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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0129.v1

Impact of Lockdown due to COVID-19 Outbreak : Lifestyle Changes and Public Health Concerns in India

Latha Narayanan, Mansi Pandit, Subhro Basu, Arijeet Karmakar, Vanshika Bidhan, Hrithik Kumar, Kousheen Brar

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: COVID-19; Pandemic; Lockdown; Lifestyle changes; Public Health; Society

Online: 10 June 2020 (09:22:11 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0607.v1

Nurses, Covid-19 Pandemic and Saudi Arabia

Ahmad Aboshaiqah, Mohammed G Alghamdi

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Nursing Keywords: Nurses; Covid-19 pandemic

Online: 24 December 2020 (08:54:34 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0497.v1

Taking the Inner Route: Spatial and Demographic Factors Affecting Vulnerability to COVID-19 Among 604 Cities from Inner São Paulo State, Brazil

Carlos Magno Castelo Branco Fortaleza, Raul Borges Guimarães, Gabriel Berg de Almeida, Micheli Pronunciate, Cláudia Pio Ferreira

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: COVID-19; Epidemiology; Ecologic study

Online: 28 April 2020 (10:23:16 CEST)

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Objectives: The impact of COVID-19 in metropolitan areas has been extensively studied. The geographic spread to smaller cities is of great concern and may follow hierarchical influence of urban centers. With that in mind, we investigated factors that affect vulnerability of inner municipalities in São Paulo State, Brazil, an area with 24 million inhabitants. Methods: Surveillance data for confirmed COVID-19 cases and admissions for severe acute respiratory disease (SARD) up to April 18^th were recorded for each of 604 municipalities that lay outside São Paulo metropolitan area. Vulnerability was assessed in Multivariable models, including sociodemographic indexes, road distance to the State Capital and the municipalities classification proposed by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Municipalities of great regional relevance were used as reference category for that classification. The outcome of interest for Cox regression was having COVID-cases, with time counting from the first report in São Paulo State. For binomial negative regression models, the outcomes of interest were rates of confirmed COVID-19 cases and admissions for SARD.Results: A total of 198 (32.8%) municipalities had autochthonous COVID-19 cases. In Cox models, affected municipalities were likely to have greater population density (Hazard Ratio[HR] for each 100 inhabitants per square kilometer, 1.07; 95% Confidence Interval [CI], (1.05-1.10)), proportion of inhabitants in urban area (HR, 1.02; 95%CI, 1.00-1.04), higher human development index (HDI, HR for 1%, 1.06; 95%CI, 1.00-1.13) and Gini Index for Inequality of income (HR for 1%, 1.04, 95% CI, 1.00-1.07). On the other hand, distance from the Capital was protective (HR for each 100Km, 0.82; 95%CI, 0.74-0.90). The HR95%[95%CI] also varied negatively according to the categories of influence of major centers (0.41 [0.22-0.77], 0.16 [0.09-0.32], 0.07 [0.03-0.15]). The binomial negative regression models for COVID-19 incidence also detected positive association with population density (Incidence Rate Ratio[IRR], 1.13; 95%CI, 1.07-1.18) and proportion of urban population (IRR, 1.04; 95%CI, 1.01-1.05), protection for cities distant to the Capital (IRR=0.73; 95%CI, 0.68-0.81) and increasing negative association for categories of influence (0.19 [0.09-0.42], 0.07 [0.03-0.15] and 0.03 [0.02-0.08]). Similar findings were detected when we used SARD incidence as outcome.Conclusion: Municipalities with greater population, density and regional influence were more likely to be affected earlier and more intensely by COVID-19. Non-pharmacological measures should be strengthened in those areas of greater risk.

Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0436.v1

Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) in India

Noble K. Kurian

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: COVID-19; corona virus; India

Online: 29 March 2020 (11:31:15 CEST)

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Preprint DATASET | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0263.v1

Coronavirus: Public Arabic Twitter Dataset

Aseel Addawood

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: Twitter; Arabic; COVID-19

Online: 16 April 2020 (08:15:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0480.v1

Global COVID-19 Pandemic Outcomes: Dissecting a Failed Strategy

James A Thorp, Margery M. Thorp, Elise M. Thorp, Ajovi Scott-Emuakpor, K.E. Thorp

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: COVID-19 death rates; COVID-19 vaccines; hydroxychloroquine; ivermectin; rates of COVID-19 testing; containment measures; social distancing; travel restriction,

Online: 25 November 2022 (10:16:41 CET)

