivia García-Suárez, Jorge Feito, Teresa Cobo, José A. Vega

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: carotid body; glomus cells; nerves; acid-sensing ion channels; immunohistochemistry; human

Online: 20 November 2023 (07:38:39 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.2264.v1

Dietary Omega-3 PUFA Intake in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: The Association with Vitamin D Deficiency, Intima-Media Thickness and Blood Pressure

Danijela Ristic-Medic, Marija Takic, Biljana Pokimica, Brankica Terzic, Milica Kojadinovic, Toplica Lepic, Slavica Radjen, Vesna Vucic

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: omega-3; carotid intima-media thickness; chronic kidney disease; cardiovascular risk; hemodialysis

Online: 30 August 2024 (15:32:18 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1376.v1

The Association of a Single Nucleotide Variants in TNXB to Arterial Aneurysmal Diseases

Peyton Moore, Griffin Bryant, Katherine Smitherman, Mohanakrishnan Sathyamoorthy

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: TNXB; aortic aneurysm; carotid aneurysm; cerebral aneurysm; extracellular matrix; genetics; single nucleotide variants

Online: 20 August 2024 (11:02:57 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0005.v1

Neuroendocrine Carcinoma at the Sphenoid Sinus Misdiagnosed as an Olfactory Neuroblastoma and Resected Using a High-Flow Bypass

Kosuke Takabayashi, Takafumi Shindo, Tomoki Kikuchi, Katsumi Takizawa

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: skull base; high-flow bypass; sustentacular cell; endoscopic sinus surgery; internal carotid artery

Online: 4 May 2022 (12:22:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0129.v1

Minimally Invasive Cervical Styloidectomy in Stylohyoid Syndrome (Eagle Syndrome)

Jakub Bargiel, Michał Gontarz, Tomasz Marecik, Paweł Szczurowski, Krzysztof Gąsiorowski, Grażyna Wyszyńska-Pawelec, Jan Zapała

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Surgery Keywords: Eagle Syndrome; Stylalgia; Minimally Invasive Styloidectomy; MICS; Styloidectomy; Carotid Artery Syndrome; Stylohyoid Chain; Styloid Process

Online: 3 October 2023 (09:26:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0230.v1

How the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic Impacted Patients’ Care in the Vascular Surgery Divisions of the Southern Regions of the Italian Peninsula

Eugenio Martelli, Giovanni Sotgiu, Laura Saderi, Massimo Federici, Giuseppe Sangiorgi, Matilde Zamboni, Allegra Rosa Martelli, Giancarlo Accarino, Giuseppe Bianco, Francesco Bonanno, Umberto Marcello Bracale, Enrico Cappello, Giovanni Cioffi, Giovanni Colacchio, Adolfo Crinisio, Salvatore De Vivo, Carlo Patrizio Dionisi, Loris Flora, Giovanni Impedovo, Francesco Intrieri, Luca Iorio, Gabriele Maritati, Piero Modugno, Mario Monaco, Giuseppe Natalicchio, Vincenzo Palazzo, Fernando Petrosino, Francesco Pompeo, Raffaele Pulli, Davide Razzano, Maurizio Ruggero Ruggieri, Carlo Ruotolo, Paolo Sangiuolo, Gennaro Vigliotti, Pietro Volpe, Antonella Biello, Pietro Boggia, Michelangelo Boschetti, Enrico Maria Centritto, Flavia Condò, Lucia Cucciolillo, Amodio Salvatore D'Amodio, Mario De Laurentis, Claudio Desantis, Daniela Di Lella, Giovanni Di Nardo, Angelo Disabato, Ilaria Ficarelli, Angelo Gasparre, Antonio Nicola Giordano, Alessandro Luongo, Mafalda Massara, Vincenzo Molinari, Andrea Padricelli, Marco Panagrosso, Anna Petrone, Serena Pisanello, Roberto Prunella, Michele Tedesco, Alberto Maria Settembrini

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Hematology Keywords: COVID-19; carotid stenosis; abdominal aortic aneurysm; chronic limb-threatening ischemia; amputation; deep venous thrombosis

Online: 16 June 2022 (04:40:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0633.v1

Hemodynamic Changes in Supra Aortic Trunks after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation at Duplex Ultrasound Examination

Rocco Pasqua, Giampaolo Luzi, Gianluca Paternoster, Danilo Menna, Elena Orlando, Vincenzo Fioretti, Priscilla Nardi, Giulio Illuminati, Vito D’andrea, Eugenio Stabile, Andrea Esposito

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: Aortic Stenosis; Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis, Aortic Valve Repair; Surgical Aortic Valve Repair; TAVI; Duplex ultrasound

Online: 9 August 2024 (10:09:19 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1440.v1

Pediatric Carotid Injury after Blunt Trauma and the Necessity of CT and CTA – a Systematic Literature Review

Lukas Krüger, Oliver Kamp, Katharina Alfen, Jens Theyson, Marcel Dudda, Lars Becker

