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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0226.v1

Effect of the Trip-Length Distribution on Network-Level Traffic Dynamics: Exact and Statistical Results

Jorge Laval

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Traffic flow, Macroscopic Fundamental diagram, Aggregated network models

Online: 12 August 2022 (04:07:08 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0120.v1

Mine Tailings-Based Geopolymers: Durability, Microstructure, Thermal and Leaching Properties

Xiang He

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Mine Tailings; Industrial Waste; Geopolymer; ‎Durability; Microstructure; Thermal; Leaching

Online: 5 August 2022 (09:45:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0092.v1

Numerical Simulation and Characterization of the Hydrogeomechanical Alterations at the Zafarraya Fault Due to the 1884 Andalusia (Spain) Earthquake

Manuel Mudarra-Hernández, Juan Carlos Mosquera-Feijoo, Eugenio Sanz-Pérez

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: hydrogeological effects; hydro-geomechanical modelling; Andalusia 1884 Earthquake; pore pressure effects; poroelasticity and seismicity

Online: 3 August 2022 (12:25:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0076.v1

Semi-Analytical Lower-Bound Limit Analysis of Domes and Vaults

Renato Zona, Luca Esposito, Simone Palladino, Elena Totaro, Vincenzo Minutolo

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Limit analysis of domes; Concrete caps; experiment comparison; Not Tensile Resistant Materials; Finite element

Online: 3 August 2022 (07:20:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0444.v2

Slope Safety Risk Analysis of The Embankments Made of Different Landfill-Mined Waste

Abhay Kumar Verma, Shivani Singh Dhriyan, Arun Prasad

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: FEM; Slope Stability; Plaxis; MSW

Online: 2 August 2022 (07:43:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0019.v1

Mode Choice of City Tourists: Discrete Choice Modeling Based on Survey Data from A Major German City

Jonas Harz, Carsten Sommer

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: discrete choice modeling; mode choice; travel behavior; city tourism; sustainable tourism; revealed preference data

Online: 1 August 2022 (10:13:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0018.v1

Comparative Analysis of Atterberg Limits, Liquidity Index, Flow Index and Undrained Shear Strength Behavior in Binary Clay Mixtures

Eyyüb Karakan

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: atterberg limits; fallcone; Casagrande; flow index; clay mineralogy.

Online: 1 August 2022 (10:06:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0005.v1

Experimental Study on A Reinforced Concrete Element to Extract the Durability Index with the Automated Visualization

Sadegh Lajevardi, Fereidoon Moghadas Nejad, Mehdi Ravanshadnia

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Durability; Reinforced concrete; Automated visualization; Risk

Online: 1 August 2022 (05:09:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0444.v1

Slope Safety Risk Analysis of The Embankments Made of Different Landfill-Mined Waste

Abhay Kumar Verma, Arun Prasad

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: FEM; Slope Stability; Plaxis; MSW

Online: 29 July 2022 (03:27:14 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0406.v1

Ultra-High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete: Fresh Properties

Shaker Qaidi

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Ultra-High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete; Fresh properties

Online: 26 July 2022 (10:50:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0373.v1

SimEx: A Tool for the Rapid Evaluation of the Effects of Explosions

Juan Sánchez-Monreal, Alberto Cuadra, César Huete, Marcos Vera

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: effects of explosions; blast loading; SDOF systems; thermochemistry of explosives; fragments; crater formation; damage to people

Online: 25 July 2022 (11:26:16 CEST)

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The dynamic response of structural elements subjected to blast loading is a problem of growing interest in the field of defense and security. In this work, a novel computational tool for the rapid evaluation of the effects of explosions, hereafter referred as SimEx, is presented and discussed. The classical correlations for the reference chemical (1 kg of TNT) and nuclear (106 kg of TNT) explosions, both spherical and hemispherical, are used together with the blast wave scaling laws and the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) model to compute the dynamic response of Single-Degree-of-Freedom (SDOF) systems subject to blast loading. The underlying simplifications in the analysis of the structural response follow the directives established by UFC 3-340-02 and the Protective Design Center Technical Reports of the US Army Corps of Engineers, which offer useful estimates with a low computational cost, enabling in particular the computation of damage diagrams in the Charge Weight-Standoff distance (CW-S) space for the rapid screening of component (or building) damage levels. SimEx is a computer application based on Matlab and developed by the Fluid Mechanics Research Group at University Carlos III of Madrid (UC3M), which has been successfully used for both teaching and research purposes in the Degree in Security Engineering, taught to the future Guardia Civil officers at the Spanish University Center of the Civil Guard (CUGC). This dual use has allowed the development of the application well beyond its initially objective, testing on one hand the implemented capacities by undergraduate cadets with end-user profile, and implementing new functionalities and utilities by Masters and PhD students. With this experience, the application has been continuously growing since its initial inception in 2014 both at a visual and a functional level, including new effects in the propagation of the blast waves, such as clearing and confinement, and incorporating new calculation assistants, such as those for the thermochemical analysis of explosive mixtures; crater formation; fragment mass distributions, ejection speeds and ballistic trajectories; and the statistical evaluation of damage to people due to overpressure, body projection, and fragment injuries.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0352.v1

Dynamic Shear Modulus and Damping of MICP-treated Calcareous Sand at Low Strains

Xinlei Zhang, Jun Guo, Yumin Chen, Yi Han, Ruibo Yi, Hongmei Gao, Lu Liu, Hanlong Liu, Zhifu Shen

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Calcareous sand; Microbially induced calcite precipitation; Dynamic shear modulus; Resonant column test; Reference shear strain

Online: 25 July 2022 (05:56:36 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0271.v1

Ultra-High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete: Applications

Shaker Qaidi

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Ultra-High-Performance Concrete; applications

Online: 18 July 2022 (11:07:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0207.v1

Correlation Monitoring of Predicted and Actual Strength in CUSUM Quality Control of Concrete

Tsegaye Arega, Bishwajit Bhattacharjee

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Accelerated Curing; Curing Regime; CUSUM; Quality Control

Online: 14 July 2022 (09:14:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0202.v1

Objective and Perceived Risk in Seismic Vulnerability Assessment at Urban Scale

Eliana Fischer, Alessio Emanuele Biondo, Annalisa Greco, Francesco Martinico, Alessandro Pluchino, Andrea Rapisarda

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Seismic vulnerability; Urban areas; Objective risk; Perceived risk

Online: 14 July 2022 (03:25:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0382.v1

Fibres as Replacement of Horizontal Ties in Compressed Reinforced Concrete Elements: Experimental Study

Ulvis Skadiņš

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: steel fibres; stirrups; concrete walls; self-compacting concrete; buckling of re-bars

Online: 28 June 2022 (09:59:27 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0289.v1

Flat Slabs in Eccentric Punching Shear: Experimental Database and Code Analysis

Daniel Vargas, Eva O.L. Lantsoght, Aikaterini Genikomsou

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: database; eccentric punching shear; experiments; flat slab; punching; reinforced concrete; shear

Online: 21 June 2022 (05:42:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0282.v1

The Impact of Soil Cohesiveness on Earth-fill Dam Stability under Rapid Drawdown

Timoth Mkilima

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: embankment; numerical modeling; factor of safety; soil cohesiveness; slope stability

Online: 21 June 2022 (04:33:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0259.v1

Parametric Vine Copula Framework in the Trivariate Probability Analysis of Compound Flooding Events

