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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1244.v1

Oil-Coated Ammonium Sulfate Improve Maize Nutrient Uptake and Prevent Nitrogen Leaching Rates in Sandy Soil

Shuangdui Yan, Xinyu Dong, Huishu Jiang, Yu Liu, Ying Han, Tanwen Guo, Yanhui Zhang, Juan Li, Qiuyan Yan

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: ammonium sulfate; nitrogen leaching rate; nitrogen uptake; maize yield

Online: 18 April 2024 (14:11:57 CEST)

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Ammonium sulfate has been utilized in agriculture; however, there is a dearth of research on its application in maize cultivation subsequent to the implementation of nitrification inhibitors or coating. This study aims to analyze the impacts of various combinations of ammonium sulfate fertilizers on soil nutrients, plant nutrient uptake, yield, and fertilizer utilization efficiency in maize cultivation to ascertain the optimal and stabilized disposal method for ammonium sulfate. A completely randomized design was employed with five treatments (AU, the control using urea; AS, treatment using ammonium sulfate; ASN, treatment using ammonium sulfate with a nitrification inhibitor; ASG, treatment using oil-coated ammonium sulfate; ASD, treatment using oil-humic acid-coated ammonium sulfate). Results showed that: (1) Compared with AU and AS, ASN, ASG and ASD decreased the leaching rates of TN, NH4+-N and NO3-N to the 10-20 cm soil layer, and more residual N was obtained in 0-10 cm soil layer. The first-order kinetic equation Nt=N0(1-e-kt) can better fit the process of nitrogen accumulation and release, and the N release rate constant is AU>CK>AS>ASH>ASN>ASD; (2) Compared with AU and AS treatments, the plant dry weight, grain dry weight, spike width, spike length, and yields of maize increased by 8.85-11.08%, 12.98-14.15%, 2.95-3.52%, 5.50-5.65%, and 43.21-51.10% under ASG treatment respectively. The impact of effective spike number on maize yield was found to be significant, as demonstrated by the path analysis conducted in this study. Furthermore, the accumulation levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium within above-ground plants significantly increased under the ASG treatment compared to the AU and AS treatments. The partial productivity of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium increased by 1.43-1.51-fold under ASG treatment, while grain nitrogen balance, grain phosphorus balance, and grain potassium balance increased by 1.41-1.58-fold, 1.51-1.95-fold, and 1.15-l.96-fold respectively. The oil-coated ammonium sulfate, therefore, exhibited the optimal slow-release effect of nutrients, thereby achieving superior performance in enhancing maize production and efficiency.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1236.v1

Improving The Spatiotemporal Transferability of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing for Estimating Soil Organic Matter by Minimizing The Coupling Effect of Soil Physical Properties on The Spectrum

Yuanyuan Sui, Ranzhe Jiang, Nan Lin, Haiye Yu, Xin Zhang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: soil organic matter; soil physical properties; hyperspectral imagery; spectrum correction; model migration

Online: 18 April 2024 (09:15:57 CEST)

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Soil organic matter (SOM) is important for the global carbon cycle, and hyperspectral remote sensing has proven a promising method for fast SOM content estimation. However, soil physical properties significantly affect the sensitivity of satellite hyperspectral imaging to SOM, leading to poor generalization ability of the estimation model. This study aims to improve the spatiotemporal transferability of the SOM prediction model by alleviating the coupling effect of soil physical properties on the spectra. Based on satellite hyperspectral images and soil physical variables, including soil moisture (SM), soil surface roughness (root mean squared height, RMSH), and soil bulk weight (SBW), a soil spectral correction strategy was established based on the information unmixing method. Two important grain-producing areas in Northeast China were selected as study areas to verify the performance and transferability of the spectral correction model and SOM content prediction model. The results showed that soil spectral corrections based on fourth-order polynomials and the XG-Boost algorithm had excellent accuracy and generalization ability, with residual predictive deviations (RPD) exceeding 1.4 in almost all bands. In addition, when the soil spectral correction strategy was adopted, the accuracy of the SOM prediction model and the generalization ability after model migration were significantly improved. The SOM prediction accuracy based on the XG-Boost corrected spectrum was the highest, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.76, root mean square error (RMSE) of 5.74 g/kg, and RPD of 1.68. The prediction accuracy, R2, RMSE, and RPD of the model after migration were 0.72, 6.71 g/kg, and 1.53, respectively. Compared with the direct migration prediction of the model, adopting the soil spectral correction strategy based on fourth-order polynomials and XG-Boost reduced the RMSE of the SOM prediction results by 57.90% and 60.27%, respectively. The performance comparison highlighted the advantages of considering soil physical properties in regional-scale SOM prediction.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0891.v1

Seed Coat Pigmentation Plays a Crucial Role in Partner Selection and N2 Fixation in Legume Root-Microbe Associations in African Soils

Sanjay K. Jaiswal, Felix D Dakora

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: flavonoids; anthocyanin; pigmentation; soil microbes; disease resistance; nodulation and nitrogen fixation

Online: 15 April 2024 (08:46:05 CEST)

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The legume-rhizobia symbiosis is one of the most important plant-microbe interactions in sustainable agriculture due to its ability to provide much needed N to cropping systems. This interaction is mediated by the mutual recognition of signaling molecules from the two partners, namely legumes and rhizobia. With legumes, these molecules are in the form of flavonoids and anthocyanins, which are responsible for the pigmentation of plants parts, such as seeds, flowers, fruits and even leaves. Seed coat pigmentation in legumes is a dominant factor influencing gene expression relating to N2 fixation, and may be responsible for the different N2-fixing abilities observed among legume genotypes under field conditions in African soils. Cowpea, Kersting’s bean and Bambara groundnut landraces with black seed coat color are reported to release higher concentrations of nod-gene-inducing flavonoids and anthocyanins when compared to the Red and Cream landraces, hence the black seed coat pigmentation is considered a biomarker for enhanced nodulation and N2 fixation. Cowpea, Bambara groundnut and Kersting’s bean with differing seed coat colors are known to attract different native soil rhizobia, confirmable by PCR-RFLP analysis of bacterial DNA from root nodules of these legumes. Even when seeds of the same legume with diverse seed coat colors were planted together in one hole, the nodulating bradyrhizobia clustered differently in the PCR-RFLP dendrograms. In one study, Kersting’s groundnut, Bambara groundnut and cowpea with differing seed coat colors were selectively nodulated by different bradyrhizobial species. Multilocus sequence analysis showed that different Bradyrhizobium species nodulated the Kersting's bean based on seed coat color. Phylogenetic analysis also placed the bradyrhizobial isolates in close proximity to different Bradyrhizobium species such as B. vignae 7-2T, B. subterraneum 58 2-1T, B. kavangense 14-3T, B. liaoningense 2281 (USDA 3622)T, B. yuanmingense LMG 21827T, B. huanghuaihaiense CCBAU 23303T, B. pachyrhizi PAC48T, and a reference type strain of B. elkanii according to seed coat color. Using 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing, we also found significant selective influences of seed coat pigmentation on microbial community structure in the rhizosphere of five Kersting’s groundnut landraces. For example, the rhizosphere of Belane Mottled landrace was dominated by Proteobacteria, while Bacteroidetes dominated the rhizospheres of the other landraces. With legumes, seed coat pigmentation therefore plays a dominant role in the selection of the bacterial symbiotic partner.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0843.v1

Assessing the Impact of Brackish Water on Soil Salinization Using Time-Lapse Electromagnetic Induction Inversion

Lorenzo De Carlo, Mohammad Farzamian

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: soil salinization; apparent electrical conductivity; electromagnetic induction measurements; time-lapse inversion

Online: 12 April 2024 (09:51:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0417.v1

Spatial Distribution Mechanism of Soil Water-Salt Coupling Effect in Arid Saline-Alkali Farmland

Zengming Ke, Lihui Ma, Nan Shen

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: coupling effect; multifractal method; spatial distribution; soil water; soil salt

Online: 5 April 2024 (07:51:27 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0214.v1

Calcium-Based Biochar Loaded with Paenibacillus mucilaginosus Acted as an Eco-Friendly Strategy to Enhance Soil Nutrients and Plant Biomass

BO Zhang, Linshan Wang, Long Cao, Yanjiao Qi, Yamin Zhao, Zifan Wang, Hong Zhang, Huining Lu, Peer Mohamed Abdul

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: Paenibacillus mucilaginosus; Biochar; Release mechanism; RDA analyses; Microbial diversity

Online: 2 April 2024 (16:18:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0022.v1

Influence of Organic Humic Fertilizer «Tumat» on the Productivity of Sugar Beet

Beibut Suleimenov, Gulmira Kaisanova, Mariya Suleimenova, Samat Tаnirbergenov

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: светло-каштановые почвы, органическое гуминовое удобрение, сахарная свекла, урожайность, сахаристость.

Online: 1 April 2024 (10:28:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1784.v1

Green Roof Substrate Microbes: Stress-Tolerant Communities Characterized by the Aeromicrobiome?

Thomas Van Dijck, Vincent Stevens, Laure Steenaerts, Sofie Thijs, Carmen Van Mechelen, Tom Artois, François Rineau

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: bacteria; fungi; microbes; urban; green roof; Aeromicrobiome

Online: 28 March 2024 (14:25:24 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1378.v1

Agroecological Transformation: Implementation of an Agroforestry System in a Construction Debris Area Focusing on Vegetables Development through Microbial Treatments

Thiago Fernandes Rodrigues, Marina Paes Machado Itkes, Giovanne Brogiato, Victor Augusto Reis Marques, Valdir Martins, Carlos Orlando Villarraga, Elisa Esposito

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: Inoculant; soil biodiversity; agroforestry system

Online: 22 March 2024 (13:12:46 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1281.v1

NaCl Modifies Biochemical Traits in Bacterial Endophytes Isolated from Halophytes: Towards Salinity Stress Mitigation Using Consortia

Jesús Adrián Barajas González, Yersain Ely Keller de la Rosa, Rogelio Carrillo González, Ma. del Carmen Angeles González-Chávez, María Eugenia Hidalgo Lara, Ramón Marcos Soto Hernández, Braulio Edgar Herrera Cabrera

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: plant growth-promoting bacteria; solubilization; salinity; enzyme activity; organic acids; food safety; plant fitness.

Online: 21 March 2024 (13:54:42 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1096.v1

Importance of Soil Health for Coffea spp Cultivation, from a Cooperative Society in Puebla, Mexico

Carol Meritxell Molina-Monteleón, Amparo Mauricio-Gutiérrez, Rosalía Castelán-Vega, José Victor Tamariz-Flores

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: soil quality; soil fertility; crop management; agroecosystem

Online: 19 March 2024 (05:27:38 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0746.v1

Rainfall Potential and Consequences on Structural Soil Degradation of the Most Important Agricultural Region of Mexico

Norzagaray Campos Mariano., Muñoz Sevilla P., Montiel Montoya J., LLanes Cardenas O., Ladron de Guevara Torres M., Serrano García L.A.

