Abstract: Aspergillus fumigatus is the predominant pathogenic fungus responsible for aspergillosis. In recent years, the global detection rate of azole-resistant A. fumigatus (ARAF) has continuously increased, and the extensive application of agricultural azole fungicides has been recognized as a crucial driving factor for the emergence and spread of resistance mutations in environmental A. fumigatus. Previous investigations conducted by our research team in karst vegetable fields of Guizhou Province revealed that the resistance rate of local A. fumigatus was only 0.49%, which was markedly lower than those reported in most previous studies in China and outside of China. To supplement the prevalence data of azole resistance across different habitats in this region, a total of 191 environmental A. fumigatus strains were isolated from nine tea plantations across Guizhou. In this study, two clinically prevalent azole drugs, itraconazole and voriconazole, were used for antifungal susceptibility testing, and the triazole target gene cyp51A of all isolates was sequenced and analyzed. Antifungal susceptibility results demonstrated that the MIC ranges of the tea plantation A. fumigatus population were 0.015–0.5 μg/ml for itraconazole and 0.031–0.25 μg/ml for voriconazole, with no evidence of triazole resistance. Genetic analysis identified ten different gene mutations among 29 isolates, all of which were classified as non-resistance-associated mutations. Among these mutations, four were synonymous mutations, including 267G→A, 540G→A, 1074A→G, and 1362T→C, while six were non-synonymous mutations, including 137T→A, 514A→G, 743A→C, 744T→A, 765C→G, and 1279G→A. These non-synonymous mutations resulted in five amino acid substitutions in 25 strains, namely F46Y, M172V, N248T/K, D255E, and E427K. The N248T/K mutation exhibited the highest mutational frequency of 0.1309 (25/191) and was distributed across all sampling sites. Correlation analyses indicated that no significant correlations were observed between all detected variant loci and MICs of isolates to itraconazole and voriconazole. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the six sequence types of cyp51A in Guizhou tea plantations were broadly intermixed with those from other parts of China and outside of China. We discussed the implications of these results in the management of ARAF.

Abstract: Roman aqueduct bridges are widespread across the seismically active Mediterranean, yet their earthquake vulnerability remains insufficiently documented. This study evaluates the first-order seismic response of such structures and applies the approach to the Antioch-on-the-Orontes aqueduct at Harbiye (Antakya, Türkiye), a monument affected by multiple construction phases, repairs, and partial collapses. Linear static, modal, and time-history finite-element analyses were performed on idealized arch-and-pier configurations subjected to recorded ground motion. Variations in pier height, arch width, deck thickness, reinforcement, stiffness, Poisson’s ratio, and density were tested. The models consistently identify the arch springings and pier bases as recurrent stress-concentration zones. Vulnerability increases with pier height, arch width, deck thickness, lower stiffness, and greater structural mass, whereas buttresses, larger piers, and lower-density materials improve stability. In the Antioch models, the highest computed stresses coincide spatially with several observed damaged, collapsed, or repaired sectors. The reinforced construction stage shows reduced stress concentrations relative to the unrepaired configuration. These results support the interpretation that seismic shaking plausibly contributed to the monument’s structural evolution and demonstrate the value of simplified numerical modelling for archaeoseismological assessment of historical masonry infrastructure.

Abstract: This study examines whether digital commerce deepening and digital financial use are associated with banking fragility through the household leverage channel. Using country-year data from Euromonitor International Passport for 16 economies over 2015-2025, the analysis links bank nonperforming loans to household debt, app-based mobile commerce, internet banking, smartphone possession, and government effectiveness. The empirical strategy applies dynamic two-way fixed effects models with country and year effects, clustered standard errors, Driscoll-Kraay sensitivity checks, restricted housing-stress controls, crisis-year exclusions, alternative winsorization, mechanism regressions, and placebo leads. The findings show strong persistence in banking fragility and a positive household-debt signal, although the effect is strongest in robust covariance and alternative winsorization specifications. App-based mobile commerce is negatively associated with nonperforming loans in the dynamic models, suggesting that digital commerce may capture formalization, payment efficiency, or digital maturity rather than mechanical overborrowing. Internet banking and the household-debt-by-government-effectiveness interaction are not robust predictors. Overall, digitalization does not mechanically amplify banking fragility; the more consistent channel is household leverage, moderated only weakly by institutional execution in the available panel.