Shahid Latif, Slobodan P. Simonovic

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: compound flooding event; vine copula; trivariate joint analysis; joint return period; conditional return period; hydrologic risk

Online: 20 June 2022 (05:17:56 CEST)

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The interaction between oceanographic, meteorological, and hydrological factors can result in an extreme flooding scenario in the low-lying coastal area, called compound flooding (CF) events. For instance, rainfall and storm surge (or high river discharge) can be driven by the same meteorological, tropical or extra-tropical cyclones, resulting in a CF phenomenon. The trivariate distributional framework can significantly explain compound events' statistical behaviour reducing the associated high-impact flood risk. Resolving heterogenous dependency of the multidimensional CF events by incorporating traditional 3-D symmetric or fully nested Archimedean copula is quite complex. The main challenge is to preserve all lower-level dependencies. An approach based on decomposing the full multivariate density into simple local building blocks via conditional independence called vine or pair-copulas is a much more comprehensive way of approximating the trivariate flood dependence structure. In this study, a parametric vine copula of a drawable (D-vine) structure is introduced in the trivariate modelling of flooding events with 46 years of observations of the west Coast of Canada. This trivariate framework searches dependency by combining the joint impact of annual maximum 24-hr rainfall and the highest storm surge and river discharge observed within the time ±1 day of the highest rainfall event. The D-vine structures are constructed in three alternative ways by permutation of the conditioning variables. The most appropriate D-vine structure is selected using the fitness test statistics and estimating trivariate joint and conditional joint return periods. The investigation confirms that the D-vine copula can effectively define the compound phenomenon's dependency. The failure probability (FP) method is also adopted in assessing the trivariate hydrologic risk. It is observed that hydrologic events defined in the trivariate case produce higher FP than in the bivariate (or univariate) case. It is also concluded that hydrologic risk increases (i) with an increase in the service design life of the hydraulic facilities and (ii) with a decrease in return periods.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0163.v1

Application of Machine Learning Technique for Rainfall-Runoff Modelling of Highly Dynamic Watersheds

Abhinav Kumar Singh, Pankaj Kumar, Rawshan Ali, Nadhir Al-Ansari, Dinesh Kumar Vishwakarma, Kuldeep Singh Kushwaha, Kanhu Charan Panda, Atish Sagar, Ehsan Mirzania, Ahmed Elbeltagi, Alban Kuriqi, Salim Heddam

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: MARS; SVM; RF; rainfall; runoff; rainfall-runoff modelling

Online: 13 June 2022 (03:29:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0037.v1

Comparison of the Mechanical Properties of Fiber Reinforced Shotcrete at Laboratory and On-Site Conditions

Ramiro Castellanos Castellón, Marcos G. Alberti, Jaime C. Galvez, José Vera-Agullo, Raul Pina-Zapardiel

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Fracture energy (GF); energy absorption capacity (E25mm); residual flexural strength(fRj); fibers

Online: 3 June 2022 (09:46:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0003.v1

GIS-Based Spatial Analysis of Accident Hotspots: A Nigerian Case Study

Abayomi Afolayan, Oladapo Samson Abiola, Said M. Easa, Funmilayo Modupe Alayaki, Olusegun Folorunso

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: accidents; geographic information system; highway; hotspots; identification

Online: 1 June 2022 (03:58:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0401.v1

Optimization and Hydration Mechanism of Ecological Ternary Cements Containing Phosphogypsum

Jiaojiao Hou, Xiaoyang Ni, Baosong Ma

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: ecological cement; cementitious system; thermodynamic; calcium silicate hydrate; tricalcium silicate; GEM-Selektor

Online: 30 May 2022 (11:41:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0298.v1

Automatic Semantic Segmentation of Salient Patterns in Temporal Images for Digital Image Correlation-based Structural Health Monitoring of Large Structures

Christopher Chun Ki Chan, David Kumar, Chih-Hung Chiang, Alexander Ferworn

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: digital image correlation; semantic filter; structural health monitoring; unique salient patterns; wind turbine

Online: 23 May 2022 (10:38:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0232.v1

Fatigue Factor Assessment and Life Prediction of Concrete Based on Bayesian Regularized BP Neural Network

Huating Chen, Zhenyu Sun, Zefeng Zhong, Yan Huang

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: concrete tensile fatigue; neural networks; Bayesian regularization; parameter assessment; fatigue life prediction

Online: 17 May 2022 (13:53:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0195.v1

Thermal Integrity Analysis of a Raft Concrete Foundation: A Case Study of a Leaking Ethane Tank

Chirawat Wattanapanich, Thanongsak Imjai, Pakjira Aosai, Chayanon Hansapinyo, Fabio Figueiredo, Reyes Garcia

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Reinforced Concrete; Raft Foundation; Temperature Effects; Finite Element Modelling

Online: 16 May 2022 (03:59:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0177.v1

Evaluation of Axial Compression Slenderness Limits of High and Very-High Strength Steel Circular Hollow Sections

Fattouh M. F. Shaker, Kyrolos Zarzor, Sameh Gaawan, Ahmed Deifalla, Gokhan Pekcan

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: cross-section resistance; slenderness limit; high strength steel; tubular sections; very-high strength steel; cold-formed; thin-walled circular hollow sections; finite element analysis; ANSYS

Online: 13 May 2022 (04:07:01 CEST)

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Despite significant advances in metallurgy and the potential to create high and very high-strength steel, all international specifications for steel design provided little information about the limits of slenderness for high-strength steel sections (HSSs) and didn’t give anything about the design of very high-strength steel sections (VHSSs). The American structural steel design specification covers circular hollow sections (CHS) of steel grades up to S690, while it isn't in ANSI/AISC 360-16 and ASTM A514/A514M. Euro code EN 1993-1-1 can be applicable only to steel grades up to S460. EN 1993-1-3 and EN 1993-1-12 contain supplementary rules for cold-formed members and HSS (S460- S700), respectively. Though ductility requirements for (HSS) are specifically established in EN 1993-1-12, it is largely a continuation of the normal-strength-steel design procedures standardized in EN 1993-1-1, where (HSSs) are largely treated as normal-strength steels in these rules, and the same design approaches are used. The behavior of high and very high-strength steel circular hollow sections under axial compression load is studied in this research. A total of 16 nonlinear finite-element (FE) models were generated to replicate stub column tests that were experimentally tested by others in previous research. Hence, a parametric study is conducted using forty FE models developed to investigate the local buckling behavior under various slenderness ratios comprehensively. The developed models cover slenderness ratios ranging from 20 to 1226 and steel grades S460 and S1100 with yield stress equal 460 MPa and 1152 MPa, respectively. The FE results were combined with 105 previously collected experimental results to assess the applicability of existing codified design methodologies in the Euro code and the North American codes of cold-formed CHS. Based on the results of this study, new cross-sectional slenderness limits and new design equations for more efficient simple designs were presented for high and very-high strength steel circular hollow sections and Compared with the results of experimental tests and FE models.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0176.v1

Experimental Investigations of the Behavior of Stiffened Perforated Cold-Formed Steel Sections Subjected to Axial Compression

Fattouh M. F. Shaker, Zekriat Mamdooh, Ahmed Deifalla, Mohamed Yehia

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: cold-formed steel; stiffened; perforation; steel racking systems; axial compression test; ultimate capacity; experimental investigation

Online: 13 May 2022 (03:35:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0170.v1

Reliable Machine Learning Model for Shear Strength of Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened Using FRP Jackets

