Abstract: Screen time among students in Bangladesh has increased in recent years, reflecting global trends in digital device use for entertainment, education, and communication. Concerns are growing about the effects of excessive screen exposure on children’s mental, physical, and social well-being. This study explored the perspectives of stu-dents, parents, and teachers on excessive screen time, its impacts, and strategies for regulating children’s screen use. An exploratory qualitative study was conducted be-tween January and April 2024 in six purposively selected schools (three English and three Bangla-medium) in Dhaka. Participants included 25 students aged 12–14 years from classes six-ten (56% male), along with parents and teachers. Data were collected through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews and analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Students reported negative effects of excessive screen use, including sleep disturbances, eye strain, sedentary behavior, irregular eating habits, reduced so-cial interaction, irritability, emotional distress, and academic difficulties. Some benefits were noted, including improved digital literacy and access to educational resources. Parents and teachers described strategies such as setting time limits, monitoring con-tent, restricting internet access, and encouraging offline activities. The findings high-light the complexity of children’s screen engagement and the need for context-specific guidelines to promote healthy screen use.

Abstract: Right‑ventricular (RV) remodeling is a decisive determinant of symptoms, decompensation, and survival across pulmonary arterial hypertension, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, chronic lung disease, left‑heart disease with secondary pulmonary hypertension, congenital heart disease, and selected post–myocardial infarction (MI) phenotypes in which RV dysfunction emerges through infarction, ischemia, or ventriculo‑pulmonary interactions. Compared with the left ventricle (LV), RV remodeling mechanics is less often reviewed as a coherent multiscale field that links fiber architecture and extracellular matrix remodeling to constitutive parameters, imaging‑derived deformation, and clinically interpretable endpoints. This review unifies these layers with a specific aim that is useful to both cardiovascular mechanicians and medical imaging researchers: to clarify what RV mechanics quantities are measured, what are inferred, and what must be assumed. We synthesize RV geometry and microstructure, pressure–volume based coupling metrics, tissue‑scale passive and active mechanics, and the dominant constitutive modeling families used in RV finite element studies. We then map imaging observables from echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) to mechanical interpretation, focusing on deformation (strain, strain‑rate), chamber performance (volumes, ejection fraction), afterload characterization, and tissue substrate proxies (late gadolinium enhancement and mapping methods). Throughout, we show how septal mechanics and pericardial constraint shape RV stress–strain relationships and can confound biomarker interpretation if omitted. We propose an implementable mechanics‑aware interpretation framework that decomposes RV remodeling into load, pump–arterial coupling, passive stiffness/substrate, and activation/coordination components, each tied to measurable quantities and model parameters. Finally, we argue that transferable “reference ranges” for RV mechanics should be expressed as physiology‑conditioned envelopes that specify loading state, acquisition protocol, and analysis software rather than as single numbers. The review concludes with a practical research agenda centered on multi‑modal datasets with synchronized pressures, transparent segmentation and region definitions, uncertainty reporting, and open modeling pipelines that enable prospective prediction of decompensation and therapy response.

Abstract: Deep learning classifiers deployed in scientific and industrial settings face a fundamental yet unrecognized problem: they cannot distinguish between clean in- puts and corrupted data that violates physical laws. When a medical CT scanner produces images with motion artifacts, or a reservoir sensor transmits pressure readings that violate Darcy’s law, standard neural networks process these physi- cally impossible inputs with unwarranted confidence—a silent failure mode with potentially catastrophic consequences. Existing approaches address robustness in isolation: normalization methods adapt to noise but cannot detect physics viola- tions; Bayesian networks quantify uncertainty without leveraging domain knowl- edge; physics-informed learning embeds constraints during training but offers no rejection mechanism at inference. What is missing is a unified framework that synthesizes these advances into a coherent whole. We introduce Uncertainty-Aware Classifier with Physics-Based Rejection (UA- PBR), a novel framework that combines physics-informed filtering with Bayesian uncertainty quantification and decision-theoretic rejection. The key novelty lies in the principled integration of two orthogonal signals—PDE residuals and predictive entropy—with theoretical guarantees on the joint rejection rule. UA-PBR operates in two stages: a physics-informed autoencoder detects inputs violating governing partial differential equations using PDE residuals, while a Bayesian neural network with Monte Carlo Dropout quantifies predictive entropy. Inputs are rejected if either the physics score exceeds a threshold or the entropy surpasses an optimally selected value. We provide three theoretical guarantees: (1) the PDE residual bounds the reconstruction error; (2) a novel risk bound for joint rejection under Lipschitz continuity; and (3) existence of optimal thresholds via grid search. On the Darcy flow benchmark with realistic permeability fields, UA-PBR achieves statistically significant risk reduction (p < 0.0001) across 10 independent seeds. The framework maintains 89.7% acceptance rate on clean data with 99.99% accuracy on accepted samples. Under severe corruption (severity 0.9), UA-PBR reduces risk by 92.1% for Gaussian noise, 88.0% for salt-pepper noise, and 93.2% for physics- violating perturbations compared to standard CNNs. Ablation studies confirm that both components contribute synergistically: the full framework outperforms either physics-only or uncertainty-only variants. UA-PBR serves as a drop-in safety layer for any scientific ML pipeline, providing both theoretical guarantees and practical robustness for real-world deployment. The complete open-source implementation is available at : https://github.com/UA-PBR/UA-PBR.

