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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1663.v1

Using a Combination of Novel Research Tools to Understand Social Interaction in the Drosophila melanogaster Model for Fragile X Syndrome

Maja STOJKOVIC, Milan PETROVIC, Maria CAPOVILLA, Sara MILOJEVIC, Vedrana Makevic, Dejan B. Budimirovic, Louise CORSCADDEN, Shuhan HE, Dragana Protic

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Biology And Life Sciences Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster model of fragile X syndrome; FMR1 gene; fragile X syndrome; social anxiety; social interaction; social network analysis

Online: 25 April 2024 (14:25:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1670.v1

Novel Chromogens for Immunohistochemistry in Spatial Biology

Bipin Gupta, George Yang, Marc Key

Subject: Cell And Developmental Biology, Biology And Life Sciences Keywords: Immunohistochemistry; chromogens; brightfield; spatial biology

Online: 25 April 2024 (14:23:11 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1662.v1

Genomic Tools for Medicinal Properties of Goats Milk for Cosmetic and Health Benefits. A Review

Keabetswe Tebogo Ncube, Mamokoma Cathrine Modiba, Takalani J Mpofu, Bohani Mtileni, Khathutshelo A Nephawe

Subject: Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology, Biology And Life Sciences Keywords: Goat milk; genomics; medicinal properties; eczema; psoriasis; bioactive compounds

Online: 25 April 2024 (14:21:44 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1661.v1

Research Progress on Helmet Liner Materials and Structural Applications

Xingyu Zhang, Bin Yang, Jinguo Wu, Xin Li, Ronghua Zhou

Subject: Bioengineering, Engineering Keywords: helmet liner; polystyrene; composite materials; additive manufacturing; biomimetic structure

Online: 25 April 2024 (14:20:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0285.v2

Non-Negative Decomposition of Multivariate Information: from Minimum to Blackwell Specific Information

Tobias Mages, Elli Anastasiadi, Christian Rohner

Subject: Probability And Statistics, Computer Science And Mathematics Keywords: partial information decomposition; redundancy; synergy; information flow analysis; f-information; ré; nyi-information

Online: 25 April 2024 (14:18:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1688.v1

Biodecolorization of Reactive Red 120 Azo Dye by Metal-Ion Tolerant Lysinibacilluscapsici PB300 (T) Bacteria Bacteria and its Application Potential in Textile Effluents Treatment

Kusum Lata, Rajat Pratap Singh, Balram Ambade, Ashish Kumar

Subject: Life Sciences, Biology And Life Sciences Keywords: RR120, dye degredation, biodegradation, bacterial consortia, metal-ion tolerant, immobilized cell

Online: 25 April 2024 (13:09:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1685.v1

Three-Dimensional Surface deformation of the 2022 Mw 6.6 Menyuan, China, Earthquake from InSAR and GF-7 Stereo Satellite Images

Nana Han, Xinjian Shan, Yingfeng Zhang, Jiaqing Wang, Han Chen, Guohong Zhang

Subject: Remote Sensing, Environmental And Earth Sciences Keywords: surface three-dimensional deformation; InSAR; optical pixel correlation; DEM difference; 2022 Menyuan earthquake

Online: 25 April 2024 (12:43:03 CEST)

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The coseismic surface three-dimensional deformation fields were significant for quantified the geometric and kinematic characteristics of earthquake rupture faults. Traditional geodetic techniques were constrained by their intrinsic limitations, such as InSAR, which could only extract far-field deformation fields due to its incoherence, and GNSS, which could only acquire deformations at discrete points. The recently developing optical pixel correlation technique based on high resolution remote sensing images could acquire the near-field coseismic horizontal deformation. In this study, the vertical displacement field of the 2022 Mw 6.6 Menyuan earthquake was obtained by differencing the pre- and post-earthquake DEMs from GaoFen-7 stereo satellite images. Further, the line-of-sight (LOS) and azimuthal (AZI) directions far-field deformations by InSAR, the horizontal near-field deformation by optical pixel correlation based on pre- and post-earthquake GF-2/7 images, and the vertical deformation by differencing the pre- and post-earthquake DEMs, were incorporated to comprehensively solve the complete three-dimensional deformation fields of the 2022 Mw 6.6 Menyuan earthquake. Firstly, the vertical displacement field by differencing DEMs indicated there were significant vertical displacements about 1 m at the bend region, which was induced by the local compressive stress. In addition, at the epicenter on the middle segment of ruptured Lenglongling fault (LLLF), the maximum lifting occurred on the southern sides of the main and secondary faults exceeded 2 m. Secondly, the three-dimensional deformation fields solved by multiple deformation data demonstrated that the near-field deformation field calculated by optical pixel correlation method could quantify the displacements distributed over the rupture fault zone, which were not available on the InSAR deformation maps. Finally, the surface 2D strain derived from the displacement maps calculated by optical pixel correlation revealed high strain concentration on the rupture fault zone. Our study focused on the complete surface three-dimensional deformation estimation from multiple far- and near-field deformation data, and provided a new perspective for a deeper understanding of the characteristics of coseismic surface deformation and the rupture pattern of the fault.

Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1683.v1

Research on the Effective Use of Energy-Saving Building Materials in Vietnam

Thi Song Le, Cao Chien LE, Jae Yoon Shin, Tae Gyun Yun, Sang Moon Lee, Trung Thanh Le, Thi Tam Nguyen

Subject: Environmental Science, Environmental And Earth Sciences Keywords: energy label; building materials; energy efficiency; labeling program; sustainable building

Online: 25 April 2024 (12:41:56 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1677.v1

Features of adaptive phase correction of optical wave distortions under conditions of intensity fluctuations

Vladimir Petrovich Lukin

Subject: Optics And Photonics, Physical Sciences Keywords: optical waves, turbulence, amplitude, phase, dislocations, measurement, correction

Online: 25 April 2024 (12:40:34 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1676.v1

Diagnostic Performance Of Ultrasonography In Biliary Atresia- A Test Accuracy Meta-analysis

Dev Desai, Hussein Al-azzawi, Hetvi Shah, Abhijay Shah, Raj Barot, Dwija Raval

Subject: Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: biliary atresia, USG, diagnosis, meta-analysis, Index test, Reference standard

Online: 25 April 2024 (12:03:06 CEST)

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Introduction: Biliary Atresia (BA) is a common cause of neonatal cholestatic jaundice which, if recognized and treated early, can be life-saving for the infant. If the liver biopsy suggests the presence of BA, exploratory laparotomy is then carried out to confirm the diagnosis, along with the Kasai procedure to provide drainage to the bile secreted by the liver. The purpose of this study is to get a deep dive into all the various imaging modalities that can diagnose BA more effectively and with absolute certitude, thus helping prevent several children from a grave prognosis.Methodology: For the collection of the data, a search was done by two individuals using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library databases for all relevant literature. Each qualifying paper was evaluated independently by two reviewers. Each article was analyzed for the number of patients, their age, procedure modality, complexity of ethology, and incidence of the pre-decided complications. The statistical software packages RevMan (Review Manager, version 5.3), SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 20), Google Sheets, and Excel in Stata 14 were used to perform the statistical analyses. The data was obtained and entered into analytic software.Results: A total of 39 studies with 3,679 subjects were selected for the study, out of which 7 studies showed sensitivity above or equal to 95%, and an astounding 14 studies showed specificity above 95%. The value of True Positive (TP) was 1280, that of True Negative (TN) was 1817, that of False Positive (FP) was 239, and that of False Negative (FN) was 343. With a confidence interval of 95%, sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values were calculated. The sensitivity of Ultrasonography for Biliary Atresia is 0.79, with a CI of 95% in a range of 0.77 to 0.81. The specificity of Ultrasonography for Biliary Atresia is 0.88, with a CI of 95% in a range of 0.87 to 0.90. Conclusion: Even though several radiological techniques at present help to detect BA, USG of the abdomen proves to be an effective diagnostic and a modest screening test for the detection of BA.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1681.v1

Effects of Rotating Rice with Upland Crops and Adding Organic Amendments, and of Related Soil Quality on Rice Yield in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta

Nguyen Van Qui, Le Van Khoa, Nguyen Minh Phuong, Duong Minh Vien, Tran Van Dung, Tran Ba Linh, Tran Huynh Khanh, Bui Trieu Thuong, Vo Thi Thu Tran, Nguyen Khoi Nghia, Tran Minh Tien, Emmanuel Abatih, Ann Verdoodt, Steven Sleutel, Wim Cornelis

Subject: Soil Science, Environmental And Earth Sciences Keywords: crop rotation; organic amendment; rice yield; soil quality index; Mekong delta

Online: 25 April 2024 (12:02:02 CEST)

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In the Vietnamese Mekong delta, soil quality and crop yield are steadily declining under rice monocultures with three crops per year. The objective of this study was to evaluate the medium-term effects of rotating rice with upland crops and adding organic amendments on rice yield and relate it to soil quality. A field trial with split-plot design including two factors and three replicates was carried out from 2017 to 2020, over the course of nine consecutive cropping seasons. Crop rotations and organic amendments were applied as main-plot and subplot factors, respectively. The rotations were: 1) rice–rice–rice (R–R–R), 2) soybean–rice–rice (So–R–R), and 3) sesame–rice–rice (Se–R–R), while organic amendment treatments included: i) no amendment (NO-AM); ii) compost of rice straw and cow manure (RS+CM), and iii) sugarcane compost (SGC); the composts were applied at a rate of 2.0 t ha-1. The rotation cycle started with the so-called spring–summer (SS), followed by summer–autumn (SA) and ended with the winter–spring (WS) season. Rice yield significantly (P < 0.05) increased by organic amendments after nine growing seasons (2019–2020 WS), with an increment of 5.1% for RS+CM (7.07 ton/ha) and 6.1% for SGC (7.14 ton/ha). Contrary to our expectation, rotations with upland crops did not significantly increase rice yield. Rice yield significantly and positively correlated with an integrated soil quality index SQI (r = 0.86) for the topsoil (0–15 cm), but not for the subsoil (15–30 cm). The increased availability of soil nutrients (Si and marginally also P) and improved soil physical properties probably induced by organic amendments, along with other soil properties under study, cumulatively attributed to enhanced rice yield. Use of a SQI involving several soil quality indicators enables to overall quantify the importance of soil fertility for rice yield versus other factors and it provides an effective means of quantifying the integrated effect of improved management. Moreover, integrating a wide range of soil quality indicators in a SQI ensures its applicability across diverse settings, including different crop rotations and various soil types.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1668.v1

Croatian Action on Salt and Health (CRASH): On the Road to Success. Less Salt, More Health

Bojan Jelaković, Mihaela Marinović Glavić, Marija Batinić Sermek, Lovorka Bilajac, Marija Bubaš, Vlatka Buzjak Služek, Krunoslav Capak, Ines Drenjančević, Andrea Gross Bošković, Ana Jelaković, Tomislav Jukić, Sanja Kolarić Kravar, Verica Kralj, Ivan Pećin, Lea Pollak, Dunja Skoko-Poljak, Danijela Stražanac, Ana Stupin, Vanja Vasiljev, Valentina Vidranski, Željko Reiner

Subject: Public Health And Health Services, Public Health And Healthcare Keywords: salt; sodium; potassium; iodine; epidemiology; public health; blood pressure; hypertension; cardiovascular mortality; non-communicable diseases

Online: 25 April 2024 (11:28:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0051.v66

Duality Principles and Numerical Procedures for a Large Class of Non-convex Models in the Calculus of Variations

Fabio Silva Botelho

Subject: Applied Mathematics, Computer Science And Mathematics Keywords: duality theory; non-convex analysis; numerical method for a non-smooth model

Online: 25 April 2024 (11:26:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1666.v1

Energy Storage Improves Power Plant Flexibility and Economic Performance

Nenad Sarunac, Javad Khalesi, Mahfuja A Khuda, Rick Mancini, Pramod Kulkarni, Joel Berger

Subject: Energy And Fuel Technology, Engineering Keywords: power plant flexibility; energy storage; charging; discharging

Online: 25 April 2024 (11:21:23 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1667.v1

Machine Learning Applications in Predicting Bond Market Trends: Explore How Machine Learning Algorithms Can Be Used to Predict Movements in the Fixed Bond Market

Dharika Kapil, Kannan Yamini

Subject: Finance, Business, Economics And Management Keywords: Machine Learning (ML); Bond Market Analysis; FinTech; Supervised Learning; Unsupervised Learning; Neural Networks; Deep Learning; Time Series Analysis; Bond Market Forecasting; Risk Management in Finance; Algorithmic Trading; Data Preprocessing in Finance; Model Overfitting

Online: 25 April 2024 (11:20:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1641.v1

ACTION-FRANCE: Insights into Perceptions, Attitudes, and Barriers to Obesity Management in France

Laurence Salle, Olivier Foulatier, Muriel Coupaye, Vincent Frering, Alina Constantin, Anne-Sophie Joly, Ben Braithwaite, Fella Gharbi, Lysiane Jubin

Subject: Endocrinology And Metabolism, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: obesity management; perception of obesity; physician-patient interaction; obesity treatment

Online: 25 April 2024 (11:15:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1647.v1

Quality of Life and Respiratory Performance in the Laryngectomized Patient. Role of the Hme Filters during Physical Activity

Massimo Mesolella, Salvatore Allosso, Giuseppe Quaremba, Veronica Errante, Roberto D’Aniello, Giovanni Motta*, Gaetano Motta, Grazia Salerno

Subject: Oncology And Oncogenics, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Laryngeal cancer; Total Laryngectomy; Rehabilitations; Sport; HME filter; 6MWT

Online: 25 April 2024 (11:15:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1649.v1

Size Effects in Polycarbonate and TPU 3D-Printed via Fused Filament Fabrication

Charul Chadha, Gabriel Olaivar, Mahmoud A. Mahrous, Iwona Jasiuk, Albert E. Patterson

Subject: Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Keywords: Thermoplastics; additive manufacturing; fused filament fabrication; Size effects; Design for additive manufacturing; architected materials

Online: 25 April 2024 (11:15:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0701.v2

The Impact of Soil and Water Conservation Measures on Base Flow Modification in the Northeastern Highland of Ethiopia

Mohammed Seid Muhidin, Mekonen Ayana, Zelalem Birru Gonfa, Tena Alamerew, Gizaw Desta Gessesse

Subject: Water Science And Technology, Environmental And Earth Sciences Keywords: Soil and water conservation; micro-catchments; base flow

Online: 25 April 2024 (11:15:31 CEST)

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Abstract: Severe land degradation is the principal environmental problem in Ethiopian highlands in the form of soil erosion, and soil fertility loss, which is caused by human intervention for food, shelter, and energy demands. Soil erosion contributes to the loss of precious soil and water resources which are the basis of agricultural production and provide numerous other eco-system services. The Ethiopian highlands are one of the most degraded regions in the world. To combat such problems, the government of Ethiopia has been implementing massive soil and water conservation works at the watershed scale since 2010 to conserve soil and water resources. Mount Yewel is one of the highlands in Northeastern Ethiopia where intensive soil and water conserva-tion has been implemented. Despite the massive investment in soil and water conservation measures, most of the rivers in the highlands of Ethiopia carry huge amounts of sediment with high flood risks in the wet season and streams are dried up in the dry period. Nonetheless, the impact of soil and water conservation measures on flood reduction and dry season flow en-hancement has not yet been quantified and evaluated. This research was then conducted on paired micro-catchments of Mount Yewel with the main objective of evaluating the impact of soil and water conservation measures on base flow modification. Stream flow and rainfall data were col-lected from 22/11/2020 to 8/11/2022 on paired micro-catchments of Mount Yewel at their outlets and centers respectively. Base flow separation was done from the stream hydrograph using Sp. Hydro base flow separation tool and SPSS Ver.21 statistical software were employed for data analysis. Flow duration curves (FDC) for both watersheds were developed to compare the stream flow patterns between treated and untreated micro-catchments of Mount Yewel. The FDC indi-cated that the base flow from treated micro-catchment is higher and sustained in the dry season while it is low and unsustained in untreated micro-catchment. From statistical analysis, there is a significant (P