Moamen Gasser, Omar Mahmoud, Ahmed Deifalla

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Shear Strength; FRP; Anchorage devices; effective FRP strain

Online: 12 May 2022 (10:44:06 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0168.v1

Service Quality of Bus Performance in Asia: A Systematic Literature Review and Conceptual Framework

Muhammad Fadhlullah Bakar Bakar, Shuhairy Norhisham, Herda Yati Katman, Chow Ming Fai, Nur Najwa Irina Mohd Azlan, Nur Sarah Shaziah Samsudin

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: urban transportation; public transportation; bus services; quality of services; systematic literature review

Online: 12 May 2022 (10:13:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0268.v1

Quantifying the Surface Strain Field Induced by Active Sources with Distributed Acoustic Sensing: Theory and Practice

Peter G. Hubbard, Joseph P. Vantassel, Brady R. Cox, James W. Rector, Michael Yust, Kenichi Soga

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: DAS; geophones; wave propagation; strain measurement; DFOS

Online: 28 April 2022 (03:33:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0240.v1

Damage Detection and Level Classification of Roof Damage After Typhoon Faxai Based on Aerial Photo and Deep Learning

Jinglin Xu, Feng Zeng, Wen Liu, Toru Takahashi

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Deep Learning; Aerial photo; Typhoon Faxai; roof damage; detection; classification

Online: 26 April 2022 (10:58:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0223.v1

Effect Of Sulfate Ions on Galvanized Post-Tensioned Steel Corrosion in Alkaline Solutions and the Interaction with Other Ions

Andrés Bonilla, Cristina Argiz, Amparo Moragues, Jaime C. Gálvez

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Corrosion; Sulfate; Galvanized Steel; Alkaline solutions; Linear Polarization Resistance; Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

Online: 25 April 2022 (10:27:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0191.v1

Three-Dimensional Theoretical Model for Soil Arching with Inclined Slip Surfaces

Qizhi Chen, Luju Liang, Changjie Xu, Baoping Zou

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Arching effect; Trapdoor; Inclined slip surface; Excavation

Online: 20 April 2022 (10:24:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0180.v1

Treatment of Septic Tank Discharge Using Crushed Glass Filter Media

Quang Truong, Mohammad Ramezanianpour, Marc Jensen, Issei Yuki

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Crushed glass; Carbon emission; Septic discharge; Total Nitrogen

Online: 19 April 2022 (10:30:59 CEST)

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The on-site wastewater treatment system (OWTS) with a sand trench is an economical option for residents in rural areas or the countryside where a centralised sewer system is inaccessible. 2A sand achieves improved filtration, microbial activity and consistent long term performance when compared to gravel or scoria based trench systems. However, it is expensive and only readily available in a few areas across New Zealand. Additionally, it has a reputation for premature blockage when overloaded or compacted. The aim of this study is not only to critically evaluate the performance of Crushed Glass (CG) with respect to 2A sand, but also to investigate different loading rates for CG when treating primary treated effluent from a septic tank. A test rig was designed and constructed to simulate the real environment of the sand column in a discharge control trench. The treatment efficiency of three filters was recorded and compared in this study. Overall, the CG loaded at 25mm/day (CG₂₅) and50mm/day (CG₅₀) provided an average of 13% and 6% more Total Nitrogen (TN) reduction than the sand filter, respectively. The removal rates for the TN were up to 69.5%. The CG₅₀filter performed similarly at 50mm/day as the 2A sand filter in terms of Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)₅ removal of more than 94%. The CG₂₅ removal rates for TSS and BOD₅ at the start of the trial (likely due to residual liquid contamination from the bottles when crushed) improved over the sampling period and ultimately achieved similar results of 92% and 91.3% to the filters loaded at 50mm/day. Lifecycle cost analyses and carbon balances were completed for the two media. It highlighted that the current price of CG is only half of 2A sand, yet it produces significantly less CO₂ emissions than 2A sand. A 3-bedroom dwelling could save up to $500 and reduce 200kg of CO₂ released to the environment annually when 2A sand is substituted for CG. Based on the findings of this paper, it is likely that the reduced installation cost, lessened environmental impact and theoretical availability will lead to CG systems becoming more common in New Zealand and abroad.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0086.v1

A Comprehensive Approach for Floodplain Mapping Through Identification of Hazard Using Publicly Available Data Sets Over Canada

Mohit Prakash Prakash Mohanty, Slobodan P. Simonovic

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Flood hazard; CaMa-Flood; Flood Map Viewer; Floodplain mapping; Flood risk; North American Regional Reanalysis; Property exposure

Online: 11 April 2022 (03:35:28 CEST)

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Flood events and their associated damages have escalated significantly in the last few decades. To add to the gruesome situation, many reports and studies warn that flood risk would aggravate significantly in future periods due to significant alterations in the climate patterns and socio-economic dynamics. Floodplain mapping is looked upon as a viable option to tackle this global issue as it provides both quantitative and qualitative information on flood dynamics. Moreover, with the increasing availability of global data and enhancement in computational simulations, it has become easier to simlate flooding patterns at large scales. This study deter-mines the usability of publicly available datasets in capturing flood hazards over Canada. Run-off data set from the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR), along with a few other rele-vant inputs are fed to CaMa-Flood, a robust global hydrodynamic model to generate flooding patterns for 1 in 100 and 1 in 200-yr return period events over Canada . The simulated maps are compared and validated with the existing maps of a few flood-prone regions in Canada, thereby establishing their performance over both regional and country-scale. Later, the simulated flood-plain maps are used in conjunction with property related information at 34 cities (within the top 100 populous cities in Canada) to determine the degree of exposure due to flooding in 1991, 2001, and 2011. The results indicate that around 80 percent of inundated spots belong to high and very-high hazard classes in a 200-yr event, which is roughly 4 percent more than simulated for 100-yr event. NARR derived floodplain maps perform very well while compared over the six flood-prone regions. While analyzing the exposure of properties to flooding, we notice an in-crease in the number during the last three decades, with the maximum rise observed in Toronto, followed by Montreal, and Edmonton. To disseminate the extensive flood-related information, a web-based public tool, Flood Map Viewer (http://www.floodmapviewer.com/) is developed. The development of the tool was motivated by the commitment of the Canadian government to provide $63 M over the next three years for the completion of flood maps for higher-risk areas. The study reaches out to demonstrate how publicly available datasets can be utilized with a lesser degree of uncertainty in representing flooding patterns over large regions. The flood re-lated information derived from the study can be used along with vulnerability for quantifying flood risk, which will help in developing appropriate pathways for resilience building for long-term sustainable benefits.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0040.v1

Experimental Evaluation of a Full-Scale HVAC System Working with Nanofluid

Marco Milanese, Francesco Micali, Gianpiero Colangelo, Arturo de Risi

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: heat transfer fluid; nanofluid; heating; ventilation and air conditioning system; experimental test; coefficient of performance

Online: 6 April 2022 (10:08:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0390.v1

3D Printed Engineered, Strain-Hardening Geopolymer Composite (EGC/SHGC) as Permanent Formwork for Concrete Beam Construction

Shin Hau Bong, Behzad Nematollahi, Viktor Mechtcherine, Victor C. Li, Kamal H. Khayat

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: 3D concrete printing; engineered geopolymer composite; strain-hardening; permanent formwork; reinforced concrete beam

Online: 30 March 2022 (14:14:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0448.v2

Pseudo-static Simplified Analysis Method of the Pile-liquefiable Soil Interaction Considering Rate-dependent Characteristics

