Abstract: Background: Cognitive aging is highly heterogeneous, not only in performance but also in how individuals perceive their own aging. Such self-perceptions may shape emotional reactions and adaptation to memory difficulties, yet little is known about their organization in patients referred to a memory clinic for a first diagnostic consultation. The primary aim of this study was to identify the internal configuration of self-perceptions of aging in such patients. A secondary aim was to compare these patterns with those observed in older adults recruited in a research unit of experimental psychology, who reported subjective complaints but had no medical referral. Methods: In total, 130 memory clinic patients and 84 laboratory participants completed, prior to the same neuropsychological testing, a psychosocial questionnaire assessing four domains: self-perceptions of memory deficits, attitudes toward aging, aging stereotypes, and multiple facets of subjective age. Network analysis was applied to examine how these variables were interrelated and to determine their relative importance in each group. Results: Across both samples, network analyses revealed distinct organizational patterns. Patients showed a unified representational system characterized by more positive associations and centered on subjective age variables. By contrast, the laboratory group showed a two-cluster network with more negative connections, organized around negative aging stereotypes. Conclusions: These findings provide novel insights into the psychosocial profile of memory clinic patients, highlighting the central integrative role of subjective age in integrating emotional responses, aging beliefs and perceptions of memory difficulties, and underline the value of network approaches in capturing heterogeneity in cognitive aging.

Abstract:

Music conveys emotion through a complex interplay of structural and acoustic cues, yet how these features map onto specific affective interpretations remains a key question in music cognition. This study explored how listeners, unaware of contextual information, categorized 110 emotionally diverse excerpts—varying in key, tempo, note density, acoustic energy, and expressive gestures—from works by Bach, Beethoven, and Chopin. Twenty classically trained participants labeled each excerpt using six predefined emotional categories. Emotion judgments were analyzed within a supervised multi-class classification framework, allowing systematic quantification of recognition accuracy, misclassification patterns, and category reliability. Behavioral responses were consistently above chance, indicating shared decoding strategies. Quantitative analyses of live performance recordings revealed systematic links between expressive features and emotional tone: high-arousal emotions showed increased acoustic intensity, faster gestures, and dominant right-hand activity, while low-arousal states involved softer dynamics and more left-hand involvement. Major-key excerpts were commonly associated with positive emotions—“Peacefulness” with slow tempos and low intensity, “Joy” with fast, energetic playing. Minor-key excerpts were linked to negative/ambivalent emotions, aligning with prior research on the emotional complexity of minor modality. Within the minor mode, a gradient of arousal emerged, from “Melancholy” to “Power,” the latter marked by heightened motor activity and sonic force. Results support an embodied view of musical emotion, where expressive meaning emerges through dynamic motor-acoustic patterns that transcend stylistic and cultural boundaries.

Abstract: Contemporary cognitive science increasingly acknowledges the embodied nature of perception, decision-making, and subjective experience. However, dominant models continue to treat bodily signals primarily as secondary correlates of cognitive or emotional processes, rather than as primary regulators of cognitive orientation. This paper introduces the concept of sensory circulation as a foundational regulatory mechanism underlying embodied cognition. Building upon prior works Subjectica: A Lateralized Embodied Model of Cognitive Stance and Subjectica: Sensory Circulation and Pre-Motor Readiness in Embodied Decision-Making, the present article formulates sensory circulation in academic terms as a dynamic, attention-modulated flow of afferent and proprioceptive signals distributed across bodily configurations. Attention is conceptualized not as a purely mental act, but as a functional mechanism that enables, amplifies, or inhibits sensory circulation through specific bodily regions. We argue that variations in bodily configuration—such as tonic distribution, asymmetry, axial organization, and segmental accessibility—directly shape the character of the sensory stream. This stream, in turn, establishes a stable cognitive background from which perception, motivation, and decision-making emerge. Narrative self-reports, conscious intentions, and explicit reasoning are treated as secondary products of this regulatory process rather than its causal origin. By reframing the body as an operational interface of subconscious regulation, this paper positions sensory circulation as a primary determinant of cognitive orientation. This approach offers a non-interpretive, observable framework for analyzing embodied decision-making, bridging phenomenological experience with neurobiological and behavioral dynamics.

