Abstract: Well-defined, small-molecule, platinum-centered coordination compounds are of continued interest in both basic and applied research, particularly in medicinal chemistry and pharmaceuticals (i.e., cisplatin). Organoplatinum(IV) complexes have been reported to exhibit substantial in vitro cytotoxicity across a range of cancer cell lines. Compared with coordinatively unsaturated platinum(II) species, electronically and coordinatively saturated platinum(IV) complexes are generally more inert, reducing undesirable side reactions in plasma and cellular environments and potentially improving their safety profiles as chemotherapeutic agents. In addition, the presence of organic ligands can enhance lipophilicity, facilitating passive diffusion across cell membranes. Here, we report the synthesis, structural characterization, and in vitro anticancer activity of a series of organoplatinum(IV) complexes of the general formula Pt(CH₃)₂I₂{n,n′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine} (n,n′ = 4,4′; 5,5′; 6,6′). The 5,5′- and 6,6′-dimethyl isomers were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. All three dimethyl-substituted complexes, along with the parent compound Pt(CH₃)₂I₂{2,2′-bipyridine}, were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against a panel of 60 human cancer cell lines. Whereas Pt(CH₃)₂I₂{2,2′-bipyridine} and the 4,4′- and 5,5′-dimethyl derivatives displayed limited cytotoxicity, the 6,6′-dimethyl isomer exhibited notable activity, particularly against the colon cancer cell line HCT-116 (LC₅₀ = 8.17 M) and the ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR-3 (LC₅₀ = 7.34 M). The enhanced cytotoxicity of the 6,6′-dimethyl derivative is attributed, at least in part, to the relatively facile dissociation of the 6,6′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine ligand from the platinum(IV) center, suggesting that sterically induced ligand lability plays an important role in modulating biological activity in this particular compound, giving new structural activity impetus for potential drug molecules.

Abstract: This paper presents the design and experimental evaluation of a microstrip antenna intended for operation in the DVB-T2 digital terrestrial television system within the UHF band. The antenna was fabricated on an FR4 dielectric substrate with a relative permittivity of and a thickness of mm. The developed structure is characterized by compact dimensions ( mm), which facilitates integration with receiving devices. This paper presents the results of numerical simulations and laboratory measurements concerning the electrical performance and radiation characteristics of the proposed antenna. The analysis encompasses the reflection coefficient (), voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), input impedance, and antenna gain. The proposed microstrip antenna is characterized by a minimum reflection coefficient (S11) of –27.19 dB, a peak gain of 3.22 dBi, and a wide operating bandwidth of 640 MHz, which corresponds to a relative bandwidth of 103.22%. The experimental section of this study also includes a comparative analysis of the RF and signal quality parameters of the DVB-T2 signal. The performance of the proposed antenna was evaluated against four other receiving antennas of different configurations, specifically log-periodic and dipole designs. The analysis of the experimental data, including received signal levels and multiplex reception stability, enabled the evaluation of the developed antenna under real-world operating conditions in comparison with commercially available benchmarks. The results demonstrate that the proposed microstrip antenna provides an effective and compact alternative for DVB-T2 digital terrestrial television reception systems.

Abstract:

Background: The impact of overweight and adipocyte size on the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) even remains unclear. Aim: To study: 1) the relationship between the state of adipocytes and/or overweight/obesity, the development of T2DM and its clinical and laboratory signs; 2) the effect of weight loss on glycemic level, hyperinsulinemia (HI), insulin resistance (IR), and T2DM status. Methods. Design: a systematic review. Settings: Web of Science, EBSCO, Scopus/ Science-Direct, Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane, и Wolter Kluwer were searched for articles published for 26 years (2000-2026). The study bases on a systematic review of 3853 articles published worldwide. Results. In total, 142 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. With an increase in overweight, the size of adipose tissue increases, adipocytes increase, the cell radius increase. All it leads to an overload of intracellular transport and internal organs. Increase in cell size triggers intracellular mechanisms to limit further nutrient supply. When cell size increases excessively, conformational changes in cellular receptors are activated, resulting in the development of IR. The increase in cell size and the maximum accumulation of overweight, as parallel processes, lead to hyperglycemia and HI with gradual development of IR and T2DM. Any type of intentional weight loss leads to a decrease in IR, HI and the disappearance of T2DM. Targeted weight loss in patients with T2DM improves metabolic and cardiovascular health, reduces blood pressure and blood sugar, reduces doctor visits, normalization of HbA1c, HI, IR. Conclusions. IR is a protective reaction of the cells, preventing its oversaturation and overflow. Overweight is an independent risk factor for the development of T2DM and its clinical and laboratory manifestations. Targeted weight loss leads to disappearance of symptoms of HI, IR and T2DM.