Xinlei Zhang, Zhanpeng Ji, Hongmei Gao, Zhihua Wang, Wenwen Li

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: soil liquefaction; pile-soil interaction; rate-dependent; simply analysis; influence factors analysis

Online: 28 March 2022 (14:08:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0335.v1

Method of Formulating 3D-Printable Strain-Hardening Geopolymer Composites for Additive Construction

Shin Hau Bong, Behzad Nematollahi, Venkatesh Naidu Nerella, Viktor Mechtcherine

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: 3D-concrete-printing; strain-hardening geopolymer composite, rheological properties; mechanical properties; strain-hardening

Online: 25 March 2022 (03:25:40 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0239.v1

Measures and Methods for the Evaluation of ATO Algorithms

Patrick Bochmann, Birgit Jaekel

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: ATO; Performance Evaluation; Scenario-based Testing; Simulation

Online: 17 March 2022 (02:42:05 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0228.v1

3D Printing and Assembling of Frame Modules Using Printable Strain-Hardening Cement-Based Composites (SHCC)

Egor Ivaniuk, Martin Friedrich Eichenauer, Tošić Zlata, Steffen Müller, Daniel Lordick, Viktor Mechtcherine

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: concrete frames; modules; gridshell structures; 3D concrete printing; digital construction; SHCC; ECC

Online: 16 March 2022 (09:33:46 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0188.v1

Structural Damage Prediction of a Reinforced Concrete Frame Under Single and Multiple Seismic Events Using Machine Learning Algorithms

Petros C. Lazaridis, Ioannis E. Kavvadias, Konstantinos Demertzis, Lazaros Iliadis, Lazaros K. Vasiliadis

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Seismic Sequence; Machine Learning Algorithms; Repeated Earthquakes; Structural Damage Prediction; Intensity Measures; Damage Accumulation; Machine Learning; Artificial Neural Network

Online: 14 March 2022 (11:57:51 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0111.v1

Photogrammetric Precise Surveying Based on the Adjusted 3D Control Linear Network Deployed on a Measured Object

Krzysztof Ryszard Karsznia, Edward Osada

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: close range photogrammetry; 3D linear control network; object dimensioning

Online: 7 March 2022 (19:57:21 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0343.v2

Peak and Cumulative Response of Reinforced Concrete Frames with Steel Damper Columns under Seismic Sequences

Kenji Fujii

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: reinforced-concrete moment-resisting frame; steel damper column; seismic sequence; peak response; cumulative response; cyclic degradation; passive control structure; momentary energy input

Online: 25 February 2022 (09:33:07 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0324.v1

Mechanical Performance of Curved Link-Slab of Simply Supported Bridge Beam

Yizhou Zhuang, Silv Luo, Said Easa, Meng Zhang, Chengquan Wang

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: curved link-slab; hingeless arch; theoretical derivation; parametric sensitivity analysis

Online: 25 February 2022 (07:45:06 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0312.v1

Influence of Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles on Bond-Slip Reponses between Fiber and Geopolymer Mortar

Darrakorn Intarabut, Piti Sukontasukkul, Tanakorn Phoo-ngernkham, Hexin Zhang, Doo-Yeol Yoo, Suchart Limkatanyu, Prinya Chindaprasirt

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Geopolymer; Graphene oxide; Single fiber pullout; Bond-slip; Rate sensitive

Online: 24 February 2022 (10:46:46 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0210.v1

Structuring a BIM Service Scoping, Tendering, Executing, and Wrapping-up (STEW) Guide for Public Owners

Jongho Ock, Kyoung-Jun Park

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: BIM; BIM Guide; BIM Deliverable; Public Owner; BIM Execution Plan

Online: 17 February 2022 (11:05:45 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0101.v2

A Comprehensive Study of Artificial Intelligence Applications for Soil Temperature Prediction

Hanifeh Imanian, Juan Hiedra Cobo, Pierre Payeur, Hamidreza Shirkhani, Abdolmajid Mohammadian

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: artificial intelligence; climate forecast; deep learning; ensemble model; multi-layer perceptron; neural network; regression; soil temperature; stacking method

Online: 17 February 2022 (09:56:27 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0101.v1

A Comprehensive Study Of Artificial Intelligence Applications For Soil Temperature Prediction

Hanifeh Imanian, Juan Hiedra Cobo, Pierre Payeur, Hamidreza Shirkhani, Abdolmajid Mohammadian

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: artificial intelligence; climate forecast; deep learning; ensemble model; multi-layer perceptron; neural network; regression; soil temperature; stacking method

Online: 7 February 2022 (16:26:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0070.v1

Two-Dimensional Stress Analysis of Isotropic Deep Beams Using the Finite Difference Method

Valentin Fogang

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Finite difference method; additional nodes; Airy stress function; displacement potential function; deep beam of varying thickness; layered beam; deep beam having openings; skew edge; buckling analysis

Online: 4 February 2022 (10:48:03 CET)

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This paper presents an approach to the two-dimensional analysis of elastic isotropic deep beams using the finite difference method (FDM). Deep beams are subjected to in-plane loading and present a shear span to height ratio of less than 2.50; consequently, Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and Timoshenko beam theory do not apply. Deep beams analysis is generally conducted using numerical methods such as the finite element method and to a lesser extent the FDM; the strut-and-tie model and the stress field method are also widely utilized. Analytical approaches usually make use of the Airy stress function, where stresses are formulated in terms of the stress function; however, the exact solution of this function satisfying all of the boundary conditions can hardly be found, even for simple cases. In this paper, deep beams were analyzed using the FDM. The FDM is an approximate method for solving problems described with differential equations. The FDM does not involve solving differential equations; equations are formulated with values at selected nodes of the structure. Therefore, the deep beam was discretized with a two-dimensional grid, and additional nodes were introduced at the boundaries and at positions of discontinuity (openings, brutal change of material properties, non-uniform grid spacing), the number of additional nodes corresponding to the number of boundary conditions at the node of interest. The introduction of additional nodes allowed us to apply the governing equations at boundary nodes and satisfy the boundary and continuity conditions. An Airy stress function approach and a displacement potential function approach were considered in this study whereby strong formulations of equations (equilibrium, kinematic, and constitutive) were set. Stress and stability analyses were carried out with this model; furthermore, deep beams of varying stiffness, layered beams, and beams having openings were analyzed. For slender beams, the results obtained with the Airy stress function approach showed good agreement with those of the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, and for deep beams, the shapes of stress distributions were in good agreement with a proper understanding of the behavior of structures. On the other hand, the displacement potential function approach delivered unsatisfactory results, probably due to the use of an inefficient equation solver; a more powerful tool will be needed in future research for this purpose.

Preprint DATA DESCRIPTOR | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0062.v1

Dataset Documenting the Interactions of Biochar with Manure, Soil, and Plants: Towards Improved Sustainability of Animal and Crop Agriculture

Darcy Bonds, Jacek A. Koziel, Mriganka De, Baitong Chen, Asheesh K. Singh, Mark A. Licht

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: carbon cycling; nutrient cycling; soil amendment; manure; biochar; corn; maize; soybeans; fertilizer

Online: 3 February 2022 (15:58:58 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0047.v1

Current Research and Challenges in Bitumen Emulsion Manufacturing and Its Properties

Ahmed Al-Mohammedawi, Konrad Mollenhauer

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Bitumen Emulsion; Formulation; Emulsification Temperature.