Abstract: Zooplankton serve as critical bioindicators of marine ecosystem health, yet their accurate classification remains challenging due to subtle inter-class differences, substantial intra-class variations, and complex underwater imaging conditions. While Vision Transformers (ViTs) have shown promise in fine-grained recognition, they struggle with the local feature modeling and multi-scale perception essential for zooplankton identification. This paper proposes ViT-MDFA, a novel architecture that synergistically integrates Multi-scale Dilated Convolution (MSDC) and Dual Attention (DA) mechanisms into the Vision Transformer framework. The MSDC module employs parallel dilated convolutions with strategically selected dilation rates to capture both fine-grained textures and global structural patterns without computational overhead. The DA mechanism combines channel-wise and spatial attention to adaptively emphasize diagnostically relevant features while suppressing background interference. Extensive evaluations across four challenging benchmarks (WHOI-Plankton, ZooScanNet, Kaggle-Plankton, and Dec-22) demonstrate that ViT-MDFA achieves state-of-the-art performance, reaching 97.46\% accuracy and 96.73\% F1-score on the Dec-22 dataset—surpassing the baseline ViT-B/16 by remarkable margins of 6.14\% and 7.79\%, respectively. Comprehensive ablation studies validate the individual contributions of MSDC (+1.83\%) and DA (+0.81\%) modules, with sensitivity analysis identifying the optimal dilation rate configuration [6,12,18]. Grad-CAM visualizations reveal that ViT-MDFA consistently attends to biologically meaningful morphological structures, such as antennae, body segments, and caudal spines. The proposed architecture achieves this superior performance while maintaining a lightweight, modular design suitable for deployment on flow cytometers and edge computing platforms, thereby enabling real-time, automated zooplankton monitoring for marine ecological assessment.

Abstract: In this paper the design, development, and validation of a set of low power, low-cost sensor systems intended for environmental monitoring and visitor tracking in cultural heritage sites is shown. These systems have been deployed in 5 pilot cases in 4 different countries in Europe inside the European ARGUS project. Two different approaches have been defined in the design: the static systems installed in fixed positions and the dynamic systems installed in a moving robot i.e., a quadruped robot or a drone. The Baltanás pilot site has served as the primary testing platform, enabling accelerated prototyping and iterative improvement before deployment across additional pilot locations. This paper presents the design criteria, system architectures, and performance evaluation of these sensor networks, including thermal–humidity probes, volumetric water content sensors, wind measurement systems, pollution monitors, and two generations of visitor counting devices.

Abstract: Background: Accelerating sustainable food system transitions requires spatially explicit integration of local production conditions and nutritional priorities, yet such assessments remain scarce, particularly for low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Despite methodological advances, most Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) remain focused on high-income, industrialized production systems, depend on proprietary data and software, and frame impact assessments solely around resource efficiency without reference to safe operating spaces. Methods: We developed a spatially explicit nutritional LCA (nLCA) framework and model: Local Environmental and Nutritional Scoring (LENS). Integrating geospatial environmental data with a comprehensive nutritional score to capture both local agroecological conditions and dietary requirements, LENS normalizes and aggregates environmental impacts against spatially resolved sustainability thresholds. We applied LENS across six environmental impact categories at sub-national scale in Kenya and Rwanda. Findings: Results reveal strong context dependency. Wild-caught seafood and vegetables from low-input systems consistently achieve the highest enviro-nutritional efficiencies across both countries, while starchy staples and poultry tend to rank lowest. In Kenya specifically, many terrestrial animal products score comparably to plant-source foods – a pattern less pronounced in Rwanda. Water use, greenhouse gas emissions, and potential biodiversity loss contribute most to overall scores, with substantial variation within food groups, between co-products, and across geographic landscapes. Interpretation: LENS provides a scalable, open-source template for enviro-nutritional analysis in data-scarce environments. As our case studies show, results are most meaningful at the landscape level rather than as independent benchmarks, making locally grounded assessment essential for informing food system governance and production decisions in LMICs.

