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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0183.v1

Electrodeless Heart and Respiratory Rate Estimation During Sleep Using a Single Fabric Band and Event-Based Edge Processing

Titus Jayarathna, Gaetano D. Gargiulo, Gough Y. Lui, Paul P. Breen

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: Edge computing; Textile sensors; Wearable sensors; Wireless sensors

Online: 10 August 2022 (03:15:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0123.v1

Human-In-The-Loop Optimization of Transcranial Electrical Stimulation Effects: A Computational Perspective Based on Systems Analysis

Yashika Arora, Anirban Dutta

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: systems analysis; model predictive control; transcranial electrical stimulation; functional near infrared spectroscopy; pupillometry

Online: 5 August 2022 (14:26:00 CEST)

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Individual differences in the responsiveness of the brain to transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) is increasingly demonstrated in large variability in the tES effects. Anatomically detailed computational brain models have been developed to address this variability; however, static brain models are not ‘realistic’ in accounting for the dynamic state of the brain. Therefore, human-in-the-loop optimization is proposed in this perspective article based on an extensive systems analysis of the tES neurovascular effects. First, modal analysis was conducted using a physiologically detailed neurovascular model that found stable modes in the 0 Hz to 0.05 Hz range for the pathway for vessel response through the smooth muscle cells, measured with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). tES effects in the 0 Hz to 0.05 Hz range can also be measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-tDCS data with a maximum TR=10sec. Therefore, we investigated an open-source fMRI-tDCS dataset that used a TR=3.36sec. We found that both the anodal tDCS condition and sham tDCS condition had similar Finite Impulse Response at the region of interest underlying the anode and a remote location, which indicated a global hemodynamic effect of sham tDCS beyond the intended transient sensations. Here, transient sensations can have arousal effects on the hemodynamics so we conducted a healthy case series for black box modeling of fNIRS-pupillometry of short-duration tDCS effects. The block exogeneity test rejected the claim that tDCS is not a 1-step Granger-cause of the fNIRS total hemoglobin changes (HbT) and pupil dilation changes (p<0.05). Also, grey-box modeling using fNIRS of the tDCS effects in chronic stroke showed HbT response to be significantly different (paired-sample t-test, p<0.05) between the ipsilesional and the contralesional hemisphere for primary motor cortex tDCS and cerebellar tDCS which was subserved by the smooth muscle cells. Here, our perspective is that various physiological pathways subserving tES effects can lead to state-trait variability that can be challenging for clinical translation. Therefore, we conducted a case study on human-in-the-loop optimization using our reduced dimension model and a stochastic, derivative-free Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy. Future studies need to investigate human-in-the-loop optimization of tES for reducing inter-subject and intra-subject variability in tES effects.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0080.v1

A Weakly Supervised Tissue-level Approach for Histological Differentiation of Gastric Adenocarcinomas

Dong-Woo Hyeon, Dongmin Kim, Wi-Sun Ryu, Samuel Hanjoo Sung, Subrata Bhattacharjee, Cho-Hee Kim, Nam-Hun Cho, Damin Moon, Doo-Hee Lee, Hyunki Kim, Hyeong-Chan Shin, Won-Ae Lee, Min-Sun Cho, Heung-Kook Choi, Haeyoun Kang

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: gastric cancer; deep learning; digital pathology; lymph node metastasis

Online: 3 August 2022 (08:48:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0446.v1

Sustainable Treatment and Reuse of Water using Decentralized Systems

Rakesh Govind

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: sustainable; decentralized; wastewater; treatment; micro-nanobubbles; biomedia

Online: 29 July 2022 (03:42:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0131.v2

Use of Deep Learning to Detect the Maternal Heart Rate and False Signals on Fetal Heart Rate Recordings

Samuel Boudet, Agathe Houzé de l'Aulnoit, Laurent Peyrodie, Romain Demailly, Denis Houzé de l'Aulnoit

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: fetal heart rate; maternal heart rate; cardiotocogram; gated recurrent unit; deep learning

Online: 22 July 2022 (03:08:59 CEST)

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We have developed deep learning models for automatic identification of the maternal heart rate (MHR) and, more generally, false signals (FSs) on fetal heart rate (FHR) recordings. The models can be used to preprocess FHR data prior to automated analysis or as a clinical alert system to assist the practitioner. Three models were developed and used to detect (i) FSs on the MHR channel (the FSMHR model), (ii) the MHR and FSs on the Doppler FHR sensor (the FSDop model), and (iii) FSs on the scalp ECG channel (the FSScalp model). The FSDop model was the most useful because FSs are far more frequent on the Doppler FHR channel. All three models were based on a multilayer, symmetric, GRU and were trained on data recorded during the first and second stages of delivery. The FSMHR and FSDop models were also trained on antepartum recordings. The training dataset contained 1030 expert-annotated periods (mean duration: 36 min) from 635 recordings. In an initial evaluation of routine clinical practice, 30 fully annotated recordings for each sensor type (mean duration: 5 h for MHR and Doppler sensors, and 3 h for the scalp ECG sensor) were analyzed. The sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV) and accuracy were respectively 62.20%, 87.1% and 99.90% for the FSMHR model, 93.1%, 95.6% and 99.68% for the FSDop model, and 44.6%, 87.2% and 99.93% for the FSScalp model. We built a second test dataset with a more solid ground truth by selecting 45 periods (lasting 20 min, on average) on which the Doppler FHR and scalp ECG signals were recorded simultaneously. Using scalp ECG data, the experts estimated the true FHR value more reliably and thus annotated the Doppler FHR channel more precisely. The models achieved a sensitivity of 53.3%, a PPV of 62.4%, and an accuracy of 97.29%. In comparison, two experts (blinded to the scalp ECG data) respectively achieved a sensitivity of 15.7%, a PPV of 74.3%, and an accuracy of 96.91% and a sensitivity of 60.7%, a PPV of 83.5% and an accuracy of 98.24%. Hence, the models performed at expert level (better than one expert and worse than the other), although a well-trained expert with good knowledge of FSs could probably do better in some cases. The models and datasets have been included in the Fetal Heart Rate Morphological Analysis open-source MATLAB toolbox and can be used freely for research purposes.

Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0329.v1

Biomanufacturing for Space-Exploration – What to Take and When to Make

Nils J.H. Averesch, Aaron J. Berliner, Shannon N. Nangle, Spencer Zezulka, Gretchen L. Vengerova, Davian Ho, Cameran A. Casale, Benjamin A.E. Lehner, Jessica E. Jessica Snyder, Kevin B. Clark, Lewis R. Dartnell, Craig S. Criddle, Adam P. Arkin

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: in-space biomanufacturing; space synthetic biology; space bioprocess engineering; biological life-support systems; in situ resource utilization; circular economy

Online: 21 July 2022 (11:01:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0272.v1

Gene Electrotransfer into Mammalian Cells Using Commercial Cell Culture Inserts with Porous Substrate

Tina Vindiš, Anja Blažič, Diaa Khayyat, Tjaša Potočnik, Shaurya Sachdev, Lea Rems

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: localized electroporation; gene electrotransfer; plasmid; transfection; cell culture insert; numerical modeling; Chinese hamster ovary cells; myoblasts; C2C12 cell line; H9C2 cell line

Online: 19 July 2022 (02:28:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0156.v1

A Novel Method for Lung Image Processing Using Complex Networks

Laura Broască, Ana Adriana Trușculescu, Versavia Maria Ancușa, Horia Ciocârlie, Cristian-Iulian Oancea, Emil-Robert Stoicescu, Diana Luminița Manolescu

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: diffuse interstitial lung disease; complex networks; model; HRCT

Online: 11 July 2022 (09:12:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0131.v1

Use of Deep Learning to Detect the Maternal Heart Rate and False Signals on Fetal Heart Rate Recordings