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Objectives to assess COVID-19 mortality rates per country population. To determine what if any independent country-specific variables from 9 different databases were correlated. Design population based retrospective cohort study. Setting analysis of global COVID-19 treatment and containment strategies using data from 9 worldwide websites. Participants 108 countries worldwide. Interventions none. Main Outcome Measures were COVID-19 death rates per country population analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis. The main outcome parameters were to determine if there are any correlations between the percentage of countrywide COVID-19 deaths/population by the countries’ percent vaccinated. Secondary outcome measures include the effect of other independent variables on COVID-19 death rates per country population including: health expenditures per capita, annual income per capita, COVID-19 tests per 1000 people, stringency index (a measure of each countries containment strategies), hydroxychloroquine score (a measure of each countries use), ivermectin score (a measure of each countries use), hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and specific countries and geographic locations. Results COVID-19 vaccination rates ranged from 0-99% in 108 countries. Univariate analysis demonstrates the following independent variables to correlate with COVID-19 deaths/population (correlation coefficient, p value): countrywide COVID-19 vaccination rates (+0.2936, p=0.002); healthcare costs per capita (+0.3212, p=0.0007), income per capita (+0.3051, p=0.0013), COVID-19 tests per 1000 population (+0.6981 p=0.0307); stringency index (+0.3098, p=0.0011); hydroxychloroquine index (-0.1337, p=0.0678); and ivermectin index (-0.1383, p=0.1535). Conclusions Increasing rates of COVID-19 vaccination are associated with increase COVID-19 death rates per country population (p=0.002). Other variables associated include healthcare costs per capita (+0.3212, p=0.0007), income per capita (+0.3051, p=0.0013), COVID-19 tests per 1000 population (+0.6981 p=0.0307); and stringency index (+0.3098, p=0.0011).

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0111.v1

Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Effects on Physical and Mental Health of Slovak School Children

Ludmila Sevcikova, Jana Babjakova, Jana Jurkovicova, Martin Samohyl, Zuzana Stefanikova, Erika Machacova, Diana Vondrova, Etela Janekova, Katarina Hirosova, Alexandra Filova, Michael Weitzman, Lubica Argalasova

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS); Slovak school children; mental health; physical health; Columbia Impairment Scale; Behavioral Problem Index

Online: 7 May 2018 (09:23:27 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0306.v1

Quarantine and COVID-19

Michelle Flores, Sepideh Alasvand Zarasvand

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Quarantine; COVID-19; Physical activity

Online: 12 February 2021 (14:39:16 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201903.0165.v1

Self-Reported Exposure to ETS (Environmental Tobacco Smoke), Urinary Cotinine and Oxidative Stress Parameters in Pregnant Women – the Pilot Study

Lubica Argalasova, Ingrid Zitnanova, Diana Vondrova, Monika Dvorakova, Lucia Laubertova, Jana Jurkovicova, Juraj Stofko, Michael Weitzman, Martin Simko

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS); pregnant women; questionnaire; urinary cotinine; oxidative stress parameters

Online: 15 March 2019 (14:03:35 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0228.v1

Identifying Information Superspreaders of COVID-19 from Arabic Tweets

Sarah Alqurashi, Abdulaziz Alashaikh, Eisa Alanazi

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Superspreaders; COVID-19; Influencers

Online: 11 July 2020 (04:19:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0540.v1

Prevalence of Smokeless Tobacco Use in India and Its Association With Occupations: A LASI Study

Bhavna Bharati, Kirti Sundar Sahu, Sanghamitra Pati

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Smokeless tobacco; India; Ageing; Occupation; Tobacco consumption

Online: 30 August 2021 (11:49:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0382.v1

Health Inequality as the Consequence of Drinking and Smoking in Case of the Czech Republic

Beata Gavurova, Miriama Tarhanicova, Adam Kulhanek, Roman Gabrhelik

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: alcohol, tobacco, mortality, mortality as health indicator, health inequality

Online: 13 November 2020 (13:35:27 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0567.v1

The Perception of Nursing Leaders towards Communication and Relationship Management Competencies while using Digital Platforms during COVID-19 pandemic in Qatar

Laith Fihmi Daradkeh, Ralph C. Villar, Abdulqadir J. J. Nashwan

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Nursing Keywords: Nurses; Leadership; COVID-19; Management; Communication

Online: 30 November 2021 (12:14:55 CET)