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: precipitation; soil degradation; climate variability; spectrum and soil management

Online: 13 March 2024 (17:02:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0056.v1

Design of an Ultrasound Sensing System for Estimation of the Porosity of Agricultural Soils

Stuart Bradley, Chandra Ghimire

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: Soil porosity; Ultrasound; Ultrasonic arrays; Reflected ultrasound; Specular and diffuse ultrasound reflections.

Online: 1 March 2024 (14:04:43 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1632.v1

Machine Learning and Linear Regression Models for Mapping Soil Properties and Albedo in Periglacial Areas Using Sentinel Imagery (Byers Peninsula, Marine Antarctica)

Susana del Carmen Fernandez, Ruben Muñiz, Juanjo Peón, Ricardo Rodriguez_Cielos, Alfonso Pisabarro, Javier Fernandez Calleja

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: Antarctic periglacial areas; albedo bare soils; Machine Learning; neural networks; Soil properties modeling; Sentinel images

Online: 28 February 2024 (15:04:03 CET)

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Byers Peninsula (62°34’-62°40’S-60°54’61°13’W), 60 km2 in size, is considered one of the largest ice-free areas in Antarctica. Since 2006, the Spanish Polar Program has taken part in a large number of environmental studies involving effects of climate changes, limnology and microbiology, live cycles, but not albedo. Surface albedo is one of the key physical parameters in the surface energy budget of polar regions. Most of Antarctica is covered by ice sheets; only about 0.44% of the area is permanently ice-free. However, in maritime Antarctica, the ice-free areas, corresponding to small islands, peninsulas, and coastal beaches, account for about 3% of the territory. To incorporate the contribution of these areas into global albedo models, it is necessary to relate the soil properties of the ice-free areas to the surface albedo response. Also, mapping soil properties and albedo have and special interest in these ice-free areas. Image classification using machine learning methods trained with georeferenced soil data could be useful for mapping soil properties and albedo in multispectral optical satellite images. A shallow neural network implemented using the Keras Python module was used to define and train models of soil properties using 15 explanatory variables corresponding to bands and spectral indices of a Sentinel image and a population of 49 soil samples taken from the top 5 centimeters of the soil profile. The soil samples were analyzed in the laboratory and a spectral library in the Vis-Nir range (350-2500 nm) was created. The albedo of the samples was integrated from the ADS spectra. At the same time, a linear regression model of albedo using the soil properties as explanatory variables was performed. The R2 fit of this new model was about 0.82 and the error of estimation was 4.1. The model was extended to the entire Byers Peninsula using the ML soil property models as explanatory variables. The RMSE of the extended models increased up to 8.2. We think that the main cause of this increase (2.6 points) is related to the error propagation, phenomenon due to the use of models as explanatory variables. However, another important part of the error increase could be due, among other reasons, to the use of an image that, although corrected, is not completely free of clouds.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1350.v1

Decreasing Soil Organic Carbon in Maize Cultivated Soil in Lowland Northern Thailand: Evidenced by the Interactions between Nutrients and Dissolved Organic Carbon

Suphathida Aumtong, Chakrit Chotamonsak, Duangnapha Lapyai

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: Maize; SOC; Available nutrients; DOC

Online: 24 February 2024 (08:51:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0876.v1

Contribution of the Soil Macro- and Microstructure to Organic Matter Stabilisation in Natural and Post-mining/Industrial Soils under Temperate Climatic Conditions

Messias de Carvalho, Krystyna Ciarkowska, Leszek Wojnar

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: gypsum soils; brownfield soils; micromorphology; pores, aggregates, undecomposed organic matter

Online: 16 February 2024 (05:34:33 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0751.v1

Effects of Erosion Control Works: Case Study –Reservoir Celije, Rasina River Basin, the Zapadna Morava River (Serbia)

Irina Stefanović, Ratko Ristić, Nada Dragović, Milutin Stefanović, Nada Živanović, Jelena Čotrić

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: soil erosion, Erosion Potential Method, erosion coefficient, erosion control works, sediment, sediment transport, slope siltation

Online: 13 February 2024 (14:24:47 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0729.v1

The Effects of Heavy Metals Pollution on Nitrogen Transformation and Volatile Organic Compounds in Paddy Soil under Different Water Management Practices

MUHAMMAD AFZAL, Sajid Muhammad, Dedong Tan, Sidra Kaleem, Arif Ali Khattak, Xiaolin Wang, Xiaoyuan Chen, Ma Liang Fang, Mo JingZhi, Niaz Muhammad, Mehmood Jan, Zhiyuan Tan

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: Heavy metals; volatile organic compounds; N cycle; Paddy soil; Water management

Online: 13 February 2024 (10:44:43 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0578.v1

The Hidden World Beneath Our Feet: Unraveling the Role of Soil Pores in the Complex Mechanisms of Soil Carbon Sequestration

Hegarty Philip James, A Unimke, S. E. Mohammed, S M Swafo, S M Yahaya, Jamila Aliyu, Benson Turyasingura

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: Carbon Sequestration; Climate change; Soil Organic Carbon; Soil Pores; Microbial Activity

Online: 10 February 2024 (08:09:23 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0530.v1

Application of a Soil Quality Index (SQI) to Assess Impacts on Stocking Rate Variations in Mediterranean Forests

Picazo-Córdoba M.I, García-Saucedo F., García-Morote F.A., Wic-Baena C., López-Serrano F.R., Rubio-Caballero E.M., Moreno-Ortego J.L., Andrés-Abellán M.

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: Stocking rate unit; Livestock unit; Forest-pasture systems; Multiparametric index; Environmental impact assessment

Online: 8 February 2024 (16:08:18 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.2241.v1

Complex Study of Settlements Dating from Paleolithic to Medieval Ages of Southern Urals on Border of Europe and Asia

Valentina E Prikhodko, Nikita S Savelev, Vyacheslav G Kotov, Sergey Yu Nikolaev, Evgeny V Ruslanov, Mikhail M Rumyantsev

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: cultural layer; forest-steppe zone; geochemistry; microbial biomass; СО2 emissions; сhemical elements; archaeological site

Online: 31 January 2024 (16:09:19 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.2140.v1

Analyzing the Impact of Storm ‘Daniel’ and Subsequent Flooding on Thessaly’s Soil Chemistry through Causal Inference

Miltiadis Iatrou, Miltiadis Tziouvalekas, Alexandros Tsitouras, Elefterios Evangelou, Christos Noulas, Dimitrios Vlachostergios, Vassilis Aschonitis, George Arampatzis, Irene Metaxa, Christos Karydas, Panagiotis Tziachris

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: causal machine learning; soil analysis; causal discovery; crop fertilization; flood; agriculture; deposition; climate change

Online: 31 January 2024 (02:55:42 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1889.v1

Monitoring of Soil Salinity for Precision Management using Electromagnetic Induction Method

Mohamed G. Eltarabily, Abdulrahman Ahmed Amer, Mohammad Farzamian, Fethi Bouksila, Mohamed Elkiki, Tarek Selim

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: Electromagnetic Induction; Soil Salinity; Monitoring; Inversion

Online: 26 January 2024 (08:39:50 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1840.v1

Tree-based Modeling for Large-scale Management in Agriculture: Explaining Organic Matter Content in Soil

Woosik Lee, Juhwan Lee

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: agricultural data analysis; agricultural business management; tree-based models; SHAP; soil organic matter; economic analysis

Online: 26 January 2024 (02:07:22 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1169.v1

Water Infiltration in different Soil Covers and Management in the Cerrado-Amazon Ecotone, Brazil

Marco Aurélio Barbosa Alves, Daniela Roberta Borella, Rhavel Salviano Dias Paulista, Frederico Terra de Almeida, Adilson Pacheco de Souza, Daniel Fonseca de Carvalho

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: InfAsper; simulated rainfall; soil and water management; soil and water conservation; Teles Pires River; principal component analysis

Online: 16 January 2024 (08:15:33 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1150.v1

Crop Conversion from Annual to Perennials: An Effective Strategy to Increase Soil Multifunctionality

Pan pan Liu, Dong Wang, Yue Li, Ji Liu, Yong xing Cui, Guo peng Liang, Chao quan Wang, Chao Wang, Daryl L Moorhead, Ji Chen

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: Land cover change; Yellow River floodplain; Crop type; Soil extracellular enzymes; Soil functions; Annual and perennial crops

Online: 16 January 2024 (02:16:49 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0696.v1

Comparison of Electromagnetic Induction and Electrical Resistivity Tomography in Assessing Soil Salinity: Insights From Four Plots With Distinct Soil Salinity Levels

Maria Catarina Paz, Nádia Luísa Castanheira, Ana Marta Paz, Maria Conceição Gonçalves, Fernando Monteiro Santos, Mohammad Farzamian

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: electromagnetic induction; electrical resistivity tomography; soil salinity

Online: 9 January 2024 (05:11:25 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0187.v1

The Complex Effect of Different Tillage Systems on Faba Bean Agrocenosis

Rasa Kimbirauskienė, Aušra Sinkevičienė, Austėja Švereikaitė, Kęstutis Romaneckas

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: Vicia faba; tillage systems; complex evaluation; CEI

Online: 4 January 2024 (01:30:46 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0153.v1

Soil Phosphorus Release Risk from Drained and Rewetted Peatlands

Paweł Sowiński, Barbara Kalisz, Michał Łopata, Sławomir Smólczyński, Mirosław Orzechowski, Agata Bartkowiak, Joanna Lemanowicz

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: phosphorus; organic soils; drainage; rewetting

Online: 3 January 2024 (10:04:10 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0140.v1

Effect of Land Use Change on Soil Loss by Water Erosion in the Niyang River Basin of Tibet from 1990 to 2020

Jianbin Guo, Zhiwei Zhang, Huiyan Yin, Lei Hou, Ying Zhang, Qiang Xue

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: soil loss; water erosion; land use change; RUSLE; Niyang River Basin

Online: 3 January 2024 (05:30:45 CET)