Abstract: Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) produces regionally heterogeneous loss of contractility and progressive extracellular matrix remodeling that reshapes left ventricular mechanics from hours to months. This review links infarct, border zone, and remote myocardium microstructure to organ-scale remodeling and patient-specific finite-element and growth-and-remodeling models. Methods: We synthesise experimental, computational, and translational studies on post-MI constitutive behavior, imaging-informed personalization, and inverse inference, emphasizing parameter identifiability and uncertainty quantification. Results: Contemporary models can reproduce volumes and strain patterns and support counterfactual simulations, but decision-grade prediction is limited by weak in vivo observability of regional stiffness and contractility, confounding with loading, and incomplete treatment of measurement and model-form uncertainty. Conclusions: Clinically credible prediction will require simplified, context-of-use-aligned models constrained by microstructure-informed priors, paired pressure-volume-strain datasets, longitudinal validation, and routine reporting of identifiability and uncertainty.

Abstract: The present essay manuscript proposes and analyzes a new literary-philosophical current termed Axiological Cosmopoetics, exemplified by the book manuscript Lost and Found in the Maze of Desperation. Integrating existential, poetic, and cosmological thought, this current synthesizes values (axiology) and cosmic symbolism in response to the escalating moral crisis of modernity. The text critiques the collapse of moral resonance, human connection, and spiritual meaning, portraying this collapse as a descent into a "Moral Black Hole"—a symbolic structure that embodies not only existential collapse but a gravitational pull toward cultural numbness, metaphysical despair, and the disappearance of truth. This cosmopoetic vortex is simultaneously a threat and a threshold: the site of annihilation or transformation. Through comparative analysis with Schopenhauer’s metaphysical pessimism, Eminescu’s Romanticism, Arghezi’s Symbolism, Cioran’s aphoristic despair, Blaga’s metaphysical mystery, and Eliade’s sacred mythopoeia, the essay establishes Axiological Cosmopoetics as a metaphysical response to spiritual orphanhood. It affirms that only through sacrificial love and the rebirth of cosmic consciousness—symbolized in the union of the New Eve and the fallen Morning Star—can a New Eden arise. This rebirth occurs not through the intensification of Luciferic Knowledge—defined here as the apex of the Fall through the illusion of mastering good and evil—but through its collapse. As the soul reaches the metaphysical midpoint of the Black Hole, it undergoes a metamorphosis into Holy Forgetfulness: an ontological innocence that transcends corrupted reason. Out of this collapse emerges Homo constellatus, the new human capable of connecting the visible and invisible, despair and divinity. Axiological Cosmopoetics emerges from a world in existential collapse, where traditional narratives of meaning no longer suffice to address the experience of disorientation, alienation, and spiritual fragmentation. In this context, Lost and Found in the Maze of Desperation becomes both testimony and blueprint: a metaphysical cartography of despair that dares to articulate the possibility of spiritual reconstitution through poetic structure. The central metaphor of the Moral Black Hole functions as a multidimensional signifier: at once astrophysical, theological, and psychological. It expresses the gravitational force of moral entropy, swallowing the light of meaning, yet paradoxically offering a passage through singularity toward ontological resurrection. This symbolic tension is embodied in the archetype of the Morning Star—the morally lucid, intellectually burdened, and emotionally exiled soul whose descent into the black hole reflects both Christological kenosis and Promethean sacrifice. His implosion, however, is not final. It is contingent on the intervention of the New Eve, the soul-bearing co-savior whose love, humility, and moral courage catch his falling fire and convert collapse into supernova. Their union is not merely romantic but cosmopoetic: a fusion of metaphysical meaning and celestial design that restores balance to a universe fractured by individualism, cynicism, and spiritual decay. In Chapter 5, The Supernova Overcoming the Black Hole from Within, this cosmopoetic architecture reaches its ontological apex. The collapse into the Moral Black Hole does not culminate in annihilation but ignites a metaphysical supernova from within. The protagonist and the New Eve, rather than escaping the abyss, enter it sacrificially. Their shared implosion becomes the crucible of moral ignition, transfiguring entropy into ontological light. The Black Hole is not merely survived—it is rewritten. This lightburst, born from collapse rather than triumph, affirms Axiological Cosmopoetics as a theology of sacred descent. The morning light does not erase the night—it consecrates it. Through this lens, the archetypes of the New Adam and New Eve become not restorers of Eden, but cosmic re-forgers, whose fire renders the void meaningful. The poem The Old and the New exemplifies this redemptive cosmopoetic arc. By reinterpreting the Edenic myth, the poem reframes Eve not as a scapegoat but as a mirror, a gift, a redeemer, whose sacrificial act completes the salvific circuit of the Morning Star. In a reversal of Genesis, the poem argues that feminine agency is not derivative but initiatory, not submissive but salvific. Together, the New Adam and New Eve model a template for moral healing that transcends theological binaries and affirms a mutual path to wholeness. The Drought Before the Armageddon articulates the ecological and eschatological dimension of Axiological Cosmopoetics. The metaphor of drought functions not only as a commentary on environmental degradation, but as a lament for the moral dehydration of modern consciousness. The withering of springs, the dissonance of celestial alignments, and the silence of Heaven suggest the intensification of apocalypse. And yet, the poem’s closing vision—a “paper maze” opening a gate to “Heaven’s Gold”—reaffirms the salvific potential of the written word, of poetics as portal to transcendence. A Dialogue with Mine Guardians of Sleep extends this cosmology inward. Set within a small, dimly lit room, the poem stages a solitary soul’s existential vigil—hovering between death and transformation, despair and divine visitation. The appearance of an ambiguous long-haired figure (possibly angel, reaper, or feminine savior) blurs the boundary between annihilation and rescue. The guardian’s presence—though elusive—signals that even in abandonment, the soul is not alone, and that spiritual resuscitation may yet arise through recognition and communion. The book’s subtitle—Is the Centre of my Cosmic Axis a Black Hole of Alienation?