Abstract: Time remains one of the most elusive concepts in physics, lying at the intersection of quantum mechanics, relativity, and thermodynamics. This work proposes a reformulation in which time arises as a local informational field rather than as a universal coordinate. Temporal direction is identified with gradients in stored information, linking geometry and entropy through an informational potential that generates both curvature and the arrow of time. The resulting field Ta(x)=∂aSinfo(x) defines causal order and temporal flow through local information exchange, unifying dynamical evolution and entropic asymmetry within a single framework. The formulation preserves general relativity in the macroscopic limit while extending its validity to microscopic regimes where information dynamics supersede geometric structure. It thus offers a coherent physical basis for temporal asymmetry, a bridge between quantum and gravitational descriptions, and a platform for simulating time as an observable field.

Abstract: The Future–Mass–Projection (FMP) framework replaces particle dark matter by a nonlocal, entropically weighted projection of future baryonic mass distributions onto the present. In its cosmological implementation, a short-horizon, zero–DC future kernel modifies the linear growth source while keeping the homogeneous background expansion H(z) effectively indistinguishable from ΛCDM. In this work we analyse the predictions of the entropic FMP model for the linear growth observable fσ8(z) as a function of redshift and confront them with current redshift-space-distortion (RSD) measurements from 6dF, BOSS, eBOSS, WiggleZ, VIPERS and related surveys. For a finite future horizon ΔT ≃ 0.25H−1 0 and a dimensionless kernel amplitude η ≃ −4.3 (in units where H0 = 1), the band-averaged modification μ(a) induces a natural ∼ 10–15% suppression of fσ8(z) in the range z ≃ 0.3–0.8, while asymptoting back to the ΛCDM track at low and high redshift. A simple χ2 comparison, performed on a Planck-2018 background and treating current fσ8 points as uncorrelated, yields χ2 FMP ≃ 12.7 versus χ2 ΛCDM ≃ 11.8 for nine data points. Both models give statistically equivalent fits (reduced χ2 ≃ 1.4 and 1.3 respectively); ΛCDM is slightly preferred in this diagnostic sense, but the difference Δχ2 ≃ 0.9 is far below any meaningful significance. The entropic FMP model therefore passes this first cosmology-light growth test and remains a viable alternative that predicts a specific, band-limited suppression pattern for future high-precision BAO+RSD data.

Abstract: In Newton's theory of gravity, space is the universal container of all things and does not take any part in the movement of material bodies. However, there are a number of observations that are not described by this theory and are used as evidence for the theory of relativity and other theories that refute the absoluteness of space.This article discusses the possibility of departing from the absoluteness of space and supplementing Newton's theory of gravity with the hypothesis of the torsion of space by rotating space objects. The rationale for this approach is that the law of universal gravitation contains only the mass of the gravitating object, and does not take into account the influence of angular momentum, which is possessed by almost all space objects. Based on this hypothesis, formulas are derived for calculating the perihelion displacement of the planets of the solar system and the deflection of light when passing near the Sun. The obtained calculation results coincide with the observational data, which can be considered not only a justification of the hypothesis, but also a refutation of the assumption of the anomaly of these phenomena. It is established that the graph of the torsion velocity function of space has a physical meaning of the trajectory of free fall, since the force of gravity is directed tangentially to it.Considering the torsion of space by the rotating mass of the galaxy, an analytical expression for the rotation curves is obtained. which makes it possible to explain the features of the motion of matter in the disk of the galaxy. It has been established that, unlike the MOND theory, these features are not the result of violations of the law of universal gravitation and relativistic effects, but are explained by an external influence on the rotating space of the galaxy. Based on the logarithmic shape of the rotation curves in the far zone, which most fully corresponds to the observations, a universal analytical expression for the Tully-Fisher type relation is obtained in the form: v ~ln(M).

Abstract: We present new high-dispersion optical spectra of the planetary nebula NGC 2371 obtained with the Manchester Echelle Spectrometer at the OAN-SPM 2.1-m telescope, complemented with 3D morpho-kinematic modelling using ShapeX. The data reveal that the present-day morphology of NGC 2371 is the outcome of multiple episodic mass-loss events rather than a single outflow. Our best-fitting model simultaneously reproduces the direct images and the Position–Velocity (PV) diagrams, and consists of a barrel-shaped shell with younger polar caps, extended bipolar lobes, and a pair of misaligned low-excitation [N ii] knots interpreted as jet-like ejections. The derived kinematical ages of the main structures, spanning ≃1600 to ≃4400 yr, indicate successive episodes of mass loss with different geometries and timescales. The nearly perpendicular bipolar lobes, the absence of a pronounced waist, and the surface distortions of the large-scale structures cannot be explained solely by standard axisymmetric wind interactions. Instead, our results point to a combination of shaping agents, including a late thermal pulse that produced the H-deficient [WR] central star, binary-driven interactions, and episodic jet activity. NGC 2371 thus emerges as a highly unusual planetary nebula, possibly involving physical processes that remain poorly explored in current models of PN formation and evolution.