Abstract: Commercial streets are the most vibrant public spaces in rapidly urbanizing cities, and their livability has studied limited in the context of Indian urban environments. Existing national and international street assessment frameworks largely emphasize technical design compliance and walkability indicators while giving limited attention to the sociability and vibrancy that characterize commercial streets. This study develops a Composite Street Livability Index (SLI) to evaluate commercial street environments by in-tegrating physical, functional, and experiential dimensions. The methodology adopts a mixed-methods approach combining physical street audits, perception surveys, and behavioural observations. Five key dimensions of livability are identified from national and international frameworks: safety and security; accessibility and connectivity; comfort and amenities; sociability and vibrancy; management and aesthetics. The framework is applied to the commercial street of Thyagaraya Road, T.Nagar, located in Chennai, one of the most active retail districts in India. The results reveal an overall Street Livability Index score of 80.2 out of 100, indicating relatively high livability despite notable spatial variations across the six street nodes. Safety and security (27.8%) and accessibility and connectivity (24.2%) contribute the largest shares to the overall index, reflecting the dominance of pedestrian infrastructure and mobility conditions in shaping street performance. Safety and security recorded the highest qualitative rating (4.07/5), highlighting the corridor’s strong commercial activity and social interaction. However, lower scores in comfort, amenities, and management dimensions indicate the need for improved environmental quality and street maintenance. The proposed index demonstrates the value of integrating infrastructure and social activity indicators to assess commercial streets comprehensively and provides a context-sensitive evaluation tool for planners and policymakers to support people-oriented street transformation in Indian cities.

Abstract: This paper investigates a tracking control problem for a class of strict-feedback nonlinear systems with time delays, asymmetric output constraints, and deception attacks on the controller. First, by introducing a novel error transformation techniques, any non-zero and bounded initial state is converted into zero. Second, a barrier function with the asymmetric output constraints is designed, which convert the problem of satisfying the tracking control problem of nonlinear systems under output constraints boils down to ensuring the boundedness. In additional, the radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs) are utilized to handle both unknown uncertain term and deception attacks simultaneously. By utilizing the new asymmetric delayed barrier function error together with a RBFNNs technique, the tracking controller is designed to achieve asymptotic tracking, regardless of presence or absence of output constraints. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified through its simulation on the unmanned aerial vehicle’s (UAVs) systems.

Abstract: Motivated by Matsas et al. (2024), who demonstrated that time can serve as the sole fundamental dimension in place of traditional LMT dimensions, this study expands those results within the Minkowski and Tangherlini frameworks. Using a Lorentz transformation (LT) matrix approach, we validate the three-clock protocol, confirming that distance and newly discovered velocity expressions are derivable exclusively from proper times. The investigation is extended to Tangherlini's 4D spacetime to test whether absolute velocity is identifiable. While this resulted in velocity cancellation, a breakthrough was achieved by analysing the wave 4-vector geometric structure. By defining electromagnetic waves in transit as 'anonymous' — hosted by the ARF and unrelated to their original source frequency due to Doppler ambiguity at emission — we propose the Postulate of Anonymity, justified by the wave 4-vector structure in the Tangherlini framework. Using this concept, we successfully circumvented the "cancellation gap". We demonstrate that the ratio of spatial wave-vector components ky/kx (the tangent of the aberration angle) provides a direct, non-ambiguous measure of absolute velocity relative to the vacuum, reconciling with aberration methodologies utilised in the Planck 2013 mission. We prove that while the temporal component ω/c acts as a coordinate-dependent variable subject to sensor interaction, the spatial components tell the 'full truth' of the ARF. Consequently, we formally associate "peculiar velocity" with absolute velocity. The Andromeda Paradox is partially resolved as a coordinate artefact. We conclude that the wave 4-vector is a universal witness to an invariant, causal timeline anchored to the ARF.