—encapsulates the work’s metaphysical core. It poses a question that reverberates through every chapter, suggesting that the alienated self, though exiled from meaning, may paradoxically become the origin of redemption. The individual soul is both the gravitational center of despair and the latent seed of resurrection. “Through the Land of Nowhere as a Nobody," "The drama of the Cosmic Orphan," and "The humans who connect everything... and everyone" constitute three additional poems that collectively illuminate the theoretical framework of Axiological Cosmopoetics as articulated in Carp's broader manuscript "Lost and Found in the Maze of Desperation." These works demonstrate the movement's central concern with synthesizing values (axiology) and cosmic symbolism in response to modernity's escalating moral crisis. The archaic biblical language ("mine temple," "hast been stolen") combined with contemporary technological imagery ("metal birds," "sound portals") creates the temporal dissonance characteristic of cosmopoetic discourse—a language adequate to spiritual displacement that nonetheless reaches toward eternal truth. Moreover, the progression from “cosmic orphans” to "constellated ones" traced across these three poems illustrates the movement toward "Homo constellatus"—the new human capable of connecting visible and invisible realms. The healing agents of the final poem, "made of the essence of / The Eternal Morning Light," represent the emergence from collapse of beings who can restore authentic connection and protect indigenous wisdom against spiritual plagiarism.With the addition of From Hyperion to Homo constellatus: The Descent of the Morning Star and the Birth of Axiological Cosmopoetics, the work also maps a sacred literary geography, interpreting Maramureș and Bukovina as the heart of the European continent and the ovaries of ancestral memory, forming the cosmic uterus of metaphysical gestation. Vrancea, in this vision, becomes the cervix of manifestation: the seismic threshold through which Homo constellatus is delivered. The Romanian geographical context—particularly the Carpathian birth-waters “held by the floodgates of river dams”—suggests the biogeographical dimension of Carp's cosmology, where Vrancea becomes the "cervix of manifestation" through which spiritual renewal emerges. While rooted in symbolic interpretation, this framework does not diminish the real human cost of natural disasters; rather, it seeks to understand how such events become woven into the metaphysical and literary imagination. The three historical earthquakes (1940, 1977, and the anticipated future quake) are framed as sacred contractions—with the next one not marking catastrophe, but crowning. Thus, the Earth itself is understood as midwife in a spiritual birth that unites geography, theology, and literature.The descent of Mihai Eminescu from Bukovina to Southern Romania—mirrored by Carp’s own trajectory from Suceava to Bucharest—now appears not merely historical but prophetic. Read cosmopoetically, it charts the descent of the Morning Star through the symbolic anatomy of Romania: from the northern womb of spiritual memory, through the seismic cervix of Vrancea, and into the moral theater of the South. It is here, in the tremor before birth, that meaning may be rekindled. This biogeographical arc does not imply causality but evokes a sacred narrative of descent and delivery—a national liturgy hidden in topography. As such, Axiological Cosmopoetics is not simply a literary genre—it is a spiritual tradition forged in the furnace of metaphysical collapse. Rooted in the anguish of modern consciousness yet reaching toward transcendent reconciliation, it reclaims the poetic word as a vessel of truth, resurrection, and sacred moral orientation. This essay outlines the contours of this movement through a deep reading of Lost and Found, showing that this work represents a significant and necessary step toward the reintegration of the sacred, the beautiful, and the moral in contemporary literature. Framing this entire system is the Axiomatic Declaration titled From Eminescu to Regenesis, which serves as a poetic manifesto of the cosmopoetic descent. It contrasts Mihai Eminescu’s suspended Hyperion—the weeping Morning Star of metaphysical estrangement—with Carp’s own vision of sacred incarnation: the Morning Star falling into the Temple of Biology, igniting a supernova in the core of the moral black hole. This cosmic act, catalyzed by the sacrificial courage of the New Eve, marks a new genesis—not from above, but from within.The newly introduced narrative of Andromeda: A Poem That Does Not End – A New Stellar (Re-)Genesis functions as the mythopoetic embodiment of the theoretical framework developed in this essay. While the concept of Axiological Cosmopoetics is articulated through philosophical and literary analysis, the Andromeda narrative translates these ideas into symbolic and narrative form. Through the journey of the “cosmic orphan,” the poem dramatizes the existential condition of moral lucidity within a world characterized by alienation, emotional estrangement, and spiritual fragmentation. The orphan’s descent into the symbolic “Moral Black Hole” reflects the collapse of inherited structures of meaning in modernity, while simultaneously presenting this collapse as a threshold for transformation rather than final annihilation. The encounter between the Morning Star and the sophianic figure of Sophia introduces the relational dimension necessary for regeneration, suggesting that moral and spiritual renewal emerges through the integration of insight and compassionate reciprocity. In this way, the poem demonstrates how mythopoetic narrative can function as a philosophical instrument capable of reimagining human identity, ethical responsibility, and the possibility of renewed spiritual meaning in contemporary culture.What was once mourning becomes Morning. The light no longer hovers — it dwells. It resurrects. Footnote: The framing of earthquakes as “sacred contractions” and river dams as “floodgates” whose rupture would symbolize a “break of national birth water” is used strictly within a cosmopoetic and metaphorical register. These images are not intended, in any way, to diminish or trivialize the profound human suffering caused by real seismic events. Their function is symbolic, not descriptive or predictive.