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Purpose: To evaluate nursing leaders' perception towards communication and relationship management competencies while using digital platforms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Background: Communication and relationship management competencies among nursing leaders will ensure healthcare models are successfully implemented. Nursing leaders can achieve effective leadership by mastering these competencies leading to an overall improvement in the quality of nursing care. However, digital platforms have been rapidly evolving in the healthcare ecosystem and have been significant during the battle with COVID-19. It is crucial to ensure that nursing leaders can use digital platforms to communicate and practice efficient management in their op-erations, especially during a crisis when their services are vital. Design: Descriptive, comparative study. Methods: The study was conducted between February to March 2021. A 5-item Linkert-type questionnaire was adopted from the American Organization for Nursing Executives (2005) and was sent to identified nursing leaders in Hamad Medical Corporation through the official email. Results: Two hundred fifty nurse leaders were invited to participate, but only 116 responded positively, translating to a response rate of 46.4%. The male participants represented a larger proportion of 64.10%, while the female was 35.90%. Regarding the questionnaire, the Cronbach alpha was α ˃ 0.987, indicating that all items revealed a sufficient level of internal consistency. The respondents had a minimum of 0 and a maximum of 52.6n in the communication and relationship management items. Influencing behavior, relationship management, and effective communica-tion had the lowest scores, which indicate low competency. The F value in ANOVA analysis was close to 1.0, implying that the null hypothesis is true. The significance value is <0.5 implying that there is a difference in response on effective communication proficiency of nurse leaders. Conclusions: Digital platforms are communication tools that are widely adopted to engage and reach nurses on numerous topics. Nurse leaders should capitalize on their benefits and generate critical discussions. The continued need to research nursing leadership competencies is critical as healthcare continues to change and evolve. Educational institutions and healthcare organizations must understand that nursing leaders should strive for professional development and knowledge acquisition to improve their communication and management.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0374.v2

Natural and Organic Cosmetics: Definition and Concepts

Cleber Barros, Rosana Bevenuto Guilhen Barros

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Other Keywords: natural cosmetics; organic cosmetics; green cosmetics; cosmetology; certification

Online: 27 May 2020 (05:02:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0413.v1

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices regarding Long-Term Complications of COVID-19 among a Sub-Urban Population in Sri Lanka

Chamindri Witharana, Kithmini Siridewa, Manuj Weerasinghe, Indika Karunathilake

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: long COVID; COVID 19 vaccination; COVID awareness

Online: 24 December 2021 (23:40:18 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0075.v1

Why Italy First? Health, Geographical and Planning aspects of the Covid-19 outbreak

Beniamino Murgante

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Covid-19; Italy; Po-Valley; NOx; Pollution; Particles; Land Take; Spatial Diffusion Processes; LISA.

Online: 5 May 2020 (12:33:07 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

A Study to Establish Local Healthcare Projects in the with-COVID-19 Age : Based on Health Recognition of Local Residents in the Korea

Bo-Woo Lee

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: COVID-19; with- COVID-19 age; infectious disease; local healthcare projects; healthcare systems

Online: 16 September 2021 (14:59:34 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0417.v1

Acute Care Physiotherapy Management of COVID-19 Patients in Qatar: Best Practice Recommendations

Ajimsha MS, Neeraj Gampawar, Praveen Surendran, Prasobh Jacob, Vasileios Karpouzis, Mohamed Haneef, Muhamed Aleef, Shameem Ali, Reshma Praveen, Eladel Bouguerra, Noora Almudahka

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Nursing Keywords: Coronavirus; COVID-19; SARS-Cov-2; infection; Physiotherapy; rehabilitation

Online: 23 April 2020 (15:22:55 CEST)

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Working Paper REVIEW

Controlled COVID-19 Infection in Hospitals Could Achieve A Safer Exit Strategy in the Near-Term: Assessing Risks and Benefits

Eleftherios Diamandis

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: COVID-19 infection; immunity; risk of COVID-19 infection; pandemics; outbreaks; voluntary infection

Online: 13 May 2020 (05:53:07 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0094.v1

Covid-19 Situation in Bangladesh

Abdul Kader Mohiuddin

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: COVID-19 Lockdown; Shortage of PPEs; Global Pandemic Crisis; Incentives for Officials at Risk

Online: 6 May 2020 (08:45:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0778.v1

Analysis of Public Opinion on Fake Information during the Covid-19 Pandemic: Literature Review

Nadhira Meizahra, Tia Ivanka Wardani, Moses Glorino Rumambo Pandin

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Covid-19, fake news, health protocols, belief

Online: 29 April 2021 (14:31:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0122.v1

The Awareness of Millennial Generation during Covid-19 Pandemic towards State Defense Character