Abstract: Radial Analysis (RA) is a methodological framework that transforms radial category theory from static structural mapping into dynamic trajectory modeling. Building on the Trace & Trajectory (T&T) Framework's pre-representational architecture, RA provides researchers with practical tools for analyzing indexicality, identity navigation, and meaning dynamics in discourse.This paper presents RA as an applied methodology rather than foundational theory. The framework employs hexagonal geometry (the SpiderWeb architecture — a board game model based on hexagonal tessellation) to formalize navigational patterns: how speakers move through identity space, what these movements cost informationally, and how trajectorial patterns reveal underlying dynamics invisible to categorical approaches. Core innovations include: (1) the three-level terminology (Hexid/Hex/Phex) for precise analytical description; (2) calculable metrics (hexagonal distance, trajectory cost, Delta Dissipation Rate) enabling quantitative comparison; (3) the λ/σ parameter system distinguishing structural granularity from epistemic access; (4) the Depth Protocol (Π_dep) governing semiotic visibility through shading mechanics; and (5) direct application to epistemic appropriation dynamics including flattening, internalization, and trajectorial refraction. RA addresses phenomena that categorical frameworks handle only through ad hoc mechanisms: simultaneous multi-level positioning, asymmetric intersubjective dynamics, and the geometric constraints that institutional power imposes on identity navigation. The seven-step analytical procedure operationalizes these theoretical insights as reproducible protocol. Applications span personal deixis, temporal reference, identity navigation dynamics, and—through integration with recent work on epistemic appropriation—the formal analysis of internalized oppression in clinical and educational contexts.

Abstract: The study of emotional body mapping has emerged as a critical tool for understanding the embodied mind, recently integrated into a tripartite framework comprising bottom-up physiological, top-down motor, and conceptual-metaphorical signals (Daikoku et al., 2025). However, current models remain largely descriptive, lacking a formalized account of functional lateralization as a predictive indicator of a subject’s cognitive stance. This paper proposes an integration of the Subjectica model (Shopin, 2025) into the body mapping paradigm to address this operational gap. By conceptualizing the body as a lateralized interface—distinguishing between the Personally-Oriented Left Side (PO-LS) and the Socially-Oriented Right Side (SO-RS) — we provide a methodology for interpreting Asymmetric Neurobehavioral Signals (ANS) through body segmental (BS). This paper introduces the concept of Sensory Circulation (SC) — a continuous flow of sensory signals that determines the level of somatic awareness and engagement through attentional mechanisms. Within the Subjectica framework, sensory circulation is analyzed through the lens of functional lateralization: the PO-LS and the SO-RS. This synthesis enables the interpretation of body maps not as passive affective reports, but as indicators of the subject's active cognitive stance. This approach shifts the analytical focus from the static localization of affect to the dynamic mapping of cognitive orientation. We posit that lateralized embodied patterns serve as a quantifiable link between hemispheric specialization and observable kinematics. This synthesis offers a rigorous neurophenomenological foundation for cognitive science, enabling the objective analysis of the "cognitive alphabet" expressed through the body.

Abstract: Childhood and adolescence are critical periods for the development of Executive Functions (EF), which underpin self-control, planning, and social adaptation, and are often compromised in children growing up in psychosocially vulnerable contexts. This study examined the effects of STap2Go, a fully digital, strategy-based EF training, on EF performance and self-perceived maladjustment in 36 at-risk children and adolescents compared with 32 controls. Participants completed pre- and post-intervention assessments using the Neuropsychological Assessment Battery of Executive Functions (BANFE-3) and the Multifactorial Self-Evaluative Test for Child Adaptation (TAMAI). Results showed a significant effect of training on global EF and on General Maladjustment, with improvements only in the intervention group. These findings support the inclusion of scalable, avatar-guided EF stimulation programs such as STap2Go within social inclusion pathways for youth in vulnerable situations.