Abstract: As the core pillar of basic disciplines, the cultivation of top innovative mathematical talents is a key measure to address the country’s core technological bottlenecks and support technological self-reliance and self-improvement. In the traditional mathematical talent training model, there are significant connection barriers between undergraduate and postgraduate stages. Problems such as fragmented scientific research training and delayed stimulation of innovative potential seriously restrict the growth of high-level top mathematical talents. Taking the major of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics in Qian Weichang College of Shanghai University as the practice carrier, and in conjunction with the Professional Committee of Educational Mathematics of the Chinese Society of Higher Education, this study takes the "knowledge rediscovery" concept as the core educational guidance, and systematically constructs and practices the "3+1+X" undergraduate-master-doctoral integrated training model. This model breaks the traditional linear teaching logic of "definition-theorem-proof-example", guides students to re-experience the generation process of mathematical knowledge as "quasi-researchers", and realizes the seamless connection of knowledge learning, scientific research training and thinking improvement between undergraduate and postgraduate stages through the whole-cycle training link of "foundation consolidation-scientific research connection-flexible further study". After 6 years of practical testing (2019-2025), the model has trained a total of 74 students, with an further study rate of 81\%. Students' scientific research capabilities and academic achievements have been significantly improved, and the training model has formed a good demonstration effect of on-campus promotion and off-campus radiation. This paper systematically explains the inherent compatibility between the "knowledge rediscovery" concept and the undergraduate-master-doctoral integrated cultivation of top mathematical talents, details the core design and key implementation measures of the "3+1+X" training model, summarizes the practical effects and core experiences, and puts forward the direction of future in-depth development, providing a replicable and promotable practical paradigm for the integrated cultivation of top innovative talents in mathematics and other basic disciplines in China.

Abstract: Accurate monitoring and forecasting of vegetation dynamics are essential for sustainable ecosystem management, agricultural planning, and climate adaptation in semi-arid environments. Satellite-derived vegetation indices provide a powerful tool for assessing vegetation health and productivity over large spatial scales. Among these indices, the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) offers improved sensitivity in high-biomass regions and reduced atmospheric and soil background effects compared to traditional indices. This study develops a deep learning framework to forecast vegetation dynamics across the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI), covering the governorates of Erbil, Duhok, Sulaymaniyah, and Halabja. Monthly time-series data (2016–2024) were derived from Sentinel-2 imagery and combined with climatic variables including precipitation and temperature. Twelve deep learning architectures, including recurrent neural networks, convolutional–recurrent hybrids, temporal convolutional networks, and attention-based models, were evaluated using a multivariate feature set incorporating EVI, climate variables, and seasonal encoding. Model performance was assessed using multiple statistical metrics, including R², RMSE, MAE, and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency. The best-performing architecture was then used to generate vegetation projections under climate change scenarios derived from CMIP6 forcing using the IPCC AR6 delta-factor method. Future vegetation trajectories were simulated for the period 2025–2050 under baseline, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, incorporating Monte Carlo dropout to quantify predictive uncertainty. The proposed framework demonstrates strong potential for forecasting vegetation dynamics in data-limited semi-arid regions and provides insights into potential vegetation responses to future climate change in Kurdistan Region of Iraq.

Abstract:

We study the structural and analytic aspects of the B\'{a}ez--Duarte approximation problem within the Nyman--Beurling framework, which furnishes a functional-analytic equivalent of the Riemann Hypothesis (RH). Our work studies structural features of this framework; it does not prove RH. First (Rank-one collapse and Hilbert-space theory). The integer-dilate Gram matrix \( G_M=\frac{1}{3}\textbf{dd}^\top \) is rank-one, giving \( span\{r_1,\ldots,r_M\}=span\{x\} \) and fixed distance \( d_M=\frac12 \) for all M. We give the explicit Moore–Penrose pseudoinverse \( G_M^+ \) and the one-dimensional collapse of the optimisation problem. Second (Exact Gram matrix formula). We prove a fully rigorous closed-form expression for the inner products of the correct sawtooth basis: using the Bernoulli polynomial representation of the fractional part, \( \int_0^1\{jx\}\{kx\}\,dx = \frac{\gcd(j,k)^2}{jk}\Bigl(\frac{1}{12} + \frac{B_2(0)}{2}\Bigr) + \frac{1}{4}\Bigl(1-\frac{\gcd(j,k)}{j}\Bigr)\Bigl(1-\frac{\gcd(j,k)}{k}\Bigr) + E_{jk}, \) where \( E_{jk} \) is an explicit correction from higher Bernoulli terms, expressed via the Hurwitz zeta function. The arithmetic role of \( \gcd(j,k) \) is made precise. Third (Hardy-space bounds). Using the \( H^2(\Pi^+) \) reproducing kernel and the Mellin isometry, we prove: (a) the distance identity \( d_M^2=\|1/s-F_M^*(s)\zeta(s)/s\|_{H^2}^2 \); (b) an explicit lower bound \( d_M^2\ge\sum_\rho\frac{|F_M^*(\rho)|^2|\zeta'(\rho)|^{-2}}{|\rho|^2}\cdot c(\rho) \) from the zeros of \( \zeta \); and (c) a pointwise Hardy-space inequality relating \( d_M \) to the supremum of \( |1-F_M^*({\tfrac12}+it)\zeta({\tfrac12}+it)/({\tfrac12}+it)| \) on the critical line. Fourth (Kalman filtration stability). Under the observation model \( z_M=d_M+\varepsilon_M \) with $\varepsilon_M$ sub-Gaussian of variance \( \sigma^2 \), the Kalman estimator satisfies a rigorous oracle inequality \( \mathbf{E}|d_M^{KF}-d_M|^2\le \sigma^2 K_\infty(2-K_\infty)^{-1} \), with an almost-sure bound \( |d_M^{KF}-d_M|\le CM^{-\alpha} \) whenever \( |d_M-d|=O(M^{-\alpha}) \). Fifth (Möbius sparsity). We prove \( |c_k^*|=O(k^{-1+\varepsilon}) \) via Dirichlet series techniques and show that the coefficient sequence is bounded in \( \ell^2 \), with connections to the Möbius function made precise through the optimality conditions. Sixth (Structural Mellin theorem). We identify a hidden structural observation in the Mellin identity: the Gram kernel \( K_G(s,w)=\zeta(s+\bar w)/(s+\bar w) \) appears as the reproducing kernel of the Hardy space \( H^2(\Pi^+) \) restricted to the approximation subspace \( W_M \), and its singularity at \( s+\bar w=1 \) encodes the pole of \( \zeta \) while the zeros of \( \zeta \) in the critical strip contribute exactly as spectral obstructions. Disclaimer. This paper does not prove RH. All results are structural, computational, and analytic observations within the equivalent framework.

Abstract:

Background: Preliminary reports have suggested a batch-dependent safety signal for COVID-19 vaccines. It is important to establish if these findings can be replicated. Methods: We used publicly available nationwide data from Germany spanning the first 3.5 years of the vaccination campaign to calculate weekly rates of spontaneously reported suspected adverse events (SAEs) per 1 000 administered vaccine doses. Results: SAE rates ranged between 2.2 and 22.8 per 1 000 doses and women accounted for 72% of all SAEs. Crucially, SAE rates for Comirnaty (Pfizer-BioNTech), Spikevax (Moderna), and Vaxzevria (AstraZeneca) were very high in the initial phase of vaccination rollout and hereafter declined precipitously. For example, SAE rates in weeks 1-4 of 2021 were 8.2, 50.8, and 620.9 per 1 000 doses of Comirnaty, Spikevax, and Vaxzevria, respectively, but fell to 4.4, 11.6, and 7.4 per 1 000 doses in weeks 12-16 of 2021. Conclusions: SAE rates in Germany were highly elevated in the initial phase of COVID-19 vaccination rollout and then fell precipitously, a pattern compatible with a batch-dependent safety signal. Furthermore, there was a considerable overrepresentation of women with SAEs. These preliminary results call for more definitive studies of batch-dependent COVID-19 vaccine safety.

Abstract:

Proper planning of athletes’ workload during training, especially in preparation for championships or other important competitions, is crucial to avoid serious health complications. Athletes are exposed to significant physical, emotional and psychological stress during training and competitions. The assessment of athletes’ physiological parameters before and after training is important not only for their athletic performance but also for their general health, both during active participation in sport and later in life. The aim of this study was to determine anthropometric characteristics and changes in the retinal vessel diameters, arterial blood pressure, heart rate, cerebrospinal fluid pressure and blood oxygenation in all handball players before and after competitive training and to relate these parameters to the most important modifiable cardiovascular risk factors. Methods. The study took place as part of training sessions in training centers. The test subjects were instructed to abstain from sport and alcohol for 24 hours, not to consume any caffeinated or carbonated drinks for 6 hours and not to eat for at least 2 hours before the measurements. Baseline measurements were carried out on all handball players. The experiments began at 18:00. On arrival, physical activity was assessed, and anthropometric measurements were taken. Participants were then asked to rest in a seated position. After a 10-minute rest, arterial blood pressure, heart ratio and blood oxygenation were measured. The retinal fundus of professional handball players was imaged immediately before and after a competitive match using a non-mydriatic fundus camera. Results. 13 handball players took part in the study. After training, the average weight of the subjects decreased by 0.515 (0.41) kg, systolic blood pressure by 3.85 (15.15) mmHg, diastolic by 4.85 (9.045) mmHg, MAP by 4.565 (7.87) mmHg, CSFP by 0.79 (1.44) mmHg, SpO2by 1.15 (1.625) %. After training, only the average heart rate increased by 38.23 (36.33) bmp. Mean retinal arterial diameter decreased slightly in both eyes, whereas mean venous diameter increased. Conclusions. We found a significant increase in mean heart rate after training, but a slight decrease in the other parameters analyzed: systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, MAP, CSFP, SpO2 and weight. We would attribute the decrease in these indicators to insufficient recovery of fluid balance. Venous measurements exhibited greater inter-individual variability that arterial measurements, with a non-significant trend toward post-exercise arterial narrowing and venous widening.