Pingky Wicahyanti, Nur Rahim, Moses Pandin

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: state defense, millennial, covid-19 pandemic, character

Online: 7 May 2021 (08:57:27 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0415.v1

Knowledge Levels of Acceptance and Hesitancy of COVID-19 Vaccine Among General Population of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Adi Essam Zarei, Bayan Sajer, Feda Alharshani, Afrah Alshehri, Lamar Faidah, Wafa Alshehri

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: COVID-19; Coronavirus; Vaccine hesitancy; COVID-19 Vaccine; Saudi Arabia

Online: 31 May 2022 (09:22:49 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0788.v1

The Lipid-Heart Hypothesis and the Keys Equation Defined the Dietary Guidelines but Ignored the Impact of Trans-fat and High Linoleic Acid Consumption

Academic Editor: Mary T Newport, Fabian M Dayrit

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: lipid-heart hypothesis; Ancel Keys; saturated fat; trans-fat; polyunsaturated fat; cholesterol; heart disease; dietary guidelines

Online: 11 April 2024 (10:20:34 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0336.v1

Readymade Garments Sector and COVID-19 in Bangladesh

Md. Lutfor Rahman Shimanta, Hridoy Gope, Israt Jahan Sumaiya

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: Readymade Garments; Covid-19; Worker; Employment; Economy; Bangladesh

Online: 28 June 2020 (10:07:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0031.v1

Sentiment Analysis of Tweets in Saudi Arabia Regarding Governmental Preventive Measures to Contain COVID-19

Mohammed Alhajji, Abdullah Al Khalifah, Mohammed Aljubran, Mohammed Alkhalifah

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: Saudi Arabia, COVID-19, Sentiment Analysis, Twitter, Measures

Online: 3 April 2020 (11:45:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0091.v1

Assessing the Effectiveness of Tobacco 21 Laws to Reduce Underage Access to Tobacco: Protocol for a Repeated Multi-Site Study

Mary Hrywna, Amanda Kong, Christopher Ackerman, Shawna Hudson, Cristine Delnevo

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: tobacco age of sale; tobacco policy; youth; young adults

Online: 7 June 2022 (03:44:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0147.v1

Prediction and Spread Visualization of Covid-19 Pandemic Using Machine Learning

Anit N Roy, Jais Jose, Aswin Sunil, Neha Gautam, Deepa Nathalia, Arjun Suresh

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: COVID-19; Machine Learning; Pandemic; Additive regression model; Dynamic Map

Online: 9 May 2020 (04:30:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201708.0070.v1

Stretch-Shortening Cycle in Countermovement Jump: Exclusive Review of Force-Time Curve Variables in Eccentric and Concentric Phases

Mahdi Cheraghi, Javad Sarvestan, Masoud Sebyani, Elham Shirzad

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy And Rehabilitation Keywords: stretch-shortening cycle; countermovement jump; force-time curve variables; eccentric; concentric; volleyball

Online: 21 August 2017 (09:08:50 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0016.v1

What Primary Care Practitioners Need to Know about the New NICE Guideline for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in Adults

Caroline Claire Kingdon, Adam Lowe, Charles Shepherd, Luis Nacul

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Primary Health Care Keywords: ME/CFS; ME; understanding; diagnosis; management; disabling; stigma

Online: 1 November 2022 (04:27:10 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201707.0042.v1

Health Risk Assessment of VOCs from Surgical Smoke

Shaohua She, Gang Lu, Wah Yang, Mianwei Hong, Lingfei Zhu

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: surgical smoke; volatile organic compounds (VOCs); health risk assessment (HRA); carcinogenic

Online: 17 July 2017 (07:40:18 CEST)

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Working Paper REVIEW

Review of Potential High-Leverage and Inexpensive Mitigations for Reducing Risk in Epidemics and Pandemics

David Manheim, David Denkenberger

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: Mitigation; Risk Reduction; Global Catastrophic Biological Risk; Epidemics; Disease X; Literature Review; Pandemics; Value of Information; Existential Risk

Online: 28 February 2020 (12:32:33 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0114.v1

Using Concept Mapping to Develop a Human Rights Based Indicator Framework to Assess Country Efforts to Strengthen Rehabilitation Provision and Policy: The Rehabilitation System Diagnosis and Dialogue (RESYST) Framework

Dimitrios Skempes, John Melvin, Per Von Groote, Gerold Stucki, Jerome Bickenbach

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy And Rehabilitation Keywords: rehabilitation; indicators; health systems; right to health; monitoring; health services for persons with disability; human rights; accountability

Online: 12 January 2018 (08:10:28 CET)