Online: 3 February 2022 (10:39:10 CET)

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The global increase of road infrastructure and its impact on the environment requires serious attention to develop sustainable and environmentally friendly road materials. One group of those materials is produced by using bitumen emulsion. However, there are still scientific and technical obstacles standing against its regular application. The bitumen emulsion formulation process and compositional optimization are subjected to a high number of degrees of freedom. Consequently, obtaining the desired product is mostly based on a series of random and tedious trials because of the enormous number of tests to be carried out. The current review of the physicochemical formulation may indeed be extensively used in helping to reduce the number of unnecessary experimentations as well as discuss the vital aspects in the bitumen emulsion production process. Among these, emulsion stability, viscosity, droplet size (and distribution), bitumen emulsion chemistry, the function of the emulsion components, surfactant type, acids or alkalis, and additives are all discussed and used to define the emulsion's physical properties and reactivity. Besides, current developments in the mechanisms of breaking and setting processes are also summarized. It is discussed how emulsions are graded based on their reactivity, particle charge, and physical features. Two emulsification techniques are outlined namely the colloid mill method and the High Internal Phase Ratio (HIPR) method. Furthermore, some emulsion formulation tools/theories were identified and are explained. In that way, optimized formulations can be used to offer a practical guide for bitumen emulsion manufacturers when trying to formulate a well-defined bitumen emulsion for its use in pavement infrastructure rather than simply to meet standard specifications. This review paper aims to enable the ultimate potential of the bitumen emulsion in the field of cold recycling technology by further following up the research progress of bitumen emulsion manufacturing, therefore, this paper reviews and discusses the literature available up to now on this topic, in road engineering and emulsion chemistry.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0439.v1

Leakage Detection by Using Transient Tests on an Experimental Looped Water Distribution Network

Uchit Sangroula, Kuk-Heon Han, Kang-Min Koo, Kapil Gnawali, Kyung-Taek Yum

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Water distribution networks; AnSeong; Transient-based techniques; Leak analysis

Online: 28 January 2022 (14:20:46 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0430.v1

Optimization of Water Distribution Networks Using Genetic Algorithm based SOP–WDN Program

Uchit Sangroula, Kuk-Heon Han, Kang-Min Koo, Kapil Gnawali, Kyung-Taek Yum

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Water distribution networks; Optimization; Genetic Algorithm; EPANET

Online: 28 January 2022 (08:53:05 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0093.v2

Nanotechnology Applications Towards Sustainable Road Sur-face Maintenance and Effective Asset Protection, Generating Rapid Employment Opportunities in a Post COVID-19 Era

Gerrit J Jordaan, Wynand J vdM Steyn

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: nanotechnology applications in road maintenance; preventative road surface maintenance; nanotechnology clear-seals; New-age (Nano) Modified Emulsions (NME); pot-hole repairs; modified binder slurry seals; hydrophobic slurries; hydrophobic road surface sealants; labour intensive maintenance; rapid employment creation through nanotechnology usage in road maintenance

Online: 25 January 2022 (17:34:49 CET)

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: Nanotechnology options to road surface maintenance offers several advantages compared to traditionally used materials. The small particle sizer of hydrophobic Nano-Silane modified Nano-Polymers (NSNP) enables these nanotechnology products to deeply penetrate existing road surfaces, sealing micro-cracks and render surfacings to be water-resistant for extended periods of time. In comparison, traditionally used products contain minimum partial sizes of about 1 – 5 microns, that provide a superficial protection that wears off in a relatively short period of time. These traditional products are often associated with vehicle contamination while drying and requires the re-instatement of road markings. None of these disadvantages are associated with applicable NSNP technologies that are quick drying, with no vehicle contamination risks and is equivalent to a “clear-seal” requiring no reinstatement of road markings. In a similar vein, pot-hole repairs can be done using applicable, easy to use, pre-packed and treated pot-hole repair kits that are water-repellent and quick-drying at a fraction of the costs of conventional cold-mix products. Resurfacing using NME binder slurries can be done labour-intensively on a pre-treated NSNP surfacing, restoring cracked surfacing and providing a water-resistant long-lasting protective layer without the removal of existing cracked areas. The implementation of nanotechnology solutions for road surface maintenance operations is directly associated with ease of use, labour-intensive operations, prevention of considerable deterioration in riding quality due to removal and manual re-instatement of cracked surfaces, time and cost savings and a reduction in the risk of water damage to the sub-structure. TRANSLATE with x English ArabicHebrewPolish BulgarianHindiPortuguese CatalanHmong DawRomanian Chinese SimplifiedHungarianRussian Chinese TraditionalIndonesianSlovak CzechItalianSlovenian DanishJapaneseSpanish DutchKlingonSwedish EnglishKoreanThai EstonianLatvianTurkish FinnishLithuanianUkrainian FrenchMalayUrdu GermanMalteseVietnamese GreekNorwegianWelsh Haitian CreolePersian TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster Portal Back TRANSLATE with x English ArabicHebrewPolish BulgarianHindiPortuguese CatalanHmong DawRomanian Chinese SimplifiedHungarianRussian Chinese TraditionalIndonesianSlovak CzechItalianSlovenian DanishJapaneseSpanish DutchKlingonSwedish EnglishKoreanThai EstonianLatvianTurkish FinnishLithuanianUkrainian FrenchMalayUrdu GermanMalteseVietnamese GreekNorwegianWelsh Haitian CreolePersian TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster Portal Back

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0343.v1

Peak and Cumulative Response of Reinforced Concrete Frames with Steel Damper Columns under Seismic Sequences

Kenji Fujii

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: reinforced-concrete moment-resisting frame; steel damper column; seismic sequence; peak response; cumulative response; cyclic degradation; passive control structure; momentary energy input

Online: 24 January 2022 (10:50:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0294.v1

Assessment of Sponge City Flood Control Capacity According to Rainfall Pattern Using a Numerical Model After Multi-source Validation

Haichao Li, Hiroshi Ishidaira, Yanqi Wei, Kazuyoshi Souma, Jun Magome

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: SWMM; Low-impact development; Satellite observations; Temporal downscaling

Online: 20 January 2022 (10:13:05 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0281.v1

Assessment of Water Resources in Sana’a Region, Yemen Republic (Study Case)

Alhasan Ahmed Aljawzi, Hongyuan Fang, Ebrahim Yahya Khailah, Abdullah A Abbas

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Sana’a Region; Rainfall; Surface Water; Groundwater; Water Crisis

Online: 19 January 2022 (16:07:08 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0248.v1

Integrating UAS Photogrammetry and Digital Image Correlation for High-Resolution Monitoring of Large Landslides

Francesco Mugnai, Andrea Masiero

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Digital Image Correlation (DIC); Unmanned Aerial System (UAS); GNSS; deformation map; monitoring

Online: 18 January 2022 (08:57:43 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0242.v1

Prospects of Triangular Modular Structures for Roadside Service Buildings

Konstantin Samoilov, Bolat Kuspangaliyev, Gaukhar Sadvokasova, Nurlytan Kuanyshbekov

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Roadside service buildings; modular buildings; sustainable architecture; spatial grid plates; reusable structures; base module; collapsible buildings

Online: 17 January 2022 (15:57:43 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0147.v1

Ductility Estimation of Concrete Beams Longitudinally Reinforced with Hybrid FRP-Steel Bars

Rendy Thamrin, Zaidir Zaidir, Devitasari Iwanda

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: hybrid FRP-steel reinforcement; ductility; hybrid reinforcement ratio; fiber element; neutral axis