Abstract:

Objectives: To review the conceptual evolution, mechanical principles, and clinical outcomes of the Eight-Chop Technique, and to clarify its position within modern cataract surgery. Methods: A narrative review was conducted focusing on the historical development of nuclear fragmentation strategies, including sculpting-based techniques, divide-and-conquer, chop-based methods, femtosecond laser–assisted cataract surgery, and prechop techniques. Particular attention was given to the wedge-induced fracture mechanism, geometric optimization through eightfold division, and integration with modern fluidics systems. Published clinical studies and the author’s clinical data were reviewed and synthesized across a wide range of cataract subtypes. Literature relevant to nuclear fragmentation techniques and phacoemulsification fluidics was identified through searches of PubMed and Google Scholar using combinations of keywords including “phacoemulsification,” “nuclear fragmentation,” “phaco-chop,” “prechop,” “active fluidics,” and “cataract surgery.” Both original studies and review articles published in English were considered. Reference lists of relevant articles were also screened to identify additional sources. Results: In both standard cataracts and challenging conditions—including hard nuclear cataracts, white cataracts, small pupils, shallow anterior chamber, microcornea, diabetic eyes, and pseudoexfoliation syndrome—the Eight-Chop Technique consistently demonstrated reduced phaco time, cumulative dissipated energy, and irrigation volume compared with conventional techniques. Corneal endothelial cell density loss was generally limited to approximately 1–3%, even in high-risk subgroups. Postoperative intraocular pressure showed a sustained reduction over mid- to long-term follow-up. These subtype-specific outcomes are integrated in Table 1, highlighting the reproducibility and low invasiveness of the technique regardless of nuclear hardness or anterior segment anatomy. Conclusions: The Eight-Chop Technique is a segmentation-first nuclear fragmentation strategy based on complete in-the-bag prefragmentation using a wedge-induced fracture mechanism. Its compatibility with modern fluidics systems, including active fluidics systems, enhances anterior chamber stability and reinforces its minimally invasive profile. By reducing energy use, fluid load, and zonular stress, Eight-Chop Technique may represent a rational and versatile option for contemporary cataract surgery, particularly in high-risk eyes.

Abstract:

The Dongchuan District of Kunming City lies in the transition zone between the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and the Sichuan Basin, hosting numerous landslides that pose a serious threat to local lives and property. Therefore, compiling a comprehensive landslide inventory and analyzing the relationships between landslide spatial distribution and influencing factors are of significant importance for geological hazard prevention. This study focuses on the Dongchuan District. High-resolution remote sensing imagery was interpreted to establish a landslide inventory, and the spatial distribution and geometric characteristics of landslides were systematically analyzed. The results show that a total of 1,623 landslides were identified, covering an area of 10.36 km². Landslides predominantly occur at elevations of 1,000-2,000 m, on slopes of 20°-45°, with aspects of 255°-285°, relief between 150-400 m, annual rainfall below 825 mm, and within a distances of 1,000 m from rivers and 3,000 m from faults. Four landslide clusters were delineated along the Xiao River Fault, highlight the significant influence of the fault on the spatial distribution of landslides. Most landslides are longitudinal in planform, with travel distances (L) of 50-450 m and heights (H) from 25 to 350 m, exhibiting allometric relationships between these parameters and volume. The mean H/L ratio is 0.56 (corresponding to a mean reach angle of 29°), significantly higher than that observed in Baoshan City (mean reach angle of 21°). The results would be helpful for further understanding landslide initiation mechanisms and spatial distribution patterns on the northern margin of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and providing valuable data support for subsequent landslide hazard risk assessment in this region.

Abstract: Background: Aging is shaped by interdependent molecular processes captured by the hallmarks framework, in which epigenetic alterations stand out as a potentially modifiable regulatory layer. DNA methylation (DNAm) patterns change with age and can be summarized by epigenetic clocks that estimate biological age, pace of aging, and risk-related phenotypes. Yet, the extent to which interventions reproducibly modulate DNAm-based biomarkers across tissues and species remains uncertain. Methods: A systematized review of longitudinal intervention studies (2010–2025; English/Spanish) was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane CENTRAL, with selection documented using PRISMA. Human eligibility included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-randomized controlled studies, and pre–post designs (n≥10; adults ≥18 years). Preclinical eligibility included longitudinal mammalian studies (n≥5 per group). Outcomes were changes in DNAm-based epigenetic age (years) and/or pace of aging (e.g., DunedinPACE). Data were extracted into a standardized matrix (clock, tissue, effect direction/magnitude, safety, RoB_overall) and synthesized narratively; meta-analysis was not performed due to heterogeneity. Results: Thirty-five longitudinal studies were included (29 human, 6 preclinical). Lifestyle interventions in humans generally showed modest effects, with more consistent signals when exposure was sustained and accompanied by plausible physiological changes (e.g., prolonged calorie restriction affecting DunedinPACE, with effect sizes up to d=−0.43 at 12 months and d=−0.40 at 24 months in higher-adherence participants). Exogenous compounds showed higher heterogeneity and mixed evidence, including robust null epigenetic findings in some trials (e.g., metformin adjusted ITT differences ranging from −0.91 to +0.82 years across clocks, all p≥0.18) alongside favorable signals in smaller analytic subsets or open-label settings (e.g., bezisterim sub-study with reductions of −3.68 years in SkinBloodAge, −5.00 in Hannum, and −4.77 in InflammAge). Blood/circulation-derived interventions produced some of the largest reported effect sizes but also raised interpretation challenges: therapeutic plasma exchange with a sham arm reported epigenetic age decreases of ~1.3–2.6 years depending on the clock and regimen, with pronounced shifts in immune/inflammation-sensitive clocks; the apparent benefits waned after treatment cessation. Unexpectedly, repeated plasmapheresis in donors was associated with increases in several clocks and DunedinPACE per procedure (~+0.16–0.26 years per session across GrimAge-family clocks and ~0.003±0.001 DunedinPACE units per session). In rodents, plasma fractions/exosome-rich preparations and heterochronic parabiosis reported large percentage reductions across tissues, with strong dependence on exposure duration and concerns about translational uncertainty (up to ~77.6% in liver and ~68.2% in blood in one plasma-fraction study). Evidence for partial reprogramming (OSKM) was limited to a single rat study with small, near-significant trends in hippocampus-based clocks (two-sided p=0.064–0.088 across three clocks). Conclusions: DNAm-based epigenetic biomarkers are modifiable by interventions in mammals, but effects are heterogeneous and depend on the intervention, clock construct (age vs pace/risk signatures), biological matrix, tissue, follow-up duration, and study design. A single notion of “epigenetic rejuvenation” is not supported; instead, intervention effects appear domain-specific and must be interpreted in relation to what each clock measures.