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The Southwest Alpine Canyon Area of China was one of the regions in the world that suffered from severe soil erosion. The focus of this research was to understand the response of land use change on soil loss by water erosion in alpine canyon on Southeast Tibet, we analyzed the characteristics of temporal and spatial dynamics of land use in the Niyang River Basin from 1990 to 2020 using GIS and statistical methods, assessed the spatial and temporal change characteristics of soil erosion in the Niyang River Basin using RUSLE model. For this purpose, the meteorological, soil, topographic, remote sensing data were collected. The results showed the area of cropland and construction land in the Niyang River Basin increased to 2.4 and 6.1 times the original from 1990 to 2020, respectively, the area of forest and water continued to decrease. Grassland, unused land and forest have always been the dominant land types in the Niyang River Basin. Tolerable soil erosion was distributed in the flat areas of the valley terraces in the main stream and its tributaries, slight soil erosion was mainly distributed in the flat areas at high altitudes, and moderate, severe, very severe and destructive soil erosion was sporadically distributed in the Niyang River Basin. The areas of tolerable and slight soil erosion exceeded 82% of the total area, The area of severe, very severe and destructive soil erosion was less than 6%, but the total soil loss amount of severe, very severe and destructive erosion was more than 27%. From 1990 to 2020, the soil erosion area decreased from 9219.34 km2 to 8,090.84 km2 in Niyang River Basin, more than 85% of the soil erosion class has not changed, and the change of total soil loss amount also shows a significant reduction trend as a whole. 99% of the total soil loss amount in the Niyang River basin is generated by grassland, forest and unused land. The conversion of various land use types to cropland will cause the enhancement in soil erosion grade. We recommend that the focus of soil erosion control in the Niyang River Basin is to protect grassland, forest and carry out scientific farming.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.2110.v1

Improved Extraction Method of Soil Nitrite

Yaqi Song, Dianming Wu, Peter Dörsch, Lanting Yue, Lingling Deng, Chengsong Liao, Zhimin Sha, Wenxu Dong, Yuanchun Yu

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: soil nitrite; deionized water; potassium chloride; oscillation time; storage duration

Online: 27 December 2023 (14:37:16 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.2080.v1

Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Soil C:N:P:K Eco-Stoichiometry of Farmland and Grassland in the Agro-Pastoral Ecotone in Inner Mongolia, China

Yanli Zhang, Miao Liu, Li Han, Jinhu Yang, Xinyao Zhao, Jiahui Qu, Lijun Li, Yunlong Bai, Dong Yan, Guannan Hou

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: C:N:P:K stoichiometry; spatial variation; land use patterns; agro-pastoral ecotone; environmental factors

Online: 27 December 2023 (09:47:12 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1845.v1

Interactive Effect of Nano Chitosan and Soil Mulching on Salt Affected Soil Characteristics and Phaseolus vulgaris L. Productivity

Nasser Abdel- Kader, Mohssen Elbagory, Mohamed E. Ahmed, Esraa Saber, Alaa El-Dein Omara, Tamer H. Khalifa

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: Biochemical soil characteristics; Common bean; Mulching; Nano Chitosan; Salt affected soil

Online: 26 December 2023 (02:35:37 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1811.v1

Exploring Soil Characteristics and Agricultural Sustainability in Western Anatolia's Colluvial Deposits

Sevda Altunbaş, Ibrahim Atalay, Muzaffer Siler, Inci Tolay

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: colluvial deposits; sustainable agriculture; Anatolia

Online: 25 December 2023 (09:22:59 CET)

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Colluvial soils play a vital role in the soil composition of western Anatolia, Turkiye, originating from the accumulation of eroded materials at the base of slopes and in closed depressions. It is claimed that colluvial lands are generally unsuitable for agriculture due to slope, shallow soil and nutritional deficiency. However, due to increasing population pressure, agriculture in colluvial lands, which are considered marginal, becomes a necessity as normal agricultural areas are limited in agricultural production. The research hypothesis posits that despite the slope, shallowness of the soil and nutritional deficiency of colluvial lands, if the appropriate plant is selected and the climate and geographical conditions are optimum, strategically important agriculture can be carried out. This study aims to characterize the soil properties of colluvial in western Anatolia, specifically focusing on their agricultural potential for olive, fig, and grape cultivation. Geological origins and topographic features of colluvial were initially assessed, followed by the collection of soil samples from both natural and agricultural areas. Comprehensive analyses were conducted on both colluvial materials and the corresponding soil samples. The findings were statistically evaluated using principal component analysis, with a subsequent discussion on the agricultural sustainability of the soils for the selected plants. The results indicate that the colluvial lands in the study area are generally unsuitable for agriculture due to factors such as slope, erosion risk, shallow soil depth, low soil organic matter, and limited nutritional capacity. However, under favorable climatic conditions, certain specialty crops, such as olives and figs, can thrive, offering economic benefits to the local population. Despite the overall limitations for traditional agriculture, the cultivation of these specific plants contributes to both the economic well-being of the region and the overall sustainability of agriculture in the area.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1638.v1

Black Soils in the Eastern Mediterranean: Genesis and Properties

Hussam Hag Husein, Rupert Bäumler, Bernhard Lucke, Wahib Sahwan

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: semi-arid; black soils; Rendzina; Chernozems; eastern Mediterranean

Online: 21 December 2023 (09:35:52 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1210.v1

Hedgerow Olive Orchard Versus Traditional Olive Orchards: Impact on Soil Selected Chemical Properties

José Rato-Nunes, José Telo da Gama, David Peña, Luís Loures, Angel Albarrán, Damian Fernández-Rodríguez, Luis Vicente, Antonio López-Piñeiro

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: Hedged olive grove; Mediterranean region; soil chemical characteristics; traditional olive grove

Online: 18 December 2023 (07:16:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0913.v1

Dynamic of Agronomic Characteristics and Plant Diversity in Lemon Verbena (Aloysia citrodora Paláu.) Cultivation in Greece

Aikaterini Molla, Alexandra Solomou, Miltiadis Tziouvalekas, Alexios Lolas, Elpiniki Skoufogianni

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: Medicinal plant; LAI; Yield; Plant diversity; Environment; Sustainability; Greece

Online: 13 December 2023 (10:51:30 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0827.v1

The Impact of Cocoa Plantation Management on Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration

Lizardo Reyna-Bowen, Geoconda López, Paola Ormaza, Saskia Guillen

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: SOC; organic matter; agroforestry; permanent crop; management

Online: 12 December 2023 (07:28:44 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0664.v1

Organic Matter Accelerated Microbial Iron Reduction and Available Phosphorus Release in Reflooded Paddy Soils

Xipeng Liu, Yuchen Shu, Kejie Li, Haotian Wang, Qingfang Bi, Haibo Wang, Chengliang Sun, Xianyong Lin

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: ; manure application; P availability; soil biogeochemistry; microbial carbon mineralization; ironcarbon cycles

Online: 11 December 2023 (09:10:43 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0636.v1

Evaluation of Soil and Leaf Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium and Micronutrient Status and Their Relationship in The Main Apple Production Areas of The Loess Plateau, China

Eakkarin Sukkaew, Tianyu Feng, Zhaoxia Zheng, Thongsouk Sompouviset, Wei Zheng, Bingnian Zhai

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: soil nutrient; leaf nutrient; nutrient diagnosis; apple orchard

Online: 11 December 2023 (07:16:50 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0499.v1

Mapping Soil Organic Carbon Stock and Uncertainties in an Alpine Valley (Northern Italy) Using Machine Learning Models

Sara Agaba, Chiara Ferre, Marco Musetti, Roberto Comolli

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: SOC stock; DSM; machine learning models; uncertainty mapping

Online: 7 December 2023 (17:03:15 CET)

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In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the spatial distribution of soil organic carbon stock (SOC stock) and the associated uncertainties in two soil layers (0–10 cm and 0–30 cm; SOC stock 10 and SOC stock 30 respectively), in Valchiavenna, an alpine valley located in northern Italy . We employed the digital soil mapping (DSM) approach within different machine learning models, including multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), random forest (RF), support vector regression (SVR), and elastic net (ENET). Our dataset comprised soil data from 110 profiles, with SOC stock calculations for all sampling points based on bulk density (BD), whether measured or estimated, considering the presence of rock fragments. As environmental covariates for our research we utilized environmental variables, in particular geomorphometric parameters derived from a digital elevation model (with a 20 m pixel resolution), land cover data, and climat-ic maps. To evaluate the effectiveness of our models, we evaluated their capacity to predict SOC stock 10 and SOC stock 30 using the coefficient of determination (R2). The results for the SOC stock 10 were as follows: MARS 0.39, ENET 0.41, RF 0.69, and SVR 0.50. For the SOC stock 30, the corresponding R2 values were: MARS 0.45, ENET 0.48, RF 0.65, and SVR 0.62. Additionally, we calculated the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) for further assessment. To map the spatial distribution of SOC stock and address uncertainties in both soil layers, we chose the RF model, due to its better performance, as indicated by the highest R2 and the lowest RMSE and MAE. The resulting SOC stock maps using the RF model demonstrated an accuracy of RMSE = 1.35 kg.m-2 for the SOC stock 10 and RMSE= 3.36 kg.m-2 for the SOC stock 30. To further evaluate and illustrate the precision of our soil maps, we conducted an uncertainty assessment and mapping by analyzing the standard deviation (SD) from 50 iterations of the best-performing RF model. This analysis effectively highlighted the high accuracy achieved in our soil maps. The maps of uncertainty demonstrated that the RF model better predicts the SOC stock 10 compared to the SOC stock 30.