Samuel Boudet, Agathe Houzé de l'Aulnoit, Laurent Peyrodie, Romain Demailly, Denis Houzé de l'Aulnoit

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: fetal heart rate; maternal heart rate; cardiotocogram; gated recurrent unit; deep learning

Online: 8 July 2022 (05:01:43 CEST)

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We have developed deep learning models for automatic identification of the maternal heart rate (MHR) and, more generally, false signals (FSs) on fetal heart rate (FHR) recordings. The models can be used to preprocess FHR data prior to automated analysis or as a clinical alert system to assist the practitioner. Three models were developed and used to detect (i) FSs on the MHR channel (the FSMHR model), (ii) the MHR and FSs on the Doppler FHR sensor (the FSDop model), and (iii) FSs on the scalp ECG channel (the FSScalp model). The FSDop model was the most important because FSs are far more frequent on the Doppler FHR channel. All three models were based on a multilayer symmetric gated recurrent unit and were trained on data recorded during the first and second stages of delivery. The FSMHR and FSDop models were also trained on antepartum recordings. The training dataset contained 1030 expert-annotated periods (mean duration: 36 min) from 635 recordings. In an initial evaluation of routine clinical practice, 30 fully annotated recordings for each sensor type (mean duration: 5 h for MHR and Doppler sensors, and 3 h for the scalp ECG sensor) were analyzed.The sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV) and accuracy were respectively 62.20%, 87.1% and 99.90% for the FSMHR model, 93.1%, 95.6% and 99.68% for the FSDop model, and the 44.6%, 87.2% and 99.93% for the FSScalp model. We built a second test dataset with a more solid ground truth by selecting 45 periods (lasting 20 min, on average) on which the Doppler FHR and scalp ECG signals were recorded simultaneously. Using the scalp ECG data, the experts estimate the true FHR value more reliably and thus annotated the Doppler FHR channel more precisely. The models achieved a sensitivity of 53.3%, a PPV of 62.4%, and an accuracy of 97.29%. In comparison, two experts (blinded to the scalp ECG data) achieved a sensitivity of 15.7%, a PPV of 74.3%, and an accuracy of 96.91% for expert 1 and a sensitivity of 60.7%, a PPV of 83.5% and an accuracy of 98.24% for expert 2; hence, the model performed better than one expert and worse than the other. Hence, the models performed at expert level, although a well-trained expert with good knowledge of FSs could probably do better in some cases. The models and datasets have been included in the Fetal Heart Rate Morphological Analysis open source MATLAB toolbox and can be used freely for research purposes.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0053.v1

Design of a 9.4 T Superconducting Magnet for 400 MHz Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Yong Ren, Da Li, Yuquan Chen

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: Magnetic field homogeneity; NMR coil; Superconducting magnet; Stress

Online: 4 July 2022 (12:17:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0384.v1

Automatic Acne Object Detection and Acne Severity Grading Using Smartphone Images and Artificial Intelligence

Quan Thanh Huynh, Phuc Hoang Nguyen, Hieu Xuan Le, Lua Thi Ngo, Nhu-Thuy Trinh, Mai Thi-Thanh Tran, Hoan Tam Nguyen, Nga Thi Vu, Anh Tam Nguyen, Kazuma Suda, Kazuhiro Tsuji, Tsuyoshi Ishii, Trung Xuan Ngo, Hoan Thanh Ngo

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: Deep Learning; Smartphone Image; Acne Grading; Acne Object DetectionDeep Learning, Smartphone Image, Acne Grading, Acne Object Detection

Online: 28 June 2022 (10:05:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0368.v1

A 3DCNN-LSTM Multi-Class Temporal Segmentation for Hand Gesture Recognition

Letizia Gionfrida, Wan M.R. Rusli, Angela E. Kedgley, Anil A. Bharath

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: hand gesture classification; transfer learning; three-dimensional convolutional; LSTM network

Online: 27 June 2022 (13:36:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0352.v1

Zn-Mn Doped Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles Loaded Zein Coatings for Bioactive and Antibacterial Orthopedic Implants

Syeda Ammara Batool, Khalil Ahmad, Muhammad Irfan, Muhammad Atiq Ur Rehman

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: Electrophoretic deposition; mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles; adhesion; antibacterial; bioactive

Online: 27 June 2022 (08:01:22 CEST)

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In recent years, natural polymers have replaced synthetic polymers for antibacterial orthopedic applications owing to their excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. Zein is a biopolymer found in corn. The lacking mechanical stability of zein is overcome by incorporating bioceramics e.g. mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBGNs). In present study, pure zein and zein/Zn-Mn MBGNs composite coatings were deposited via electrophoretic deposition (EPD) on 316L stainless steel (SS). Zn and Mn were co-doped in MBGNs in order to make use of their antibacterial and osteogenic potential, respectively. A Taguchi design of experiment (DoE) study was established to evaluate the effect of various working parameters on the morphology of the coatings. It was observed that coatings deposited at 20 V for 5 min with 4 g/L concentration (conc.) of Zn-Mn MBGNs showed highest deposition yield. Uniform coatings with highly dispersed MBGNs were obtained adopting these optimized parameters. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were employed to investigate the morphology and elemental composition of zein/Zn-Mn MBGNs composite coating. Surface properties i.e. coating roughness and wettability analysis concluded that composite coatings were appropriate for cell attachment and proliferation. For adhesion strength various techniques including tape test, bend test, pencil hardness test, and tensile test were performed. Wear and corrosion analysis highlighted the mechanical and chemical stability of coatings. Colony forming unit (CFU) test showed that zein/Zn-Mn MBGNs composite coating was highly effective against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) due to the presence of Zn. The formation of hydroxyapatite (HA) like structure upon immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) validated the in vitro bioactivity of the coating. It was concluded that zein/Zn-Mn MBGNs coating synthesized in this work can be used for bioactive and antibacterial orthopedic applications.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0315.v1

Transformers Improve Breast Cancer Diagnosis from Unregistered Multi-View Mammograms

Xuxin Chen, Ke Zhang, Ximin Wang, Neman Abdoli, Patrik W. Gilley, Hong Liu, Bin Zheng, Yuchen Qiu

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: Transformer; mammogram; multi-view; self-attention; computer-aided diagnosis; breast cancer; classification; deep learning

Online: 22 June 2022 (10:11:58 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0261.v1

Signal-Based Methods in Dielectrophoresis for Cell Separation

Malihe Farasat, Ehsan Aalaei, Saeed Kheirati Ronizi, Atin Bakhshi, Shaghayegh Mirhosseini, Jun Zhang, Nam-Trung Nguyen, Navdi Kashaninejad

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: Dielectrophoresis; Microfluidics; Cell separation; Particle sorting; Clausius-Mossotti factor; Crossover frequency

Online: 20 June 2022 (09:19:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0187.v1

Generalization and Expansion of the Hermia Model for a Better Understanding of Membrane Fouling

Gustavo Dias Pereira, Lucio Cardozo Filho, Veeriah Jegatheesan, Reginaldo Guirardello

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: Membrane fouling; Hermia model; Fouling model; Pore blocking; Blocking mechanism

Online: 13 June 2022 (12:54:53 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0167.v1

Convolutional Neural Network Techniques for Brain Tumor Classification (from 2015 to 2021): Review, Challenges, and Future Perspectives

Yuting Xie, Fulvio Zaccagna, Leonardo Rundo, Claudia Testa, Raffaele Agati, Raffaele Lodi, David Neil Manners, Caterina Tonon

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: deep learning; convolutional neural network; brain tumor classification; clinical application

Online: 13 June 2022 (04:57:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0131.v1

Photoplethysmogram Recording Length: Defining Minimal Length Requirement from Dynamical Characteristics

Nina Sviridova, Tiejun Zhao, Akimasa Nakano, Tohru Ikeguchi

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: photoplethysmogram; nonlinear dynamics; nonlinear time series analysis; data length assessment