Abstract:

This paper addresses the practical challenge of inadequate motivation for energy enterprises to reduce pollution and carbon emissions in the context of increasing environmental pollution and carbon emissions. From the perspective of the informal institution of reputation incentives, this paper constructs a tripartite evolutionary game model involving energy enterprises, the public and the government. Through theoretical derivation and numerical simulation, the paper systematically analyzes the influence path of reputational gains and losses on enterprises' technological transformation decisions, and examines the moderating effects of key parameters such as transformation costs and government subsidies. The conclusions are as follows: (1) The reputation incentive mechanism regulates the cost-profit structure of enterprises through the dual effects of reputation gains and losses, and has a significant driving effect on the technological transformation and pollution reduction and carbon emission reduction of energy enterprises. (2) The three-party strategy exhibits dynamic dependence and collaborative evolution characteristics. The system converges to the ideal equilibrium of enterprise transformation, public participation, and government empowerment, depending on the relative magnitudes and coupling relationships of key parameters such as transformation costs. (3) Government subsidies provide short-term incentives for enterprises to undergo transformation, but they also impose long-term constraints. Therefore, government subsidies need to be combined with the reputation incentive mechanism to achieve sustainable governance. These findings provide a theoretical foundation and practical reference for designing incentive-compatible policy combinations and promoting the deep low-carbon transformation of energy enterprises.

Abstract: Keith numbers form a rare class of integers defined by a digit-generated linear recurrence in which the original number reappears within its own sequence. Although known for several decades, their structural properties and the mechanisms underlying their extreme sparsity remain poorly understood.In this work, we introduce a dynamical reformulation of Keith sequences by embedding the digit recurrence into a discrete state-space system governed by a companion matrix. Within this framework, the recurrence trajectory can be interpreted as an orbit of a finite-dimensional linear dynamical system. This representation enables the introduction of trajectory observables—including informational inertia, an admissibility field, and a stability functional—which characterize the evolution of the sequence.Using this formulation, we analyze the spectral structure of the recurrence operator and show that the reappearance of the original integer corresponds to a transient intersection between the expanding trajectory and a fixed identity hyperplane in state space. Representative numerical scans over increasing integer ranges confirm that such identity-return events are extremely rare and occur only under tightly constrained dynamical conditions.These results suggest that Keith numbers can be interpreted as non-generic return events in a linear dynamical system determined by digit-based initial conditions. The proposed framework provides a dynamical explanation for their empirical sparsity and offers a basis for studying digit recurrences using tools from dynamical systems, spectral analysis, and computational number theory.

Abstract: Computational methods for big data music research mostly come from the field of music information retrieval. Through feature extraction and machine learning, many practical tasks have been automated, like genre recognition and playlist generation. However, for musicological purposes, conventional features do not provide enough insight into the music production process. In this study, we evaluate how well Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients and recording studio features reveal aspects of early house and techno music from the United States of America and Germany. The explorative study is an exemplary case-study where music production plays an essential role. Further studies may reveal how much the findings transfer to other producer-driven music, like hip hop and electronic dance music.

Abstract: Engineering design increasingly uses generative AI to explore large form spaces, yet concept-driven generation is only useful if observers consistently perceive the intended attribute. We propose a ranking-based human validation layer that tests whether AI-generated concept-intensity gradients are interpretable, reliable, and usable. For each Product–Concept pair, a controlled generative workflow produced six variants intended to increase concept expression (A–F). In an online study, 26 design engineers ranked the variants by perceived intensity, with an optional not-applicable (NA) flag when category recognition failed. We analyse rankings with heatmap diagnostics, inter-observer agreement, monotonic alignment with the intended order, and Plackett–Luce aggregation with uncertainty, while using NA trends to bound operational ranges. Across nine pairs, most gradients aligned with the intended direction, but performance depended on the concept and product context, revealing both stable and failure-prone segments. The approach provides an evidence-based gate for concept implementation in AI-generative design.