Preprint SHORT NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0137.v1

Soils of the Prinevskaya Lowland and Prospects for Their Use

Ekaterina Chebykina, Evgeny Abakumov

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: Prinevskaya lowland; fallow soils; agriculture

Online: 4 December 2023 (04:38:51 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0043.v1

Synergistic Effects of Zeolite-Sewage Sludge Blends and Reduced Nitrogen Doses on Soil Carbon Fractions, Nutrient Index, and Plant Growth of Rice in Controlled Environment

Jencymol Thomas, Arun Kumar K, Balkrishna S Bhople, Vijay Kant Singh, Sanjat K. Kumar Sahu, Jayanthi J, Omkar Singh, Eman A. Mahmoud, Fazal Ullah, Ihab Mohamed Moussa, Mohamed Al-Yafrasi, Hosam O Elansary

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: Zeolite; Sewage Sludge; Nutrient Use Efficiency; Plant Growth Response; Recommended Dose of Fertilizer; Principal Component Analysis

Online: 1 December 2023 (08:06:53 CET)

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: Alluvial soils naturally possess abundant soil nutrients. Nevertheless, excessive nitrogen addition and inappropriate use of nitrogen fertilizers lead to conditions where soil nutrients become immo-bilized, ultimately reducing productivity. This study investigates the potential of natural nano-material zeolite which is important land resources to improve nutrient utilization efficiency and mitigate the harmful effects of excessive fertilizer application. Specifically, the research ex-plores the incorporation of clinoptilolite zeolite and processed sewage sludge blends, alongside reduced recommended nitrogen fertilizer doses, to evaluate their impact on soil quality and plant growth. A greenhouse experiment was conducted (three-year study), comprising eight treatments with varying proportions of zeolite and sewage sludge. The efficacy of these treatments in en-hancing soil carbon pools, nutrient indices, and plant growth responses was assessed. Results in-dicate that a combination of 50% recommended fertilizer dose, 4-6% zeolite, and 5-10% sewage sludge significantly improved multiple aspects of plant growth, including leaves, tillers, culms, and panicles, leading to increased straw and grain yields. The addition of 6% zeolite in conjunc-tion with sewage sludge positively influenced plant tillering capacity. Certain treatment combina-tions exhibited a greater impact on plant height at different growth stages. For example, the treatment with 75% recommended fertilizer dose, 4% zeolite, and 5% sewage sludge significantly affected plant height at 40 and 55 days after treatment. Additionally, the combination of 50% recommended fertilizer dose, 6% zeolite, and 10% sewage sludge promoted plant height, carbon levels, and various yield parameters in later stages. Principal component analysis effectively dis-tinguished treatments incorporating zeolite and sewage sludge based on plant responses. The combination of 6% zeolite and 10% sewage sludge, along with a 50% recommended fertilizer dose, positively influenced soil carbon fractions, nutrient levels, and the growth response of rice plants.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1809.v1

Carbon Stock in Coastal Ecosystems of Tombolos of the White and Baltic Seas

Ilya Bagdasarov, Michail Tseits, Iuliia Kryukova, Kseniya Taskina, Anna Bobrik, Igor Alexandrovich Ilichev, Junxiang Cheng, Ligang Xu, Pavel Krasilnikov

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: “ blue carbon” ; carbon sequestration; marsh; wetland; soil carbon stock; plant biomass carbon stock; Phragmites australis

Online: 28 November 2023 (10:32:05 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1500.v1

Investigating Soil Water Retention and Hydrological Properties in Retrogressive Thaw Slumps in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China

Haitao Sun, Pei Wang, Yuhua Xing, Dapeng Zhang, Siying Li

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: Retrogressive thaw slumps; Thaw slump stages; Soil water retention; Soil organic content; Soil hydraulic properties; Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Online: 23 November 2023 (10:28:07 CET)

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Retrogressive thaw slumps (RTSs) are becoming more common on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as permafrost thaws, but the hydraulic characteristics of these slumps have not been extensively studied. To fill this knowledge gap, we used the ''space-for-time substitution method'' to differentiate three stages of RTSs: original grassland, collapsing, and collapsed. Our study included on-site investigations, measurements, and simulated analyses of soil water characteristics, environmental factors, and hydrological properties. Our findings show that the measurements and simulated analyses of soil water characteristics were highly consistent across RTSs, indicating the accuracy of the V-G model in reproducing soil hydraulic parameters for different stages of RTSs. The original grassland stage had the highest soil water retention and content due to its high SOM content and fine-textured micropores. In contrast, the collapsed stage had higher soil water retention and content compared to the collapsing stage, primarily due to increased proportions of soil micropores, SOM content, and lower bulk density (BD). Freeze-thaw cycles had a significant impact on the soil texture and structure of RTSs, resulting in a decrease in SOM content and an increase in BD. However, the absence of soil structure and compaction led to the subsequent accumulation of organic matter, increasing SOM content. Changes in field capacity (FC), permanent wilting point (PWP), and soil micropore distribution aligned with variations in SOM content and water content.These findings highlight the importance of managing SOM content and water content to mitigate the adverse effects of freeze-thaw cycles on soil structure and stability at different stages of RTSs. Effective management strategies may include incorporating organic matter, reducing soil compaction, and maintaining optimal water content. Further research is needed to determine the most suitable management practices for different soil types and environmental conditions.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1181.v1

Pseudomonas fluorescens with Nitrogen‐Fixing Function Facilitates Nitrogen Recovery in Reclaimed Soils of Coal Mining Areas

Xin Wu, Xiangying Wang, Huisheng Meng, Jie Zhang, Jianping Hong

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: Pseudomonas fluorescens; nitrogen; Coal mining area; soil reclamation

Online: 21 November 2023 (10:33:13 CET)

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Coal mining has caused a significant loss of nitrogen content of soil in mining areas. This article studies the effects of organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, and combined application of Pseudomonas fluorescens with the ability of nitrogen fixation on soil nitrogen accumulation and composition in the reclamation area of Tunlan Coal Mine from 2016 to 2022 under the condition of equal nitrogen application, providing scientific basis for microbial fertilization and rapid increase of nitrogen content in the reclaimed soil of mining areas. The results showed that as the reclamation time increased, the nitrogen content and its composition structure of the soil treated with fertilization rapidly evolved towards normal farmland soil. The soil nitrogen content increased the fastest in the treatment of Pseudomonas fluorescens + organic fertilizer (MB), compared with inorganic fertilizer (CF), organic fertilizer (M), and Pseudomonas fluorescens + inorganic fertilizer (CFB) treatments, the treatment of Pseudomonas fluorescens + organic fertilizer (MB) can bring the total nitrogen (TN) content of the soil to normal farmland soil levels 1-3 years earlier. The comprehensive scores of Pseudomonas fluorescens + organic fertilizer (MB) and Pseudomonas fluorescens + inorganic fertilizer (CFB) on the two principal components were increased 1.58 and 0.79 than those of organic fertilizer (M) and inorganic fertilizer (CF) treatments, respectively. This further indicates that the combination of Pseudomonas fluorescens and organic fertilizer has a better effect on improving soil nitrogen accumulation than the combination of Pseudomonas fluorescens and inorganic fertilizer. At the same time, the application of Pseudomonas fluorescens will increase the content of unknown nitrogen (UN) in acid-hydrolysable nitrogen (AHN), and decrease the content of amino acid nitrogen (AAN) and ammonia nitrogen (AN), relatively. However, there was no significant effect on the content of ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) in soil inorganic nitrogen (SMN). When combined with inorganic fertilizer, the contribution of soil mineralized nitrogen (SMN) to total nitrogen (TN) increased by 14.78%, while when combined with organic fertilizer, the contribution of acid-hydrolysable nitrogen (AHN) to total nitrogen (TN) increased by 44.77%. In summary, the use of Pseudomonas fluorescens is beneficial for nitrogen recovery in the reclaimed soil of coal mining areas. The optimal fertilization method under the experimental conditions is the combination of Pseudomonas fluorescens and organic fertilizer.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0834.v1

Mexican Soil Mesh (MSMx): A Web Service for Efficient Man-agement of Soil Data in the Continental Shelf of Mexico

Victor M. Rodriguez-Moreno

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: Soil parameters; web service; MSMx

Online: 14 November 2023 (16:39:06 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0869.v1

Rates, Sources and Timing of Nitrogen Fertilization Influence Corn Yield in Amazon Biome

Vinicius Masala Amaral, Daiane de Cinque Mariano, Raylon Pereira Maciel, Cândido Ferreira de Oliveira Neto, Antônio Augusto Nogueira Franco, Ismael de Jesus Matos Viégas, Augusto José Silva Pedroso, Ricardo Shigueru Okumura

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: Zea Mays; Urea; Ammonium sulfate; Phenological stage

Online: 14 November 2023 (10:37:34 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0883.v1

Improvement of Saline Soil Properties and Brassica rapa L. Growth Using Biofertilizers

Rui Li, Bo Sun, Manjiao Song, Gaojun Yan, Qing Hu, Zhihui Bai, Jiancheng Wang, Xuliang Zhuang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: saline soil; biofertilizer; soil microbial community; Bacillus licheniformis; Halobacillus profundi; Brassica rapa L.

Online: 14 November 2023 (09:37:03 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1304.v2

Long-Term Effects of Plastic Mulch in a Sandy-Loam Soil Cultivated with Blueberry in Southern Portugal

Fiilipe Pedra, Maria L. Inácio, Paula Fareleira, Pedro Oliveira, Pablo Pereira, Corina Carranca

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: green high-density polyethylene mulch; microbial activity; nematode community; open-field; soil chemical composition; topsoil; Vaccinium virgatum Aston cv. Centra Blue

Online: 3 November 2023 (09:07:07 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.2040.v1

Assessing Shrub Patch Characteristics and Soil Nutrient Distribution Patterns of Four Typical Alpine Shrub Plants in the Eastern Qilian Mountains

Zhao Jinmei, Benjamin Adu, Wang Jingnan, Fan Yuhang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: Shrub patch; Alpine shrub plant; Fertility Island; Relative interaction intensity (RII)

Online: 31 October 2023 (09:16:23 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1219.v1

Recycling of Industrial Waste as Soil Binding Additives—Effects on Soil Mechanical and Hydraulic Properties during Its Stabilisation Prior to Road Construction

Ksawery Kuligowski, Witold Waciński, Marek Zając, Włodzimierz Urbaniak, Małgorzata Olejarczyk, Waldemar Cyske, Paweł Kazimierski, Robert Tylingo, Szymon Mania, Adam Cenian

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: road construction; soil stabilization; soil binders; soil compressive strength; soil capillary forces; frost resistance; waste additives; industrial waste; pyrolytic wax; emulsions; soil water absorption

Online: 20 October 2023 (11:01:31 CEST)

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In road construction, before applying an asphalt or concrete surface, the ground must be compacted and stabilized. There are two basic methods of soil stabilization: in situ and in a stationary node (ex-situ). The method of performing stabilization in place (in-situ) is the most frequently used method due to its convenience and lower price. The most popular type of binder for stabilization is a hydraulic binder (most often cement and various ashes). Such stabilization is performed at a depth of 10-50 cm, achieving the desired load-bearing parameters. In order to improve them, various chemical additives for stabilization are often used, such as ion exchange compounds, additives based on sulfuric acid, additives based on vinyl polymers or even organic additives using lignosulfonates. However, the use of such additives is associated with much greater costs and environmental burden, resulting in seeking for cheaper and equally effective alternatives. The win-win situation would be for instance recycling the problematic waste-based materials that on one hand are landfilled or impossible to recycle and on the other hand cause problems for the waste producers. Therefore, an interesting issue is the production of stabilization additives from various types of waste materials. As a result of the extensive testing of various waste-based materials blends with soil, the mechanical (compressive strength after 7 and 28 days) and hydraulic (capillary rise, water absorption, frost resistance) soil properties were measured. The optimization process led to obtaining additives compositions ensuring the best strengthening and sealing properties. These were for sandy soil: Pure foil (wax emulsion), Pure foil (wax emulsion) + waste sulphuric acid, RDF from waste tires (wax emulsion), Pure foil (wax emulsion) + “by-pass” waste ash + NaOHx2 and for clayey soil: Pure foil (wax emulsion) + NaOH, Pure foil (wax emulsion) + waste sulphuric acid, Tequant, Pure foil (wax emulsion).