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1669.v1

Ground Strength Test Technique of Variable Camber Wing Leading Edge

ShanShan Li, XianMin Chen, ZhiGang Wang, YuanBo Liang

Subject: Applied Physics, Physical Sciences Keywords: variable camber wing; leading edge; motor function; strength test; cooperative loading; morphological reconstruction

Online: 25 April 2024 (10:59:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1220.v2

Hydrogen Gas Compression for Efficient Storage: Balancing Energy and Density

Alessandro Franco, Caterina Giovannini

Subject: Energy And Fuel Technology, Engineering Keywords: Hydrogen storage; Gaseous Compression; Multi-Stage Configuration; Energy analysis; Efficiency

Online: 25 April 2024 (10:39:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1665.v1

Effects of Different Organic Materials on the Remediation and Improvement of Secondary Salinized Greenhouse Soil

Zhimei Ma, Naling Bai, Weiguang Lv, Yu Huang, Xiao Ma, Xianqing Zheng, Shuangxi Li, Juanqin Zhang, Haiyun Zhang, Yue Zhang, Feng Zhong, Hanlin Zhang

Subject: Agricultural Science And Agronomy, Biology And Life Sciences Keywords: secondary salinized soil; organic materials; salt ions; soil nutrients; random forest model; multi-linear regression model

Online: 25 April 2024 (10:38:02 CEST)

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Soil secondary salinization has seriously affected the greenhouse vegetable production in China. To improve the secondary salinization greenhouse soil and enhance the soil physical-chemical properties in an eco-environmental way, different organic amendments (straw, straw biochar, Trichoderma bio-organic manure, commercial organic manure) were applied using pot experiment for 60 day to comprehensively screen the optimal remediation method. In this study, soil nutrient condition and salt movement were assessed, and predictive models using multi-linear regression (MLR) and Random Forest (RF) were developed to estimate soil salinization parameters. The findings indicated a significant decrease in soil salt content following the application of organic materials compared to the control treatment. Specifically, the addition of straw at a rate of 250g/kg resulted in a 59.38% reduction in soil salt levels after 60 days (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the main salt ions exhibited dynamic changes over the course of the experiment, with reductions observed in Na+, Ca2+, Cl-, and NO3- content under the 250 g/kg straw treatment by 83.63%, 74.67%, 63.26%, 59.07%, respectively, compared to CK (P < 0.05). In addition, the SO42- content under 125 g/kg commercial organic manure amendment reduced by 48.94%, respectively (P < 0.05). Contrary to expectations, the addition of organic materials significantly increased the levels of total nutrients (N/P/K) and available potassium (AK) and phosphorus (AP) in the soil. Specifically, the addition of straw at a rate of 250 g/kg resulted in increases of 18.02%-87.38% in total potassium (TK), 66.67%-200% in total phosphorus (TP), and 142.87%-367.8% in AK after a period of sixty days (P < 0.05). Ultimately, the treatment involving the addition of 250 g/kg of straw demonstrated the most pronounced impact on the physical and chemical properties of the soil. The random forest method shows promise in accurately predicting soil salt and soil sodium adsorption ratio (SAR)indicators, thereby providing a valuable tool for estimating soil properties.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1664.v1

Dissolving the Self, Embracing the Earth: A Philosophical Exploration of Psychedelics, Self-Transcendence, and Environmental Connection

Muzamil Hussain

Subject: Psychology, Social Sciences Keywords: Psychedelics; Ego Dissolution; Self-Transcendence; Interconnectedness; Deep Ecology; Environmental Philosophy; Consciousness Studies

Online: 25 April 2024 (10:34:55 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1660.v1

Antidiabetic Effect of Raru (Vatica perakensis) Bark Extract and Mocaf Activated Carbon in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Gunawan Pasaribu, Novitri Hastuti, Saptadi Darmawan, Gustan Pari, Lisna Efiyanti, Totok Waluyo, Mody Lempang, Yelin Adalina

Subject: Pharmacology And Toxicology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: antidiabetic, extract, in-vivo, MAC, raru ; ;

Online: 25 April 2024 (10:17:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1627.v1

Optimization of Agricultural Land Use Pattern and Crop Combination in Beed District of Maharashtra State in India

HUKUMRAJ LAXMANRAO KHARBIKAR, Ravindra Kashinath Naitam, Radhika Uday K, Mahendra Singh Raghuvanshi, Nitin Gorakh Patil

Subject: Environmental Science, Environmental And Earth Sciences Keywords: Agriculture; Beed; crop combination; land use pattern

Online: 25 April 2024 (10:17:05 CEST)

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Present study on land use land cover analysis and taluka wise combination of cropped area, carried out in Beed district of Maharashtra state in India and studied 11 talukas of the district. Secondary data on land use land cover and area in various crops has been collected, compiled and analyzed from various secondary sources. Simple descriptive statistics used to examine the agricultural land use land cover and J.C. Weaver’s crop combination technique was used for taluka wise analysis of crop combinations and on the basis of highest to smallest area engaged in particular crop, crops have been ranked. The study showed that, in the district as a whole, percentage of uncultivated land other than fallow was about 46 percent as compare to net sown area is only 35 percent in total geographical area (1063855ha) of Beed district. The study further revealed that about 42 percent area engaged in food crops and about 58 percent area occupied by nonfood crops, which includes cereals (25%), cotton (19%), pulses (13%), oilseed (12%), sugarcane (5%) and fruits and vegetables (3%). Results of Weaver’s crop combination technique showed that the Wadwani taluka demarcated as most diversified taluka by means of maximum number (sixteen) of crops combinations with the lowest variance value (14) found in the present investigation. Further, the study revealed that the high crop diversity found in Dharur taluka with eighteen crop combinations and the taluka has given first rank amongst others. To derive the crop diversity ranking, taluka wise maximum to minimum number of crop combinations derived in different talukas and given ranks accordingly. The study concluded that, agricultural land use analysis is essential for solving and optimizing the land use problem, maintaining socio-ecological balance, best utilization of scarce resources. The authors enlightened that the rational use of agricultural land has important for food security and biodiversity which increase the productivity and profitability of the agriculture sector and it indicates the decision making ability of farmers in study area.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1659.v1

Recovery of Rare Earth Elements (REEs) from Different Sources of E-waste and Their Potential Applications: A Critical Review

Ajaya Bhattarai, Ramesh L Gardas, Shiv Narayan Yadav, Sujit Kumar Chatterjee, Rohit Kumar Dev

Subject: Metals, Alloys And Metallurgy, Chemistry And Materials Science Keywords: Bioleaching, Clean Technologies, Ionic liquids, Lanthanide series, RREs, Vitamins.

Online: 25 April 2024 (10:16:25 CEST)

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To be used in cutting-edge green and other technologies, rare earth elements (REEs) are in great demand. Rare earth elements (REEs) include the following elements: La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu; additionally, they include Sc. Computers, laptops, TVs, generators, DVD players, cell phones, refrigerators, and other electronic equipment that are usually thrown away by their original owners because of their limited lifespan are examples of outdated or end-of-life electronics that make up e-waste. At the moment, these metals are essential to many contemporary devices, from LED light bulbs and wind turbines to cell phones and televisions. The development of new, cutting-edge technologies, especially in the field of electronics, depends on the availability of rare earth elements (REEs), sometimes referred to as the "vitamins" of modern industry. Since e-waste frequently has high concentrations of rare earth elements and is handled in hazardous ways, e-waste may be a significant contributor to the contamination of rare earth elements. Apart from their detrimental effects on the environment, these wastes also result in the loss of precious materials and rare earth elements such as gold, silver, copper, platinum, palladium, and rare earth, among other things. Every year, 50 million tonnes of e-waste are created globally. An enormous amount of e-waste is wasted since only 20% of it is handled correctly worldwide. There have been numerous reports on the recovery and separation of rare earth elements (REEs) from e-waste using various techniques, such as the hydrometallurgical process, siderophores, pyrometallurgical process, bioleaching, and biosorption. According to reports, the demand for rare earth elements (REEs) from clean technologies is expected to reach 51.9 thousand metric tons (kt) of REO in 2030. Nd and Dy, on the other hand, make up 75% and 9% of the world's REE deposits, respectively. REE levels in aquatic settings are rising, particularly in urban areas, in tandem with the growing demand for high-tech applications. Urban wastewater from open sewers and the entrance of a wastewater treatment facility in Cotonou, Benin, was collected, and its rare earth element (REE) contamination was evaluated.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1658.v1