Abstract: The integration of three-dimensional (3D) printing and virtual surgical planning (VSP) has introduced a new standard in spinal surgery, enabling highly individualized preoperative preparation and intraoperative execution. By virtually reconstructing patient anatomy, surgeons can identify critical vascular corridors, analyze endplate morphology, determine optimal interbody cage geometry for best anatomical fit, and predefine screw trajectories and entry points with exceptional accuracy. This level of planning reduces intraoperative uncertainty and minimizes the risk of implant malposition, particularly in anatomically complex scenarios, such as the current case report. Quantitative assessment of alignment correction can also be performed preoperatively, allowing the surgeon to model and predict postoperative spinal balance with greater precision. This technology is particularly advantageous in congenital spinal anomalies, such as hemivertebrae, where orientation can be challenging and anatomical landmarks are often distorted or partially obscured. We report the application of 3D printed patient-specific implants (PSIs) in conjunction with VSP to perform a single-level, stand-alone anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) for the treatment of congenital scoliosis due to a left hemivertebra, associated with progressive left L5/S1 foraminal stenosis. The patient presented with severe left L5 radicular pain and motor–sensory radiculopathy. The use of a PSI facilitated precise reconstruction of the spinal column, optimized implant fit and enhanced surgical accuracy in this technically complex case.

Abstract: Background/Objectives: Severe asthma in routine practice often involves long-standing disease, multimorbidity, and prior biologic failure, settings underrepresented in pivotal tezepelumab trials. This study evaluated 52 week real world effectiveness and safety of tezepelumab in a highly comorbid, predominantly T2 high, biologic experienced severe asthma cohort from the Canary Islands. Methods: TEZNERIFE is a multicenter, retrospective phase IV study including consecutive adolescents and adults with GINA Step 5 severe uncontrolled asthma treated with tezepelumab 210 mg every 4 weeks for 12 months. Clinical outcomes, lung function, type 2 biomarkers, upper airway symptoms, and Biologics Asthma Response Score (BARS) were assessed at baseline, 26 weeks, and 52 weeks. Results: Fifty six patients (mean age 53.5 years, 71% female, mean asthma duration 30 years, 84% T2 high; 71% with ≥1 prior biologic) were analyzed. ACT improved from 11.5±3.7 to 15.9±4.7 at 26 weeks and 17.5±4.7 at 52 weeks (both p<0.0001), while annualized exacerbations declined from 2.79±2.0 to 0.50±0.72 and 0.51±0.89 (both p<0.0001). Maintenance oral corticosteroid dose fell from 10.2±8.3 to 6.9±2.4 mg/day at 52 weeks (p=0.014). FEV1% predicted increased from 69.3±19.2% to 75.3±17.7% and 76.2±20.6% (p=0.004 and p=0.001), and blood eosinophils decreased from 234±231 to 146±120 and 147±110 cells/µL (p=0.001 and p=0.013). At one year, 18.9% and 67.9% were classified as good and intermediate responders by BARS; 13.2% were insufficient responders. Two patients discontinued due to non serious adverse events while no treatment related serious events occurred. Conclusions: In this difficult to treat, multimorbid, biologic experienced population, tezepelumab achieved sustained improvements in asthma control, exacerbations, lung function, eosinophilic inflammation, and corticosteroid exposure over 52 weeks, supporting upstream alarmin inhibition as a versatile strategy in complex severe asthma.

Abstract:

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen with both intrinsic and acquired antimicrobial resistance. High-risk clones are associated with carbapenem resistance because they frequently harbour and disseminate carbapenemase genes and other resistance determinants, enabling their persistence and spread in healthcare settings. Carbapenem-resistant strains have limited treatment options. However, genomic data on high-risk clones circulating in Ghana remain limited. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2023 and January 2024 in eight government hospitals in Accra, Ghana. Clinical isolates were collected from multiple specimen types and identified using standard antimicrobial susceptibility testing in accordance with CLSI guidelines to determine resistance profiles, and subsequently confirmed by MALDI-TOF-MS, Whole-genome sequencing was carried out using the Illumina NextSeq 2000 platform. Bioinformatic analyses were then conducted to determine sequence types, identify antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors, and assess phylogenetic relationships among the isolates. Results: High-risk international clones (ST235, ST244, ST308, and ST773) predominated. Low SNP differences (≤10 SNPs) indicated recent clonal transmission within and between hospitals. Serotype O11 was dominant and strongly associated with high-risk clones. Isolates carried multiple resistance determinants, including aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes and ESBL genes (blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-1B) — carbapenemase genes, particularly blaNDM-1, coexisted with blaOXA-50 variants. Findings demonstrate local clonal expansion, global relatedness, and the emergence of a novel sequence type (ST5336) in Ghana. Conclusion: High-risk clones, especially ST773, are widely circulating in hospitals across Accra, indicating ongoing transmission and clonal expansion. The emergence of the novel ST5336, emphasize the urgent need for enhanced genomic surveillance and antimicrobial stewardship in Ghana. Significance of this research article: This work strengthens the evidence base needed to inform infection prevention strategies, antimicrobial stewardship programs, and the implementation of routine genomic surveillance to curb the spread of high-risk, carbapenem-resistant clones in Ghana and similar resource-limited settings.