Abstract: Aircraft flyover measurements are used to record the acoustic pressure signals generated by large civil aircraft as they fly over a large-scale microphone array deployed on the ground, thereby obtaining the spatial distribution of aircraft airframe noise and providing technical support for aircraft noise reduction. Aircraft flyover measurements have been widely applied in the research and development of numerous large civil aircraft in Europe and North America since the 1990s. In recent years, aircraft flyover measurements have also been extensively adopted in China, particularly with the rapid development of C919, China's large civil aircraft. Computer vision techniques have also been applied to microphone position calibration and aircraft trajectory determination in measurements, which has effectively improved measurement efficiency and accuracy. This paper presents an integrated procedure for aircraft flyover measurements of large civil aircraft in China, including microphone array design, installation, and calibration, noise acquisition system setup and data acquisition, aircraft trajectory determination, and data processing.

Abstract: Potassium homeostasis is essential for maintaining membrane potential and normal neuromuscular function. Although potassium disturbances are clinically relevant in several species, their prevalence and prognostic significance in pet rabbits remain poorly characterized. This retrospective study evaluated plasma potassium concentrations at admission in 1,773 venous samples from 1,312 pet rabbits and assessed associations with mortality, glycemia, and renal markers (BUN and creatinine) using i-Stat portable analyzer. Normokalemia (3.4–5.7mmol/L) was observed in 78.1% of samples, while hypokalemia and hyperkalemia occurred in 13.9% and 8.0%, respectively. Overall, 7-day mortality was 21.3%, with most deaths (68.7%) occurring within 48 hours. Both hypo- and hyperkalemia were associated with increased mortality, with hyperkalemia conferring the greatest risk (relative risk up to 5.4 at 24 h; P< 0.0001). Potassium concentrations were higher in non-survivors at all time points. Hyperkalemia was also associated with hypoglycemia and azotemia (P< 0.0001), suggesting impaired renal potassium excretion and possible alterations in insulinmediated cellular potassi-um uptake. No consistent association was observed between hyperglycemia and hyperkalemia. These findings indicate that plasma potassium disturbances are common in pet rabbits and are associated with short-term mortality and metabolic derangements. Early identification and correction of potassium imbalances and their causes may improve outcomes in critically ill rabbits.

Abstract: Plant species in secondary forests can significantly influence soil nutrients. We assessed how soil micronutrients (B, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn) and Al were affected by plant species in secondary forests at Masako Forest Reserve. Soil samples were collected in June 2022 and 2023 at three depths: 0–10 cm, 10-20 and 20-30 cm along five plant species. A com-pletely randomized design was used with 3 soil depths (SD) x 5 plant species (PS) replicated 4 times. Soil samples were air-dried, sieved 2 mm and sent to Brookside Laboratories (OH, USA) for analyses. Results showed that in 2022, Mn (p=0.0014) and Al (p=0.0216) were significantly affected by SD. Mn (18.30 mg/kg) concentrations were higher in 0-10 cm while Al (443.80 mg/kg) was concentrated in 20-30 cm depth. Boron, Fe, Mn, Zn and Al were all significantly affected by PS (p< 0.01). The soil under Musanga cercopoides had the highest concentrations of Mn, Cu (in magnitude), Zn and lowest in Al. Boron (0.50 mg/kg) and Fe (215.67 mg/kg) were highest in soils under Tricula Africana. As in 2022, Mn (p=0.0166) was also significantly affected by SD in 2023 with its highest concentration (5.45 mg/kg) in 0-10 cm. As for 2022, the soil under Tricula Africana had significantly higher concentrations of Fe (192.67 mg/kg) and Zinc (27.76 mg/kg). The 0-10 cm layer seems to significantly hold more nutrients as compared to deeper soil layers. Triculia africana seems to play a significant role in micronutrients cycling at Masaka Forest Reserve.