Online: 9 June 2022 (02:57:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0112.v1

A Comparison of Computer-Aided Diagnosis Schemes Optimized Using Radiomics and Deep Transfer Learning Methods

Gopichandh Danala, Sai Kiran Maryada, Warid Islam, Rowzat Faiz, Meredith Jones, Yuchen Qiu, Bin Zheng

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) schemes; radiomics; deep transfer learning; breast lesion classi-fication; assessment of CAD performance

Online: 8 June 2022 (04:01:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0102.v1

MiWEndo: Evaluation of a Microwave Colonoscopy Algorithm for Early Colorectal Cancer Detection in Ex Vivo Human Colon Models

Marta Guardiola, Walid Dghoughi, Roberto Sont, Alejandra Garrido, Sergi Marcoval, Luz María Neira, Ignasi Belda, Glòria Fernández-Esparrach

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: endoscopes; medical diagnostic imaging; microwave antenna arrays; microwave imaging; colorectal cancer

Online: 7 June 2022 (09:55:21 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0100.v1

CARDIOSIM©: The First Italian Software Platform for Simulation of the Cardiovascular System and Mechanical Circulatory and Ventilatory Support

Beatrice De Lazzari, Roberto Badagliacca, Domenico Filomena, Silvia Papa, Carmine Dario Vizza, Massimo Capoccia, Claudio De Lazzari

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: CARDIOSIM©; numerical simulator; lumped parameter model; e-learning; mechanical circulatory support; ventilatory; cardiovascular system; heart failure; clinician

Online: 7 June 2022 (09:07:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0059.v1

Thermochemical analysis of a packed-bed reactor using finite elements with FlexPDE and COMSOL Multiphysics

Sebastian Taco-Vasquez, César A. Ron, Herman A. Murillo, Andrés Chico, Paul G. Arauz

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: packed-bed reactor; computational fluid dynamics; FlexPDE; COMSOL Multiphysics; Fischer-Tropsch

Online: 6 June 2022 (04:06:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0371.v1

Removal of Diclofenac-Na from Aqueous Solution onto H₃PO₄Modified Composite Clay

Ayobami Ajani, Ademola Adeniji, Samson Ayodabo, Abass Alade, Tinuade Afolabi, Sofiat Ganiyu

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: Bentonite-Kaolinite-Worm Cast Clay; composite; Diclofenac-Na; geosorption; wastewater

Online: 27 May 2022 (08:48:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0357.v1

Differentiating False Positive Lesions from Clinically Significant Cancer and Normal Prostate Tissue using VERDICT MRI and Other Diffusion Models

Snigdha Sen, Vanya Valindria, Paddy J. Slator, Hayley Pye, Alistair Grey, Alex Freeman, Caroline Moore, Hayley Whitaker, Shonit Punwani, Saurabh Singh, Eleftheria Panagiotaki

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: prostate cancer; diffusion MRI; false positives; biophysical modelling; deep learning

Online: 26 May 2022 (08:30:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0190.v1

Optimization of Bleaching Crude Palm Oil with Activated Snail Shell using Central Composite Design [CCD]

Modupe Ojewumi, Ezeocha Roosevelt

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: adsorbent; palm oil; central composite design; bleaching; snail shell

Online: 13 May 2022 (10:40:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0136.v1

Cells-In-Touch: 3D Printing in Reconstruction and Modelling of Microscopic Biological Geometries for Research and Education

Xavier Fitzpatrick, Alexey Fayzullin, Socrates Dokos, Anna Guller

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: 3D printing; microscopy; CAD; FDM; cell shape; cytoskeleton; tactile education; data visualization; modelling; Materialise Mimics; CiTo-3DP

Online: 10 May 2022 (10:10:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0103.v1

Integrated Microbial Fuel Cells with Chemical Coagulation Technique for Advanced Industrial Wastewater Treatment

Khaya Pearlman Shabangu, Babatunde Femi Bakare, Joseph Kapuku Bwapwa

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: chemical oxygen demand (COD); zero liquid discharge (ZLED); poly-aluminum chloride; chemi-cal-coagulation; jar-test; Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC)

Online: 9 May 2022 (05:48:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0077.v1

Influence of Foam Morphology on Flow and Heat Transport in a Random Packed Bed With Metallic Foam Pellets

Ginu R. George, Marina Bockelmann, Leonhard Schmalhorst, Didier Beton, Alexandra Gerstle, Andreas Lindermeir, Gregor D. Wehinger

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: metallic foam; CFD; fixed-bed reactor; friction factor; heat transfer coefficient

Online: 6 May 2022 (13:49:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0312.v1

E-cadherin Variants Affecting Distinct Protein Domains Impact Differently on Tensional Homeostasis of Gastric Cancer Cells

Han Xu, Katie A. Bunde, Joana Figueiredo, Raquel Seruca, Michael L. Smith, Dimitrije Stamenović

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: Tensional homeostasis; Traction microscopy; Gastric cancer cells; E-cadherin mutations; Extra-cellular matrix proteins

Online: 30 April 2022 (05:18:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0175.v1

Pushpinder Walia, Yaoyu Fu, Jack Norfleet, Steven D. Schwaitzberg, Xavier Intes, Suvranu De, Lora Cavuoto, Anirban Dutta

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: error; motor learning; surgical skills; EEG; fNIRS; neurovascular coupling

Online: 19 April 2022 (05:48:50 CEST)

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Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) is a training module designed to provide basic surgical skills. During skill training of the FLS "suturing and intracorporeal knot-tying" task – the most difficult among the five psychomotor FLS tasks, learning from errors is one of the basic principles of motor skill acquisition where appropriate contextual switching of the brain state on error is postulated. This study investigated changes in the brain state following an error event based on the fusion of simultaneously acquired functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electroencephalography (EEG) signals. Here, human error processing is postulated to differentiate experts from novices based on the differences in the error-related chain of mental processes. Thirteen right-handed novice medical students and nine expert surgeons participated in this study. Error-related microstate analysis was performed using 32-channel EEG data at a high temporal resolution. Six microstate prototypes were identified from combined EEG data from experts and novices during the FLS task. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) found that the proportion of the total time spent in different microstates during the 10 sec error epoch was significantly affected by the skill level (p<0.01), microstate type (p<0.01), and the interaction between the skill level and the microstate type (p<0.01). Then, the EEG band power (1-40Hz) related to slower oxyhemoglobin (HbO) changes were found using regularized temporally embedded Canonical Correlation Analysis of the fNIRS-EEG signals. The HbO signal from the fNIRS channel overlying ‘Frontal_Inf_Oper_L’, ‘Frontal_Mid_Orb_L’, ‘Postcentral_L’, ‘Temporal_Sup_L’, ‘Frontal_Mid_Orb_R’ cortical areas from Automatic Anatomical Labelling showed significant (p<0.05) difference between experts and novices in the 10-sec error epoch. Here, the frontal/prefrontal cortical areas are postulated to be related to the perception and the activation of the primary somatosensory cortex at the postcentral cortical area is hypothesized to be related to the action underpinning perception-action coupling model for the error-related chain of mental processes. Therefore, our study highlighted the importance of error-related brain states from portable brain imaging when comparing complex surgical skill levels.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0088.v1

Signal Quality Valuation with Optimal Power Consumption and High Compression Ratio Method for Estimate Heart Rate Applied to Real-time PPG Measurement

Ngoc-Thang Bui, Tri Ho Minh, Bang Le-Huy Nguyen, Trong Toai Truong, Dinh Luong Le

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: Lossy/ lossless compression; Huffman coding; real-time PPG measurement; heart rate estimate, Message Queueing Telemetry Transport (MQTT); healthcare system

Online: 11 April 2022 (04:21:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0409.v1

Comparison of Laminoplasty on Lordotic, Straight and Kyphotic Cervical Alignments Suggest Poor Outcomes for Kyphotic Cervical Alignment: Finite Element Analysis