Online: 11 January 2022 (14:04:26 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0360.v2

Rice Husk Shredding as a Means of Increasing the Long-Term Mechanical Properties of Earthen Mixtures for 3D Printing

Elena Ferretti, Massimo Moretti, Alberto Chiusoli, Lapo Naldoni, Francesco De Fabritiis, Massimo Visonà

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: earthen buildings; 3D printing; sustainability; biocomposites; aging; mechanical properties; lime carbonation; vulcanization

Online: 11 January 2022 (12:14:21 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0030.v1

Practical Application of Nanotechnology Solutions in Pavement Engineering: Addressing Practical Road Construction Related Problems Using Marginal Materials Stabilised With New-Age (Nano) Modified Emulsions (Nme) Towards Sustainable Roads

Gerrit J Jordaan, Wynand J vdM Steyn

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: New-age (Nano) Modified Emulsion (NME) stabilisation; identifying construction problems; preventing construction related problems; material related problems; constructability using nanotechnology applications; nano-silane stabilisation of granular materials; construction quality control problems; construction equipment problems; practical implementation of nano-silane stabilisation.

Online: 11 January 2022 (10:37:34 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0094.v1

A BIM Based Framework for Damage Segmentation, Storage, and Visualization

Mathias Artus, Mohamed Alabassy, Christian Koch

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Building Information Modeling; defects; damage information modeling; life cycle; bridges; inspection; maintenance

Online: 6 January 2022 (17:45:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0093.v1

Nanotechnology Applications Towards Sustainable Road Surface Maintenance and Effective Asset Protection, Generating Rapid Employment Opportunities in a Post COVID-19 Era

Gerrit J Jordaan, Wynand J vdM Steyn

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: nanotechnology applications in road maintenance; preventative road surface maintenance; nanotechnology clear-seals; New-age (Nano) Modified Emulsions (NME); pot-hole repairs; modified binder slurry seals; hydrophobic slurries; hydrophobic road surface sealants; labour intensive maintenance; rapid employment creation through nanotechnology usage in road maintenance

Online: 6 January 2022 (17:12:15 CET)

Show abstract| Share

: Nanotechnology options to road surface maintenance offers several advantages compared to traditionally used materials. The small particle sizer of hydrophobic Nano-Silane modified Nano-Polymers (NSNP) enables these nanotechnology products to deeply penetrate existing road surfaces, sealing micro-cracks and render surfacings to be water-resistant for extended periods of time. In comparison, traditionally used products contain minimum partial sizes of about 1 – 5 microns, that provide a superficial protection that wears off in a relatively short period of time. These traditional products are often associated with vehicle contamination while drying and requires the re-instatement of road markings. None of these disadvantages are associated with applicable NSNP technologies that are quick drying, with no vehicle contamination risks and is equivalent to a “clear-seal” requiring no reinstatement of road markings. In a similar vein, pot-hole repairs can be done using applicable, easy to use, pre-packed and treated pot-hole repair kits that are water-repellent and quick-drying at a fraction of the costs of conventional cold-mix products. Resurfacing using NME binder slurries can be done labour-intensively on a pre-treated NSNP surfacing, restoring cracked surfacing and providing a water-resistant long-lasting protective layer without the removal of existing cracked areas. The implementation of nanotechnology solutions for road surface maintenance operations is directly associated with ease of use, labour-intensive operations, prevention of considerable deterioration in riding quality due to removal and manual re-instatement of cracked surfaces, time and cost savings and a reduction in the risk of water damage to the sub-structure. TRANSLATE with x English ArabicHebrewPolish BulgarianHindiPortuguese CatalanHmong DawRomanian Chinese SimplifiedHungarianRussian Chinese TraditionalIndonesianSlovak CzechItalianSlovenian DanishJapaneseSpanish DutchKlingonSwedish EnglishKoreanThai EstonianLatvianTurkish FinnishLithuanianUkrainian FrenchMalayUrdu GermanMalteseVietnamese GreekNorwegianWelsh Haitian CreolePersian TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster Portal Back

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0041.v1

Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beams Subjected to Concentrated Loads

Paolo Foraboschi

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: building remodeling; concentrated loads; FRP reinforcement; FRP strips; shear capacity, vertical concrete cantilever

Online: 5 January 2022 (13:01:16 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0357.v2

Mechanical Properties of a 3D Printed Wall Segment Made with an Earthen Mixture

Elena Ferretti, Massimo Moretti, Alberto Chiusoli, Lapo Naldoni, Francesco De Fabritiis, Massimo Visonà

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: 3D printing; earthen buildings; bio-composites; load-bearing walls; orthotropic material; crack propagation; Poisson’s ratio; volumetric strain; mesoscale behavior; microscale behavior

Online: 4 January 2022 (12:24:38 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0505.v1

Adaptive, Resilient Urban Underground Space (UUS)-Subsidence and Economic Impact Spatial Planning Model (USEM): The Extent Development Impact via Cause-Effect Analysis Circa 1980-2050 in Shanghai Megacity

Muhammad Akmal Hakim bin Hishammuddin, Jianxiu Wang, Muhammad Azizol bin Ismail, Hasanuddin Zainal Abidin, Soheil Sabri, Chin Siong Ho, Keng Yinn Wong

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Land subsidence; urban underground space; spatial planning model; economic impact; cause-effect analysis; Shanghai; multidisciplinary; sustainability

Online: 31 December 2021 (11:00:16 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0389.v1

Bridge Digital Twining Using an Output-Only Bayesian Model Updating Method and Recorded Seismic Measurements

Farid Ghahari, Niloofar Malekghaini, Hamed Ebrahimian, Ertugrul Taciroglu

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Structural health monitoring, Digital twin, Damage diagnosis, Finite element model updating, Bayesian inference, Soil-structure interaction, Foundation input motion, Rapid post-earthquake assessment

Online: 23 December 2021 (11:57:54 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0386.v1

Energy Performance Simulation in Buildings Composed of Natural and Organic Materials Within the Moroccan Rural Areas of the Atlas Mountains

Hanane Es-sebyty, Bouchra Abbi, Elena Ferretti, Mohammed Igouzal

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: energy efficiency; natural building; conventional building; TRNSYS software; temperature; humidity; energy consumption

Online: 23 December 2021 (11:48:08 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0181.v3

Practical Application of Nanotechnology Solutions in Pavement Engineering: Construction Practices Successfully Implemented on Roads (Highways to Local Access Roads) Using Marginal Granular Materials Stabilised with New-Age (Nano) Modified Emulsions (NME)

Gerrit J Jordaan, Wynand J vdM Steyn

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Construction practices using nanotechnology applications; nano-modified emulsion stabilisation of granular materials; nano-modified emulsion stabilised layers in highway construction; central plant

Online: 23 December 2021 (10:52:06 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0360.v1

Rice Husk Shredding as a Means of Increasing the Long-Term Mechanical Properties of Earthen Mixtures for 3D Printing

Elena Ferretti, Massimo Moretti, Alberto Chiusoli, Lapo Naldoni, Francesco De Fabritiis, Massimo Visonà

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: earthen buildings; 3D printing; bio-composites; aging; mechanical properties; lime carbonation; vulcanization

Online: 22 December 2021 (12:11:21 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0357.v1

Mechanical Properties of a 3D Printed Wall Segment Made with an Earthen Mixture

Elena Ferretti, Massimo Moretti, Alberto Chiusoli, Lapo Naldoni, Francesco De Fabritiis, Massimo Visonà