Congenital Rubella Syndrome Burden is Unlikely to Increase with Introduction of Rubella Containing Vaccine

Kurt Frey

Subject: Public Health And Health Services, Public Health And Healthcare Keywords: rubella; congenital rubella syndrome; vaccine introduction; agent-based model

Online: 25 April 2024 (10:15:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1653.v1

The Evolution and Impact of Glacier Avalanches in Tibet Based on the Sentinel-2 Time-Series Images

Duo Chu, Drolma Lhakpa, Yong Nie, Zhaojun Zheng

Subject: Remote Sensing, Environmental And Earth Sciences Keywords: Glacier avalanche; Cryospheric hazard; Sentinel-2; Field investigation; Tibet

Online: 25 April 2024 (10:15:06 CEST)

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Catastrophic mass flows originating from the high mountain cryosphere often cause hazard cascades. With increasing human activities in the alpine region and the sensitivity of glaciers, snow and permafrost to climate warming, the cryospheric hazard risks tend to be more active in the Tibetan Plateau(TP). The remoteness and inaccessibility of high mountain regions make the remote sensing technology the most effective approach for monitoring and investigating the cryospheric hazards. Exploring the evolution process and impact of ice avalanches and subsequent hazards are crucial to understand drivers and nature of mass flow process chain in order to prevent and mitigate potential hazard consequences. In this study, the glacier and ice-rock avalanches occurred in Arutso and Sedongpu basins in Tibet were investigated on the basis of Sentinel-2 time-series images and in-situ investigation, the evolution process of these events were reconstructed, and impacts and driving factors were analyzed. The massive Chamoli rock-ice avalanche occurred in February 2021 in the western Himalayas was also reviewed using using same methods. The study shows that Arutso glacier No. 53 (Arutso-53) avalanche completely melted away in July 2018 after two years from occurrence to final disappearance, while Arutso glacier No. 50 (Arutso-50) avalanche completely melted by the end of August 2023 after lasting for seven years. Four large-scale ice-rock avalanche and debris flow events in the Sedongpu basin in 2017 and 2018 not only had significant impacts on the river flow, landscape and geomorphologic shape in the basin, but also caused serious disasters in the basin and downstream. In March 2021, a small-scale ice-rock avalanche and debris flow event occurred again in the Sedongpu basin. The glacier and ice-rock avalanches occurred in Tibet area were mainly induced by climate warming, heavy precipitation and seismic activity, which acting on specific topographic and geomorphic structure of glacier properties in the high mountain regions. Catastrophic hazard events originating from the high-elevation glacier and ice-rock collapses in the mountain cryosphere and subsequent hazard cascades in the TP and Himalayas highlight the importance of mountain hazard monitoring, early warning systems and sustainable mountain development.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1657.v1

Supplemental psyllium fiber increases antimicrobial proteins via the tuft cell-ILC2 circuit and type II immune response in the mouse small intestine

Yoshiki Ishii, Taiyo Matsunaga, Tomoki Yasui, Dina Mustika Rini, Ryo Inoue, Yoshinari Yamamoto, Takuya Suzuki

Subject: Food Science And Technology, Biology And Life Sciences Keywords: Antimicrobial protein; Intestinal microbiota; Mice; Psyllium fiber; Type II immunity; Tuft cells

Online: 25 April 2024 (10:13:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1654.v1

VIMPS: Physics-Based Spatiotemporal Indicator for Proactive Humping Detection in Metal Additive Manufacturing

Mohamed Abubakr Hassan, Mahmoud Hassan, Chi-Guhn Lee, Ahmad Sadek

Subject: Industrial And Manufacturing Engineering, Engineering Keywords: monitoring; additive manufacturing; direct energy deposition; proactive; solidification front; spatiotemporal

Online: 25 April 2024 (10:11:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1648.v1

Ixodes scapularis Calreticulin Binds Complement Proteins but Does Not Protect Borrelia burgdorferi from Complement Killing

Moiz Ashraf Ansari, Thu-Thuy Nguyen, Klaudia Izabela Kocurek, Tae Heung Kim, Kim Kwon Tae-kwon, Albert Mulenga

Subject: Parasitology, Biology And Life Sciences Keywords: Ixodes scapularis; complement cascade; tick calreticulin; Borrelia burgdorferi

Online: 25 April 2024 (10:05:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1645.v1

Aluminum-Based Plasmonic Photodetector for Sensing Applications

Yurii Lyaschuk, Ivan Indutnyi, Viktor Myn’ko, Volodymyr Romanyuk, Iryna Mamontova, Roman Redko, Mykhailo Dusheyko, Yelizaveta Savchuk, Vasyl Tochkovyi, Oleksandr Shtykalо, Daria Kuznetsova, Sergii Mamykin

Subject: Applied Physics, Physical Sciences Keywords: plasmon-polariton photodetectors; surface plasmon resonance; diffraction gratings; optochemical sensors

Online: 25 April 2024 (09:52:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1638.v1

Health Prompts Affect Consideration of Health but Not Intertemporal Preferences While Promoting Healthier Food Choices

Olivier Tuyizere, Christopher R. Gustafson, Devin J. Rose

Subject: Behavior Sciences, Social Sciences Keywords: point-of-decision prompt; active health consideration; health promotion; intertemporal preferences; nutrition; food choice

Online: 25 April 2024 (09:23:56 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1656.v1

Trends in the Learning Sciences From 2005 to 2021

Tolulope Famaye, Ibrahim Adisa

Subject: Education, Social Sciences Keywords: Learning Sciences, Trends, Design-based research, Participatory design

Online: 25 April 2024 (09:14:36 CEST)

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This research paper presents our investigation of the evolving trends in the field of Learning Sciences (LS) from 2005 to 2021. LS is a multidisciplinary field that integrates various scientific disciplines to study and support learning in real-world contexts (Hoadley, 2018). Our paper aims to understand how LS practices, methods, and disciplines of interest have changed over time, considering factors like the COVID-19 pandemic and the call for more equity-based research. We collected data from the International Society of Learning Sciences (ISLS) repository, which serves as one major platform that showcases LS research. We analysed the proceedings of the ISLS annual meetings and conferences, focusing on variables such as title, abstract, issue date, publisher, and collection using web scraping tools and the RStudio software for data collection and analysis. Our findings indicate several trends in LS research. In terms of methods and practices, design-based research (DBR) and participatory methods were commonly used in LS studies. However, there was a decline in the adoption of DBR in 2021, possibly due to the limitations imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Project-based learning, embodied interaction, and game-based learning were the most frequently used techniques among LS researchers. When examining the population of interest and domain focus in LS research. Learners were the primary focus, with a significant increase in the number of studies focusing on students over the years. However, there was also a noticeable increase in studies focusing on teachers in more recent years. In terms of subject disciplines, science and mathematics were the primary areas of focus, but there has been increasing attention to the arts and technology in recent years. Concerning equity-based research in LS, the finding revealed a significant increase in this area from 2005 to 2021, with ICLS studies tending to focus more on equity compared to CSCL studies. These findings contribute to understanding the current status and future development of the learning sciences.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1630.v1

Electronic Aid for Unfamiliar Environments

Akbar Ali, Rongyi Qian, Haroon Akbar, Zeeshan Sartaj

Subject: Other, Physical Sciences Keywords: Obstacle Detection; Assistive Technology; Mobility Aid; Independent Navigation; Sensor Integration; Arduino UNO; Ultrasonic sensor

Online: 25 April 2024 (09:06:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1632.v1

Development of Vacuum Plasma Strengthening Hard and Ultra Hard 3D Avinit Coatings

Alexey Sagalovych, Vladislav Sagalovych, Stanislav Dudnik, Viktor Popov

Subject: Industrial And Manufacturing Engineering, Engineering Keywords: Avinit vacuum-plasma multicomponent hard and ultra-hard wear-resistant coatings; tribological characteristics; tool

Online: 25 April 2024 (09:04:13 CEST)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1631.v1