Abstract: The tumor microenvironment is continuously shaped by reciprocal interactions between malignant cells and stromal components, with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) serving as key regulators of extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and remodeling. In this study, we examined how cancer cell-derived secretomes from two hematological cancer cell lines, RPMI 8226 (multiple myeloma) and HG-3 (B-cell leukemia), influence the functional behavior of human adipose-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs). Exposure to these secretomes altered MSC proliferative capac-ity (2x faster doubling compared to the control), induced senescence (~3-4x higher than that of the control), and significantly modified MSC mediated colla-gen remodeling, as quantified using FITC-collagen coated substrata. Tumor con-ditioned media also reduced MSC spreading area (~2100 µm2 compared to the control ~2500 µm2) and induced distinct morphological changes indicative of a possible shift toward a cancer associated stromal phenotype. To assess the stabil-ity of these changes, MSCs were analyzed following a withdrawal of the cancer cell secretomes and further cultured in secretome-free environment, which re-vealed that most phenotypic and functional alterations were maintained and that the reprogramming is partially irreversible. These findings also demonstrate that the paracrine factors released by RPMI 8226 and HG-3 cells modulate MSC func-tionality upon interaction with collagen, providing insight into stromal contribu-tions to tumor progression.

Abstract:

Housner’s classical rocking model assumes a rigid base, often leading to inaccurate seismic assessments in real-world soil conditions. This study quantitatively establishes the applicability limits of the rigid-base assumption and defines a reference range for its validity. To bridge this gap, a novel Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI)-rocking model is formulated via the Lagrange Equation, capturing the coupled dynamics between rocking blocks and compliant foundations. Crucially, a closed-form relationship is derived to correlate the analytical model’s interface stiffness with the shear and Young’s moduli used in industrial finite element (FE) software. Our findings reveal that rocking behavior depends not only on soil stiffness but also on the inherent stiffness of the structure. Consequently, a relative stiffness parameter is introduced to bridge the analytical and numerical frameworks. Validation using LS-DYNA confirms the model’s precision across varying base stiffnesses. Results indicate that softer soils significantly alter rocking initiation thresholds and amplify peak angles. This proposed analytical model provides a computationally efficient, FE-compatible tool to improve stability predictions and design strategies for unanchored structures in earthquake-prone regions.

Abstract: A 58-year-old male presented with Acute Type A Aortic Dissection (ATAAD) and left lower limb paralysis with a history of previously implanted Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair (TEVAR). Entry tear of the ATAAD was evident within the ascending aorta with extension to distal left main and supra-aortic branches creating a dissection flap over the proximal end of the TEVAR stent causing a stent lumen blockage. Patient underwent emergency surgical repair with Bentall procedure and deployment of small Ascyrus Medical Dissection Stent (AMDS) landed distally inside the TEVAR stent and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), all with good effect. The patient did not have any clinical or biochemical organ malperfusion at 30-day follow-up. AMDS placement inside a TEVAR stent can clinically be an effective strategy for management of post ATAAD malperfusion with complex extensive disease requiring concurrent surgical fixations.

Abstract: Yellow fever (YF) remains a significant vector-borne zoonotic disease in tropical regions of the Americas, despite the availability of an effective vaccine for more than eight decades. In South America, the virus is maintained primarily through a jungle transmission cycle involving mosquitoes of the genera Haemagogus and Sabethes and several species of non-human primates (NHPs), which serve as amplifying hosts and important epidemiological sentinels. This narrative review revisits the current status of YF epizootics in South America and examines their implications for surveillance, ecological dynamics, and the risk of spillover to human populations. The review synthesizes recent evidence on the role of NHPs in the maintenance and detection of YF virus circulation, highlighting the high susceptibility of certain neotropical primates, particularly species of the genus Alouatta, which often experience high mortality during outbreaks. Reports of epizootics across Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, and Venezuela illustrate the virus's ongoing circulation and geographic expansion in tropical ecosystems. Ecological factors such as deforestation, habitat fragmentation, environmental change, and increased human activity in forested areas modify transmission dynamics and increase opportunities for spillover to humans. The integration of wildlife monitoring, entomological surveillance, genomic analysis, and epidemiological data is essential to improve early detection and response. In this context, the One Health framework provides a comprehensive approach to understanding the complex interactions among humans, animals, and ecosystems that drive YF transmission. Strengthening regional surveillance systems, improving laboratory capacities, and promoting coordinated public health interventions are critical to preventing human outbreaks and mitigating the ecological and public health impact of YF in South America.