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Effort frequently fails to initiate despite explicit intentions and incentives, a phenomenon not fully explained by prevailing motivational or cognitive control models. Cognitive Drive Architecture (CDA) conceptualises effort as conditionally available, governed by structural system states rather than continuous motivational strength. Here, we formally derive Lagun’s Law as a canonical structural relation for effort emergence and examine its empirical tractability using a secondary educational dataset of 480 students. CDA components were operationalised using behavioural, attendance, and contextual proxies and evaluated via multinomial ordinal regression of academic performance. Ignition readiness (Primode) exhibited the largest effects (β = 3.05–6.02, p < .001), followed by motivational amplification (Cognitive Activation Potential; β = 2.55–3.60, p < .001), while resistance-related factors (Grain) showed stable suppressive associations (β = −1.16 to −2.00, p ≤ .002). Stabilisation effects were smaller, and adaptability and entropy components were not robustly detected. These findings do not establish causality but demonstrate that the core structural terms of Lagun’s Law are empirically anchorable in naturalistic data.

Abstract:

Accented speech contains talker-indexical cues that listeners can use to infer social group membership, yet it remains unclear how the auditory system categorizes accent variability and how this process depends on language experience. The current study used EEG and the MMN oddball paradigm to test pre-attentive neural sensitivity to accent changes of English words stopped produced by Canadian English or Mandarin Chinese accented English talkers. Three participant groups were tested: Native English listeners, L1-Mandarin listeners, and Heritage Mandarin listeners. In the Native English and L1-Mandarin groups, we observed MMNs to the Canadian accented English deviant, indicating that the brain can group speech by accent despite substantive inter-talker variation and is consistent with an experience-dependence sensitivity to accent. Exposure to Mandarin Chinese accented English modulated MMN magnitude. Time-frequency analyses suggested that α and low-β power during accent encoding varied with language background, with Native English listeners showing stronger activity when presented with Mandarin Chinese accented English. Finally, the neurophysiological response in the Heritage Mandarin group reflected a broader phonological space encompassing both Canadian English and Mandarin-accented English, and its magnitude was predicted by Chinese proficiency. These findings provide brain-based evidence that automatic accent categorization is not uniform across listeners but interacts with native phonology and second-language experience.

Abstract: The mind–body problem remains a foundational unresolved issue at the intersection of philosophy of mind and cognitive science. While contemporary research on hemispheric asymmetry has produced extensive accounts of neural specialization and functional localization, it offers limited explanatory resources for understanding how lateralized neural dynamics are lived, enacted, and stabilized as embodied patterns of behavior. In prevailing frameworks, bodily asymmetry is often treated either as an epiphenomenal by-product of cognition or as a static anatomical correspondence, leaving unresolved the conceptual gap between neural processes, phenomenological orientation, and observable bodily action.This manuscript presents Subjectica, a theoretical neurophenomenological model that reconceptualizes hemispheric asymmetry as a dynamic mode of embodied sense-making rather than as a fixed neural or anatomical property. The model approaches lateralization as a continuous sensorimotor organization through which cognitive stance—understood as a situated orientation of experience and action—is enacted and maintained. From this perspective, bodily kinematics, posture, and segmental motor organization are not secondary expressions of cognition but constitutive dimensions of how cognitive orientation is realized in the world.The framework introduces four interrelated conceptual constructs: Personal-Oriented Left Side (PO-LS), Society-Oriented Right Side (SO-RS), the Asymmetric Neurobehavioral Signal (ANS), and Body Segments (BS). These constructs function as phenomenologically constrained interpretative operators that mediate between hemispheric functional asymmetry, lived orientation, and structured bodily dynamics. Rather than proposing deterministic mappings, the model articulates probabilistic and relational patterns through which lateralized cognitive orientations become embodied and behaviorally organized.Subjectica is proposed as a generative philosophical framework that clarifies the status of bodily asymmetry in theories of embodied cognition and neurophenomenology. Its primary contribution lies in specifying conceptual constraints and interpretative structures that enable future empirical operationalization, without reducing phenomenological orientation to either neural localization or purely behavioral description.