Encapsulated Bacteria with a Light-Repressed Deadman Switch for Liver Gene Delivery

Michael Renteln

Subject: Biology And Biotechnology, Biology And Life Sciences Keywords: encapsulation; adeno-associated virus (AAV); light-activated allosteric protein switch; Deadman switch; T4 bacteriophage gene delivery vector; facultative intracellular bacteria

Online: 25 April 2024 (09:00:58 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1642.v1

Artificial Intelligence in Pediatric Emergency Medicine: Applications, Challenges, and Future Perspectives

Lorenzo Di Sarno, Anya Caroselli, Giovanna Tonin, Benedetta Graglia, Valeria Pansini, Francesco Andrea Causio, Antonio Gatto, Antonio Chiaretti

Subject: Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: artificial intelligence; machine learning; pediatrics; deep learning; pediatric emergency medicine

Online: 25 April 2024 (09:00:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1640.v1

Assessing Judgment Bias in Ambassador Animals: Two Case Studies

Jordyn Truax, Jennifer Vonk

Subject: Psychology, Social Sciences Keywords: red tegu; domestic chicken; visitor interactions; pessimism; optimism

Online: 25 April 2024 (08:56:18 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1639.v1

Herbal Cannabis and Depression: A Review of Findings Published over the Last Three Years

Jozsef Haller

Subject: Psychiatry And Mental Health, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: herbal cannabis; depression; pharmacological plausibility

Online: 25 April 2024 (08:51:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1646.v1

Predicting Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: A Single-Center Prospective Cohort Study

Khrystyna Duve, Pavlo Petakh, Valentyn Oksenych, Oleksandr Kamyshnyi

Subject: Neuroscience And Neurology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: chronic traumatic encephalopathy; traumatic brain injury; cognitive impairment; logistic regression

Online: 25 April 2024 (08:45:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1558.v1

Serum Calcium Levels Approaching the Upper Limit of Normal Can Predict Prostate Cancer Relapse to the Bone and Beyond in Patients Managed with Radiotherapy: Mature Data at 10 Years

Zsolt Fekete, Patricia Ignat, Henrietta Jakab, Nicolae Todor, István Péter László, Alina-Simona Muntean, Sebastian Curcean, Adina Nemeș, Dumitrița Nuțu, Gabriel Kacsó

Subject: Oncology And Oncogenics, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: serum calcium; prostate cancer; follow-up; tumor markers; early intervention; prognostic factors; predictive factors; metastases

Online: 25 April 2024 (08:39:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1629.v1

Burr Hole Craniostomy Versus Craniotomy for Chronic Subdural Hematoma – A Multicenter Study

Nenad Koruga, Djula Djilvesi, Anamarija Soldo Koruga, Vjekoslav Kopačin, Tatjana Rotim, Tajana Turk, Slavko Čičak, Josip Kocur, Marija Perić, Tomislav Ištvanić, Vedran Farkaš, Sonja Škiljić, Alen Rončević

Subject: Neuroscience And Neurology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Burr hole craniostomy; Craniotomy; Chronic subdural Hematoma; Multicenter study

Online: 25 April 2024 (08:38:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1652.v1

Powering the Future: An Integrated Framework for Clean Renewable Energy Transition

Hanan Wehbi

Subject: Sustainable Science And Technology, Environmental And Earth Sciences Keywords: ; energy transition; Clean renewable energy communities; metrics; sustainable land use; energy planning; sustainability; resilience ;

Online: 25 April 2024 (08:36:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1586.v1

Impact of Land Use Change on Herpetofauna Community Composition in Ankeniheny-Zahamena Corridor (CAZ), Eastern Madagascar

Raphali Andriantsimanarilafy, Alain Rakotondrina, Christian Randrianantoandro, Josué Rakotoarisoa

Subject: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics, Biology And Life Sciences Keywords: Amphibians; CAZ; land use; Reptiles; species richness; Madagascar

Online: 25 April 2024 (02:39:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1568.v1

Understanding the Influences of Multiscale Waviness on the Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Performance, Part II: The Partial-Film Condition

Yuechang Wang, Ying Liu

Subject: Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Keywords: thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication; partial film; multiscale waviness

Online: 25 April 2024 (02:38:43 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1587.v1

Effect of Substrate Temperature on Weld Track Geometry in Directed Energy Deposition: A Comprehensive Investigation and Regression Modeling of processing 316L

Stefan Gnaase, Artur Walter, Robin Rohling, Thoas Tröster

Subject: Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Keywords: additive manufacturing; direct energy deposition; laser metal deposition; DED; LMD; 316L; 1.4404

Online: 25 April 2024 (02:35:50 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1575.v1

Sustainable Development and Transformative Change of Tibet in China from 1951 to 2021

Ruoxin Yan, Ruishan Chen

Subject: Sustainable Science And Technology, Environmental And Earth Sciences Keywords: Development; assistance; inequality; urban-rural gap; Tibet

Online: 25 April 2024 (02:32:36 CEST)

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Preprint ESSAY | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1581.v1

Development and Experimental Study of an Experimental Setup for Online Vibrating Tube Liquid Densitometer

De fu Xu, Yao ning Sun, Wen lin Chen, Jun Mu, Peng Wang

Subject: Other, Engineering Keywords: online vibrating tube liquid densitometer; theoretical analysis; experimental setup; temperature; pressure

Online: 25 April 2024 (02:26:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0268.v2

Performance of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems under Hyperbaric Conditions an Exploratory Study to Increase Diabetic Divers’ Safety

Philipp Herold, Daniel Weh

Subject: Endocrinology And Metabolism, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Blood sugar level; Diabetes; Safety; Scuba diving

Online: 24 April 2024 (20:21:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1637.v1

Hierarchical Porosity and Surface Oxygenation of Carbon-Based Cathodes Enhances Discharge Capacity and Decreases Discharge Overpotential of Potassium-Oxygen Batteries

Shikha Singh, Jannis Küpper, Ahed Abouserie, Gianluca Dalfollo, Michael Noyong, Ulrich Simon

Subject: Electrochemistry, Chemistry And Materials Science Keywords: Carbon paper; thermal pretreatment; defects; oxygen functional groups; discharge capacity

Online: 24 April 2024 (20:20:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1636.v1

A 2-Year Randomized Clinical Trial of Three Bonding Techniques in Non-carious Cervical Lesions

Eftychia Pappa, Grigoria Gkavela, Ioanna Sampri, Konstantinos Masouras, Christos Rahiotis, Afrodite Kakaboura

Subject: Dentistry And Oral Surgery, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: self-etch; total-etch; selective enamel etching; retention; caries; marginal adaptation; marginal staining; non-caries cervical lesions

Online: 24 April 2024 (17:54:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1634.v1

Simulating AGVs in a modern production environment using Petri Nets and GPenSIM

Marius Gade, Matthias Schedel, Reggie Davidrajuh

Subject: Industrial And Manufacturing Engineering, Engineering Keywords: Automated Guided Vehicles; Toy Car Assembly; Petri Nets; GPenSIM; Modeling and Simulation; AGV battery life; AGV charging infrastructure

Online: 24 April 2024 (17:33:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1613.v1

The Impact of Migraine on the Thickness of the Inner Plexiform Layer Quantifying by Optical Coherence Tomography

Anamarija Soldo Koruga, Tatjana Pekmezović, Nenad Koruga, Alen Rončević, Slaven Balog, Antonio Kokot, Davor Jančuljak, Silva Butković Soldo

Subject: Neuroscience And Neurology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: case-control studies, migraine with aura, migraine without aura, optical coherence tomography, retina

Online: 24 April 2024 (17:32:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1633.v1

Dynamic Convergence: Exploring AI's Impact on Social Science in Malaysia

FATIN IZZATY SYAMIMI SHASTRIE

Subject: Sociology, Social Sciences Keywords: Human; System; Modernity; Transformations; Digital

Online: 24 April 2024 (16:40:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1628.v1

Exploring Intrinsic Disorder in Human Synucleins and Associated Proteins

Sriya Reddy Venati, Vladimir N. Uversky

Subject: Life Sciences, Biology And Life Sciences Keywords: α-synuclein; β-synuclein; γ-synuclein; intrinsically disordered protein; liquid-liquid phase separation; Parkinson’s disease; protein-protein interactions

Online: 24 April 2024 (15:35:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1626.v1

Photodegradation of a Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic Azithromycin Using H2O2 under UV Irradiation

Nasser Ibrahim Zouli

Subject: Environmental Science, Environmental And Earth Sciences Keywords: azithromycin; UV irradiation; H2O2; photodegradation; Zero order kinetics

Online: 24 April 2024 (15:34:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1621.v1

Implementation of an LSTM Neural Network-based Algorithm for Dynamic Obstacle Avoidance

Esmeralda Mulás-Tejeda, Alfonso Gómez-Espinosa, Jesús Arturo Escobedo Cabello, Jose Antonio Cantoral-Ceballos, Alejandra Molina-Leal

Subject: Electrical And Electronic Engineering, Engineering Keywords: Mobile robot; obstacle avoidance; dynamic environment; neural networks; artificial intelligence.