Abstract: This paper employs machine learning techniques based on market volatility to identify and construct trading signals for both short-term and long-term Time Series Momentum (TSM) strategies. Through a comparative study of China's CSI 300 Index and the U.S. S&amp;P 500 Index, we conduct an empirical analysis from a cross-market perspective. The findings reveal that the performance of time series momentum strategies is jointly determined by their signal responsiveness and the prevailing market volatility regime. Using the Random Forest algorithm, this study effectively identifies critical thresholds for regime switching between low-volatility and high-volatility states in index futures markets. The empirical results demonstrate that during high-volatility periods, short-term TSM strategies significantly outperform their long-term counterparts, whereas the opposite holds true in low-volatility environments. Further analysis indicates that the short-term momentum alpha can be attributed to market timing ability. Our findings provide important theoretical and practical implications for optimizing trend-following strategies in commodity and financial futures markets through machine learning approaches.

Abstract: Employee well-being has become a central concern in organizational research due to its strong implications for performance, job satisfaction, and organizational sustainability (Bakker & Demerouti, 2007; Schaufeli & Taris, 2014). In high-pressure sectors such as banking and microfinance, managers operate under strict regulatory requirements, demanding performance targets, and continuous monitoring, which may significantly affect their psychological well-being (Giorgi et al., 2017; Lee & Kim, 2023). Managerial well-being is particularly important because managers are responsible not only for achieving organizational objectives but also for supervising employees and maintaining operational stability. These challenges are especially relevant in emerging financial systems such as Albania’s, where the financial sector is largely lending-oriented and dominated by commercial banks, with microfinance institutions playing a complementary role in expanding access to finance (Bank of Albania, 2025; World Bank, 2020). Managers in these institutions face pressures related to regulatory compliance, performance expectations, and the responsibility of supporting credit access for households and SMEs. This study investigates the determinants of managers’ well-being in Albanian lending institutions using the Job Demands–Resources (JD-R) model (Bakker & Demerouti, 2007). It examines how job demands (e.g., workload, performance pressure), job resources (e.g., organizational support, autonomy), and work–family conflict influence managerial well-being. The study also explores whether significant differences in well-being exist across demographic characteristics such as gender, age, type of institution, position, years of service, and number of supervised employees.

Abstract: The transformation of transport is necessary not only for climate protection, but also to increase competitiveness, develop modern technologies in transport, and improve the well-being and quality of life of the population. This article discusses the current state of the transformation of transport and infrastructure to low-emission and ze-ro-emission within EU member states and, in particular, their SMART cities. This arti-cle discusses the challenges, modern technologies, disadvantaged groups, and the overall concept of transformation with the aim of designing the most effective strategy for transport transformation at the SMART cities level. The potential relationship be-tween the position of EU member states in the Climate Change Performance Index ranking and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the EU is identified and analyzed. The re-sults are reflected at the SMART cities level, confirming that proactive states achieve faster and more effective transport transformation. The conclusion of the article de-fines research trends aimed at improving the level of transport transformation and challenges related to successful transformation at the SMART cities level.

Abstract: The global consumption of resources and environmental problems are becoming increasingly serious. China produces 61.0% of the world's watermelons, yet no comprehensive assessment of the resource consumption and environmental effects of China's watermelon production system has been reported. This study applies life cycle assessment (LCA), combining farmer surveys with field experiments, to systematically evaluate and verify the reduction potential of land occupation (LO), water depletion (WD), energy depletion (ED), global warming potential (GHG), acidification potential (AP), and eutrophication potential (EP), as well as the resource budget and environmental impact index (REI), in north China (NC), northwest China (NW), and southwest China (SW). The results reveal significant differences in resource consumption and environmental effects. The NC region was found to achieve the highest yield, 146% and 174% greater than the two other regions, but also to exhibit the highest resource use and emissions per unit area, with the lowest REI. By contrast, the SW region was found to achieve the most favorable performance in resource consumption and environmental emissions per unit yield. During the material stage (MS), more than 86.6% of energy and water resources are consumed, while in the farm stage (FS), 47.3% to 98.7% of total pollutants are emitted. Nitrogen (N) fertilizer is identified as the main contributor to GHG, WD, and EP, with field application accounting for more than 85% of the total impact. Although REI values across the three regions remain low, yield management and improved N fertilizer efficiency (PFPN) present a reduction potential of 46.5% to 55.4%, enabling both high yield and high efficiency. Field experiments further verify that reducing N fertilizer use by 14.3% to 40.0% can lower environmental impacts, which is of great significance for promoting green watermelon production.