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0978.v2

Soil Erosion and Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using Rock Engineering System Methodology: The Case of Mandra Fatal Flash Flood (2017) in Western Attica, Greece

Nikolaos Tavoularis

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: mandra flash flood; soil erosion; slope failure; RES; mitigation measures; landslide susceptibility

Online: 11 October 2023 (16:02:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0490.v1

Assessment of Soil Management Practices Enhancing Soil Resilience in Small-Scale Agroecosystems: Case of Mount-Lebanon

Nour Eddine Mayassi, Therese Atallah, Beshr Sukkariyah, Pandi Zdruli

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: resilience; regenerative capacity; sustainability; soil management practices; soil quality index; soil health

Online: 10 October 2023 (03:23:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0419.v1

Enhancing Tree Health through Improved Microbial Biodiversity in Soil

Vinesh Prasad, Daniel Cole

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: soil health; mirobilogy; diversity; tree health

Online: 8 October 2023 (04:33:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0296.v1

Effects of Soil and Water Conservation Practices and Slope Gradient on Selected Soil Physicochemical Properties in the Northwestern Ethiopia

Mamaru Atinafu, Kassie Getnet, Amare Gojjam

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: Agemi watershed; soil erosion; treated farmland; untreated farmland

Online: 6 October 2023 (04:17:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0262.v1

Isolation and Characterization of Erianthus arundinaceus Phosphate Transporter 1 (PHT1) Gene Promoter and 5′ Deletion Analysis of Transcriptional Regulation Regions under Phosphate Stress in Transgenic Tobacco

Murugan Naveenarani, HK Mahadevswamy, Sakthivel Surya Krishna, Channappa Mahadevaiah, Ramanathan Valarmathi, Markandan Manickavasagam, Muthukrishnan Arun, Govindakurup Hemaprabha, Chinnaswamy Appunu

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: Erianthus arundinaceus; High-affinity phosphate transporter; PHT1; 2; Promoter analysis; Tobacco transgenic; Pi stress

Online: 5 October 2023 (12:04:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.2078.v1

High-molecular-weight dissolved organic matter enhanced phosphorus availability in paddy soils: Evidence from field and microcosm experiments

Hai-Bo Wang, Xi-Peng Liu, Bing-Jie Jin, Yu-Chen Shu, Cheng-Liang Sun, Yong-Guan Zhu, Xian-Yong Lin

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: Soil phosphorus availability; Dissolved organic matter; Organic fertilizer; Competitive adsorption; Molecular weight

Online: 3 October 2023 (03:36:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0067.v1

Modelling Soil Health Indicators to Assess the Effectiveness of Sustainable Soil Management in a Mediterranean Arable Land

Chiara Piccini, Roberta Farina, Claudia Di Bene, Silvia Vanino, Rosario Napoli

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: long-term sustainability; soil health indicators; fertilization strategies; EPIC model; Central Italy

Online: 2 October 2023 (10:09:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.2169.v1

Divergent Responses of Temperature Sensitivity to Rising Incubation Temperature in the Warmed and Un-warmed Soil from a Subtropical Plantation

Yong Zheng, Zhijie Yang, Jiacong Zhou, Wei Zheng, Shidong Chen, Weisheng Lin, Decheng Xiong, Chao Xu, Xiaofei Liu, Yusheng Yang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: Warming; Soil organic carbon mineralization; Temperature sensitivity; Substrate availability; Enzyme activity; Microbial community structure

Online: 30 September 2023 (09:54:19 CEST)

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The subtropical forest soil plays a pivotal role in terrestrial carbon (C) cycling. Although global warming is expected to influence subtropical soil C cycling, a consensus on its impact on soil C dynamics remains elusive. Given the significant response of soil microbial respiration to temperature in subtropical soils, understanding its behavior under varying temperature regimes is critical for predicting soil organic C (SOC) responses to climate warming. We conducted a short-term laboratory soil warming incubation experiment, sampling both warmed and un-warmed soils from a subtropical plantation in southeastern China, incubating them at 20 °C, 30 °C, and 40 °C. Our aim was to study the SOC mineralization response to increasing temperatures. Our findings revealed that the temperature sensitivity (Q10) of SOC mineralization to short-term experimental warming varied between the warmed soil and the un-warmed soil. The Q10 of the un-warmed soil escalated with the temperature treatment (20-30 ℃: 1.31, 30-40℃: 1.63). Conversely, the Q10 of the warmed soil decreased (20-30 ℃:1.57, 30-40 ℃:1.41). Increasing temperature treatments enhanced hydrolytic enzyme activity but decreased soil substrate availability in both un-warmed and warmed soil. The Q10 of un-warmed soil was positively correlated with the response ratio of DOC. Additionally, soil microbial biomass exhibited a significant decline, leading to a reduced total amount of PLFAs and a decreased abundance of bacteria, fungi, and Gram-negative bacteria (GN). The changes in temperature also considerably altered the composition of the warmed soil microbial community. A drop in the microbial quotient coupled with a rise in the metabolic quotient indicated that warming amplified microbial respiration over microbial growth. The differential Q10 of SOC mineralization, in response to temperature across varying soil, can largely be attributed to shifts in soil nutrients, C-degrading enzyme activities, and microbial communities (the ratio of fungal to bacterial PLFAs).

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1703.v1

Using a Non-contact Sensor to Delineate Management Zones in Vineyards and Validation with the Rasch Model

Francisco J. Moral, Francisco J. Rebollo, João Serrano

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: homogenenous zones; precision viticulture; Rasch model; sensors

Online: 26 September 2023 (09:12:16 CEST)

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The production of high-quality wines is one of the primary goals of modern oenology. In this regard, it is known that the potential quality of a wine begins to be determined in the vineyard, where the quality of the grape, initially, and later that of the wine, will be influenced by the soil properties. Given the spatial variability of the fundamental soil properties related to the potential grape production, such as texture, soil organic matter content, or cation exchange capacity, it seems that a uniform management of a vineyard is not the most optimal way to achieve higher grape quality. In this sense, the delineation of zones with similar soil characteristics to implement site-specific management is essential, reinforcing the interest to incorporate technologies and methods to determine these homogeneous zones. A case study was conducted in a 3.3 ha vineyard located near Évora, South of Portugal. A non-contact sensor (DUALEM 1S) was used to measure soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) in the vineyard, and later, a kriged ECa map was generated. ECa and elevation maps were utilised to delineate homogeneous zones (management zones, MZs) in the field through a clustering process. MZs were validated using some soil properties (texture, pH, organic matter -OM, phosphorous -P2O5, potassium -K2O, sum of the exchange bases -SEB; and cation exchange capacity -CEC) which were determined from 20 soil samples taken in the different MZs. Additionally, validation was also performed using Rasch measures, which were defined based on the formula-tion of the objective and probabilistic Rasch model, integrating the information from the afore-mentioned soil properties at each sampling location. The comparison of the MZs was more evident with the use of the Rasch model, as only one value was to be employed in each MZ. The use of ECa constitutes an efficient technological tool for implementing site-specific man-agement in viticulture, which allows for the improvement of decision-making processes by con-sidering the inherent spatial variability of the soil.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1610.v1

Interactions of Metal Ions with Fulvic Acids: Particle Size Distribution, Colloidal Stability and Thermodynamic Aspects

Martina Klučáková, Jitka Krouská, Michal Kalina

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: fulvic acid; metal ion; interaction; thermodynamics; particle size; charge

Online: 25 September 2023 (07:27:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1304.v1

Long-Term Effects of Plastic Mulch in a Sandy-Loam Soil Cultivated with Blueberry at Southern Portugal

Fiilipe Pedra, Maria de Lurdes Inácio, Paula Fareleira, Pedro Oliveira, Pablo Pereira, Corina Carranca

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: green high density polyethylene mulch; microbial activity; nematode; open-field; soil chemical composition; topsoil; Vaccinium cv. Centra Blue

Online: 20 September 2023 (05:09:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1075.v1

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Community Altered by Plant Species Growing in Iron Toxicity Soil

Phakpen Poomipan, Natta Takrattanasaran, Thanachanok KhamKajorn

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; iron toxicity soil; non-Host plant

Online: 18 September 2023 (02:45:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1051.v1

The Influence of Mineral NPK Fertilizer Rates and Their Ratio on Potassium Dynamics in Soil: Data from a Long-Term Agricultural Plant Fertilization Experiment

Jonas Arbačauskas, Zigmas Jonas Vaišvila, Gediminas Staugaitis, Lina Žičkienė, Aistė Masevičienė, Donatas Šumskis

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: potassium fertilizers; nutrient interaction; metabolizable energy; balance; soil

Online: 15 September 2023 (09:36:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0871.v1

Vibration Response of Soil under Low-Frequency Vibration Using Discrete Element Method

Lipengcheng Wan, Yonglei Li, Jinyu Song, Xiang Ma, Xiangqian Dong, Chao Zhang, Jiannong Song

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: soil; low-frequency; discrete element method; vibration response; transmission

Online: 13 September 2023 (10:15:42 CEST)

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The vibration response of soil is a key property in the field of agricultural soil tillage. Vibration components of tillage machinery are generally used to reduce tillage resistance and improve work efficiency, the pressure variation under low-frequency vibration will affect the fragmentation and dispersion of farmland soil. However, the gradient of pressure variation, frequency domain response, and effective transmission range are unclear. A new method based on DEM (Discrete Element Method) is presented to study the vibration response and pressure transmission under low-frequency vibration. Bench test results showed that peak pressure positively correlates with the vibration frequency and attenuates rapidly at the vibration distance of 100 to 250 mm. The results data were also selected to determine the simulation model parameters. Amplitude, vibration frequency, and soil depth were used as test factors in single-factor simulation tests, and their effects on the peak pressure, frequency domain response, and effective transmission distance were analyzed. The results showed a positive relationship between the peak pressure and the test factors. The peak pressure increases with a maximum gradient of 19.02 kPa/mm at a vibration distance of 50 mm. The amplitude, vibration frequency, and soil depth positively correlate with the dominant frequency amplitude. The main frequency is independent of amplitude and soil depth. At the vibration distance of 250 mm, the dominant frequency is approximately twice the vibration frequency at 7–11 Hz and approximately equal to the vibration frequency at 13–15 Hz. Multiple exponential functions were used to fit the peak pressure attenuation function, obtaining an effective transmission distance range of 347.15 to 550.37 mm for the 5kPa cut-off pressure. For a soil depth of 300 mm, the vertical shear wave diffusion angle is greater than the horizontal shear wave diffusion angle. The study clarifies the vibration response of soil under low-frequency vibration, which helps to design vibration type soil-engaging components of tillage machinery and match vibration parameters for energy saving and resistance reduction in soil tillage.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0739.v1