Online: 24 April 2024 (15:32:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1625.v1

Triple Negative Breast Cancer Subclassified by Immunohistochemistry: Correlation with Clinical and Pathological Outcomes in Patients Receiving Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

Bruno de Paula, Susanne Crocamo, Carlos Sousa, Priscila Valverde Fernandes, Fabiana Rezende, Eliana Abdelhay

Subject: Oncology And Oncogenics, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: triple negative breast cancer; immunohistochemistry; neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Online: 24 April 2024 (15:29:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.2119.v2

Ocular Neuromodulation as a Novel Treatment for Retinitis Pigmentosa: Identifying Rod Responders and Predictors of Visual Improvement

Ismail Mohammed Musallam

Subject: Neuroscience And Neurology, Biology And Life Sciences Keywords: Retinitis pimentosa; Ocular neuromodulation; Ophthalmic nerve stimulation; Ascorbic acid; Rod responders; Substance P; Night blindness

Online: 24 April 2024 (15:25:40 CEST)

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Starvation of photoreceptors induced by reduced dysregulated ocular blood flow is proposed as a common pathway for the pathogenesis of retinitis pigmentosa (RP). The current study evaluated the safety and efficacy of ophthalmic nerve stimulation (ONS) as an ocular blood flow neuromodulator, combined with ascorbic acid (AA) as a potent anti-oxidant in the treatment of RP. Additionally, the initial characteristics of rod responders were identified. Forty participants with simple, non-syndromic RP presented with a characteristic triad of RP (the bone spicule pigmentation, attenuation of retinal blood vessels, and waxy optic disc pallor), were en-rolled in a prospective open-label single-armed interventional study. The severity of the disease was clinically graded into six stages. Patients with an established diagnosis of RP; aged ≥ 4 years, with best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ≥ 20/400 were included. All participants were daily treated with bilateral ONS sessions combined with intravenous administration of AA for two weeks. The primary efficiency endpoint was 6 months’ changes in scotopic vision as measured by a 10-item, 100-point, Low Luminance Questionnaire-10 (LLQ-10). The secondary efficiency points included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and contrast sensitivity. Rod responders were defined by ≥ 25 points increment of LLQ-10 score at 6 months after treatment. The results showed that ONS combined with AA treatment significantly improved low luminance vision, BCVA, and contrast sensitivity in patients with RP (p≤ 0.05). At 6-month visit, twenty-four (60%) patients were identified as rod responders and 16 (40%) patients were rod-non-responders. The mean change in LLQ-10 score was (46.35 ±16.81) in rod responders versus (4.9 ± 7.6) in non-responders (p < 0.0001). A clinically significant improvement of BCVA (≥0.2 logMAR) and contrast sensitivity (≥0.3 log unit) were demonstrated in 50% of the right eyes of rod responders. No serious adverse effects were reported and headache in 5 patients (12.5%) was the only en-countered side effect in this study. In conclusion, ocular neuromodulation is a safe therapeutic strategy for RP. It significantly improved night vision, BCVA, and contrast sensitivity. Determinants of rod responders include a shorter duration of night blindness, an earlier stage of the disease, and a relatively thicker ganglion cell layer at baseline. Additionally, two therapeutic scenarios were recognized; an early disease-modifying intervention that restores night vision and reverses the disease process and a late cone rescue intervention that improves/maintains central vision.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0357.v3

The Path to Data Protection Governance in China Mainland

Bing Chen, Yongji Liu

Subject: Law, Social Sciences Keywords: data protection; personal privacy; cybersecurity; data security

Online: 24 April 2024 (14:20:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1608.v1

Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders in Transplant Waitlist, VAD, and Heart Transplant Patients: A TriNetX Database Analysis

Chloe Grzyb, Dongping Du, Balakrishnan Mahesh, Nandini Nair

Subject: Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: substance use; cardiac transplant; VAD; mental health

Online: 24 April 2024 (14:14:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1611.v1

Recurrent Incisional Hernia; Cases Operated with the Use of the Existing Integrated Prosthesis

Daniel Ioan Mihalache, Niculae Iordache, Marius Florin Dragoescu

Subject: Clinical Medicine, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: incisional hernia, recurrent eventration, existing prosthesis, selection criteria

Online: 24 April 2024 (14:13:08 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1453.v2

The G-Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor Selective Agonist G-1 Attenuates Cell Viability and Migration in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines

Donia Hanafi, Rob U Onyenwoke, K Sean Kimbro

Subject: Biochemistry And Molecular Biology, Biology And Life Sciences Keywords: GPER receptor; Therapeutic; Fallopian Tubes; Ovarian Cancer

Online: 24 April 2024 (14:11:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1607.v1

Mechanism of Surface Hydroxylation Acceleration and Laser-Induced Damage Threshold Reduction during Ion Beam Sputtering of Fused Silica

Mingjin Xu, Weibin Wu, Yongsheng Ke, Xiaohong Liu, Yaoyu Zhong, Xiaopeng Gao

Subject: Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Keywords: ion beam sputtering; laser damage; hydroxyl groups; surface hydroxylation; chemical structure defect

Online: 24 April 2024 (14:10:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1606.v1

A Primer on Dominance Analysis

Felix Bittmann

Subject: Probability And Statistics, Computer Science And Mathematics Keywords: dominance analysis; regression; variance decomposition

Online: 24 April 2024 (14:06:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1624.v1

Using Cooking Schools to Improve the Pleasure of Food and Cooking in Patients Experiencing Smell Loss

Alexander Wieck Fjaeldstad

Subject: Otolaryngology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Olfaction; Rehabilitation; Anosmia; Hyposmia

Online: 24 April 2024 (12:09:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1623.v1

Effects of Water Quality on Diversity of Freshwater Green Microalgae in Semiurban Areas

Chitralekha Nag Dasgupta, Sanjeeva Nayaka, Atul Kumar Singh

Subject: Aquatic Science, Biology And Life Sciences Keywords: Diversity index; Distribution pattern; Green algae; Taxonomic identification; Water parameter

Online: 24 April 2024 (11:53:06 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1622.v1

Refractive Index and Dispersion Measurement with Polarization Change in Total Internal Reflection

Jyung-Ping Chang, Cheng-Mu Tsai, Jun-Hong Weng, Pin Han

Subject: Optics And Photonics, Physical Sciences Keywords: refractive index measurement; total internal reflection; polarization change; material dispersion

Online: 24 April 2024 (11:49:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1609.v1

Study on Body Weight-Length Relationship and Relative Fatness of Bigeye Grunt Brachydeuterus auritus in the Coastal Waters off Sierra Leone

Guoqing Zhao, Xin Rao, Shuai Li, Jialiang Yang, Lingzhi Li, Hongliang Huang

Subject: Aquatic Science, Biology And Life Sciences Keywords: bigeye grunt; body-length weight relationship; relative fatness; environment factor; Sierra Leone

Online: 24 April 2024 (11:49:14 CEST)