Norihiro Nishida, Muzammil Mumtaz, Sudharshan Tripathi, Amey Kelkar, Justin Mendoza, Yogesh Kumaran, Vijay Goel

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: cervical alignment; cervical laminoplasty; spinal cord; finite element analysis; cervical spine biomechanics

Online: 31 March 2022 (13:58:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0322.v1

Novel Centroid Method for Robust Evaluation of Return Time of Reflected Waves in the Systemic Arterial Network

Avinash Kondiboyina, Joseph J Smolich, Michael MH Cheung, Jonathan P Mynard

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: wave reflection; cardiovascular modelling; arterial hemodynamics

Online: 24 March 2022 (05:21:26 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0307.v1

Response Surface Optimisation of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) on Borosilicate Glass and Stainless-Steel (SS316) to Increase Hydrophobicity

Saiful Irwan Zubairi, Nadiah Ramlan, Yusof Maskat

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: Optimisation; Surface Modification; Contact Angle; PDMS; Stainless-Steel; Borosilicate Glass

Online: 23 March 2022 (04:25:16 CET)

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Particle deposition on the surface of the drying chamber poses the main drawback in the spray drying process, which reduces the product recovery and affects the quality of the product. In view of this, the potential application of chemical surface modification to produce a hydrophobic surface that reduces the powder adhesion (biofouling) on the wall of the drying chamber was investigated in this study. The hydrophobic Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) solution was used in the vertical dipping method at room temperature to determine the optimum coating parameters on borosilicate glass and stainless-steel substrates, which were used to mimick the wall surface of the drying chamber, to achieve highly hydrophobic surfaces. A single-factor experiment was used to define the range of the PDMS concentration and treatment duration using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) was used to study the effects of the concentration of the PDMS solution (X1, %) and the treatment duration (X2, hr) on the contact angle of the substrate (°), which reflected the hydrophobicity of the surface. A three-dimensional (3D) response surface was constructed to examine the influence of the PDMS concentration and treatment duration on the contact angle readings, which serve as an indicator of the surface's hydrophobic characteristic. Based on the optimisation study, the PDMS coating for the borosilicate glass achieved an optimum contact angle of 99.33° through the combination PDMS concentration: X1 = 1% (w/v) and treatment time X2 = 4.94 hr, while the PDMS coating for the stainless-steel substrate achieved an optimum contact angle of 98.31° with PDMS concentration: X1 = 1% (w/v) and treatment time X2 = 1 hr. Additionally, the infrared spectra identified several new peaks that appeared on the PDMS-treated surfaces, which represented the presence of Si-O-Si, Si-CH3, CH2, and CH3 functional groups for the substrates coated with PDMS. Furthermore, the surface morphology analysis using the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) showed the presence of significant roughness and uniform nanostructure on the surface of PDMS-treated substrates, which indicated the reduction of wettability and the potential effect on unwanted biofouling on the spray drying chamber.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0230.v1

Optimised Design of An Arterial Network Model Reproduces Characteristic Central and Peripheral Hemodynamic Waveform Features in Young Adults

Avinash Kondiboyina, Hilary A. Harrington, Joseph J. Smolich, Michael M. H. Cheung, Jonathan P. Mynard

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: cardiovascular modelling; arterial haemodynamics; wave reflection

Online: 16 March 2022 (10:05:44 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0193.v1

In Vitro Investigation of Gas Embolism in Microfluidic Networks Mimicking Microvasculature

Mohammad Mahdi Mardanpour, Ayyappasamy Sudalaiyadum Perumal, Zahra Mahmoodi, Karine Baassiri, Gala Montiel Rubies, Kenneth M. LeDez, Dan V. Nicolau

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: gas embolism; microfluidics; microvasculature; flow pattern

Online: 15 March 2022 (03:13:48 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0160.v1

A Photolysis-assist Molecular Communication for Tumour Bio-sensing

Yue Sun, Huafeng Bian, Yifan Chen

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: Bio-Sensing; inter-symbol interference; molecular communication; synchronisation

Online: 11 March 2022 (04:43:21 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0054.v1

Robust PVC Identification by Fusing Expert System and Deep Learning

Zhipeng Cai, Tiantian Wang, Yumin Shen, Yantao Xing, Ruqiang Yan, Jianqing Li, Chengyu Liu

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: electrocardiogram; K-means clustering algorithm; premature ventricular contraction; rule-based decision algorithm

Online: 3 March 2022 (07:22:36 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0294.v1

A Wearable Shear Force Transducer Based on Color Spectrum Analysis

Michael McGeehan, Michael E. Hahn, Salil Karipott, Keat Ghee Ong

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: Sensor; optoelectronics; shear; force; biomechanics; gait; wearables; healthcare

Online: 23 February 2022 (13:35:58 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0257.v1

Are Microreactors the Future of Biodiesel Synthesis?

Rosilene Welter, João Silva Jr., Marcos de Souza, Mariana Lopes, Osvaldir Taranto, Harrson Santana

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: Biodiesel; Microreactor; Transesterification; Computational Fluid Dynamics

Online: 21 February 2022 (14:53:11 CET)

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Microfluidic devices or microdevices refer to systems with a characteristic length in the micrometer range. Systems in this size allow handling small quantities of reagents and samples, with reduced residence time, better control of chemical species concentration, high heat and mass transfers, and high surface/volume ratio. These characteristics led to the application of these microdevices in several areas, such as biological systems, energy, liquid-liquid extraction, food, agricultural sectors, pharmaceuticals, flow chemistry, microreactors, and biodiesel synthesis. Microreactors are devices that have interconnected microchannels, in which small amounts of reagents are manipulated and react for a certain period of time. The traditional characteristics of microreactors are less quantities of reagents and samples, high surface area in relation to volume (10000 m² m^-3), reduction of resistance to heat and mass transfer, reduced reaction times, and narrower residence time distributions. In recent years, several studies have been carried out on biodiesel production in microreactors that explore the influence of operating conditions, mixing and reaction yield, numbering, and especially the microdevices design. Despite all the advantages of microreactors, the literature shows that there are only a few applications on an industrial scale. Two main reasons that hinder the adoption of this technology are the scale-up to a large enough volume to deliver the necessary production capacity and the costs related to industrial manufacturing microreactors. It is often stated that large-scale production of microreactors can be easily achieved by numbering-up. However, researches show that an incredibly high number of microdevices would be needed, which results in a technical unfeasibility and a strong impact on the construction costs of the industrial system. The present review aims to show whether microreactors can replace conventional biodiesel production processes and how this replacement technology could be carried out. The current chapter was divided into the following sections: Introduction, Synthesis and Purification of Biodiesel in Microreactors, Fundamentals of CFD, and Fundamentals of Scale-up. Finally, conclusions and future perspectives are exposed.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0204.v1

Development and Validation of a Digital Image Processing-Based Pill Detection Tool for an Oral Medication Self-Monitoring System

Jannis Holtkötter, Rita Amaral, Rute Almeida, Cristina Jácome, Ricardo Cardoso, Ana Pereira, Mariana Pereira, Ki Chon, João Almeida Fonseca

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: computer vision; image processing; medication adherence; object detection; pill detection

Online: 17 February 2022 (08:45:14 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0080.v1

The Turmell-Meter: A Device for Ankle Joint Axis Estimation Appliyng Product of Exponentials

Óscar Agudelo, Ángel Valera, Julio Vargas-Riaño

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: anthropometry; biomechanics; coordinate measuring machines; in vivo; kinematics; mechanical sensors; sensor arrays; human ankle model, operational amplifiers; pose estimation; position measurement; rehabilitation robotics; biomedical informatics; product of exponentials formula; Riemmanian manifolds

Online: 7 February 2022 (11:50:24 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0050.v1

Neural Implants: A Review Of Current Trends And Future Perspectives

Halima-Tul-Rokeya Mim, Munima Haque, Salman Khan Promon

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: Neuroprosthetics; Brain Computer Interface; Neural Implants; Deep Brain Stimulation

Online: 3 February 2022 (11:06:15 CET)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0032.v1

User-View on Organ-on-a-Chip Technology

Mathias Busek, Aleksandra Aizenshtadt, Mikel Amirola Martinez, Ludivine Delon, Stefan Krauss

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: Organ-on-a-Chip (OoC); Micro-physiological systems (MPS); survey; usability; limitations; disease models; drug testing

Online: 2 February 2022 (12:20:19 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0401.v1

Simultaneous ThermoBrachytherapy: Electromagnetic Simulation Methods For Fast And Accurate Adaptive Treatment Planning

Ioannis Androulakis, Rob M.C. Mestrom, Miranda E.M.C. Christianen, Inger-Karine K. Kolkman-Deurloo, Gerard C. van Rhoon

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: Interstitial Hyperthermia; Automated treatment planning; Electromagnetic simulations; ThermoBrachytherapy; High dose rate brachytherapy; Quasistatic simulations; Capacitive heating; Treatment plan optimization; Finite-Difference Time-Domain; Gamma index analysis.