Abstract: Boltzmann entropy is the central measure of microscopic disorder in thermodynamics, but it does not describe how open systems develop and maintain long-lived structure. Stars, planets, biospheres, and civilizations all undergo irreversible changes in regulation, coherence, and stability over time. These developmental paths are not captured by microstate multiplicity alone. This article introduces a complementary macrodynamic quantity, the structural production rate, defined as the time derivative of a ripeness state that combines internal energy flow, structural memory, regenerative capacity, and systemic coherence. The sign of this rate identifies three universal phases across scales: maturation, stability, and reconfiguration. The study formalizes a ripeness function for four domains: stellar evolution, planetary habitability, biospheric stability, and civilizational dynamics. Each component is mapped to measurable proxies, such as stellar oscillation properties, crustal recycling rates, genomic redundancy, and institutional memory indices. From this, the paper derived falsifiable predictions that can be tested with current and upcoming missions and datasets, including space-based asteroseismology, ice-moon plume chemistry, paleogenomic reconstructions, and long-term social coherence indices. In this framing, entropy does not merely represent disorder. Instead, it defines the gradient that forces systems to develop, stabilize, and eventually reconfigure under persistent energy flow. The structural production framework provides a unified quantitative lens for comparative systems science and cross-domain prediction.

Abstract: We develop a two–level model of ultralight dark matter (ULDM) solitonic core subjected to the adiabatic perturbation due to the baryonic matter. Approximation the dark matter–only core as a Gaussian ground state in a harmonic potential defined by the central core density, and the first radial s–wave excitation (n = 1, l = 0) we project the GPP system onto 2-dimensional Hilbert space. In our formalism, we show that the baryonic Dhenen γ component couples through the overlap integral J_ij .(γ, α) where α = Rc/ab is the ratio of the soliton core radius to the baryon scale radius. The resulting core dynamics is governed by the relative Hamiltonian H_rel(t) = 1/2 ∆(t)σ_z + J(t)σ_x with baryon dependent level splitting ∆(t) and mixing J(t), both linear in enclosed baryonic mass. In the adiabatic limit the soliton follows instantaneous lower eigenstate leading to radial excitation controlled by J_ij (γ, α). We illustrate the predictions using a model dwarf–like galaxy to illustrate the resulting gap and mixing angle between the two states of the model. In (Part–II) companion paper we will consider higher number of excited states and also use this framework with real dwarf spheroidal galaxies, using observed baryonic profiles and stellar kinematics to study the baryon induced shifts in the core radius and infer other ULDM parameters including the dark matter particle mass. We will also study Gaffe–like(γ → 2) distribution model as a limiting case in the Dehnen-γ baryon distribution.

Abstract:

We validate, through an example, the direct correspondence between the irreversibility of renormalization-group (RG) flow and entropy production thermodynamics imposed by Newell. Using the local RG framework of Osborn and Jack, we identify a scheme-invariant potential \( \tilde a(\mathbf g) \) and a positive-definite tensor \( \chi_{ij} \) satisfying an exact gradient formula, \( \partial_i\tilde a=\chi_{(ij)}\beta^j \). Mapping this structure onto the GENERIC formalism of Grmela and Öttinger reveals that RG evolution is a purely dissipative process in coupling space, governed by \( \dot g^i=M^{ij}\partial_j S \) with \( S=-\tilde a \). Numerical integration of a three-coupling gauge--Yukawa model confirms a strictly monotonic \( \tilde a(\sigma) \), verifying \( \dot{\tilde a}=\beta^i\chi_{ij}\beta^j\!\ge\!0 \) to machine precision. The result validates the thermodynamic interpretation of the four-dimensional a-theorem and confirms the imposed validity of RG irreversibility, validating the Newell's framework thermodynamics integration.