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Bigeye grunt Brachydeuterus auritus is an important economic species in the waters off Sierra Leone in West Africa, with great ecological value. Based on the survey data of bottom trawl nets from 6 voyages from 2019 to 2021, the body weight-length relationship (WLR), as well as their relative fatness, were studied in depth using the method of body length and its corresponding mean body weight. This study fitted the WLR of bigeye grunt by gender, calculated its fullness, and analyzed the influence of environmental factors. The results showed that month and gender had a significant impact on body length and weight distribution (P<0.01). There was a highly significant negative correlation (P<0.01) between the condition factor (a) and the allometric factor (b) in the WLR, and salinity significantly affects b (P<0.05). The (lga)/b ratio was less affected by environmental factors which may be related to the body size and density of the fish. The difference in b between male and female populations was extremely significant (P<0.01). The relative fatness had significant seasonal variation characteristics, with highly significant effects of sex and body length (P<0.01). With increasing body length, the relative fatness showed two types of changes, continuously increasing and first increasing then decreasing, with salinity and b significantly affecting the type of change (P<0.05) and depth having a highly significant effect (P<0.01). The bigeye grunt off the coast Sierra Leone exhibited significant seasonal growth characteristics, with significant differences in growth characteristics between male and female individuals. This study suggested that salinity may be the main factor affecting its growth and development. In addition, this study hypothesised that the peak breeding season may occur during the dry season, beginning in December and ending before April of the following year. The study provides updated and more comprehensive insights into the biology and ecology of the bigeye grunt offshore Sierra Leone, West Africa, which can provide scientific basis for its resource assessment, development and utilization, and resource management.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1602.v1

Comparison of Breast Sensibility Following Breast Reconstruction With Two Different Techniques: DIEP Flap and Expander/Implant

Soraya Tadimi Tazi

Subject: Surgery, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Breast sensibility; Breast reconstruction; DIEP abdominal flap; Implant; Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments; Thermal discrimination; Quality of life, BREAST-Q.

Online: 24 April 2024 (11:48:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1601.v1

Mitigating Threats in LoRaWAN Air Pollution Monitoring: Blockchain-Integrated Wireless Security for Azores Archipelago

Nick Nguyen, Sean Venezia, Joshua K Davis, Orlando Baiocchi, DC Grant

Subject: Other, Engineering Keywords: LoRaWan; Blockchain; Lightweight Scalable Blockchain; IoT devices; consensus mechanism; transaction processing

Online: 24 April 2024 (11:46:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1109.v2

Estimating Wastewater Dilution Using Chemical Markers and Incomplete Flow Measurements: Application to Normalisation of SARS-CoV-2 Measurements

Owen D. Jones, Amy J. Baldwin, William B. Perry, Henry Wilde, Isabelle Durance, Davey L. Jones, Andrew Weightman

Subject: Water Science And Technology, Environmental And Earth Sciences Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; wastewater-based epidemiology; wastewater; dilution; flow normalisation; Bayesian

Online: 24 April 2024 (11:44:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1612.v1

BUB1 Inhibition Sensitizes TNBC Cell Lines to Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy

Sushmitha Sriramulu, Shivani Thoidingjam, Farzan Siddiqui, Stephen L Brown, Benjamin Movsas, Eleanor Walker, Shyam Nyati

Subject: Oncology And Oncogenics, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: TNBC; BAY1816032; BUB1; PARP; olaparib; cisplatin; paclitaxel; radiation; chemoradiation

Online: 24 April 2024 (11:35:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1615.v1

Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Among HIV-1 Patients From Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

Cruz Sebastião, Carlos Rafael, Victor Pimentel, Ana Abecasis, Joana Morais

Subject: Public Health And Health Services, Public Health And Healthcare Keywords: HIV-1; Antiretroviral therapy; Treatment adherence; sub-Saharan Africa.

Online: 24 April 2024 (11:35:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1610.v1

Inheritance of Mitochondria in Pelargonium Section Ciconium (Sweet) Interspecific Crosses

Floris C. Breman, Joost Korver, Ronald Snijder, Eric Schranz, Freek T. Bakker

Subject: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics, Biology And Life Sciences Keywords: Pelargonium; mitochondrion; inheritance; CNI; Ciconium

Online: 24 April 2024 (11:31:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1618.v1

Short-Term Clinical Results of Minimally Invasive Direct Coronary Artery Bypass (MIDCAB) Procedure

Eissa Alaj, Vahid Seidiramool, Veaceslav Ciobanu, Farhad Bakhtiary, Nadejda Monsefi

Subject: Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: minimally invasive cardiac surgery; , coronary artery bypass; offpump; endoscopic harvesting of mammary artery

Online: 24 April 2024 (11:06:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1616.v1

Design and Analysis of Novel Anti-rocking Bearing

Yuqing Yang, Fanchang Kong, Longgui Bu, Zaigen Mu

Subject: Civil Engineering, Engineering Keywords: Novel anti-rocking bearing; Steel tension rod; Steel spring; Seismic time history analysis

Online: 24 April 2024 (11:05:23 CEST)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1620.v1

Microglial Replacement and COURIER or SPIT for Neuronal Gene Editing

Michael Renteln

Subject: Biology And Biotechnology, Biology And Life Sciences Keywords: microglial replacement; adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors; COURIER; SPIT; base editing; prime editing

Online: 24 April 2024 (11:05:05 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1619.v1

Case Report: Eliminating Dairy as a Novel Treatment in Acne Vulgaris

Olnita Martini, Elizabeth Tchernogorova, Ryan Cox, Parker Miller, Mary Tidwell, Nicole Skalka, Alexandra Ortiz-Jimenez, Benjamin Brooks

Subject: Dermatology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: acne vulgaris; dermatology; acne treatment; cystic acne

Online: 24 April 2024 (11:04:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1617.v1

Quantum Retarded Field Engine

Asher Yahalom

Subject: Quantum Science And Technology, Physical Sciences Keywords: Retardation; Relativity; Quantum Mechanics

Online: 24 April 2024 (10:12:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1604.v1

A Acylhydrazone Compound A5 Promotes Neurogenesis by Up-regulating Neurogenesis-related Genes and Inhibiting Cell-cycle Progression in Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells

Xiaoliang Xiang, Xia Jiang, Hongwei Lin, Meixing Yu, Liming Wu, Rong Zhou

Subject: Neuroscience And Neurology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: acylhydrazone compound; neural stem/progenitor cells; neurogenesis; cell-cycle progression; neurodegenerative diseases

Online: 24 April 2024 (10:07:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1597.v1

Deciphering the Interplay: Thieno[2,3-b]pyridine Impact on Glycosphingolipid Expression, Cytotoxicity, Apoptosis, and Metabolomics in Ovarian Tumor Cell Lines

Zdravko Odak, Sandra Marijan, Mila Radan, Lisa I. Pilkington, Monika Čikeš Botić, David Barker, Jóhannes Reynisson, Vedrana Čikeš-Čulić

Subject: Biochemistry And Molecular Biology, Biology And Life Sciences Keywords: ovarian cancer, glycosphingolipids (GSLs), apoptosis, cytotoxicity, metabolomics, thieno[2,3-b]pyridine, cancer stem cells (CSCs)

Online: 24 April 2024 (10:06:01 CEST)

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Preprint TECHNICAL NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1595.v1

Get Free Copy: A Multi-Repository Search Platform for Biomedical Publications

Nodir Kosimkhujaev, Kuan-lin Huang

Subject: Other, Biology And Life Sciences Keywords: open science; preprint; web platform

Online: 24 April 2024 (10:03:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1598.v1

Analysis of Dynamic Behavior of Multi-layer Soil Grounds Through 1 G Shaking Table Tests and Numerical Analysis

Yong Jin, Sugeun Jeong, Minseo Moon, Daehyeon Kim

Subject: Civil Engineering, Engineering Keywords: ground; seismic; dynamic behavior; response; 1 g shaking table; numerical analysis; multi-layered; amplification

Online: 24 April 2024 (10:02:28 CEST)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1563.v1

FEDSTR: Money-In AI-Out | A Decentralized Marketplace for Federated Learning and LLM Training on the NOSTR Protocol

Konstantinos Nikolakakis, George Chantzialexiou, Dionysis Kalogerias

Subject: Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning, Computer Science And Mathematics Keywords: distributed; parallel; and cluster computing; social and information networks; federated learning; LLMs; communication protocols

Online: 24 April 2024 (10:00:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1555.v1

Unveiling the Nexus: Sulphur Dioxide Exposure, Proximity to Mining, And Respiratory Illnesses in Kankoyo: A Mixed-Methods Investigation