Online: 26 January 2022 (13:14:59 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0231.v1

Multiscale Modelling of Fuel Cells and Related Energy Conversion Systems

Ilenia Rossetti

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: Fuel cells modelling; Heat and power cogeneration; PEMFC; SOFC

Online: 17 January 2022 (14:13:45 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0139.v1

Quantitative Optical Coherence Tomography for Longitudinal Monitoring of Postnatal Retinal Development

Guangying Ma, Jie Ding, Tae-Hoon Kim, Xincheng Yao

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: postnatal retinal development; retinal layer thickness; OCT

Online: 11 January 2022 (13:01:38 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0410.v2

Piezoresistive Conductive Microfluidic Membranes for Low-Cost On-Chip Pressure and Flow Sensing

Md Nazibul Islam, Steven M Doria, Zachary R Gagnon, Xiaotong Fu

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: Microfluidics; Impedance Spectroscopy; Pressure Sensor

Online: 5 January 2022 (10:36:30 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0016.v2

A LabVIEW Instrument Aimed for the Research on Brain-Computer Interface by Enabling the Acquisition, Processing, and the Neural Networks based Classification of the Raw EEG Signal Detected by the Embedded NeuroSky Biosensor

Oana Andreea Rușanu

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: brain-computer interface; EEG signal; artificial neural networks, LabVIEW application; features extraction; eye-blinks detection; EEG headset

Online: 4 January 2022 (17:56:46 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0401.v2

Space Bioprocess Engineering on the Horizon

Aaron Berliner, Isaac Lipsky, Davian Ho, Jacob Hilzinger, Gretchen Vengerova, George Makrygiorgos, Matthew McNulty, Kevin Yates, Nils Averesch, Charles Cockell, Tyler Wallentine, Lance Seefeldt, Craig Criddle, Somen Nandi, Karen McDonald, Amor Menezes, Ali Mesbah, Adam Arkin

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: space systems bioengineering; biomanufacturing; space bioprocess engineering; biotransformation human exploration; in situ resource utilization; life support systems; biomanufacturing; space policy

Online: 27 December 2021 (15:48:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0410.v1

Piezoresistive Conductive Microfluidic Membranes for Low-Cost On-Chip Pressure and Flow Sensing

Md Nazibul Islam, Steven M Doria, Zachary R Gagnon

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: Microfluidics; Impedance Spectroscopy; Pressure Sensor

Online: 24 December 2021 (15:54:59 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0401.v1

Space Bioprocess Engineering on the Horizon

Aaron Berliner, Isaac Lipsky, Davian Ho, Jacob Hilzinger, Gretchen Vengerova, George Makrygiorgos, Matthew McNulty, Kevin Yates, Nils Averesch, Charles Cockell, Tyler Wallentine, Lance Seefeldt, Craig Criddle, Somen Nandi, Karen McDonald, Amor Menezes, Adam Arkin

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: space systems bioengineering; biomanufacturing; space bioprocess engineering; biotransformation human exploration; in situ resource utilization; life support systems; biomanufacturing; space policy

Online: 24 December 2021 (10:59:10 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0268.v1

A Microfluidic Dielectric Spectroscopy System for Characterization of Biological Cells in Physiological Media

Shide Bakhtiari, Mohammad K. D. Manshadi, Amin Mansoorifar, Ali Beskok

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: Real-time cell characterization; electrode polarization; cell membrane capacitance; cytoplasm resistance; dendritic gold nanostructures

Online: 16 December 2021 (11:39:56 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0246.v1

Impact of Formulation Conditions on Lipid Nanoparticle Characteristics and Functional Delivery of CRISPR RNP for Gene Knock-Out and Correction

Johanna Walther, Danny Wilbie, Vincent S.J. Tissingh, Mert Öktem, Heleen van der Veen, Bo Lou, Enrico Mastrobattista

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: CRISPR; LNP; formulation; NHEJ; HDR; AF4; delivery

Online: 14 December 2021 (18:24:56 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0229.v1

Assessment of K-Struvite Precipitation as a Means of Nutrient Recovery From Source Separated Human Urine

Işık Kabdaşlı, Sezen Kuşçuoğlu, Olcay Tünay, Alessio Siciliano

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: human urine; K-struvite precipitation; nutrient recovery; operation parameters; solid phases

Online: 14 December 2021 (11:46:20 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0160.v1

Light-Addressable Potentiometric Sensors in Microfluidics

xueliang li, shibin liu, jie tan, chunsheng wu

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: Light-Addressable Potentiometric Sensor (LAPS); Micropump; Microfluidics; Chemical Sensors; Biosensors

Online: 9 December 2021 (15:43:16 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0128.v1

In-vitro and In-vivo Feasibility Study for a Mobile VV-ECMO and ECCO2R System

Lasse Johannes Strudthoff, Hanna Lüken, Sebastian Victor Jansen, Jan Petran, Peter Schlanstein, Lotte Schraven, Benjamin Josef Schürmann, Niklas Balduin Steuer, Georg Wagner, Thomas Schmitz-Rode, Ulrich Steinseifer, Jutta Arens, Rüdger Kopp

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: ECMO; ECLS; ECCO2R; ARDS; respiratory failure, LTx, DIN EN ISO 7199; Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, acute respiratory distress syndrome, animal model

Online: 8 December 2021 (14:16:25 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0316.v2

Engineering a Clinical Force Measuring Walker for Patients Recovering from Median Sternotomy

Ansel LaPier

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: cardiac surgery; bone fracture; median sternotomy; rehabilitation; ossicication; functional mobility; assistanve device; feedback

Online: 7 December 2021 (23:36:05 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0019.v1

Using Resonance Acoustic Emission Vibrations as a Method for Implant Insertion Assessment in Total Hip Arthroplasty

Jonathan CJ Wei, Willem HA Crezee, Hilda Jongeneel, Tobias SA De Haas, Wesley LA Kool, Bryan J Blaauw, Jenny Dankelman, Tim Horeman

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: Medical device; surgery; hip arthroplasty; acoustics; vibration emissions

Online: 1 December 2021 (13:43:22 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0003.v1

Investigation Into Cervical Spine Biomechanics Following Single, Multilevel and Hybrid Disc Replacement Surgery With Dynamic Cervical Implant and Fusion: A Finite Element Study

Muzammil Mumtaz, Iman Zafarparandeh, Deniz Ufuk Erbulut

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: cervical spine; finite element; dynamic cervical implant; multi-level fusion; hybrid surgery; disc replacement

Online: 1 December 2021 (10:24:47 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0519.v1

Fluoroscopic 3D Image Generation from Patient-Specific PCA Motion Models Derived from 4D-CBCT Patient Datasets: A Feasibility Study