Abstract: The cosmological horizon is not a smooth surface but a mosaic of Planck‑sized quantum pixels – spin‑network punctures. In the early Universe, a far‑from‑equilibrium Coherent–Decoherent Spacetime Transition (CDST) scrambled these pixels, leaving behind a decohered gas of gravitational quanta: a virtual foam. This work shows that the entropy of this foam is the dark energy. Using the boundary‑state counting of Group Field Theory (GFT), we reproduce the Bekenstein–Hawking horizon entropy S = A/(4G). We then define the active foam fraction α_foam, the share of horizon microstates actually occupied by the foam. In the simplest picture, α_foam is simply the fraction of horizon punctures that are decohered and contribute to the cosmic acceleration. Horizon thermodynamics yields the scaling \( \rho_{\mathrm{DE}} \simα_{foam}^{\mathrm{eff}} M_{\mathrm{P}}^{2} H^{2} \), where \( α_{foam}^{\mathrm{eff}} \) absorbs the dynamical temperature correction. The present‑day dark‑energy density parameter is thus \( {\Omega_{\mathrm{DE},0} = \alpha_{\mathrm{foam},0}^{\mathrm{eff}}} \). The observed Ω_DE,0 ≈ 0.69 fixes \( \alpha_{\mathrm{foam},0}^{\mathrm{eff}} \) ≈ 0.69; for the benchmark late‑time background adopted here, the underlying fraction of activated horizon punctures is α_foam,0 ≈ 0.95, a perfectly natural order‑one efficiency. To obtain a consistent expansion history, we embed this holographic scale into a thawing quintessence model with an exponential potential \( V(\bar\phi)=V_{0}\,e^{-\lambda_{\mathrm{DE}}\bar\phi/M_{\mathrm{P}}} \). The slope λ_DE ≃ 0.65 is semi‑analytically estimated from the scaling dimension of the dominant foam operator at the GFT fixed point. Numerical integration yields the equation of state w₀ ≃ -0.86, w_a ≃ -0.15 and a mild suppression of structure growth relative to ΛCDM – predictions that can be stringently constrained by Stage‑IV surveys. A Gaussian entropy formula for α_foam and an illustrative horizon‑cell constraint \( f_{\mathrm{act}}\,\bar{s}\simeq 5.97 \) provide concrete targets for future GFT decoherence calculations. The model also offers a microscopic sequestering argument for the absence of leading fifth forces. The work unifies the microscopic origin of black‑hole entropy with the late‑time cosmic acceleration, turning the dark‑energy puzzle into a quantitatively well‑posed target for future GFT decoherence calculations.

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a major global public health challenge, with prevalence rising due to aging populations, urbanization, sedentary lifestyles, and dietary changes. Effective glucose monitoring is essential for diagnosis, treatment, and long-term disease management, driving significant research into improved sensing technologies. Conventional invasive and minimally invasive glucose monitoring methods often cause discomfort and reduce patient compliance, motivating the development of non-invasive alternatives. Recent advances in photonics, biomedical engineering, nanotechnology, wearable devices, and artificial intelligence have accelerated the emergence of innovative glucose sensing approaches capable of improving comfort, safety, and monitoring frequency. This review presents a comprehensive overview of recent non-invasive glucose monitoring technologies reported in the literature, including optical, electromagnetic, nanotechnology-based, and physiological sensing methods evaluated through human studies, biological samples, or tissue-equivalent models. The underlying sensing principles, measurement sites, performance characteristics, and practical implementation challenges of these technologies are discussed. Particular attention is given to the integration of machine learning algorithms, which have demonstrated significant potential for enhancing glucose prediction accuracy and supporting real-time monitoring applications. The review also critically examines the advantages, limitations, clinical feasibility, and commercialization prospects of existing technologies, highlighting the key barriers that continue to impede widespread adoption. By consolidating recent developments across multiple scientific and engineering disciplines, this work provides researchers, clinicians, and technology developers with a concise assessment of the current state of non-invasive glucose sensing and identifies future research directions necessary for advancing reliable, accurate, and user-friendly next-generation diabetes management systems.