Short-Term Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Cattle Slurry for Silage Maize: Effects of Placement and the Nitrification Inhibitor 3,4-Dimethylpyrazole Phosphate (DMPP)

Arezoo Taghizadeh-Toosi, Khagendra Raj Baral, Peter Sørensen, Søren O. Petersen

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: Slurry application method; silage maize; nitrous oxide emissions; mineral nitrogen; nitrification inhibitor

Online: 12 September 2023 (07:24:27 CEST)

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Cattle slurry is an important nitrogen source for maize on dairy farms. Slurry injection is an effective measure to reduce ammonia emissions after field application, but with higher risk of nitrous oxide emission than surface application. This study compared soil mineral nitrogen dynamics and nitrous oxide emissions with two ways of application. First, traditional injection at 25 cm spacing between rows followed by ploughing (called “non-placed slurry”), and second, injection using a new so-called goosefoot slurry injector that placed the slurry in ploughed soil as a c. 30 cm broad band at 10 cm depth below maize crop rows with 75 cm spacing (named “placed slurry”). Furthermore, the effect of treating slurry with the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) in Vizura® was tested with both application methods. The field experiment was conducted on a sandy loam soil in a temperate climate. Both nitrous oxide emissions, and the dynamics of soil mineral nitrogen, were monitored for eight weeks after slurry application and seeding of maize using static chambers. The level of nitrous oxide emissions was higher with non-placed compared to placed slurry, mainly due to higher emissions during the first four weeks. That might be due to higher rates of nitrification rate and in turn stimulation of denitrification process. In both placed and non-placed slurry treatments, Vizura® caused higher soil ammonium concentrations and lower nitrate concentrations, particularly from 3 to 8 weeks after slurry application. The final level of soil nitrate was similar with and without the nitrification inhibitor, but higher with placed compared to non-placed slurry. Adding Vizura® to non-placed slurry reduced nitrous oxide emissions by 70 % when compared to placed slurry. Surprisingly, there was a non-significant trend towards higher cumulative emissions from placed slurry with the nitrification inhibitor compared to untreated slurry, which were due to higher emissions in the last part of the monitoring period (5-7 weeks after slurry application). Possibly degradation of the nitrification inhibitor, and nitrification activity inside the slurry band as the soil dried, promoted nitrous oxide emissions by this time. In summary, placement of untreated slurry in a broad band under maize seeds reduced nitrous oxide emissions compared to non-placed slurry with more soil contact. A comparable reduction was achieved by adding a nitrification inhibitor to non-placed slurry. The pattern of nitrous oxide emissions from placed slurry treated with the inhibitor was complex and requires more investigation.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0502.v1

Study on the Geotechnical Properties Changes of Loess after Seismic Landslides: A Case Study of the Subao Loess Landslide in Ningxia, China

Da Peng, Jingshan Bo, Chaoyu Chang, Xiaobo Li, Yushi Duan, Wenhao Qi

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: Undisturbed loess; Landslide deposit; Grain size distribution,; Consolidation; Dynamic Shear Modulus

Online: 7 September 2023 (07:25:04 CEST)

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This study aims to explore the differences between loess and landslide deposits, focusing on as-pects such as particle distribution, consolidation characteristics, and dynamic shear modulus. Through a series of experiments, the research reveals the similarities and differences between these two entities, yielding several key findings. Firstly, the process of landsliding disrupts the original structure of the loess, resulting in a reduction in porosity and a densification of the soil. This alteration in structural properties leads to significant disparities in physical attributes be-tween landslide deposits and undisturbed loess. Additionally, the movement and sorting of par-ticles during landslides cause variations in particle size distribution across different sections of the landslide deposits. Secondly, the landslide process not only alters the soil's structure but also changes the particle sizes within the loess. Particle wear and sieving result in the transformation of larger particles into smaller ones, leading to a more uniform particle size distribution. This shift in structure and particle size directly impacts the consolidation characteristics of landslide deposits, resulting in a substantial reduction in compression coefficient. Despite undergoing consolidation for decades, the middle and lower sections of landslide deposits still exhibit un-der-consolidation. Although the differences in the maximum dynamic shear modulus between loess and landslide deposits at varying depths are relatively minor, differences in porosity and consolidation characteristics lead to faster decay rates of the dynamic shear modulus for the lat-ter. The study also highlights a reduction in the water sensitivity of the maximum dynamic shear modulus within landslide deposits. Based on experimental results, a predictive model is pro-posed, utilizing A and m values to estimate the maximum dynamic shear modulus of both loess and landslide deposits. In conclusion, this research uncovers the impact of landslide processes on the structure and properties of loess, providing insightful understanding into the disparities between these two entities.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0108.v1

Perspectives for Effective Long-Term Management of Carbon Stocks on Сhernozem under Future Climate

Ilshat Husniev, Vladimir Romanenkov, Stanislav Siptits, Vera Pavlova, Sergey Pasko, Olga Yakimenko, Pavel Krasilnikov

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: soil organic matter; greenhouse gases; climatic change scenarios; adaptation; long-term experiment; black fallow

Online: 4 September 2023 (15:45:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1817.v1

The Effects of Dissolved Organic Matter Derived from Agricultural Waste Materials on Phosphorus Sorption in Sandy Soils

Magdalena Debicka, Mohsen Morshedizad, Peter Leinweber

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: agriculture waste organic materials; dissolved organic matter; phosphorus sorption; sorption isotherms

Online: 28 August 2023 (09:20:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1813.v1

Thermal Stability and Resistance to Biodegradation of Humic Acid Adsorbed on Clay Minerals

Igor Danilin, Inna Tolpeshta, Yulia Izosimova, Lev Pozdnyakov, Olga Salimgareeva, Andrey Stepanov

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: clay minerals; sorption; humic acid; thermal stability; amphiphilicity; biodegradation

Online: 28 August 2023 (03:52:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1705.v1

Assessing the Nutritional Effect of Lupinus montanus on Zea mays sp. through the Use of Rhizotrons

Vicente Espinosa-Hernández, Juan Espinosa Gonzalez, Enrique Ojeda Trejo, Julian Delgadillo Martinez, Juan Celestino Molina Moreno

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: intercrooping; Maize; Lupinus; calcium phosphate; rhizotron

Online: 24 August 2023 (09:40:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0978.v1

Soil Erosion and Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using Rock Engineering System Methodology. The Case of Mandra Fatal Flash Flood (2017) in Western Attica, Greece

Nikolaos Tavoularis

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: Mandra flash flood; soil erosion; slope failure; RES; mitigation measures; landslide susceptibility

Online: 14 August 2023 (10:01:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0721.v1

Effects of Organic Manures and Bio-Fertilizer on Yield, Oil Content, and Soil Health of Japanese Mentha (Mentha arvensis L.)

Vipender Kumar, S S Walia, Vajinder Pal Kalra, Tamanpreet Kaur, Alanoud T. Alfagham, Latifah A AL-Humaid, Saud Alamri, R K Gupta, Fasih Ullah Haider

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: Consortium; Essential oil; FYM, Mentha; Organic farming; Soil health

Online: 9 August 2023 (05:21:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0162.v1

Effects of Land Management Practice Type and Slope Position on Selected Soil Physico-Chemical Properties in Agamssa Watershed, North Wollo, Ethiopia

Anteneh Asfaw Ayalew, Tadele Amdemariam Kidana, Endalkachew Fekadu Abebe

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: Area closure; Open grazing land; Soil properties; Slope position

Online: 2 August 2023 (10:42:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0107.v1

Application of the Compound Specific Stable Isotopes (CSSI) technique to evaluate the contributions of sediment sources in the Panama Canal Watershed

José Peralta, Lucas Calvo, Reinaldo Gil, Yanna Llerena, Kathia Broce, Ana Franco, Jacinto Cherigo

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: Nuclear technique, Compound Specific Stable Isotopes (CSSI), Sedimentation, Water Reservoir, Panama Canal Watershed

Online: 2 August 2023 (08:21:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0132.v1

Effect of Different Fertilization Measures on Soil Salinity and Nutrients in Salt-Affected Soils

Junyao Liu, Wenping Xie, Jingsong Yang, Rongjiang Yao, Xiangping Wang, Wenxiu Li

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: microbial fertilizer; humic acid; Attapulgite clay; soil fertility; soil salinity

Online: 2 August 2023 (03:11:45 CEST)

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Preprint ESSAY | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0080.v1

Impact of Land Cover Changes on Soil Mapping in Plain Areas: Evidence from Tongzhou District of Beijing,China

Xiangyuan Wu, Kening Wu Wu, Huafu Zhao, Shiheng Hao, Long Kang, Zhenyu Zhou

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: and cover changes; soil mapping; random forest; plain areas

Online: 1 August 2023 (10:53:33 CEST)

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The flat terrain in plain areas makes the land easily accessible for cultivation and farming, providing vast opportunities for agricultural development. Additionally, these areas are crucial for urban construction and economic growth. Soil mapping plays a crucial role in understanding soil characteristics and guiding land management practices. However, accurately mapping soils in plain regions can be challenging due to their low spatial variability and diverse land use types. This study focuses on the impact of land cover changes on the accuracy of soil mapping in plain areas, aiming to provide effective assistance in soil mapping through the analysis of their coupling relationship. Starting with a 20-year land cover change analysis, this study utilizes a unified approach that combines expert knowledge, mixed sampling methods, and random forest mapping techniques. The study incorporates environmental covariates that have minimal period influence and synergistically use NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and land cover data from the same year. The analysis is based on transition matrices, confusion matrices, and their derived indicators. The research findings indicate that Tongzhou District has experienced rapid development over the past 20 years, with the area of construction land nearly doubling. 29% of arable land has been converted into construction land, resulting in an increase in the accuracy of the soil map from 58.99% to 66.91% over the 20-year period. The soil change area during this period accounts for 16.5% of the total area, with 51.9% of the changed areas overlapping with land cover change areas. These overlapping regions are predominantly influenced by human activities. In terms of cultivated land types in the study area, the quantity of arable land has decreased by approximately 29% over the 20 years, while the proportion of sandy loam calcareous fluvo-aquic soil and light loam calcareous fluvo-aquic soil, which constitute nearly half of the soil types, has increased. These data demonstrate the coupling relationship between land cover changes and soil type variations, particularly the significant influence of human activities on soil structure. It is evident that on one hand, improving the extent of land use in plain areas enhances the credibility of soil mapping. On the other hand, human activities impact land cover, which in turn affects and reflects changes in the soil.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0019.v1