Salam Dhou, Mohanad Alkhodari, Dan Ionascu, Christopher Williams, John H. Lewis

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: principal component analysis (PCA); motion model; respiratory-correlated four-dimensional cone-beam CT (4D-CBCT); lung cancer; stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT); image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT)

Online: 29 November 2021 (10:04:11 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0364.v1

Cannabidiol-Loaded Mixed Polymeric Micelles of Chitosan/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) And Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) For Trans-Corneal Delivery

Alejandro Sosnik, Ronya Ben Shabo, Hen Moshe Halamish

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: Polymeric micelles; cannabidiol (CBD); spray-drying; ocular drug delivery; corneal epithelial cells

Online: 19 November 2021 (14:48:27 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0357.v1

Electroanalytical Biosensors for Circulating Tumor DNA Detection—A Brief Review

Zhijia Peng, Xiaogang Lin, Weiqi Nian, Xiaodong Zheng, Jayne Wu

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: non-destructive; biosensors; real-time detection; circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA); high sensitivity; Internet of Things

Online: 19 November 2021 (14:28:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0353.v1

Autologous Gradient Formation Under Differential Interstitial Fluid Flow Environments

Caleb Stine, Jennifer Munson

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: interstitial flow; glioma; chemotaxis; autologous; computational; gradient; CXCL12; migration

Online: 19 November 2021 (13:01:48 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0345.v1

Enhancing EEG-Based Mental Stress State Recognition using an Improved Hybrid Feature Selection Algorithm

ALA HAG, Dini Handayani, Maryam Altalhi, Thulasyammal Pillai, Teddy Mantoro, Mun Hou Kit, Fares Al-Shargie

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: brain-computer interface (BCI); electroencephalography (EEG); stress state recognition; feature selection; particle swarm optimization (PSO); mRMR; SVM; DEEP; SEED

Online: 19 November 2021 (11:01:19 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0303.v1

Machine Learning for Screening Microvascular Complications in Type-2 Diabetic Patients using Demographic, Clinical, and Laboratory Profiles

Mamunur Rashid, Mohanad Alkhodari, Abdul Mukit, Khawza Iftekhar Uddin Ahmed, Raqibul Mostafa, Sharmin Parveen, Ahsan H. Khandoker

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: Microvascular complications; Cardiac autonomic neuropathy; Diabetic peripheral neuropathy; Diabetic nephropathy; Diabetic retinopathy; patient profiles; machine learning

Online: 17 November 2021 (11:54:23 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0266.v1

Pan-Cancer Integrative Analysis of Whole-Genome De novo Somatic Point Mutations Reveals 17 Cancer Types

Amirreza Kazemi, Amin Ghareyazi, Kimia Hamidieh, Hamed Dashti, Maedeh Tahaei, Hamid Rabiee, Hamid Alinejad Rokny, Abdollah Dehzangi

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: Pan-Cancer; somatic point mutations; cancer subtyping; biomarker discovery; driver genes; per-sonalized medicine; health data analytics

Online: 15 November 2021 (13:51:33 CET)

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The advent of high throughput sequencing has enabled researchers to systematically evaluate the genetic variations in cancer, resulting in identifying many cancer-associated genes. Although cancers in the same tissue are widely categorized in the same group, they demonstrate many differences concerning their mutational profiles. Hence there is no “silver bullet” for the treatment of a cancer type. This reveals the importance of developing a pipeline to identify cancer-associated genes accurately and re-classify patients with similar mutational profiles. Classification of cancer patients with similar mutational profiles may help discover subtypes of cancer patients who might benefit from specific treatment types. In this study, we propose a new machine learning pipeline to identify protein-coding genes mutated in a significant portion of samples to identify cancer subtypes. We applied our pipeline to 12270 samples collected from the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC), covering 19 cancer types. Here we identified 17 different cancer subtypes. Comprehensive phenotypic and genotypic analysis indicates distinguishable properties, including unique cancer-related signaling pathways, in which, for most of them, targeted treatment options are currently available. This new subtyping approach offers a novel opportunity for cancer drug development based on the mutational profile of patients. We also comprehensive study the causes of mutations among samples in each subtype by mining the mutational signatures, which provides important insight into their active molecular mechanisms. Some of the pathways we identified in most subtypes, including the cell cycle and the Axon guidance pathways, are frequently observed in cancer disease. Interestingly, we also identified several mutated genes and different rates of mutation in multiple cancer subtypes. In addition, our study on “gene-motif” suggests the importance of considering both the context of the mutations and mutational processes in identifying cancer-associated genes. The source codes for our proposed clustering pipeline and analysis are publicly available at: https://github.com/bcb-sut/Pan-Cancer.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0240.v1

Microfluidic Platform combined with a Dark Field Imaging System for Quantification of E. coli Contamination in Water

Anna Malec, Christoph Haiden, Georgios Kokkinis, Ioanna Giouroudi

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: pathogen detection, bacteria quantification, dark field imaging, hydrodynamic diameter, E.coli, biosensing, water contamination, magnetic microparticles

Online: 12 November 2021 (17:09:40 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0200.v1

Machine Learning in Apache Spark Environment for Diagnosis of Diabetes

Farshid Bagheri Saravi, Shadi Moghanian, Giti Javidi, Ehsan O Sheybani

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: Diabetes; Diagnosis; Machine Learning; Wireless Body Area Networks; Apache Spark; Feature Selection

Online: 10 November 2021 (09:00:39 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0041.v1

The Oxygen Desaturation Measured by Optical Sensor at Fingertip but Not at the Arm Is Diminished by Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Zhongxing Zhang, Ming Qi, Gordana Hügli, Ramin Khatami

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: Obstructive sleep apnea; Continuous positive airways pressure therapy; Near-infrared spectroscopy; Oxygen desaturation; Arm; Pulse oximeter

Online: 2 November 2021 (10:52:45 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0442.v1

A Simulation Analysis of an Influenza Vaccine Production Plant in Areas of High Humanitarian Flow. A Case Study for the Region of Norte de Santander (Colombia)

Jefferson Eduardo Contreras-Ropero, Silvia Liliana Ruiz-Roa, Janet B. García-Martínez, Néstor A. Urbina-Suarez, Germán L. López-Barrera, Andrés F. Barajas-Solano, Antonio Zuorro

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: Modeling process; SuperPro Designer®; Cell Culture; Public health; Developing countries

Online: 28 October 2021 (15:16:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0378.v1

Assessing the Economic Viability of the Plastic Biorefinery and Its Contribution to a More Circular Plastic Sector

Megan Roux, Cristiano Varrone

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: bio-based plastic; circular plastic economy; biorefinery; techno-economic analysis; polyethylene terephthalate; polyethylene furanoate; polytrimethylene terephthalate

Online: 26 October 2021 (12:09:03 CEST)

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It is widely accepted that plastic waste is one of our most urgent environmental concerns the world is currently facing. Plastic has contributed greatly to innovation in all fields, but the raw material for its production (fossil fuels), as well as the linear economy in which it is currently produced and used, makes the material problematic from a sustainability and human health perspectives. The emergence of bio-based plastics provides an opportunity to reduce dependency on fossil fuels and transition to a more circular plastics economy. For polyethylene terephthalate (PET), one of the most prevalent plastics in packaging and textiles, there exist two bio-based alternatives that are similar or superior in material property and recyclability. These are polyethylene furanoate (PEF) and polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT). The overarching aim of this study was to examine the transition from fossil-based to renewable plastics, through the lens of PET upcycling into PEF and PTT. The process for the production of PEF and PTT from three feed streams (post-consumer PET waste, lignocellulosic biomass-derived cellulose and biodiesel-derived crude glycerol) was developed in the software SuperPro Designer and the economic viability assessed via a discounted cumulative cash flow (DCCF) analysis. This study represents a conceptual case study of the valorisation of existing plastic waste into new, recyclable bio-based plastics, for a more sustainable plastics production. A techno-economic analysis of the designed process revealed that the minimum selling price (MSP) of second generation-derived PEF and PTT is 3.13 USD/kg, and that utilities and the feedstock used for the production of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) needed in PEF synthesis contributed the most to the process operating costs. The effect of recycling PEF and PTT through the process at three recycling rates (42%, 50% and 55%) was investigated and revealed that increased recycling could reduce the MSP of the 2G bio-plastics (by 48.5%) to 1.61 USD/kg. This demonstrates that increasing recycling rates would have a beneficial effect on the economic viability of the plastic biorefinery.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0375.v1