Abstract: This paper presents a conservative, causal, nonlocal extension of General Relativity in which the dark sector emerges not from new particles or a fundamental cosmological constant, but from geometric memory: a history-dependent contribution to the stress--energy tensor. The action includes a covariant nonlocal functional \( S_{\mathrm{mem}} \) that couples curvature at separated spacetime points through a retarded, causal kernel \( U(\sigma) \)built from Synge's world function. This implements the principle that spacetime retains a weighted record of its past curvature configurations. Varying the full action yields modified Einstein equations \( G_{\mu\nu} = 8\pi G\bigl(T_{\mu\nu} + M_{\mu\nu}[g]\bigr) \), where the Einstein tensor is unchanged and all novel physics is confined to a new, covariantly conserved memory tensor \( M_{\mu\nu} \) that introduces no additional propagating gravitational degrees of freedom or ghosts, so the kinetic structure of GR is fully preserved. In a cosmological background, the memory contribution acts as an effective dark energy component with \( w_M(z) \approx -1 + \mathcal{O}\!\bigl(1/(H_0 \tau_c)\bigr) \) and present–day density \( \rho_M(t_0) \approx \lambda\, \alpha\, H_0^2 \). Here \( \alpha \sim 10^3$--$10^4 \) is sourced by the nonlinear growth of Weyl curvature, and \( \lambda \sim 10^{-4} \)–\( 10^{-2} \) is a single small coupling. Together, these produce the observed dark--energy scale without fine–tuning, turning the coincidence problem into a natural consequence of cosmological–scale memory. Perturbations of \( M_{\mu\nu} \) supply an effective dark–matter–like component whose clustering is tied to tidal history rather than instantaneous density, yielding specific deviations from \( \Lambda \)CDM such as suppressed \( S_8 \). Because the field equations are of Volterra type, solutions require an initial history segment rather than a single initial state, and spatial variations in this primordial history generate persistent anisotropies in \( M_{\mu\nu} \), providing a controlled geometric mechanism for large–angle CMB anomalies and Hubble–dipole signatures that reframes them as fossil information rather than statistical outliers. The framework yields explicit, quantitative falsification criteria, including measurable evolution in \( w_M(z) \), definite suppression in \( S_8 \), enhanced lensing around cosmic voids, and characteristic CMB–large–scale–structure phase correlations. The model is deliberately brittle: a single decisive failure in any of these predictions rules it out, while success would establish causal structural memory as a minimal, testable route to unifying dark–energy and dark–matter phenomenology without modifying the kinetic structure of Einstein's theory.

Abstract: Multiple wide–area radio surveys report a source–count dipole whose amplitude exceeds the purely kinematic expectation inferred from the CMB dipole by a factor of ∼ 3–4, while remaining aligned with the CMB dipole direction. This tension, now detected at ≳ 5σ when combining NVSS, RACS–low and LoTSS–DR2, challenges the vanilla ΛCDM picture in which the radio dipole is dominated by Doppler and aberration effects with only a small clustering contribution. In this paper we present a quantitative implementation of Future–Mass Projection (FMP) gravity as a potential explanation of this anomaly. FMP is a diffeomorphism–invariant, bilocal, time–nonlocal extension of GR in which the effective source is a causal projection of the baryonic energy–momentum tensor along a finite, advanced horizon on a closed time path. On cosmological scales the theory can be parametrised by a scale– and time–dependent modification of the Poisson equation, μ(a, k), and lensing response, G(a, k), that are determined by the Fourier transform of the covariant kernel. We make three key advances compared to previous work. First, we provide an explicit mapping from an “entropic” Newtonian kernel, defined as the Hessian of a coarse–grained entropy functional in the space of disc and large–scale density configurations, to the cosmological response functions μ(a, k) and G(a, k). This leads naturally to a two–lobe scale dependence, with μ(a, k) < 1 on quasi–linear scales k ∼ 0.02–0.2 hMpc⁻¹ and μ(a, k) > 1 on ultra–large scales k ≲ 0.01 hMpc⁻¹, thereby reconciling a modest 10–15% suppression of fσ8 with an ultra–large–scale growth boost. Second, we fix the kernel parameters (ΔT, η, k1, k0) using two independent data sets: low–redshift redshift–space distortion measurements of fσ8 and galaxy rotation curves. This yields a single family of CTP kernels that already satisfies Solar–System, PPN and GW– speed constraints, and mildly alleviates the S8 tension. Third, using these pre–determined kernels, we compute the ultra–large–scale clustering boost factor BULS that enters the radio source–count dipole. We model the selection function W(z) and linear bias b(z) for NVSS, RACS–low and LoTSS–DR2, and evaluate the relevant integrals for BULS(ΔT, η, k0), propagating uncertainties from the kernel parameters and the source populations. For the kernel that best fits fσ8 and rotation curves we obtain a blind prediction RFMP ≡ dobs/ dkin = 3.2 ± 0.4, to be compared with the combined radio–dipole measurement R_obs = 3.67 ± 0.49. A simple χ² comparison shows that the anomaly is naturally reproduced within FMP without invoking particle dark matter, while remaining consistent with current large–scale structure and background probes. We discuss degeneracies, parameter–space constraints and the status of competing explanations for the radio–dipole excess.