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: 3D printing; earthen buildings; bio-composites; load-bearing walls; orthotropic material; crack propagation; Poisson’s modulus; volumetric strain; mesoscale behavior; microscale behavior

Online: 22 December 2021 (12:02:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0307.v1

Evaluation of Contributing Factors Affecting Number of Vehicles Involved in Crashes Using Machine Learning Techniques in Rural Roads of Cosenza, Italy

Giuseppe Guido, Sina Shaffiee Haghshenas, Sami Shaffiee Haghshenas, Alessandro Vitale, Vittorio Astarita, Yongjin Park, Zong Woo Geem

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Road safety; Safety management; Road transportation; GMDH; GOA-SVM; Machine learning

Online: 20 December 2021 (10:37:05 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0288.v1

Experimental Proof of a Solar-powered Heat Pump System for Permafrost Thermal Stabilization

Elizaveta S. Sharaborova, Taisia V. Shepitko, Egor Y. Loktionov

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: solar energy; geothermal energy; seasonally thawed layer; thermosyphon; heat flux; performance indicator; near-surface layer; heat shielding

Online: 17 December 2021 (12:37:39 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0198.v1

Developing and Field Testing a Green Light Optimal Speed Advisory System for Buses

Hao Chen, Hesham Ahmed Rakha

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: eco-driving; GLOSA; signalized intersection; diesel bus; eco-cooperative adaptive cruise control; fuel consumption model; field test

Online: 13 December 2021 (12:34:52 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0190.v1

Assessment of the Sustainability of Concrete by Ensuring Performance During Structure Service Life

Dan Georgescu, Radu Vacareanu, Aldea Alexandru, Adelina Apostu, Cristian Arion, Andrei Girboveanu

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: sustainability; concrete; assessment; performance; service life; environment.

Online: 10 December 2021 (14:40:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0479.v2

Bending Analysis of Isotropic Rectangular Kirchhoff Plates Subjected to Non-Uniform Heating Using the Fourier Transform Method

Valentin Fogang

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Isotropic rectangular plate; Kirchhoff–Love plate theory; non-uniform heating; Fourier sine transform; Navier solution; Lévy solution

Online: 10 December 2021 (13:50:59 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0180.v1

Rapid Prediction of Seismic Incident Angle's Influence on the Damage Level of RC Buildings Using Artificial Neural Networks

Konstantinos Morfidis, Konstantinos Kostinakis

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: artificial neural networks; pattern recognition; reinforced concrete buildings; seismic damage; rapid assessment; seismic incident angle

Online: 10 December 2021 (13:13:50 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0152.v1

The Role of Trees in Winter Air Purification on Children’s Routes to School

Adrian Hoppa, Daria Sikorska, Arkadiusz Przybysz, Marta Melon, Piotr Sikorski

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: air pollution; particulate matter; WAI; urban trees; children health; phytoremediation

Online: 9 December 2021 (12:00:05 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0118.v1

Energy Sustainability of a Cluster of Buildings with the Application of Smart Grids and Decentralization of Renewable Energy Sources

Bohumír Garlík

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Energy model of buildings; Six Sigma; Smart Grid; Unit Commitment; NZEB

Online: 8 December 2021 (10:13:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0087.v1

Numerical Deformation Analysis of Reinforced Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Flexural Members

Darius Bacinskas, Deividas Rumsys, Gintaris Kaklauskas

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: lightweight aggregate concrete; reinforced concrete; slab; bridge girder; curvature; short-term loading; tension stiffening; constitutive model; numerical modelling.

Online: 6 December 2021 (15:33:27 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0052.v1

Long-Range Correlations and Natural Time Series Analyses from Acoustic Emission Signals

Leandro Ferreira Friedrich, Édiblu Silva Cezar, Angélica Bordin Colpo, Boris Nahuel Rojo Tanzi, Mario Sobczyk, Giuseppe Lacidogna, Gianni Niccolini, Luis Eduardo Kosteski, Ignacio Iturrioz

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: acoustic emission; long-range correlations; natural time analysis; heterogeneous materials

Online: 3 December 2021 (11:37:56 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0043.v1

Hydro-Damage Properties of Red-Bed Mudstone Failures Induced by Nonlinear Seepage and Diffusion Effect

Zhenni Ye, Xiaoli Liu, Enzhi Wang, Huan Sun, Qinxi Dong

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: hydro-damage; red-bed mudstone; hydrodynamic; X-ray image; seepage–diffusion

Online: 3 December 2021 (09:46:59 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0566.v1

Numerical Simulation of the Fracture Behaviour of High-Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete by Using a Cohesive-Crack-Based Inverse Analysis

Alejandro Enfedaque, Marcos G. Alberti, Jaime C. Gálvez, Pedro Cabanas

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: fibre reinforced concrete; simulation; cohesive crack; fibre cocktail

Online: 30 November 2021 (12:08:45 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0537.v1

Gradual Strengthening of Existing Masonry Houses with Ferrocement Bandaging

Febrin Anas Ismail, Teddy Boen, Rendy Thamrin

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: gradual strengthening; existing masonry houses; earthquake disaster; ferrocement; bandaging

Online: 29 November 2021 (12:43:21 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0465.v1

Measurement of Dry and Autogenous Shrinkages and Thermal Strain of Early Age Concrete Pavement

Jaewook Ku, Seunghyun Roh, Hyunsik Hwang

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Cement Concrete Pavement; Concrete behavior; Dry shrinkage; Autogenous shrinkage

Online: 25 November 2021 (09:08:48 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0341.v1

Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Resistance of Rc Members Subjected to Bending With/without Axial Force

Marek Lechman

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: resistance; bending; axial force; reinforced concrete; composite; section models

Online: 19 November 2021 (08:26:27 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0327.v1

Kirchhoff-Love Plate Theory: First-Order Analysis, Second-Order Analysis, Plate Buckling Analysis, and Vibration Analysis Using the Finite Difference Method

Valentin Fogang

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: KirchhoffLove plate; finite difference method; additional points; plate of varying thickness; plate with stiffeners; skew edge; plate buckling analysis; vibration analysis; direct time integration method;

Online: 18 November 2021 (13:51:59 CET)

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This paper presents an approach to the Kirchhoff-Love plate theory (KLPT) using the finite difference method (FDM). The KLPT covers the case of small deflections, and shear deformations are not considered. The FDM is an approximate method for solving problems described with differential equations. The FDM does not involve solving differential equations; equations are formulated with values at selected points of the structure. Generally in the case of KLPT, the finite difference approximations are derived based on the fourth-order polynomial hypothesis (FOPH) and second-order polynomial hypothesis (SOPH) for the deflection surface. The FOPH is made for the fourth and third derivative of the deflection surface while the SOPH is made for its second and first derivative; this leads to a 13-point stencil for the governing equation. In addition, the boundary conditions and not the governing equations are applied at the plate edges. In this paper, the FOPH was made for all of the derivatives of the deflection surface; this led to a 25-point stencil for the governing equation. Furthermore, additional nodes were introduced at plate edges and at positions of discontinuity (continuous supports/hinges, incorporated beams, stiffeners, brutal change of stiffness, etc.), the number of additional nodes corresponding to the number of boundary conditions at the node of interest. The introduction of additional nodes allowed us to apply the governing equations at the plate edges and to satisfy the boundary and continuity conditions. First-order analysis, second-order analysis, buckling analysis, and vibration analysis of plates were conducted with this model. Moreover, plates of varying thickness and plates with stiffeners were analyzed. Finally, a direct time integration method (DTIM) was presented. The FDM-based DTIM enabled the analysis of forced vibration of structures, with damping taken into account. In first-order, second-order, buckling, and vibration analyses of rectangular plates, the results obtained in this paper were in good agreement with those of well-established methods, and the accuracy was increased through a grid refinement.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0275.v1

Development of a 3D WebGIS Application for the Visualization of Seismic Risk on Infrastructural Work

Mauro Mazzei, Davide Quaroni

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: web-GIS 3d; Seismic Analysis; Structural Analysis; FEA/FEM Analysis; OpenSees.

