Experimental Investigation on the Combustion and Emission Characteristics of CR Diesel Engine Fuelled with Al₂O₃ and CeO₂ Nanoparticles Added to Diesel and Biodiesel Fuels

This study evaluates the effects of Al2O3 and CeO2 nanoparticles as additives to standard diesel and biodiesel fuels on the combustion and emissions characteristics of a CR diesel engine with split injection (pilot and main injections). Three nanoparticle dosing levels (50 ppm, 100 ppm, and 150 ppm) were compared with undoped standard diesel and bio-diesel fuels. The results showed that the presence of both Al2O3 and CeO2 in biodiesel in-creased the ignition delay of the pilot fuel by about 8.0% at low load and about 3.5% at high load. The addition of both nanoparticles to diesel and biodiesel fuels had an insig-nificant effect on the main injection fuel's ignition delay, MBF50 position and combustion duration. The thermal efficiency was up to 1.0% lower. Al2O3 additive in diesel had no significant effect on NOx emissions. CO emissions were higher by 4.4-7.5% in most cases. The Al2O3 additive in biodiesel reduced NOx emissions by an average of 38%, 17.1%, and 9.4% at low, medium, and high engine loads, respectively. The reduction in CO emissions was on average 15%. The addition of CeO₂ nanoparticles to diesel fuel reduced NOₓ emis-sions by 22.5%, 8.5%, and 3.1% on average at low, medium, and high engine loads, re-spectively. When the engine was operated on CeO₂ doped biodiesel, NOₓ emissions were lower by an average of 25.7%, 9.6%, and 2.5% at low, medium, and high loads, respective-ly. Adding CeO₂ nanoparticles to diesel fuel increased CO emissions, whereas adding them to biodiesel significantly reduced CO emissions.