Abstract: Future–Mass Projection (FMP) gravity is a non–local extension of general relativity in which the metric at a spacetime point couples to a weighted integral over the future stress–energy tensor along a closed time path. In earlier work, bilocal kernels in Fourier space of the form Ξd(k) = ε/(1 + k2/k2 0) were shown to lead, in the quasi–Newtonian limit, to configuration–space boost factors D(R)−1 ∝ K0(k0R) multiplying the baryonic acceleration, where K0 is a modified Bessel function of the second kind. This paper extends that framework by introducing an entropic response of the bilocal kernel to fluctuations in the baryonic surface density and tests the resulting effective boost function against the rotation curves of the Milky Way (MW) and M31 (Andromeda). Instead of treating each galaxy separately, we construct a phenomenological entropic boost D(x) as a function of scaled radius x = R/Rd, where Rd is the exponential disk scale length. The parametrisation D(x) = 1 + ε1 h 1 − e−(x/xs1)2i + ε2 h 1 − e−(x/xs2)2i is understood as an effective representation of a superposition of K0–type modes. We fit the global parameters (xs1, xs2, ε1, ε2) jointly toMWand M31 using fixed bulge+disk mass models from Sofue, while keeping track of the dominant baryonic systematics (thin– disk geometry and gas disks). For the stellar bulge+disk alone we find a joint best fit at xs1 = 0.50, xs2 = 3.0, ε1 = −0.231, ε2 = 1.50. This corresponds to a mild suppression of the effective gravity in the inner disk, D(0.5) ≃ 0.90, and an outer–disk boost asymptoting to D(x ≳ 5) ≃ 2.18 (velocity enhancement √ D ∼ 1.48). Applied to the Milky Way rotation curve of Sofue (2020) in the range 2–60 kpc and to a refined M31 curve in the range 2–40 kpc, the model reproduces the overall amplitude and radial trend with fractional root–mean–square deviations of ∼ 13% (MW) and ∼ 12% (M31). However, the formal reduced chi–squares are large (χ2 ν ≈ 25 for MW and χ2 ν ≈ 5 for M31), indicating that the combination of our simplified baryonic modelling and overly rigid kernel is not yet statistically acceptable. We estimate that including a gas disk with massMg ∼ 1010M⊙ and scale length Rg ∼ 7 kpc would raise the outer baryonic rotation speed by ∼ 5–8kms−1 in M31 beyond R ≳ 20 kpc, and yield a similar effect for the Milky Way, reducing the required outer boost amplitude ε2 by roughly 10–15%. Conversely, the spherical approximation for the stellar disk is known to overestimate the circular speed by ∼ 10–15% near R ≈ 2Rd compared to a thin exponential disk. These two systematics partially compensate each other but do not remove the need for a non–trivial boost. Within these caveats, a single, smooth boost in scaled radius is sufficient to bring MW and M31 rotation curves to within ∼ 10–15% in circular velocity using baryons only, suggesting that entropic FMP gravity is a promising but not yet competitive alternative to ΛCDM halo models on galaxy scales.

Abstract: We propose a non-perturbative quantum gravity framework using quantum vortices (statistical average topological structures of microscopic particles) embedded in AdS/CFT holographic duality, resolving black hole singularities without renormalization. Thus, this constitutes a singularity-resolution mechanism grounded in physical processes rather than mathematical techniques. The quantum vortex field generates a repulsive potential within the critical radius r∗ ≈ 8.792 × 10⁻¹¹m, dynamically preventing matter from reaching r = 0 and avoiding curvature divergence. The derived Huang metric (Schwarzschild metric with quantum corrections) enables parameter-free prediction of black hole shadow angular diameters, without post-observation fitting of Kerr black hole spin. Observational verification shows: the theoretical shadow of Sgr A* is 53.3 μas (EHT: 51.8 ± 2.3 μas), and that of M87* is 46.2 μas (EHT: 42 ± 3 μas), resolving contradictions of the Kerr model. This framework unifies singularity elimination, information conservation, and shadow prediction, providing a testable quantum gravity paradigm.