Effect of Straw Mulching + Deep Burial Mode on Water and Salt Transport Regularity in Saline Soils

Meng Zhu Li, Wei Wang, Xiao Fang Wang, Chun Mei Yao, Yuan Bo Wang, Zan Xia Wang, Wei Zhi Zhou, En Dian Chen, Wei Feng Chen

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: Straw; Mulching + deep burial; Soil evaporation; Resalinization rate; Desalinization rate

Online: 1 August 2023 (10:23:35 CEST)

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This study chose the indoor soil column test as the main method and the field test as the validation test to investigate the effects of various straw mulching techniques (surface, deep and straw mulching + deep burial) on evaporation and salt dynamics in saline soils. The results showed that straw mulching treatment could effectively reduce soil water evaporation, promote desalination in the stage of leaching infiltration and alleviate salt return in the stage of water evaporation, and the effect of straw mulching + deep burial treatment was better than that of single-layer straw mulching treatment. The indoor soil column test showed that S2D1 treatment (a 2:1 ratio of soil surface cover to the amount of straw buried 40cm below the soil surface) had the best effect on the suppression of soil moisture evaporation, and the cumulative evaporation of soil moisture was reduced by 65.85% compared with that of the CK, and the rate of salinity return in the evaporation stage was effectively reduced by 92.04% compared with that of the CK. In addition, there is a significant positive correlation between cumulative evaporation of soil moisture and cumulative soil salinity, which implies that cumulative soil salinity increases with cu-mulative evaporation of soil moisture. The results of the field experiment were consistent with the soil column test, and the S2D1 treatment was able to maintain high soil moisture content in all soil layers in all periods of the experiment and kept soil salinity in the 0-40 cm soil layer at a low level. However, in the 40-80 cm soil layer, the soil salinity suppression effect of DB treatment (straw buried at 40 cm below soil surface) was the best. So in summary, the S2D1 treatment had the best salinity and evapo-transpiration suppression effect in saline soils. This study is of great significance for the resource uti-lization of straw waste, improvement of water utilization and efficiency, and soil salinization manage-ment.

Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.2145.v1

Onsite Determination of Soil Organic Carbon Content: A Photocatalytic Approach

Karam Abu El Haija, Yi Wai Chiang, Rafael M. Santos

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: Soil organic carbon; Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD); Photocatalytic Chemical Oxygen Demand (PeCOD) analyzer; Geographic Information System (GIS); Soil texture; Climate-smart agriculture)

Online: 1 August 2023 (03:48:03 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.2008.v1

Study of the Ecological and Reclamation Condition of Abandoned Lands and their Development for Sustainable Development Goals

Shakhislam Laiskhanov, Zhassulan Smanov, Kulyash Kaimuldinova, Duman Aliaskarov, Nazira Myrzaly

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: Otyrar district; agriculture; abandoned lands; soil salinization; development of abandoned lands; organic methods; and agro-innovative technology

Online: 31 July 2023 (10:29:55 CEST)

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To provide the population with food, it is very important to re-cultivate "abandoned lands" that have been retired from agricultural use. Conversion of arable land into agricultural abandoned lands in the south of Kazakhstan is, first of all, was primarily associated with salinity. For the purposes of sustainable development, there is a need to develop proposals for re-mastering by studying their current state, reviewing world studies on the reclamation of salt-affected soils. Therefore, this study was devoted to the study of the current environmental and reclamation conditions of the abandoned lands of Otyrar district in the south Kazakhstan, as well as discussion and recommendations on their development. In the course of the research, the historical method is used in the study of the emergence and formation of abandoned lands, the method of geographical analysis during the territorial analysis of the research object, the statistical and comparison methods in showing the complexity and intensity of the problems, the cartographic, geo-informational and field research (reconnaissance) methods in the study of the condition of the abandoned lands in the research object and methods of grouping and analysis were used in the work with scientific data on the topic of research. By deciphering space images with the help of geoinformation technologies, it was revealed that the area of abandoned lands in the research object is 13688.9 ha, including the area of non-saline soils – 83.9 ha, weakly saline soils – 984.4 ha, medium saline soils – 2398.3 ha, highly saline soils – 10222,1 ha. A review of the methods and technologies proposed by scientists for the development and melioration of salt-affected lands was made. Taking into account the ecological and reclamation state of the object of research along with the material and technical capabilities of farms, 2 methods of developing abandoned lands (organic and agro-innovative) in the research object are proposed and the need for their use in case of soil salinization has been scientifically justified.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.2019.v1

Effects of Fertilizers and Conditioners on Chromium Uptake of Maize in Chromium-Polluted Farmland

Jing Zheng, Xiaotian Zhou, Yuxin Gao, Chi Cao, Hanxiu Hu, Wenling Ye, Youhua Ma

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: fertilizer; conditioner; maize; heavy metal Cr

Online: 31 July 2023 (02:56:11 CEST)

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Using agronomic measures to remediate heavy metals on farmland is the main measure to achieve the safe utilization of crops. Investigating the effects of applying different fertilizers on the uptake, and translocation of Chromium (Cr) in maize and on the effectiveness of Cr in soil under Cr contamination of farmland is of great theoretical and practical significance to achieve the safe utilization of arable land and safe production of agricultural products. Under field trial conditions, different fertilizer types were set up, including ammonium sulfite, calcium-magnesium phosphate, and diammonium phosphate. locally formulated fertilizers (urea-ammonium phosphate-potassium chloride) serving as the control, with Biochar and conditioner PX5B were chosen to compare the impacts of each. To study the effects of different fertilizer types on maize yield, Cr content in the plant, bioconcentration factor, translocation factor and available content of Cr in the soil. The results showed that Compared with the formulated fertilizer, all treatments could improve pH, soil organic matter (SOM） and reduce the effective state of Cr content in the soil by 15.05% to 42.66%. While the Cr content of maize grains treated with biochar and conditioner PX5B was 0.80 mg·kg-1 and 0.88 mg·kg-1 with reduction rates of 39.95% and 33.83%, respectively. The Cr content of maize grains treated with various fertilizer treatments ranged from 0.82 to 1.32 mg·kg-1 with reduction rates of 0.75% to 38.19%. The Cr content of maize grains could be brought down to below the national food safety standards of China(1.0 mg·kg-1) using urea – calcium magnesium phosphate - potassium chloride, urea - diammonium phosphate - potassium chloride, ammonium sulfite – calcium magnesium phosphate - potassium chloride and ammonium sulfite, urea – calcium magnesium phosphate - potassium chloride and the two conditioner treatments. Among the different fertilizer treatments, the best fertilizer treatment for reducing the effective state Cr content of soil and the Cr content of maize grains was ammonium sulfite-calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer-potassium chloride, which could achieve similar reductions as the two conditioners, while it also had a certain reduction effect on the Cr content in maize roots and straws and on the aboveground bioconcentration factor（BCF） and the root-to-straw translocation factor（PTF） of maize for Cr. Therefore, the combination of ammonium sulfite and calcium magnesium phosphate is the best fertilizer combination to block the absorption of Cr by maize and has some implications for the fertilization of farmland under acidic soil conditions of Cr contamination.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1890.v1

The Effects of Long‐Term Application of Stabilized and Coated Urea on Soil Chemical Properties, Microbial Community Structure and Functional Genes in Paddy

Yiji Zhang, Dongpo Li, Ke Zhang, Furong Xiao, Yonghua Li, Yandi Du, Yan Xue, Lili Zhang, Ping Gong, Yuchao Song, Kaikuo Wu

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: Urease inhibitor; Nitrification inhibitor; Stabilized urea; Coated fertilizer; Ni-trogen conversion functional genes; AOA; AOB; paddy

Online: 27 July 2023 (10:35:35 CEST)

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The soil microbial community serves as a crucial indicator for assessing soil fertility and health. The composition and activity of soil microorganisms reflect the soil's well-being and its ability to provide proper nutrients for crops. Fertilization plays a prominent role in enhancing soil fertility, and novel types of fertilizers, such as stabilized fertilizers with nitrification/urease inhibitors and coated fertilizers, have gained popularity in rice and maize cultivation. However, the long-term effects of these stabilized and coated urea fertilizers on soil chemical properties, microbial di-versity and community structure, as well as nitrogen cycling functional genes, remain unclear. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the impact of extended use of stabilized and coated urea fertilizers on soil fertility and microbiota in rice paddy fields. This research will provide scientific and theoretical support for the development and promotion of stabilized and coated urea ferti-lizers. To examine the effects of long-term application of these stabilized and coated urea fertilizers on soil chemical properties and microorganisms in rice paddy fields, soil samples were collected from brown soil rice paddy fields treated with various urease and nitrification inhibitors, stable urea, sulfur-coated urea (SCU), and resin-coated urea (PCU). The study revealed that 16 years of long-term use of conventional urea nitrogen fertilizer led to a considerable reduction in soil TP. On the other hand, NBPT and conventional urea fertilizers, when applied for an extended period, significantly increased soil organic matter (SOM). Moreover, except for HQ and NBPT+DMPP, the prolonged application of new urea fertilizers also signifi-cantly enhanced soil total potassium (TK). Notably, among all the treatments, PCU treatment had higher values for various soil chemical properties. In the case of SCU fertilizer used in brown soil rice paddy fields, it resulted in a significant decrease in soil pH over time. However, this change in pH did not affect the population of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), as it was primarily in-fluenced by soil available nitrogen. DMPP, HQ+DCD, NBPT+DMPP, SCU, and PCU significantly reduced the copy number of bacterial 16S rRNA genes in the soil, with the coated urea fertilizers (SCU and PCU) having a greater impact. The long-term use of stabilized urea fertilizers containing HQ significantly reduced the bacterial community in rice paddy soil. Conversely, HQ+DCD stable urea fertilizer significantly increased the population structure and abundance of Basidiomycota fungi while decreasing the population structure and abundance of Rozellomycota fungi. DMPP stabilized urea fertilizer notably increased the population structure and abundance of Ascomycota fungi while decreasing the population structure and abundance of Rozellmycota and Chytridiomycota fungi. Further-more, HQ stabilized urea fertilizer significantly reduced the population structure and abundance of Chytridiomycota fungi. It is important to note that SCU fertilizer is not suitable for long-term application in neutral to slightly acidic meadow brown soil with a background pH. On the other hand, stable urea fertilizers and resin-coated urea fertilizers containing HQ, NBPT, DCD, DMPP, and their combinations are suitable for long-term application in neutral to slightly acidic meadow brown soil.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1887.v1

Unearthing Soil Structure Dynamics under Long-Term No-Tillage System in Clayey Soils

Kopano Conferance Phefadu, Lawrence Munjonji

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: Tillage,; texture; structure; VESS; SubVESS

Online: 27 July 2023 (09:35:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1040.v1

Foliar Selenium Application to Reduce the Induced-Drought Stress Effects in Coffee Seedlings: Induced Priming or Alleviation Effect?