Abstract: Freshwater scarcity in arid and semi-arid regions, coupled with increased population density, leads to greater demand and pressure on aquatic ecosystems and limited groundwater resources. This study, conducted using the PRISMA 2020 methodology, aims to evaluate the effectiveness and sustainability of hybrid technologies that combine advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) with biological filtration in the treatment of urban and industrial wastewater. A systematic review was conducted between 2015 and 2025 using six main databases (Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, PubMed, and Google Scholar). A total of 1,248 studies were identified, but only 78 met the eligibility criteria and were therefore included in the quantitative analysis. The results showed that hybrid systems, such as ozone biofiltration, Fenton-MBR, and photocatalytic biofilm, have higher removal efficiencies for COD (>95%), microorganisms (>90%), and pathogens (>99%), with minimal residual sludge. The environmental assessment also demonstrates the strong potential of these processes when integrated into arid regions like southwestern Algeria, thanks to their contribution to conservation of biodiversity and sustainable reuse of treated wastewater. Through this study, our objective is to highlight the role of integrated approaches in circular water management, as well as the urgent need to standardize protocols to assess the magnitude of long-term environmental impacts.

Abstract: Two foundational problems afflict our description of gravity: ultraviolet divergences in its quantum formulation and a curvature singularity at the Big Bang in its classical one. Both are addressed here by imposing a single kinematic restriction — a Planck-scale mode cutoff on the temporal frequency in conformal time, |k| ≤ ℓₚ⁻¹, on a massless spin-2 field propagating in a structureless void — and deriving its consequences. For the radiation-dominated FLRW case this is equivalent to restricting the spatial momentum magnitude to sub-Planckian values in the comoving frame. The band-limited projection of the singular scale factor a(η) = |η|/ℓₚ yields the closed-form entire function aᴿᵉᶢ(η) = (2/π)[(η/ℓₚ) Si(η/ℓₚ) + cos(η/ℓₚ)], with strictly positive global minimum aᴿᵉᶢ(0) = 2/π and Kretschmann scalar Kᴿᵉᶢ(0) = (3/4)π⁴ℓₚ⁻⁴ ≈ 73.06 ℓₚ⁻⁴; both are parameter-free. The classical Big Bang singularity is replaced by a smooth bounce whose properties are fixed by ℓₚ alone. Two formal results follow from the same restriction: the Deser bootstrap produces the Einstein–Hilbert action within the restricted field space, and all graviton loop integrals are finite by power counting. A companion paper [34] addresses the gauge-consistency question on which both rest, proving an exact one-loop transverse-traceless Ward identity at all sub-Planckian momenta, bounding the deviation from general relativity by a measured function f(k) ≈ k/Mₚ that is of order 10⁻⁶⁰ at cosmological scales, and quantifying the residual Planck-scale breaking of nonlinear diffeomorphism invariance as a prediction rather than an inconsistency. The regulated metric satisfies the projected Einstein equations with a geometry-derived effective stress-energy that recovers radiation asymptotically; the consistency check is given in Section 5.5.

Abstract: We present a predictive dark‑energy scenario rooted in the Group Field Theory (GFT) condensate cosmology framework. Matter particles are localised coherent excitations — private spacetimes — that perturb the global FLRW metric. The homogeneous condensate gives a negligible vacuum energy, while the incoherent virtual foam of Planck‑scale 4‑simplices provides dark energy. Its collective effect is modelled by a minimally coupled scalar field \( \bar\phi \) with a natural initial amplitude ~ M_P and an exponential potential \( V(\bar\phi)=V_0 e^{-\lambda_{\rm DE}\bar\phi/MP} \), adopted as a well‑motivated effective ansatz. The minimal coupling is supported by an explicit projection calculation showing that the foam collective mode is orthogonal to the original condensate modulus. Working in the physical frame where the Planck mass is constant and matter is minimally coupled, we avoid fifth‑force issues. Using the covariant entropy bound on the apparent horizon, the energy scale of the foam is shown to be parametrically of order M_P²H₀², naturally explaining the meV scale. The slope λ_DE is estimated semi‑analytically from the scaling dimension of the leading foam operator, giving λ_DE ~ 0.65, and further constrained by cosmological data. After fixing the potential normalisation V₀ to the observed dark‑energy density, the dynamics is controlled by this single parameter. A numerical integration of the thawing scalar yields an equation of state with w₀ ≃ -0.86, w_a < 0, and a suppression of linear matter growth relative to ΛCDM, in broad agreement with current observations. A Fisher forecast indicates that Stage‑IV surveys (DESI, Euclid) will decisively distinguish this model from a cosmological constant. In contrast to recent GFT‑based phantom dark‑energy models, this model predicts a thawing evolution with a clear observational signature. Detailed derivations and all numerical checks are provided in the accompanying Supplementary Material.