Abstract: We propose a comprehensive mechanism for the cosmological bounce based on the formation and subsequent destabilization of exotic matter under extreme gravitational compression. Drawing from Lockyer's remarkably accurate proton model—which describes nucleons as systems of nested energy shells using only fundamental physical constants without ad hoc parameters—we hypothesize that under conditions surpassing neutron star densities, matter undergoes hierarchical phase transitions into increasingly complex layered structures. These ``exonucleons'' represent fully formed exotic matter whose layer count increases with external pressure, acting like cosmic sponges that absorb energy proportionally to gravitational confinement. The bounce occurs not at a mathematical singularity, but through a dynamical instability cascade: localized pressure reduction triggers exotic matter → energy conversion, reducing gravitational support and initiating runaway evaporation of the primordial black hole. Crucially, this process avoids the mathematical singularity, provides a finite energy budget for the subsequent expansion, and sets the low entropy initial conditions for each cycle via gravitational organization during contraction. Moreover, it offers a physical basis for black holes as organized reservoirs of exotic matter with radially varying layer density. Remarkably, this same mechanism naturally explains core-collapse supernovae: the temporary formation of exotic matter during stellar collapse absorbs the imploding shock wave energy, then releases it outward when pressure drops, solving the long-standing "supernova energy problem." This model offers a unified description from subatomic scales to cosmic cycles.

Abstract: We present a joint multifractal and phase-coherence analysis of the WMAP 9-year W-band CMB temperature anisotropy map, using a framework based on the τ(q) multifractal spectrum and the phase-coherence envelope Rℓ. A suite of Gaussian Monte Carlo simulations matched to the empirical Cℓ distribution provides percentile confidence intervals for both statistics. The observed WMAP data exhibit significant deviations from Gaussian expectations at three scales: (i) a low-ℓ phase-coherence excess (ℓ ≲ 40), (ii) a structured acoustic-peak-scale coherence depression and recovery (100 ≲ ℓ ≲ 400), and (iii) a sustained high-ℓ excess (ℓ ≳ 600). These features correlate with departures in the τ(q) multifractal spectrum, particularly for q > 0, where the observed τ(q) lies persistently above the Monte Carlo median envelope. The combined statistical evidence suggests that the WMAP temperature field contains non-Gaussian structure that cannot be reproduced by phase-randomized or Gaussian ΛCDM surrogates with identical angular power spectra. The results demonstrate the sensitivity of multifractal and phase-coherence diagnostics to subtle higher-order correlations and motivate re-examination of the assumptions underlying Gaussian initial conditions and mode independence.

Abstract: In 2014, NASA measured that the universe has a Euclidean shape. This discovery suggests that the curvature of space is merely a mathematical description of some more basic physical property of space. By extending the principle of equality of mass and energy to the space occupied by dark energy, a model of gravity was developed, where the gravitational force is due to the variable energy density of dark energy. The more curved the space, the lower the energy density of dark energy. A black hole, like any other stellar object, reduces the energy density of dark energy at its center in proportion to its mass and energy. In the centre of a black hole, the gravitational force is zero, as it is in all stellar objects. There are no wormholes in space, and there is no gravitational singularity at the center of a black hole. Gravity inside black holes follows Newton's physics. Reduced energy density of dark energy inside black holes diminishes the value of the Planck constant, which causes atoms and nuclei to decay. Gravitational collapse is replaced by electric collapse.

Abstract: Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) interactions with electrons in the ionized plasma of the intergalactic medium (IGM) produce a pulse dispersion described by classical plasma physics. The dispersion measure (DM) increases with the electron column-density, which itself is a function of the redshift–distance Hubble-Lemaître Law. This DM–redshift relation, or Macquart relation, probes the electron number-density in the IGM. The Stimulated Transfer redshift (STz) is an effect that arises from a quantum interaction of light with electrons. STz is also a function of the electron column-density but produces a photon energy loss that is observed as a redshift. Because dispersion and STz both depend on the electron column-density, a relationship between them can be expressed as a function that is independent of the column-density but proportional to a redshift cross-section constant. We find that the calculated STz cross-section agrees with the Macquart relation derived from 124 localized FRBs to better 5% accuracy. Implications on the proportion of the cosmological redshift that is due to the STz effect are discussed.