Gustavo Ferreira de Sousa, Maila Adriely Silva, Mariana Rocha de Carvalho, Everton Geraldo de Morais, Pedro Antônio Namorato Benevenute, Gustavo Avelar Zorgdrager Van Opbergen, Guilherme Gerrit Avelar Zorgdrager Van Opbergen, Luiz Roberto Guimarães Guilherme

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: Beneficial Elements; Tropical Agriculture; Coffee Belt.

Online: 17 July 2023 (09:26:27 CEST)

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Drought stress has been considered a major problem in coffee crops, and the higher occurrence of unpredictable environmental events has highlighted the vulnerability of agricultural systems. Several reports have indicated selenium (Se) as a plant biostimulant against environmental stress, including drought. The effects of Se in plants are related to the modulation of enzymatic activity, energetics and osmoprotectants plant content, and nutrient balance in plants. However, investi-gating the effective time of Se application is crucial for better understanding its effects on coffee plants, a drought-sensitive crop. This study aimed to investigate the role of Se supply in improving drought tolerance in coffee seedlings while also evaluating the best timing for Se application. Five times of Se foliar application were assessed during induced drought stress by PEG-6000 using the day of imposing stress as a default, plus two control treatments: i) with osmotic stress and without Se; ii) without osmotic stress and Se. The treatments were compared with both control treatments. Results demonstrated that the osmotic stress (OS) promoted mild stress in the coffee plants, as ex-pected. Plants under stress showed reduced GR and SOD activity compared with the non-stressed ones, and the OS induces starch degradation, which is potentialized by Se foliar supply, mainly when Se is applied before inducing the stress. The decline in the starch content might be considered a strategy to provide energy to coffee seedlings. The seedlings that received foliar Se application 8 days before the stress exhibited higher CAT, APX, and SOD than those that did not receive OS nor Se application. The results obtained in this study suggest that the previous Se foliar spray is more effective than the Se supply after OS to overcome the adverse condition. On the other hand, the post-stress application seems to impose extra stress on the plants, leading them to reduce the water potential.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0756.v1

Selected Properties of Soil-like Substrates Made from Mine Coal Waste and Their Effect on Plant Yields

Grażyna Żukowska, Magdalena Myszura-Dymek, Szymon Roszkowski, Magdalena Olkiewicz

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: soil-like substrates; coal waste; sewage sludge; mineral wool; yielding plants

Online: 12 July 2023 (08:04:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0370.v1

Factors Influencing Ammonia Concentrations above Corn Fields after Dairy Manure Application

Jessica F. Sherman, Eric O. Young, WIlliam E. Jokela

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: Agriculture; ammonia; liquid diary manure; nitrogen; vertical tillage; volatilization

Online: 6 July 2023 (06:58:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0173.v1

Dynamics of Organic Carbon and Predictive Management Indices in Contrasting Land Use Types on Weathered Soils of Eastern Tanzania

Dorcasy Johannes Mwakipa, Eliakira Kisetu Nassary

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: carbon sequestration; conservational land use soil health; sustainable agroecosystems; soil nutrient management; Tanzania.

Online: 4 July 2023 (09:28:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0114.v1

Geostatistical Fusion of LiDAR and Hyperspectral Data to Improve the Spatial Prediction of Sand Content in a Forested Catchment of Southern Italy

Annamaria Castrignanò, Gabriele Buttafuoco, Massimo Conforti, Mauro Maesano, Federico Valerio Moresi, Giuseppe Scarascia Mugnozza

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: Forest soils; data fusion; topographic attributes; soil spectroscopy; external drift

Online: 3 July 2023 (14:45:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.2008.v1

Selection of Salinity-Adapted Endorhizal Fungal Consortia from Two Inoculum Sources and Six Halophyte Plants

Jesús Adrián Barajas González, Rogelio Carrillo González, Ma. del Carmen Angeles González Chávez, Eduardo Chimal Sánchez, Daniel Tapia Maruri

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: Microbial inoculant; inoculum infectivity; inoculum effectivity; arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, dark septate fungi; inoculum adapted to salinity

Online: 29 June 2023 (03:22:55 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1802.v1

Forest Wildfires in Chile: Effects on Soil Degradation and Damage Mitigation

Francisco Javier Matus, Efraín Duarte, Claudia Rojas, Cecilia Smith-Ramírez, Rafael A Rubilar, Carolina Merino, Felipe Aburto, Ignacio Jofre, Alejandra Stehr, Francisco Nájera, José Dörner, Luis Morales

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: soil erosion; fire severity; ecosystem recovery; flooding risk; Chilean mega-fires

Online: 27 June 2023 (07:36:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1756.v1

Effects on Soil Chemical Properties Two Years after Application of Compost in a Hedged Olive Grove

Carlos A. Alexandre, Rui Bajouco Lopes, Jacqueline S. Leal, José O. Peça, And António B. Dias

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: organic amendments; soil organic carbon (SOC); particulate organic matter (POM-C); permanganate oxidizable carbon (POX-C); C-stock; micronutrients cations

Online: 26 June 2023 (07:13:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0669.v1

Soil Sustainability in an Integrated Production System in a Brazilian Semi-Arid Region

José Félix De Brito Neto, Fabrícia de Fátima Araújo Chaves, André Luiz Pereira da Silva, Evandro Franklin de Mesquita, Cláudio Silva Soares, Gislayne Kayne Gomes da Cruz, Rener Luciano de Souza Ferraz, Fernanda Ramos de Paiva, Kaíque Romero da Costa Araújo, Alberto Soares De Melo

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: respirometry; cover crops; conservation systems; microbial biomass

Online: 9 June 2023 (04:44:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1907.v1

Intensive Agriculture and its Effect on Soil Quality Analyzed by Quality Indexes: A Systematic Review and Global Meta-Analysis

Héctor Iván Bedolla-Rivera, María de la Luz Xochilt Negrete-Rodríguez, Francisco Paúl Gámez-Vázquez, Dioselina Álvarez-Bernal, ELOY CONDE BARAJAS

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: agricultural soil; food production ecosystems; soil quality indexes; physicochemical indicators; biological indicators

Online: 26 May 2023 (09:55:57 CEST)

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Preprint ESSAY | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1902.v1

Effects of Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Soil Carbon Leaching in Cotton Field in Arid Area

Baoyue Zhang, Zhijian Gao, Jinhu Zhi, Xinlu Bai, Lili Yang, Wenhao Xia

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: Soluble carbon; leaching loss; Water and fertilizer input; Soil carbon migration

Online: 26 May 2023 (09:41:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1739.v1

Spatiotemporal Variability in Soil Properties and Composition in Mangrove Forests in Baía de Todos os Santos (NE Brazil)

Mônica Arlinda Vasconcelos Ramos, Augusto Pérez-Alberti, Gabriel Nuto Nóbrega, Xosé Luis Otero

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: Soil geochemistry pyrites; iron partitioning

Online: 25 May 2023 (05:24:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1686.v1

The Effects of Alnus subcordata Roots on Soil Detachment Rates in Forestland of Northern Iran

Zeinab Ghasemzadeh, Misagh Parhizkar, Maryam Zomorodian, Reza Shamsi, Seyedehmina Mirmohammadmeygooni, Mahmood Shabanpour

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: Forest; Hydraulic flume; Rill erosion; Root biomass; Root weight density; Unit stream power.

Online: 24 May 2023 (04:23:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1154.v1

Response of Soil Aggregate Stability to Phosphorus, Nitrogen and Organic Fertilizer Addition: A Meta-analysis

Xiaolan Liu, Jigen Liu, Jinquan Huang, Yanfei Chen, Lu Zhang, Yujie Qi, Weiwen Li, Yi Zhu

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: Phosphorus fertilizer; Nitrogen fertilizer; Organic fertilizer; Mean weight diameter; Meta-analysis; PLS-SEM

Online: 16 May 2023 (10:42:07 CEST)

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Soil is an extremely significant resource for human survival, and agglomerates, as the basic unit of soil structure, not only enhance soil fertility and control the biological validity of nutrients, but also strengthen the soil's erosion resistance. The mass application of fertilizers may have a significant impact on crop growth and soil structure, and the rational application and dispensing of fertilizers will be an urgent issue to be addressed. Therefore, the effect of fertilizer application on the stability of water-stable soil aggregates needs to be studied under different meteorological and soil conditions to draw more general and feasible conclusions. Our Meta-analysis of data from 220 of 56 published studies found that fertilizer application increased mean weight diameter (MWD) by an average of 18% compared to the no-fertilizer treatment. Among the nitrogen (N), phosphate (P), and organic (OM) fertilizer treatments, the organic fertilizer treatment had a greater stimulatory effect on MWD (26%). Among the different fertilizer levels, low level of phosphorus (<40kg·hm-2·yr-1), high level of N (>120kg·hm-2·yr-1), and low level of organic fertilizer (<5000kg·hm-2·yr-1) increased MWD by 19%, 14%, and 41% respectively. Across soil types and land use types, the response to MWD was positive for red soils and paddy fields, and the stimulatory effect of organic fertilizer was more significant compared to chemical fertilizer. The regression model showed that the response ratio of MWD was negatively correlated with the response ratio of soil pH and bulk density (BD), and positively correlated with the response ratio of soil organic carbon (SOC) and microbial mass carbon (MBC). Meanwhile, the PLS-SEM model showed that average annual temperature was the main factor affecting the stability of soil aggregates, and the average annual rainfall is the secondary factor. Therefore, this study found that the long-term use of organic fertilizers in place of some chemical fertilizers was more effective than chemical fertilizer alone. Temperature and rainfall have greater effects on the response of fertilizer to soil aggregate stability.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0957.v1

Importance of Considering Enzyme Degradation for Interpreting the Response of Soil Enzyme Activity to Nutrient Addition: Insights from a Field and Laboratory Study

Taiki Mori, Senhao Wang, Cheng Peng, Cong Wang, Jiangming Mo, Mianhai Zheng, Wei Zhang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: enzyme degradation; nitrogen; phosphorus; protease; forest soil; tropics

Online: 12 May 2023 (13:45:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0873.v1

Chemical Fertilization Alters Soil Carbon in Paddy Soil through the Interaction of Labile Organic Carbon and Phosphorus Fractions

Suphathida Aumtong, Chakrit Chotamonsak, Paweenuch Pongwongkam, Kanchana Cantiya

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: synthetic fertilizer; dissolved organic carbon; phosphorus fractions; acidity; soil depth

Online: 12 May 2023 (03:32:40 CEST)

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Environmental and Earth Sciences