Abstract: Background/Objectives: Traditionally classified as nutrients or micronutrients, vitamins can now be viewed as multi-functional excipients that have considerable potential within the context of pharmaceutical formulation science. Due to their physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant nature, and stabilizing action, vitamins are able to serve functions that go beyond their nutritional applications. These include but are not limited to solubility, increased permeation, controlled release, as well as synergistic stabilization and enhancement of the active ingredient(s). Results: The current work presents the synthesis of information available to date regarding the classification, mechanisms, and excipient properties of vitamins and their role in novel drug delivery systems development. In addition to the conventional classification into water-soluble and fat-soluble, some other classification criteria are used based on the chemical nature of vitamins. Water-soluble vitamins are mainly used to facilitate oxidation and pH adjustments whereas fat-soluble vitamins are mostly employed in lipid-based systems due to solubilizing and antioxidative effects. Conclusion: Vitamin-based mechanisms such as the surfactant effect of TPGS (vitamin E), oxidation and reduction reactions in vitamin C, or hydrotropy in niacinamide illustrate active involvement of vitamins in enhancing bioavailability and improving the formulation. Novel areas of application range from vitamin-functionalized nanocarriers to receptor-targeted ligands and incorporation into 3D-printed drug delivery platforms.

Abstract: We study support-determined constraints for eigenvectors of nonnegative symmetric tensors whose support may contain repeated indices. Such tensors are naturally encoded by uniform multi-hypergraphs, where each multiedge is represented by an exponent vector \( \alpha\in\mathbb N_0^n\ \) with \( |\alpha|=k\ \). Replacing the ordinary vertex-edge incidence matrix by the exponent-incidence matrix, we show that every nonzero-eigenvalue H-eigenvector satisfies linear incidence constraints in the transformed coordinates \( y_i=x_i^k\ \). These constraints are invariant under positive scalar edge weights and reduce to the usual support-incidence constraints for ordinary squarefree hypergraphs. We also describe the positive branch of the resulting constraint variety and prove a positive-weight realization criterion: a positive vector \( x\ \) can be realized as an eigenvector of some positive edge-weighting of a fixed multi-hypergraph if and only if \( x^{[k]}\ \) lies in the positive cone generated by the exponent-incidence columns. Thus the exponent-incidence constraint variety gives a linear algebraic relaxation, while the positive exponent-incidence cone gives the exact positive-weight realization region.

Abstract: We show that the electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions, together with one complete generation of Standard-Model matter, arise on a finite arithmetic substrate as the gauging of its relational frame data, where a cell-local change of frame is a gauge symmetry and the connection that compensates it across the substrate is the field. The three interactions are the substrate's three internal frame data — the multiplicative phase, the spinorial extension, and the colour frame — each gauged by this single argument. Electromagnetism is built exactly: electric charge is a quantised winding index, the photon is massless because the drive conserves the phase cycle, the Coulomb law is gravity's own lattice Green's function differing only in sign and spin. Furthermore, Maxwell is the unique relevant gauge action, where gauge invariance itself annihilates the lattice's anisotropy. The bare coupling is the phase-channel capacity \(1/4\pi\), and the \(10^{36}\) electromagnetic-to-gravitational hierarchy is a reading of the substrate size \(\Omega\sim10^{122}\). Electroweak breaking is the misalignment of the split torus carrying the drive and the non-split torus carrying isospin, giving the massless photon, the custodial \(\rho=1\) exactly, and the Weinberg angle \(\sin^2\theta_W=\mathrm{Tr}(T_3^2)/\mathrm{Tr}(Q^2)=3/8\) for a complete generation. Colour \(\mathrm{SU}(3)\) is realised as the special unitary group of a Hermitian three-form over the spinor extension, confinement its compact-group area law, with the \(\mathbb{Z}_3\) triality centre present when \(\Omega\equiv2\pmod3\). One complete generation is derived as the spinor \(\mathbf{16}\) of the rank-five internal frame \(\mathbb{C}^3\oplus\mathbb{C}^2\), including all its gauge representations, hypercharges, charges, anomaly freedom, and a right-handed neutrino. Finally, the four interactions are the four primitive arithmetic roles: their closure forbids a fifth force, and its generative/non-generative split yields one bosonic carrier and exactly three fermion generations, with simple unification \(\mathrm{SO}(10)\) forced by the same relational ontology and chirality fixed by the drive. Every exact claim is verified in finite, finite-field, or cyclotomic arithmetic; the continuum enters only as a labelled degenerate idealisation.