Online: 16 November 2021 (08:44:17 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0232.v1

Assessment of the Sustainability of Concrete by Ensuring Performance During Structure Service Life

Dan Georgescu, Radu Vacareanu, Alexandru Aldea, Adelina Apostu, Cristian Arion, Andrei Girboveanu

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: sustainability; concrete; assessment; performance; service life; environment.

Online: 12 November 2021 (15:12:23 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0154.v1

Physics-Based Graphics Models in 3D Synthetic Environments Enabling Autonomous Vision-Based Structural Inspections

Vedhus Hoskere, Yasutaka Narazaki, Billie F. Spencer Jr.

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Computer Vision; Synthetic Data; Physics-based Graphics Models; Deep Learning; Post-earthquake Inspections

Online: 8 November 2021 (15:06:45 CET)

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Manual visual inspections typically conducted after an earthquake are high-risk, subjective, and time-consuming. Delays from inspections often exacerbate the social and economic impact of the disaster on affected communities. Rapid and autonomous inspection using images acquired from unmanned aerial vehicles offer the potential to reduce such delays. Indeed, a vast amount of re-search has been conducted toward developing automated vision-based methods to assess the health of infrastructure at the component and structure level. Most proposed methods typically rely on images of the damaged structure, but seldom consider how the images were acquired. To achieve autonomous inspections, methods must be evaluated in a comprehensive end-to-end manner, incorporating both data acquisition and data processing. In this paper, we leverage recent advances in computer generated imagery (CGI) to construct a 3D synthetic environment for simulation of post-earthquake inspections that allows for comprehensive evaluation and valida-tion of autonomous inspection strategies. A critical issue is how to simulate and subsequently render the damage in the structure after an earthquake. To this end, a high-fidelity nonlinear finite element model is incorporated in the synthetic environment to provide a representation of earthquake-induced damage; this finite element model, combined with photo-realistic rendering of the damage, is termed herein a physics-based graphics models (PBGM). The 3D synthetic en-vironment with PBGMs provide a comprehensive end-to-end approach for development and validation of autonomous post-earthquake strategies using UAVs, including: (i) simulation of path planning of virtual UAVs and image capture under different environmental conditions; (ii) au-tomatic labeling of captured images, potentially providing an infinite amount of data for training deep neural networks; (iii) availability of the ground truth damage state from the results of the finite-element simulation; and (iv) direct comparison of different approaches to autonomous as-sessments. Moreover, the synthetic data generated has the potential to be used to augment field datasets. To demonstrate the efficacy of PBGMs, models of reinforced concrete moment-frame buildings with masonry infill walls are examined. The 3D synthetic environment employing PBGMs is shown to provide an effective testbed for development and validation of autonomous vision-based post-earthquake inspections that can serve as an important building block for ad-vancing autonomous data to decision frameworks.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0053.v1

BIM Approach in Construction Safety – A Case Study

Fernanda Rodrigues, J. Santos Baptista, Débora Pinto

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Building Information Modelling; Construction safety; Planning; Safety Elements; Construction Site Management; Falls from height.

Online: 2 November 2021 (22:23:31 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0448.v1

Pseudo-static Simplified Analysis Method of the Pile-liquefiable Soil Interaction Considering Rate-dependent Characteristics

Xinlei Zhang, Zhanpeng Ji, Hongmei Gao, Zhihua Wang, Wenwen Li

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: soil liquefaction; pile-soil interaction; rate-dependent; simply analysis; influence factors analysis

Online: 29 October 2021 (09:44:55 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0418.v1

A Comparative Study on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Cement-Based Materials by Direct Electric Curing and Steam Curing

Zhihan Yang, Youjun Xie, Jionghuang He, Fan Wang, Xiaohui Zeng, Kunlin Ma, Guangcheng Long

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Direct electric curing; Steam curing; Mechanical properties; Microstructure; Joule heat; Energy consumption

Online: 27 October 2021 (14:25:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0412.v1

Assessment of Extreme Wave Impact on Coastal Decks with Different Geometries via the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian Method

Tao Xiang, Denis Istrati

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: wave-structure-interaction; storm; hurricane; waves; loads; pressures; slamming; decks; bridges; CFD

Online: 27 October 2021 (13:29:41 CEST)

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Given the documented wave-induced damage of elevated coastal decks during extreme natural hazards (e.g. hurricanes) in the last two decades, it is of utmost significance to decipher the wave-structure-interaction of complex deck geometries and quantify the associated loads. Therefore, this study focuses on the assessment of solitary wave impact on open-girder decks that allow the air to escape from the sides. To this end, an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) numerical method with a multi-phase compressible formulation is used for the development of three-dimensional hydrodynamic models, which are validated against a large-scale experimental dataset of a coastal deck. Using the validated model as a baseline, a parametric investigation of different deck geometries with a varying number of girders Ng and three different widths, was conducted. The results reveal that the Ng of a superstructure has a complex role and that for small wave heights the horizontal and uplift forces increase with the Ng, while for large waves the opposite happens. If the Ng is small the wave particles accelerate after the initial impact on the offshore girder leading to a more violent slamming on the onshore part of the deck and larger pressures and forces, however, if Ng is large then unsynchronized eddies are formed in each chamber, which dissipate energy and apply out-of-phase pressures that result in multiple but weaker impacts on the deck. The decomposition of the total loads into slamming and quasi-static components, reveals surprisingly consistent trends for all the simulated waves, which facilitates the development of predictive load equations. These new equations, which are a function of Ng and are limited by the ratio of the wavelength to the deck width, provide more accurate predictions than existing empirical methods, and are expected to be useful to both engineers and researchers working towards the development of resilient coastal infrastructure.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0310.v1

Parameter Estimation of the Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram: A Maximum Likelihood Approach

Rafegh Aghamohammadi, Jorge Laval

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram; Analytical Approximation; Maximum Likelihood Estimation

Online: 21 October 2021 (13:59:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0286.v1

The Post-Covid-19 Era Requires Maximum Urban Resilience

Abdol Aziz Shahraki

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Urban resilience; Physical elements of a city; Indicator groups; Linear programming; Maximum resilience profit; Optimal investment; Opportunity costs

Online: 20 October 2021 (10:03:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0181.v2

Constructability of Road Pavement Layers Using New-Age (Nano) Modified Emulsion (NME) Stabilisation of Naturally Available Granular Materials in Roads Varying from Highways to Local Access Roads

Gerrit J Jordaan, Wynand J vdM Steyn

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Constructability using nanotechnology applications; nano-silane stabilisation of granular materials; highway construction; central plant mixing; recycling; rehabilitation using nano-silane technologies; materials compatibility; nanotechnology construction related problems; maintenance advantages of nanotechnology solutions

Online: 19 October 2021 (14:07:49 CEST)

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