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Emergency Medicine Keywords: Blunt carotid injury (BCI); blunt trauma; pediatrics; CT; CTA; radiation; radiation dose; radiation risks; carcinogenesis; ultrasound

Online: 25 March 2024 (13:13:56 CET)

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Introduction Blunt carotid injuries (BCI) in pediatric trauma are quite rare. Due to the low number of cases, only a few reports and studies have been conducted on this topic. This review will discuss how frequent BCI/ BCVI on pediatric patients after blunt trauma is, what routine diagnostics look like, if a CT/ CTA scan on pediatric patients after blunt trauma is always necessary and if there are any negative health effects? Methods This literature review includes reviews, systematic reviews, case reports and original studies in english language between 1999 and 2020 that have dealt with pediatric blunt trauma and the diagnostics of BCI and BCVI. Furthermore, publications on the risk of radiation exposure on children were included in the study. For literature research, Medline (PubMed) and the Cochrane library were used. Results Pediatric BCI/ BCVI, shows an overall incidence between 0.03 – 0.5% of confirmed BCI/ BCVI cases due to pediatric blunt trauma. 1.1 – 3.5% of pediatric blunt trauma patients underwent CTA to detect BCI. Only 0.17 – 1.2% of all CTA scans shows a positive diagnosis for BCI. In children, the median volume CT dose index on a non-contrast head CT is 33 milligray, a computed tomography angiography needs at least 138 mGy. A cumulative doses of about 50 mGy almost triples the risk of leukemia, and doses of about 60 mGy triples the risk of brain cancer. Discussion Knowing that a BCI could have extensive neurologic consequences for children, it is necessary to evaluate routine pediatric diagnostics after blunt trauma. Computed tomography scans (CT) and computed tomography angiography (CTA) are mostly used in routine BCI diagnostics. However, since radiation exposure in children should be as low as reasonably achievable, it should be asked if other diagnostic methods could be used to identify risk groups. Trauma guidelines and clinical scores like the McGovern score are reflect established BCI screening options, as well as using duplex ultrasound.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1516.v1

Association Between Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Vascular Biomarkers in Primary Prevention

Michaela Kozakova, Carmela Morizzo, Giuli Jamagidze, Daniele Della Latta, Sara Chiappino, Dante Chiappino, Carlo Palombo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: lipid-lowering treatment; primary prevention; coronary calcium; intima-media thickness; arterial stiffness; carotid artery; femoral artery

Online: 22 May 2023 (11:19:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201609.0002.v1

Fractal Dimension Based Carotid Plaque Characterization from Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Images

Ran Zhou, Mingyue Ding, Yongkang Luo, Aaron Fenster

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Other Keywords: fractal dimension; carotid plaque characterization; three dimensional ultrasound; an evaluation of the vulnerability of the plaques

Online: 1 September 2016 (10:48:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1333.v1

Microfluidic Channel for Simulating Wall Shear Stress Waveforms in Carotid Bifurcation Blood Flow

Li-Jin Yuan, Yong-Jiang Li, Zheng Liu, Chun-Dong Xue, Dong Chen, Kai-Rong Qin

Subject: Engineering, Bioengineering Keywords: Carotid Sinus; Oscillatory Flow; Wall Shear Stress (WSS); Variable Cross-section Microfluidic Channel; Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Optimization

Online: 22 February 2024 (23:35:55 CET)

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Wall Shear Stress (WSS) abnormalities in carotid artery blood flow are key hemodynamic factors leading to arterial endothelial damage, atherosclerotic plaque formation, and carotid artery stenosis. Precise simulation of carotid artery blood flow WSS in vitro play an important role in understanding the underlying hemodynamic mechanism of carotid artery stenosis. This study presents a design for a microfluidic cell culture chamber with a variable cross-section and a step structure, leveraging microfluidic technology and principles of fluid dynamics. We propose an optimization strategy for microchannel dimensions based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. This strategy aims to replicate the distinct WSS waveform features found at various locations within the carotid bifurcation as observed in vivo. Our simulations indicate that with a step height of 0.09 mm, a width of 4 mm for the initial segment, and 5 mm for the subsequent wider channel, the device can effectively model the characteristics of low oscillatory WSS seen at sites of carotid sinus stenosis. Furthermore, it accurately represents the high-magnitude pulsatile WSS waveforms in the more uniform arterial sections downstream of the carotid sinus. The study also reveals that vortex formation and variations in low oscillatory WSS within the stepped section of the microchannel correlate with the step's height and width, as well as with the dimensions of the wider channel section. An increase in step width leads to a decrease in both the vortex area and the magnitude of negative WSS oscillations. When the step height is less than 0.03 mm, vortex formation is inhibited, challenging the simulation of low oscillatory WSS patterns. The variable cross-section microfluidic channel developed in this study provides a platform for simulating carotid artery WSS waveforms and facilitates research into the interplay between low oscillatory WSS at sites of carotid sinus stenosis and arterial endothelial dysfunction.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0465.v1

The Thirty-Fifth Anniversary of K+ Channels in O2 Sensing: What We Know and What We Don’t Know.