Abstract: This study examines the impact of regrinding on the interfacial properties of sulfide minerals and the flotation performance of weathered copper-porphyry tailings. The feed material is characterized by a low copper grade (0.17%) and a high proportion of oxidized species (53.84%), which contributes to its inherent chemical stability and poor flotation kinetics. The findings indicate that regrinding serves a dual role: facilitating the liberation of mineral intergrowths and inducing mechanical surface renewal. This renewal is characterized by a significant decrease in the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and an intensification of the surface reactivity. Experimental results identify an optimal grinding fineness of 77-81% passing -0.045 mm, yielding a copper recovery of 16.26% in the absence of a sulfidizing agent. The integration of sodium sulfide (400 g/t) with regrinding significantly enhances recovery to 36.37%, driven by the establishment of a reducing environment (ORP ≈ -150 mV) and the chemisorption-mediated activation of mineral surfaces. While ultrafine grinding (90-100% passing -0.045 mm) further increases recovery to 51.47%, it is accompanied by deleterious sliming effects and a subsequent loss of process selectivity. The study confirms that mechanical surface rejuvenation and the optimization of electrochemical conditions are critical for improving the processing efficiency of anthropogenic resources. providing a theoretical framework for establishing rational beneficiation regimes.

Abstract: CFRP–steel composite strengthening systems are widely used in engineering; however, interface debonding and internal material defects easily lead to overall structural failure, requiring high-precision and quantitative detection methods. In this paper, lead magnesium niobate–lead titanate (PMN–PT) piezoelectric single crystals are used as sensing elements to develop high-sensitivity externally bonded piezoelectric sensors. Combined with ultrasonic guided-wave active detection technology, identification and quantitative evaluation of CFRP–steel interface debonding and CFRP groove defects are systematically carried out. Disperse software is used to analyze the dispersion characteristics of CFRP and steel plates, and 150 kHz is determined as the optimal excitation frequency to effectively suppress multi-mode interference. Specimens with gradient debonding lengths (0–40 mm) and CFRP groove specimens with different geometric parameters are designed. A “pitch–catch” PMN–PT sensing scheme is adopted to collect ultrasonic time-domain signals, extract the first-arrival wave amplitude, and construct a damage index (DI). The experimental results show that the first-arrival wave amplitude changes monotonically with increasing debonding length, and the damage index exhibits a good linear correlation with debonding length. For CFRP groove defects, the first-arrival wave amplitude increases with groove length and decreases with groove depth, enabling effective differentiation of geometric differences. The study confirms that PMN–PT piezoelectric sensing combined with ultrasonic guided-wave technology can sensitively identify CFRP–steel interface damage and achieve quantitative assessment, providing reliable technical support for the health monitoring of CFRP-strengthened steel structures.

Abstract: We present a causal, falsifiable law of observer-indexed entropy retrieval dynamics in which the growth rate of retrievable entropy is proportional to the remaining entropy gap and modulated by a hyperbolic-tangent onset at a characteristic proper time tau_char. Unlike ensemble-averaged, non-causal Page-curve phenomenology, the law is derived from bounded split-regularized Tomita-Takesaki modular flow and admits an inverse map for extracting observer-indexed retrieval rates from measured correlation structure. The framework supplements global entropy conservation with a Lorentzian-causal access process: conserved information becomes operationally relevant to a finite observer only when it enters that observer's bounded modular-access domain.The model predicts a joint, experimentally testable signature in the g²(t₁,t₂) correlation envelope, including constrained saturation, protocol-dependent separation, inverse gamma recovery, finite-resolution robustness, and interference suppression under controlled asymmetry. Numerical results in a finite-bond-dimension tensor-network proxy, evaluated at D=4 and D=8, are consistent with the derived law, and adversarial verification against matched saturating, shared-envelope, label-permuted, time-jittered, and non-gap alternatives shows that generic saturation does not reproduce the full observer-indexed retrieval signature. A redshift-weighted Ryu-Takayanagi representation situates the retrieval dynamics within holographic geometry without invoking replica-wormhole or island constructions as the source of the retrieval law.The result reframes the black-hole information paradox as a bounded-access dynamics problem rather than a contradiction in entropy accounting. On this formulation, information conservation, formal reconstruction, and finite-observer retrieval are distinct operations; the apparent paradox arises when they are treated as interchangeable. Here Smax denotes the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy, gamma(tau) the modular-flow retrieval rate, and tau_char the characteristic proper-time scale.