Abstract: We discuss gravitational concepts and candidate specifications for dark matter that, together, can help explain known ratios of dark-matter effects to ordinary-matter effects and can help explain eras in the rate of expansion of the universe. The ratios pertain to galaxies and galaxy evolution, galaxy clusters, and densities of the universe. The candidate specifications for dark matter reuse, with variations, a set of known elementary particles. Regarding galaxy evolution and the rate of expansion of the universe, we deploy multipole-expansion methods that combine Newtonian gravity, aspects of motions of sub-objects of gravitationally interacting objects, and Lorentz invariance.

Abstract: The present work reports the latest findings from photometric and spectroscopic studies of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 4151. Photometric and spectroscopic observations were carried out using the Zeiss-1000 and AZT-8 telescopes at the Tien Shan Astronomical Observatory (TSHAO) and the Kamenskoe Plateau Observatory of the Fesenkov Astrophysical Institute (FAI). In addition, photometric data were obtained at the Shamakhy Astrophysical Observatory (ShAO) with the “Zeiss 600” telescope in the Cassegrain focus. The collected data enabled us to construct light curves and perform a comparative analysis of both modern and archival spectral observations.

Abstract: We propose a phenomenological model in which the vacuum energy relevant for black hole interiors is bounded by QCD-scale physics and by thermal effects. In this framework, vacuum fluctuations are effectively limited between a hadronic upper scale and a lower, thermally controlled scale. We explore how such a QCDbounded vacuum structure can modify the interior region of black holes, leading to non-singular cores while preserving standard general relativity in the exterior. The analysis is qualitative in nature and does not rely on a full underlying quantum field theoretic derivation. Instead, it aims to capture the main physical ingredients that may connect hadronic physics, vacuum structure and black hole geometry. We discuss the conditions under which singularities can be avoided, and we outline possible implications for the relation between black hole interiors and the cosmological vacuum energy. The model is intended as a conceptual framework that can be further tested and refined in more complete theoretical settings.

Abstract: This paper investigates whether the present large-scale structure of the universe contains sufficient fossil information to reconstruct a consistent early state without imposing any initial conditions such as a singularity, inflation, or Gaussianity. Using the Infinite Transformation Principle (ITP), we treat cosmic evolution as a history-dependent, non-Markovian process that retains weak memory on long-wavelength modes. We formulate the inverse cosmological problem as a stability analysis of the backward flow operator T−1. The ITP introduces a memory functional M(z), creating a correction ∆J(z) to the forward Jacobian. We show that ∆J(z) ≈ −D Plong acts as a dissipative, contractive filter on superhorizon modes. Using low-ℓ CMB structure, supervoid topology, and curvature drift Ωk(z) as preserved sufficient statistics, we reconstruct the early-state manifold E. A supporting mathematical appendix demonstrates backward stability on the relevant subspace. The reconstruction yields finite-density, phase-coherent, geometrically regulated early states without requiring a classical singularity or inflationary smoothing. Long-wavelength modes remain contractive under backward evolution due to the thermodynamic role of the memory field. The three large-scale observables enforce a unique, self-consistent solution for the memory kernel K(z, z′), eliminating the degeneracy inherent in the standard Markovian ΛCDM framework. Within its domain of validity, the ITP reconstruction converts the early universe from an assumed beginning into a mathematically recoverable state. The framework makes four falsifiable predictions: persistent low-ℓ CMB coherence, CMB–void alignment, slow curvature drift (|dΩk/ dz| ∼ 10−4), and a non-zero equilateral/orthogonal non-Gaussianity. Failure of any single prediction falsifies the entire approach.

Abstract: This work proposes a mechanism initiating the Big Bang: the Universe emerged from the collapse of the densest object in a previous-aeon black hole. While the object collapsed into the Big Bang singularity with minimum entropy, the entropy of the host black hole kept increasing. The Second Law of thermodynamics was never violated. The collapse was the reverse of cosmic inflation. Where it occurred, or the Center of the Universe, is found to be currently ~30 billion light years away from us and around Galactic coordinates (l,b)=(279°,-47°). If a Universal Coordinate System is defined accordingly, we are in the Northern Universe at the latitude: W=+35°. Since last scattering, the nearly isotropic and homogeneous Universe is found to have spun clockwise through an angle of 41°±6°, whereas it is calculated to be 49°^+7°_-11° by a modified Friedmann equation using the early- and late-Universe Hubble constants. The findings are supported by other independent observations.