Sipiwe Chihana, Jameson Mbale, Nchimunya Chaamwe

Subject: Public, Environmental And Occupational Health, Public Health And Healthcare Keywords: Sulphur Dioxide Exposure; Mining and Health Impact; Respiratory Illnesses; Community 9 Health Monitoring; Mixed-Methods Research; Air Pollution

Online: 24 April 2024 (09:59:14 CEST)

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The emission of sulphur dioxide (SO2) from mining activities presents a substantial risk to public health, especially in populations located near mine industrial regions. This study investigated the potential correlation between exposure to sulphur dioxide (SO2) and its effects on respiratory health in Kankoyo Township, Zambia. A variety of methodologies were employed in this study, encompassing community participation, expert interviews, spatial analysis, and a retrospective examination of health and SO2 data for Kankoyo spanning 15 years. The results of our research indicated a worrisome correlation between the community and the presence of SO2, which has had a significant impact on their lives. The expert interviews also emphasized the effects of SO2, with respiratory cases accounting for approximately 75% of the reported cases. Additionally, the clinic officer observed that asthma cases have decreased following the implementation of a monitoring station in the community. Furthermore, overall emissions of SO2 have decreased since the upgrade of the smelter operation. A probable association was identified in the retrospective analysis between exposure to SO2 and the occurrence of asthma, respiratory non-pneumonia, and pneumonia infections. The findings of the retrospective research revealed a substantial association between SO2 concentrations and the susceptibility of individuals aged 5 years and older to asthma, respiratory non-pneumonia, and pneumonia infections. The results of the spatial study indicated that Kankoyo exhibited a significant level of SO2 pollution, above the established limitations set by the Zambian Environmental Management Agency (ZEMA) by an alarming margin of 1713%. In response to the challenges identified, this study proposed several measures. These measures encompassed the implementation of a requirement for regulators such as ZEMA and local communities to have access to real-time pollution data from mines, to enhance transparency. Additionally, the deployment of affordable air quality sensors, the resolution of medication shortages, the establishment of specialized respiratory health clinics, the initiation of IT-driven public awareness campaigns, and the expansion of research to investigate additional pollutants and confounding factors were also recommended.

Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1562.v1

Clip Closure and PuraStat for Prevention of Clinically Significant Delayed Bleeding after Colorectal Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection: A Prospective, Observational Study

Mihai Ciocirlan, Dana Bilous, Andrei Gila, Daniel Corneliu Leucuta, Daniela Elena Mihaila, Adrian Tulin, Anca Gheorghiu, Elena Tianu, Catalina Vladut

Subject: Gastroenterology And Hepatology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: endoscopic submucosal dissection; clip closure; PuraStat; muscle retracting sign; colorectal mixed neuroendocrine carcinoma

Online: 24 April 2024 (09:58:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1588.v1

Orthologs of NOX5 and EC-SOD/SOD3: dNox and dSod3 Impact Egg Hardening Process and Egg Laying in Reproductive Function of Drosophila melanogaster

Eva Louise Louise Steinmetz, Annika Scherer, Célestine Calvet, Uli Müller

Subject: Cell And Developmental Biology, Biology And Life Sciences Keywords: NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5); (extracellular) superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD or SOD3)

Online: 24 April 2024 (09:57:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1592.v1

Self-Powered Acceleration Sensor for Distance Prediction via Triboelectrifications

Zhengbing Ding, Dinh Cong Nguyen, Hakjeong Kim, Xing Wang, Kyungwho Choi, Jihae Lee, Dukhyun Choi

Subject: Other, Engineering Keywords: triboelectric nanogenerator; self-powered; acceleration sensor; distance prediction

Online: 24 April 2024 (09:56:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1600.v1

GPTs or Grim Position Threats? The Potential Impacts of Large Language Models on Non-Managerial Jobs and Certifications in Cybersecurity

Raza Nowrozy

Subject: Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning, Computer Science And Mathematics Keywords: cybersecurity; skills; ChatGPT; workforce; large language model; generative AI

Online: 24 April 2024 (09:46:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1593.v1

Demographic Characteristics of an Expanding Iberian Wild Goat Population in Southern Pyrenees, Spain

Juan Herrero, Alicia García-Serrano, Carlos Prada, Ricardo García-González

Subject: Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology, Biology And Life Sciences Keywords: escape; reintroduction; recovery; hybridization.

Online: 24 April 2024 (09:44:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1559.v1

Jesmanowicz Conjecture and Gaussian Integer Ring

Nianrong Feng, Junyu Cao, Yongzheng Wang

Subject: Algebra And Number Theory, Computer Science And Mathematics Keywords: Jesmanowicz conjecture; Diophantine equation; Gaussian integer ring; 4k+1 type prime number

Online: 24 April 2024 (09:32:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1589.v1

Investigation of the Possibility of Using Coal Flotation Waste in the Production of Agglomerate

IRSHEK Ibraev, Orazbike Ibraeva, Нурбек Айткенов, Kamalchan Sakipov K.E.

Subject: Metallurgy And Metallurgical Engineering, Engineering Keywords: flotation waste
dewatering
agglomeration
recycling
pelletizing

Online: 24 April 2024 (08:58:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1554.v1

Exogenous Cytokinin 4-PU-30 Modulates the Response of Wheat and Einkorn Seedlings to UV-B Radiation

Elisaveta Kirova, Irina Moskova, Vasilissa Manova, Yana Koycheva, Zoia Tsekova, Denitsa Borisova, Hristo Nikolov, Ventzeslav Dimitrov, Iskren Sergiev, Konstantina Kocheva

Subject: Plant Sciences, Biology And Life Sciences Keywords: antioxidant gene expression; flavonoids; oxidative stress; phenolic compounds; phenylurea-cytokinin; proline; remote sensing; ROS; spectral reflectance

Online: 24 April 2024 (08:58:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1565.v1

Circulating Anti-endothelial Cell Antibodies in Patients with Geographic Atrophy Related to Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Katarzyna Żuber-Łaskawiec, Joanna Wilańska, Izabella Karska-Basta, Weronika Pociej-Marciak, Bożena Romanowska-Dixon, Marek Sanak, Agnieszka Kubicka-Trząska

Subject: Ophthalmology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: anti-retinal antibodies; anti-endothelial cell antibodies; age-related macular degeneration; geographic atrophy; indirect immunofluorescence

Online: 24 April 2024 (08:57:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1578.v1

First Account of Epibiotic Diatoms Taxa from the Shells of Green Swimming Crabs Callinectes bellicosus (Stimpson 1859) (Decapoda, Portunidae)

Francisco Omar López-Fuerte, David Alfaro Siqueiros Beltrones, Luis Hernández, Sergio Flores-Ramírez

Subject: Aquatic Science, Biology And Life Sciences Keywords: benthic diatoms; coastal lagoon; crustaceans; epibiosis; Mexico

Online: 24 April 2024 (08:31:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1582.v1

Merits of Multi-Indicator Precautionary Approach Management in a Male-Only Crab Fishery

Darrell Mullowney, Krista Baker, Julia Pantin, William Coffey, Kyle Lefort, Katie Morrissey

Subject: Aquatic Science, Biology And Life Sciences Keywords: snow crab; Newfoundland and Labrador; fisheries management; Precautionary Approach; male-only fishery

Online: 24 April 2024 (08:31:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1599.v1

Techno-Feasibility Assessment of a Floating Breakwater Concept for Supporting Marine Renewables in Deep Waters

Andrew Borg, Charise Cutajar, Tonio Sant, Robert N. Farrugia, Daniel Buhagiar

Subject: Marine Engineering, Engineering Keywords: floating breakwaters; multi-use offshore space; offshore hydro-pneumatic energy storage; offshore renewables

Online: 24 April 2024 (08:30:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1574.v1

Enhancing Multimodal Emotion Recognition through Attention Mechanisms in BERT and CNN Architectures

Fazliddin Makhmudov, Alpamis Kultimuratov, Young-Im Cho

Subject: Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning, Computer Science And Mathematics Keywords: Deep learning; CNN; BERT; Emotion recognition

Online: 24 April 2024 (08:29:13 CEST)

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