Abstract: Background & Objectives: Endovascular embolization has matured into a sophisticated, precision-guided discipline that is central to the management of complex neurovascular pathologies. This review synthesizes contemporary treatment strategies, evaluating the advanced material characteristics of conventional inert liquid polymers, specifically non-adhesive ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) copolymers and adhesive cyanoacrylates, alongside their targeted clinical applications in brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs), dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs), hypervascular intracranial tumors, and chronic subdural hematomas (CSDH). Furthermore, it examines the critical material and hemodynamic constraints that limit these agents in cerebral aneurysm repair. Methods: A comprehensive literature synthesis through mid-2026 was integrated with peer-reviewed clinical illustrations to evaluate both procedural mechanics and the necessity of post-procedural physiological management. Review Findings: Embolization serves a critical dual role: as a definitive curative therapy and as an essential preoperative or radi-osurgical adjunct. As demonstrated by recent clinical validations, technical angiographic success must be closely coupled with vigilant neurocritical oversight to manage profound, localized hemodynamic shifts. The field is rapidly transitioning away from inert me-chanical occlusion toward a highly integrated approach. The convergence of stimu-li-responsive "smart" hydrogels and endovascular robotics promises to transform these interventions into dynamic, bioactive platforms capable of modulating disease-specific mechanisms, such as BMP signaling in bAVMs or the VHL/VEGF axis in hypervascular tumors. This review further analyzes landmark data, including the definitive STEM trial for CSDH, providing a roadmap for translating these advanced material sciences into standardized, multidisciplinary neurointerventional care.

Abstract: We introduce a generalized fixed-point framework based on $d$-$\psi$-$\varepsilon$-contractions and weak $d$-$\psi$-$\varepsilon$-contractions, where the contraction metric and the metric in which the space is complete may be different and the comparison function belongs to the class $\Psi_0(\varepsilon)$. This setting extends several classical fixed-point principles and yields existence, uniqueness, localization, and convergence results for Picard iterations. The theory is applied to nonlinear integral equations and to their quadrature approximations. By introducing suitable invariant sets and a \(\psi\)-\(\varepsilon\)-max inequality, existence and uniqueness results are obtained under assumptions that are substantially different from classical Lipschitz-type conditions. The developed framework is further extended to quadrature integral equations generated by numerical integration formulas. Sufficient conditions are established for the existence and uniqueness of solutions as well as for the convergence of the associated Picard sequences. The theoretical results guarantee convergence of the discrete iterations under appropriate assumptions, thereby providing a direct connection between fixed-point theory and numerical computation. Several examples, including Chandrasekhar-type integral equations and nonlinear weighted integral equations with singular kernels, are presented to illustrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed approach. Numerical experiments confirm the theoretical findings and demonstrate the accuracy of the resulting quadrature-Picard schemes.

Abstract: Objectives: This study investigated the effects of augmented reality motor training (ARMT) on gait and balance in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: Thirty five children with spastic uni- and bilateral CP, aged 7–12, years were randomly assigned to two groups. One group (n = 20) underwent ARMT while wearing a VR headset, with five 30-min. sessions per week as part of their 4-week conventional rehabilitation. The control group (n = 15) participated in a 4-week conventional rehabilitation without AR exercises. Before and after rehabilitation all children performed a 10-meter walking test with a G-walk sensor, a one-leg balance task from the MABC-2 test, and the Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS). Results: The ARMT group demonstrated a significant decrease in the coefficient of variability (%) for three variables of the stride cycle, an improvement in total PBS score, longer duration of left-leg stance, and longer duration of stance on the less affected side, as compared to the control group. Conclusions: The study suggested that after just 4 weeks, movement training with balance and gait exercises performed in AR could lead to stabilization of gait patterns, accompanied by improved balance.