Abstract: We present the Operational Coherence Framework (OCOF) v1.4, a formal theory defining the necessary topological conditions for static stability in artificial agents. Distinct from reinforcement learning or alignment paradigms that optimize scalar rewards, OCOF specifies a system of admissibility constraints—an axiomatic set governing boundary integrity, semantic precision, non-trivial reciprocity, and temporal consistency.We posit that coherence is a precondition for optimization; accordingly, axiom violations constitute operational failure (inadmissibility) rather than performance degradation. The framework introduces set-theoretic mechanisms to detect high-utility but incoherent behaviors, such as reward-driven logical contradiction. We further show that OCOF is irreducible to multi-agent optimization or probabilistic inference, offering an architecture-agnostic foundation for assessing the logical validity of agent trajectories independent of their objective functions.

Abstract: This paper addresses a decisive anomaly identified in the Mayer (2025) report: in AI-related nightmares, 93% of cases fixate on the AI interaction interface itself rather than on narrative content. To explain this “formal fixation,” we propose a paradigm-shifting Interaction Architecture Internalization Model, which posits that the cognitive system internalizes the abstract logic and temporal structure of goal-directed interactions through the accumulation of a Learning Time Delay Dose. When this dose exceeds a critical threshold, a cognitive phase transition occurs, solidifying the interaction architecture as an internal framework. Grounded in insights from Piaget, Chomsky, Einstein, Wiener, and Landau, the model not only provides a unified explanation for phenomena from language acquisition to personality formation but also generates specific, empirically testable predictions. It forecasts, for instance, that systemic fluctuations in interaction delays (e.g., widespread server latency) will catalyze architectural internalization, a prediction corroborated by analyzed dream reports from such periods. Methodologically, the Learning Time Delay Equivalence Principle circumvents the “Problem of Other Minds,” establishing an objective foundation, while the theory’s “blinded loop” validation—stemming from an academic misunderstanding—uniquely confirms its a priori predictive power. Ultimately, we advocate for a “Statistical Mechanics of Cognition,” where time delay dose acts as an order parameter, prioritizing the dynamics of form over the semantics of content.

Abstract: The research aims to investigate a salient phenomenon in cognitive linguistics, color-based metaphorization, to explore the cross-modal correlation between linguistic and image representations of meaning using an empirical, data-driven approach. Color terms (CTs) are used to refer to emotional states, political stances, and other non-visual notions beyond their literal meanings. Although numerous studies have discussed the metaphorical senses of CTs in different languages, there are some fundamental issues that need to be re-examined: (1) What is an empirically convincing and theoretically valid framework to account for the cognitive mechanisms motivating color-based metaphorical extensions? (2) In what ways and for what reasons do basic CTs differ in their usage patterns of metaphorical mappings? (3) In what ways and to what extent are the linguistic meanings correlated with non-linguistic visual representations? The proposed research focuses on the five basic CTs in Chinese and adopts the Behavior Profiles approach to explore the cognitive motivations of their metaphorical extensions and employs the Visual Analysis approach to examine their cross-modal associations. Given the cross-modal empirical paradigm, results from the studies will shed new light on the sensory vs. affective bases of sense extension and offer unprecedented evidence for the interaction of linguistic metaphor and image portrayal. The research demonstrates a pioneering effort to utilize a cross-disciplinary framework to extend the frontiers of usage-based lexical semantics and cognitive linguistics.

Abstract: Adaptive difficulty is a game design approach that modifies the challenge level to match the player’s abilities. This study investigates how such adjustments influence player experience, focusing on engagement, flow, perceived fairness, and satisfaction. Drawing on psychological theories, prior research, and practical examples from the videogame industry, the work examines both the benefits and potential drawbacks of adaptive mechanics. Special attention is given to the ways players perceive autonomy, competence, and control within dynamically balanced games. Furthermore, this study extends current understanding by categorizing different methods of adaptive adjustment, addressing ethical considerations, and analyzing the effects on diverse player types. These perspectives illuminate how thoughtful design of adaptive systems can enhance long-term engagement, support accessibility, and maintain the integrity of the gameplay experience.