Abstract: This study examines how religious architecture contributes to community well-being, using the Chapel of the Resurrection as a case study. Although the theological significance of worship spaces is well documented, limited empirical research exists on how specific architectural elements—particularly natural light and spatial arrangement—affect the social and psychological well-being of users within African academic environments. The study adopts a convergent parallel mixed-methods approach that integrates qualitative thematic analysis and site observations with quantitative data collected through 80 structured questionnaires administered to members of the university community. Drawing on theories of architectural phenomenology, emotional atmospheres, and place attachment, the Chapel is examined not merely as a ritual space but as active social infrastructure that shapes human experience and interaction. Findings reveal that the Chapel’s tropical modernist design functions as a restorative environment. A large majority of respondents (89.4%) reported that natural light creates a calm atmosphere, while 87.2% indicated that the space helps reduce stress. The spatial configuration also promotes inclusivity, with 93.6% agreeing that movement within the space is easy and 89.4% feeling included during services. Notably, 93.6% stated that the Chapel fosters a strong sense of belonging, demonstrating a clear connection between thoughtful architectural design and communal cohesion. The study concludes that the building effectively translates indigenous African ideals of egalitarian gathering into a contemporary institutional form and offers evidence-based design recommendations for community-supportive religious spaces in Nigerian universities.

Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are rapidly transforming knowledge work, yet their implications for fundamental work design theory remain underexplored. This study examines how LLM integration affects the Job Characteristics Model (JCM), a foundational framework linking work design to employee outcomes. Using hierarchical linear modeling with a comprehensive simulated dataset (N = 10,000 knowledge workers across 30 organizational contexts), we analyze five major LLM architectures (GPT-4o, o1-preview, Gemini 1.5 Pro, Claude 3.5 Sonnet, and open-weight models) under varying implementation conditions. Results demonstrate that LLM augmentation substantially enhances core job characteristics—particularly skill variety (+0.95 SD on average, ranging to +1.15 SD for multimodal architectures), task significance (+0.63 SD), and feedback quality (+0.71 SD)—with architecture-specific patterns emerging based on reasoning capabilities, multimodal integration, and customization options. The motivating potential score (MPS) increased by approximately 61% on average (from baseline M=106 to M=170), with effects moderated by growth need strength (GNS), override authority levels, and advanced AI features. Multi-architecture portfolios achieved 23% higher MPS gains than single-architecture implementations (η² = 0.19, p < 0.001) but required 127% greater implementation investment. Trajectory analyses revealed sustained improvements over 24 months, with high-GNS workers showing accelerating benefits while low-GNS workers plateaued after 12 months. These findings suggest LLMs can fundamentally enrich work design when thoughtfully implemented, though benefits depend critically on architecture selection, worker characteristics, and organizational support structures. We propose an expanded theoretical framework integrating AI capabilities into JCM constructs and discuss implications for human-AI work design.

Abstract: New quantum spin perspective redefines notion of quantum spin and reduced Planck c onstant h. Other consequences of this perspective are well-known. Here I propose smooth scale transition of quantum domain using auto-correct orauto-balance mechanism of this perspective. Equilibrium governs nature. All universal constants and equations work just to contribute to maintain equilibrium of cosmos. Relation between elementary quantum of action (¯h) and new quantum spin perspective is also established. why matter wave works the way it works? and why simultaneous measurement of two main pair of canonical conjugates ( x and p and E and t) are not possible in nature? are also explained via this perspective. Cause of uncertainty principle of quantum physics is also comprehended. De Broglie hypothesis and uncertainty principle emerge out of novel formula of h.