Review
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Update on Biomarkers Associated with Large Artery Atherosclerosis Stroke
Version 1
: Received: 26 June 2023 / Approved: 27 June 2023 / Online: 27 June 2023 (11:00:33 CEST)
A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.
Rosário, M.; Fonseca, A.C. Update on Biomarkers Associated with Large-Artery Atherosclerosis Stroke. Biomolecules 2023, 13, 1251. Rosário, M.; Fonseca, A.C. Update on Biomarkers Associated with Large-Artery Atherosclerosis Stroke. Biomolecules 2023, 13, 1251.
Abstract
Intracranial and extracranial large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) are a main cause of ischemic stroke. Biomarkers may aid in the diagnosis of LAA and help to stratify patients´ risk of stroke. We performed a narrative review of the literature mainly published in the last five years with the aim of identifying biomarkers associated either with intracranial or extracranial LAA in humans. Several potential biomarkers of LAA mainly related to lipid pathways and inflammation have been studied. Diagnostic biomarkers of LAA were evaluated by measuring biomarkers levels in patients with LAA stroke and other stroke etiologies. Some biomarkers were associated with prognosis of LAA stroke as evaluated by the modified Rankin score. Increased levels of IL-6 and have been associated with the risk of progression of the atherosclerotic disease. Overall, in most studies, the results were not externally validated. External validation of these results is needed. In the future, biomarkers could be useful for the selection of patients for clinical trials. To adopt these biomarkers in clinical practice we will need robust multicentric studies proving their reproduci-bility and a clear practical applicability for their use.
Keywords
atherosclerosis; stroke; carotid; stenosis; biomarker; plaque; lipid; inflammation; IL-6
Subject
Medicine and Pharmacology, Neuroscience and Neurology
Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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