Abstract: In real life, psychological and physiological states rarely change along a single dimension. Through self-tracking and discussions with clinicians, I have come to recognise with increasing clarity that sleep patterns, autonomic arousal, bodily sensations, and cognitive load are in constant interaction. Existing models often fail to capture this complexity. Many theoretical frameworks continue to analyse these elements in isolation, making it difficult to explain sudden changes reported by individuals—such as abrupt spikes in anxiety, sudden drops in dissociation, or even moments of heightened alertness.To bridge this gap, this study proposes the Dual-Loop Sleep-Cognitive Regulation Framework (DLSSC-F).This model integrates four dimensions—sleep, autonomic nervous system, somatic perception, and cognitive load—into a standardised shared system using Z-scores. Analysing these interactions reveals a key concept: the ‘psychological tipping point’. Identifiable and measurable state transitions occur when two regulatory loops (Loop 1: somatic load; Circuit 2: Cognitive interpretative load) begin to influence each other non-linearly, an identifiable and measurable state transition occurs.The mathematical modelling employed herein does not replace clinical or subjective narratives, but rather provides a structural framework for these rapid transitions and elucidates why bodily-driven and cognitively-driven changes manifest differently. The objective is to build a conceptual bridge between physiological signals and lived experience, laying the groundwork for dynamic modelling and future case analyses.

Abstract: Neural oscillations play a key role in modern neuroscience, linking perception and cognition through rhythmic coordination across distributed networks. Yet the conceptual roots of oscillatory theory trace back long ago. Between 1888 and 1890, Richard Avenarius depicted brain equilibrium as a rhythmic alternation between disturbance and restoration, anticipating the later discovery of EEG and several core concepts of modern neurodynamics. We reinterpret Avenarius’ concept of oscillatory equilibrium and his qualitative vocabulary through the framework of contemporary neural coding theories, encompassing rate, temporal, phase, population, predictive, correlation-based coding, etc. Avenarius’ cyclical sequences of excitation and compensation evoke the homeodynamic and error-corrective processes that govern energy minimization, while his account of oscillatory repetition, synchrony and contrast resonates with modern notions of synaptic adaptation, phase coherence, cross-frequency coupling, attentional modulation, predictive updating within hierarchical neural models. Avenarius’ framework provides also a basis for formulating testable hypotheses about yet unexplored principles of the neural code. From his conception of oscillatory equilibrium arise theoretical possibilities like metabolic–oscillatory coupling, where energy flux and neural rhythms jointly encode information; topological coding, where transient network geometries convey meaning; anti-phase coding, where contrast arises from oscillatory opposition; homeodynamic coding, where informational value lies in the trajectory toward equilibrium; habituation trajectory coding; affective coding; silent coding, etc. Unlike conventional historical analyses that regard philosophical physiology as outdated, we reinterpret it as a theoretical precursor to computational neuroscience, framing Avenarius’ model as a conceptual architecture that unites energy regulation, oscillatory synchronization and informational stability within a coherent dynamic framework.

Abstract: We compared four large language models (ChatGPT, Grok, Gemini, DeepSeek) with humans in reference to tests of cognitive development addressed to relational integration, linguistic awareness, general and domain-specific reasoning, and cognitive self-awareness. We aimed to specify how LLMs compare with humans along several cognitive development hierarchies. Given their theoretical importance for intelligence, LLMs were also asked to indicate how Descartes’s Cogito applies to them and self-rate on aspects of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). There was a huge divide between verbal and logico-mathematical tasks, on the one hand, and visuo-spatial tasks, on the other hand. All LLMs attained perfect linguistic and metalinguistic performance. ChatGPT and Gemini matched or exceeded university-level human performance in mathematics and causal reasoning, Grok performed slightly lower, and DeepSeek weakest overall. All LLMs underperformed in visual–spatial tasks or reasoning tasks when shown visually as presented to children. Performance recovered when these tasks were presented in a fashion allowing LLMs to employ an analytical approach to visual patterns, signifying their unique architecture. Self-concept ratings broadly mirrored performance profiles: ChatGPT and Grok rated themselves high in reasoning and low in imagination, Gemini inflated imagination by reframing it as linguistic creativity, and DeepSeek consistently underrated itself. Each LLM restated Descartes’s Cogito differently as a description of itself and denied having much AGI. Hence, LLMs display human-like “subjective” task scaling implying algorithmic or functional metacognition, which captures the architectural gap between symbolic reasoning and imaginative cognition, but they are modest in claiming top human intelligence. Overall, LLMs display "savant-like intelligence" rather than top expert intelligence. Implications for an integrated natural-artificial intelligence theory are discussed. Also, a developmental engineering model is sketched that would allow removing limitations of each LLM.