Asuncion Rocher, Philip Irving Aaronson

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: O2 sensing; carotid body; hypoxia; hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction; BKCa channel; KV channel; TASK channel; mitochondria; reactive oxygen species; redox

Online: 7 December 2023 (07:11:34 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1049.v1

Urgent Off-Label Use of Flow−Diverter Stents In the Endovascular Management of Tonsillar Loop-Associated Internal Carotid Artery Dissections Presenting with Carotid Occlusion or Near-Occlusion and Major Ischemic Stroke

José E. Cohen, Andrei Filioglo, J. Moshe Gomori, Asaf Honig, Ronen R. Leker, And Hans Henkes

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Surgery Keywords: antiplatelet therapy; cervical carotid artery; dissection; flow-diverter stent; ischemic stroke; Pipeline embolization device; stent reconstruction; tonsillar loop; tortuosity

Online: 14 June 2023 (13:40:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1365.v1

Lipid-Associated GWAS Loci Predict Antiatherogenic Effects of Rosuvastatin in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Stanislav Kononov, Iuliia Azarova, Elena Klyosova, Marina Bykanova, Mikhail Churnosov, Maria Solodilova, Alexey Polonikov

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: coronary artery disease; plasma lipids; carotid intima-media thickness; pharmacogenetics; personalized medicine; single nucleotide polymorphisms; lipid-lowering therapy; rosuvastatin.

Online: 19 May 2023 (03:26:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1980.v1

Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas L.) Fruit Extract Lowers SREBP-1c and C/EBPα in Liver and Alters Various PPAR-α, PPAR-γ, LXR-α Target Genes in Cholesterol-Rich Diet Rabbit Model

Maciej Danielewski, Andrzej Rapak, Angelika Kruszyńska, Małgorzata Małodobra-Mazur, Paweł Oleszkiewicz, Stanislaw Dzimira, Alicja Zofia Kucharska, Wojciech Słupski, Agnieszka Matuszewska, Beata Nowak, Adam Szeląg, Narcyz Piórecki, Urszula Zaleska-Dorobisz, Tomasz Sozański

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: cornelian cherry; Cornus mas L.; iridoid; anthocyanin; transcription factor; ATP-binding cassette transporter; adipokine; common carotid artery; atherosclerosis; cardiovascular disease

Online: 26 December 2023 (11:27:47 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0209.v1

Focus on the Most Common Paucisymptomatic Vasculopathic Population, from Diagnosis to Secondary Prevention of Complications

Eugenio Martelli, Iolanda Enea, Matilde Zamboni, Massimo Federici, Umberto M. Bracale, Giuseppe Sangiorgi, Allegra R. Martelli, Teresa Messina, Alberto M. Settembrini

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: diagnosis; secondary prevention; complications; abdominal aortic aneurysm; carotid stenosis; lower extremity arterial disease; popliteal artery aneurysm; renal artery stenosis; subclavian artery stenosis

Online: 4 May 2023 (07:21:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0314.v1

Evaluation of Different Cannulation Strategies for Aortic Arch Surgery Using a Cardiovascular Numerical Simulator

Beatrice De Lazzari, Massimo Capoccia, Roberto Badagliacca, Claudio De Lazzari

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Surgery Keywords: Aortic surgery; Aortic arch; Three-way cannulation approach; Carotid artery perfusion; Pressure-volume loop; Lumped parameter model; Software simulation; Cardiovascular modelling.; CARDIOSIM

Online: 20 October 2022 (14:19:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0491.v1

The Relationship between Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Serum Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein-4 and Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 in the Diabetic Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases

Abdulhalim Senyigit, Hafize Uzun, Ilhami Gultepe, Dildar Konukoglu

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: type 2 diabetes mellitus; carotid intima-media thickness; glucagon-like peptide-1; dipeptidyl peptidase-4; clusterin; amylin; secreted Frizzled-related protein-4

Online: 29 August 2018 (09:38:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1277.v1

Pulmonary Vascular Responses to Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia in a Guinea Pig Model of Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Elena Olea, Esther Valverde-Perez, Inmaculada Docio, Jesus Prieto-Lloret, Philip Irving Aaronson, Asuncion Rocher

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Systemic and pulmonary hypertension; intermittent hypoxia; hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction; carotid body; autonomic nervous system; obstructive sleep apnea; endothelial function; vessel remodeling; guinea pig

Online: 19 April 2024 (03:30:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0400.v1

Effects of Pulsatile Flow Rate and Shunt Ratio in Bifurcated Distal Arteries on Hemodynamic Characteristics Involved in Two Patient-Specific Internal Carotid Artery Sidewall Aneurysms: A Numerical Study

Hang Yi, Mark Johnson, Luke C. Bramlage, Ludwig Bryan, Zifeng Yang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Internal carotid artery sidewall aneurysm (ICASA); hemodynamic behaviors; computational fluid dynamics (CFD); pulsatile flow rate (PFR); bifurcated shunt ratio; wall shear stress (WSS); oscillatory shear index (OSI); time-averaged pressure (TAP)

Online: 30 May 2022 (11:38:31 CEST)

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