Explainable Convolutional Neural Network to Investigate the Age-Related Changes in Multi-Order Functional Connectivity

Sunghee Dong, Yan Jin, SuJin Bak, Bumchul Yoon, and Jichai Jeong

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: Brain-Computer Interface (BCI), Convolutional neural network (CNN), Electroencephalogram (EEG), Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI)

Online: 26 October 2021 (11:45:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0316.v1

Engineering a Clinical Force Measuring Walker for Patients Recovering from Median Sternotomy

Ansel LaPier

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: Bone fracture; Median sternotomy; Ossification; Rehabilitation; Functional mobility; Assistive device; Feedback training; Sternal precautions; Instrumented walker

Online: 21 October 2021 (22:50:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0238.v1

Development of a Feedback Training Protocol and Clinical Force Measuring Walker for Older Patients with Restricted Upper Extremity Weight Bearing

Ansel LaPier

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: Median sternotomy; Ossification; Cardiac surgery; Rehabilitation; Functional mobility; Bone fracture; Assistive device; Feedback training; Sternal precautions; Instrumented walker

Online: 18 October 2021 (10:43:01 CEST)

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Patients recovering from bone disruption due to trauma or surgery need to limit movement to minimize shear force, thereby protecting callus formation and osteogenesis. Patients often use their arms to assist with functional activities, but pushing is frequently limited to <10 lb (4.5 kg). With only verbal instructions, patients’ ability to accurately limit weight-bearing (WB) force is poor. A therapeutic intervention to improve patient adherence with upper extremity (UE) WB guidelines during functional mobility using an instrumented walker could be beneficial. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to describe a feedback training protocol to improve the ability to modulate weight-bearing force in older adults and then provide an overview of the efficacy of this protocol and subsequent development of a Clinical Force Measuring Walker. An instrumented walker was used to measure UE WB during functional mobility in older healthy subjects (n = 30) before, during, and after (immediately and 2 hours) a visual and auditory concurrent feedback training session. During feedback training, force was significantly reduced with all 3 sessions as compared to baseline. When using the front wheeled walker, UE WB force during the second and third feedback training trials went down compared to the first trial. During the third feedback training trial, force was greater than the two previous trials while transferring sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit. After completion of practice with feedback, UE WB force was significantly reduced and remained so 2 hours later. These findings suggest that feedback training is effective for helping patients to modulate UE WB. Use of an instrumented walker and feedback training would be beneficial in clinical practice, especially with older patients. A more intensive feedback training with additional trials and or simultaneous visual and auditory cues during whole-practice may be needed to get UE WB below a 10 lb threshold.

Working Paper ARTICLE

Visual Biofeedback Tool for Quantitative Pressure Monitoring in Lower-Limb Prosthetic Sockets

Shruti Turner, Shivali Jain, Akhil Patel, Matthew O Hopkins, Alison H McGregor

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: prosthetics; prosthetic socket; prosthetic socket fitting; biofeedback; rehabilitation; amputation

Online: 6 October 2021 (12:58:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0099.v1

Visual Biofeedback Tool for Quantitative Pressure Monitoring in Lower-Limb Prosthetic Sockets

Shruti Turner, Shivali Jain, Akhil Patel, Matthew O Hopkins, Alison H McGregor

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: prosthetics; prosthetic socket; prosthetic socket fitting; biofeedback; rehabilitation; amputation

Online: 6 October 2021 (10:22:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0097.v1

Process Analysis of PMMA Dental Resins Scraps Depolimerization: Optimization of Reaction Time and Temperature

Paulo Bisi dos Santos Jr., Haroldo Jorge da Silva Ribeiro, Armando Costa Ferreira, Caio Campos Ferreira, Lucas Pinto Bernar, Douglas Alberto Rocha de Castro, Fernanda Paula da Costa Assunção, Marcelo Costa Santos, Sergio Duvoisin Jr., Luiz Eduardo Pizaro Borges, Nelio Teixeira Machado

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: PMMA; Pyrolysis; Plastics Wastes; Depolymerization; Distillation; Recovery of Methylmethac-rylate

Online: 6 October 2021 (09:19:43 CEST)

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In this work, the cross-linked PMMA-based dental resins scraps were submitted to pyrolysis to recover MMA (Methylmethacrylate). The thermal degradation of cross-linked PMMA-based dental resins scraps was analyzed by TG/DTG to guide the operating conditions in pilot scale. The pyrolysis experiments carried out in a reactor of 143L, at 345, 405, and 420°C, 1.0 atmosphere. The reaction liquid products obtained at 345°C, physicochemical characterized for density, kinematic viscosity, and refractive index. The chemical composition of liquid products obtained at 345°C, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 110 minutes, at 405°C, 50, 70, and 130 minutes, and at 420°C, 40, 50, 80, 100, 110, and 130 minutes determined by GC-MS. The experiments show that liquid phase yields were 55.50%, 48.73%, and 48.20% (wt.), at 345, 405, and 420°C, respectively, showing a smooth sigmoid behavior, decreasing with increasing temperature, while that of gas phase were 31.69%, 36.60%, and 40.13% (wt.), respectively, increasing with temperature. The liquid products density, kinematic viscosity, and refractive index obtained at 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 110 minutes, varied between 0.9227 and 0.9380 g/mL, 0.566 and 0.588 mm2/s, and 1.401 and 1.414, respectively, showing percentage deviations between 0.74 and 2.36%, 7.40 and 10.86%, and 0.00 and 0.92%, respectively, compared to standard values for density, kinematic viscosity, and refractive index of pure MMA at 20 °C. The GC-MS identified in the reaction liquid products at 345, 405, and 420°C, 1.0 atm, esters of carboxylic acids, alcohols, ketones, and aromatics, showing concentrations of MMA between 83.454 and 98.975% (area.). For all the depolymerization experiments, the concentrations of MMA in the liquid phase, between 30 and 80 minutes, reach purities above 98% (area.), decreasing drastically with increasing reaction time after 100 minutes, thus making it possible to depolymerize the cross-linked PMMA-based dental resins scraps by pyrolysis to recover MMA. The optimum operating conditions to achieve high MMA concentrations, as well as elevated yields of liquid reaction products were 345 °C and 80 minutes.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0044.v1

Synthesis of Hydrogel Films Based on PVA, PVP, Starch and Keratin Extracted From Chicken Feathers Wastes for the Potential Biomedical Applications

Mohamed Saad Bala Husain, Basma Yahya Al-Ashwal, Arun Gupta, Swati Sharma, Venugopal Jayarama Reddy, Husam Eldin Elhag Abugabr Elhag, Triveni Soubam

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: Hydrogel; Keratin; Chicken feather waste

Online: 4 October 2021 (10:49:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0482.v1

High-Throughput, Label-Free Isolation of White Blood Cells From Whole Blood Using Parallel Spiral Microchannels With U-Shaped Cross-Section

Amirhossein Mehran, Peyman Rostami, Mohammad Said Saidi, Bahar Firoozabadi, Navid Kashaninejad

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: WBC isolation; Spiral microchannels; Inertial microfluidics; Passive cell separation; High-throughput separation

Online: 29 September 2021 (09:35:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0469.v1

Convection – Diffusion – Radiation Heat and Mass Transfer to a Sphere Accompanied by a Surface Exothermal Chemical Reaction

Gheorghe Juncu

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: heat transfer; mass transfer; convection-radiation; surface reaction; diffusion approximation; finite difference.