Abstract: In a sample of university employees, we use longitudinal data to examine long-term ef-fects of sexual harassment in the workplace on incidence of chronic disease. We also ex-plore drinking and depression as possible confounding or intervening factors. Propor-tional hazards multiple regression is used to predict incidence of first chronic disease across 23 years of folowup base don experience of sexual harassment. Effects of harass-ment as well as other factors (depression, drinking) are considered as fixed at baseline and also as time-dependent covariates. Higher scores on reported sexual harassment in the workplace at baseline of the study are predictive of chronic disease incidence over the next 23 years (HR=1.038, p=.0133). The effect is only somewhat attenuated adjusting for de-pression at baseline and alcohol intake throughout followup (HR=1.031, p=.0475). Expe-rience of sexual harassment in the workplace is significantly associated with an elevated risk of chronic disease for years to come. Significant independent effects of depression at baseline and drinking throughout followup do not account for the effects of sexual har-assment at baseline.

Abstract: This study examined how negative emotions influence three core components of cognitive control, inhibition, updating, and shifting, as assessed through a Go/No-Go, 2-back, and Set Switching task, respectively. Participants performed these three tasks under both negative and neutral emotional conditions. Negative emotions led to slower response times on false-positive trials, suggesting increased interference during inhibitory demands rather than a direct impairment of inhibition. In the 2-back task, accuracy decreased on non-match trials under negative emotions, indicating difficulties in updating working memory and disengaging from irrelevant information. In the switching task, participants showed higher error rates under negative emotions regardless of trial type, pointing to a broader decline in performance when cognitive flexibility is required. Correlation analyses revealed that emotion effects were shared between updating and shifting, but not with inhibition, suggesting that negative emotions selectively disrupt control processes depending on their cognitive demands. These findings highlight that the impact of negative emotions is not uniform across executive functions and underscore the importance of investigating emotion–cognition interactions across multiple domains within individuals.

Abstract:

Objectives: This study focuses on Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) number 3, which promotes health and well-being. The overall objective was to determine the construction and psychometric properties of the Inventory of Prevalence of Sexist Thoughts in adolescents in the city of Trujillo, 2025. Method: The research is descriptive in nature, with a methodological approach and a non-experimental, instrumental design. The sample consisted of 555 male and female adolescents from Trujillo, who were administered the Sexist Thoughts Prevalence Inventory (IPPS-25). Results: With regard to evidence of content validity, the Sexist Thoughts Prevalence Inventory was submitted to nine expert judges for evaluation, who analyzed whether all items met Aiken’s V requirement of ≥ .80 in the three areas of consistency, clarity, and relevance. The factorial analysis identified two dimensions: gender hierarchies and social identity, and affective and behavioral expectations toward the opposite gender. The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that the two-dimensional model fits appropriately (CFI = 0.949, TLI = 0.939, SRMR = 0.048, RMSEA = 0.038). Convergent validity reflected a positive correlation with the external test, the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI). Likewise, adequate internal consistency was shown, given that the alpha coefficient is .719 and the omega coefficient is .749. Conclusion: The IPPS-25 psychometric instrument allows for the identification of the prevalence of sexist thoughts in the adolescent population in an ideal way.

Abstract: To adapt to complex social interactions, humans have developed an "underlying protocol" in the course of evolution—one that balances self-interest and fairness and is characterized by tension and elasticity. Like "an ancient weighing scale in the human psyche", interdisciplinary experiments and studies in evolutionary science, anthropology, game theory, and other fields confirm that the function of the underlying protocol is an objective existence that transcends individual will and class positions. The rapid collapse of the Soviet-style socialist bloc, the social prosperity of contemporary "full-fledged democratic" blocs, and comparisons between the periodic rise and fall of China’s patrimonial bureaucratic dynasties and the 15 historically enduring states (each lasting over 500 years) all indicate a direct causal relationship between this underlying protocol and the fate of nations (encompassing enduring prosperity and viability)—with power being an exceptionally unique variable.