Online: 28 September 2021 (11:38:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0424.v1

Microfluidic Lab-On-a-Chip based on UHF-Dielectrophoresis for Stemness Phenotype Characterization and Discrimination among Glioblastoma Cells

Elisa Lambert, Rémi Manczak, Elodie Barthout, Sofiane Saada, Elena Porcù, Francesca Maule, Barbara BESSETTE, Giampietro Viola, Luca Persano, Claire DALMAY, Fabrice Lalloué, Arnaud POTHIER

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: high frequency dielectrophoresis; glioblastoma cells; single cell manipulation; microfluidic point-of-care device; cancer stem cells

Online: 24 September 2021 (11:11:35 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0391.v1

Biomechanical Constitutive Modeling of the Gastrointestinal Tissues: Where Are We?

Bhavesh Patel, Alessio Gizzi, Javad Hashemi, Yousif Awakeem, Hans Gregersen, Ghassan Kassab

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: Digestive tract; Colon; Biomechanics; Mechanical properties; Strain energy function; Hyperelasticity

Online: 22 September 2021 (22:25:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0357.v1

Microvalve bioprinting of MSC-Chondrocyte Co-Cultures

Joseph Dudman, Ana Marina Ferreira, Piergiorgio Gentile, Xiao Wang, Kenneth Dalgarno

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: Biofabrication; Bioprinting; Drop-on-demand; Microvalve; Micro-tissue; 3D Cell culture; Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation

Online: 21 September 2021 (11:16:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0335.v1

Personalization of a Human Body Model Using Subject-Specific Clothing Industry Dimensions

Luděk Hynčík, Hana Čechová, Tomasz Bońkowski, Gabriela Kavalířová, Petra Špottová, Viola Hampejsová, Hong Meng

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: human body; anthropometric dimensions; personalization; subject-specific model; biofidelity

Online: 20 September 2021 (14:15:24 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0287.v1

Anti-Cancer Drug Screening with Microfluidic Technology

Mojdeh Monjezi, Milad Rismanian, Hamidreza Jamaati, Navid Kashaninejad

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: drug screening; monodrug or combinatorial drug screening; anti-cancer

Online: 16 September 2021 (13:46:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0221.v1

Three-Dimensional Finite Element Investigation Into Effects of Implant Thread Design and Loading Rate on Stress Distribution in Dental Implants and Anisotropic Bone

Dawit Bogale Alemayehu, Yeau Ren Jeng

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: quasi-static load; abutment screw; dental implant; finite element method; dynamic load; mesiodistal

Online: 13 September 2021 (15:55:30 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0137.v1

Psychological Changes and Cancer Occurrence of Citizens Due to Changes in Concentration Before Seoul Fine Dust Policy

Kil Yong Choi, Wonho Yang

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: Environmental diseases; Air pollution; Fine dust; Living environment; Satisfaction; Policy

Online: 8 September 2021 (10:11:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0110.v1

Effects of Sex and 17β-Estradiol on Cardiac Fibroblast Morphology and Signaling Activities in vitro

Kelsey Watts, Will Richardson

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: cardiac fibroblasts; sex-specific; estrogen; fibrosis; heart failure

Online: 6 September 2021 (17:24:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0056.v1

A Microfluidic Aptamer-Based Sensor for Detection of Mercury (II) and Lead (II) Ions in Water

Wei-Hao Huang, Ruo-Yin Wu, Ko-Li Yeh, Van-Phung Mai, Ruey-Jen Yang

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: Aptamer; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer; Heavy Metal Ions; Graphene Oxide; Microfluidic Device; Sensor.

Online: 3 September 2021 (10:29:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0018.v1

The Effect of Sulfated Zirconia and Zirconium Phosphate Nanocomposite Membranes on Fuel Cell Efficiency

Rudzani Sigwadi, Touhami Mokrani, Phumlani Msomi, Fulufhelo Nemavhola

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: Sulphated zirconium oxide; zirconium phosphates; incorporation; water contact angle, fuel cell efficiency.

Online: 1 September 2021 (14:01:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0412.v1

Influence of Degradation Products on the Elastic Stiffness Properties of Porous Absorbable Scaffolds Made From Bioabsorbable Metals

Jannik Bühring, Maximilian Voshage, Johannes Heinrich Schleifenbaum, Holger Jahr, Kai-Uwe Schröder

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: additive manufacturing; scaffolds; bioabsorbable metals; lattice structures; stiffness properties; biodegradation

Online: 20 August 2021 (11:57:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0114.v2

A Virtual Reality System for Improved Image-based Planning of Complex Cardiac Procedures

Shujie Deng, Gavin Wheeler, Nicolas Toussaint, Lindsay Munroe, Suryava Bhattacharya, Gina Sajith, Ei Lin, Eeshar Singh, Ka Yee Kelly Chu, Saleha Kabir, Kuberan Pushparajah, John M Simpson, Julia A Schnabel, Alberto Gomez

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: virtual reality; pre-operative imaging; echocardiography

Online: 18 August 2021 (10:02:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0253.v1

Automatic Lab on PCB System for Agarose Gel Preparation and Electrophoresis for Biomedical Applications

Jesús David Urbano-Gámez, Francisco Perdigones, José Manuel Quero

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: Lab on PCB; Electrophoresis; Biomedical applications; Agarose

Online: 11 August 2021 (11:02:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0139.v1

Intelligent Image Classification for Grading Egyptian Cotton Lint

Oliver J. Fisher, Ahmed Rady, Aly A. A. El-Banna, Nicholas J. Watson, Haitham H. Emaish

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: Digital Manufacturing; Sensors; Machine Learning; Industry 4.0; Optical; Cotton Lint; Industrial Digital Technologies

Online: 5 August 2021 (10:55:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0597.v1

Fabrication of 3D Micro-Blades for the Cutting of Biological Structures in a Microfluidic Guillotine

Saisneha Koppaka, Kevin Zhang, Myra Kurosu Jalil, Lucas Blauch, Sindy Tang

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: 3D printing; microfabrication; microfluidic guillotine; single cell; wound healing

Online: 27 July 2021 (09:21:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0412.v1

Application of the Gadidae Fish Processing Waste for Food Grade Gelatin Production

Nikita Yu. Zarubin, Elena N. Kharenko, Olga V. Bredikhina, Leonid O. Arkhipov, Konstantin V. Zolotarev, Anton N. Mikhailov, Valeriya I. Nakhod, Marina V. Mikhailova

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: fish processing waste; Alaska pollock; Pacific cod; fish gelatin; gelling component.

Online: 19 July 2021 (13:14:52 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0255.v1

A Review on Mental Stress Assessment Methods Using EEG Signals

Rateb Katmah, Fares Al-Shargie, Usman Tariq, Fabio Babiloni, Fadwa Al-Mughairbi, Hasan Al-Nashash

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: mental stress; EEG; data analysis; connectivity network; machine Learning

Online: 12 July 2021 (12:06:13 CEST)

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Working Paper REVIEW

Opening Closed Loop Ecological Life Support Systems with In-Situ Resources on the Moon

Alex Ellery

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: Bioregenerative life support; closed ecological life support; in-situ resource utilization; lunar industrial ecology; 3D bioprinting; gene editing

Online: 28 June 2021 (15:23:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0553.v1

A Non-invasive Detection Technique of Adenocarcinoma with the Use of Streptavidin-Coated Iron Nanoparticles and Biotinylated-Antibodies and the Primary-Secondary Approach

Aditi Venkatraman

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: Iron-oxide nanoparticles, primary-secondary method, diagnostics of cancer, A549 cell line, transferrin protein receptors, adenocarcinoma, biotin-streptavidin, biotinylated antibodies

Online: 23 June 2021 (09:17:59 CEST)

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