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Background: Access to rehabilitation is crucial for the realization of the right to health and a proper concern of global health. Yet, reliable information to guide rehabilitation service planning is unavailable in many countries in part due to the lack of appropriate indicators. To ensure universal health coverage and meet the central imperative of “leaving no one behind” countries must be able to assess key aspects of rehabilitation policy and provision and monitor how they have discharged their human rights responsibilities towards those most disadvantaged, including people with disability. This article describes the process of developing an expert guided indicator framework to assess governments’ efforts and progress in strengthening rehabilitation in line with the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Methods: A systems methodology - concept mapping - was used to capture, aggregate and confirm the knowledge of diverse stakeholders on measures thought to be useful for monitoring the implementation of the Convention with respect to health related rehabilitation. 56 individuals generated a list of 107 indicators through online brainstorming which were subsequently sorted by 37 experts from the original panel into non overlapping categories. 41 participants rated the indicators for importance and feasibility. Multivariate statistical techniques where used to explore patterns and themes in the data and create the indicators’ organizing framework which was verified and interpreted by participants. Results: A concept map of 11 clusters of indicators emerged from the analysis grouped into three broader themes: Governance and Leadership (3 clusters); Service Delivery, Financing and Oversight (6 clusters); and Human Resources (2 clusters). The RESYST was comprehensive and well aligned with the Convention. On average, there was a moderately positive correlation between importance and feasibility of the indicators (r=.58) with experts prioritizing the indicators contained in the clusters of the Governance and Leadership domain. Two of the most important indicators arose from the Service Delivery, Financing and Oversight domain and reflect the need to monitor unmet needs and barriers in access to rehabilitation. In total, 59 indicators achieved above average score for importance and comprised the two–tiered priority set of indicators. Conclusion: Concept mapping was successful in generating a shared model that enables a system’s view of the most critical legal, policy and programmatic factors that must be addressed when assessing country efforts to reform, upscale and improve rehabilitation services. The RESYST provides a data driven basis for the development of standardized data collection tools to facilitate comparative analysis of rehabilitation systems.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.3390/sci1010030

Health Insurance Coverage Before and After the Affordable Care Act

Jesse Patrick, Philip Q. Yang

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: health insurance coverage; determinants; the Affordable Care Act; Obamacare; partial implementation; full implementation

Online: 10 June 2019 (00:00:00 CEST)

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Preprint ESSAY | doi:10.20944/preprints202001.0107.v1

Ten Recommendations for Supporting Open Pathogen Genomic Analysis in Public Health Settings

Allison Black, Duncan R. MacCannell, Thomas R. Sibley, Trevor Bedford

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: pathogen genomics; public health; bioinformatics

Online: 11 January 2020 (11:30:10 CET)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.3390/sci2020040

Coronavirus Disease (COVID 19): Handling Challenges in Kuwait

Janvier Gasana, Maryam Shehab

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: coronavirus; COVID 19; 2019-nCoV; novel (new) coronavirus; pandemic control

Online: 5 June 2020 (00:00:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0068.v1

Effectiveness of Public and Co-operative Health Insurance Models in Nepal: A Concurrent Mixed Study

Chhabi Ranabhat, Chun-Bae Kim, Myung-Bae Park

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: community-based health insurance; cooperative; benefit package; social inclusion; healthcare; Nepal

Online: 6 August 2016 (11:54:03 CEST)

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Background: Health insurance (HI) run by government is providing health care service to large population. Due to poor accountability, participation and sustainability, cooperative health insurance is becoming more popular and effective in low and middle income and some high-income countries too. In Nepal, there are public and cooperative HI is in practice. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of public (government) and cooperative HI in relation to benefit packages, population coverage, inclusiveness, health care utilization, and promptness for treatment in these two health insurance models in Nepal. Method: This is an institution based concurrent mixed study consists of qualitative and quantitative variables from public and cooperative groups. We included all public HI operated by government hospitals and cooperatives groups those purchased hospital service in contract. Two separate study tools were applied to access the effectiveness of insurance models. The key questions were asked for the representatives of government and private health insurance. The numeric information consisted of in quantitative data and subjective response was included in qualitative approach. Descriptive statistics and Mean Whitney U test was applied in numeric data and qualitative information were analyzed by inductive approach Results: The study revealed that new enrolment was not increased, health care utilization rate was increased and the benefit package was almost same in both groups. The overall inclusiveness was higher for the government HI, but enrolment from the religious minority, proportion of negotiated amount during treatment were significantly higher (p<0.05). During illness, the response time to reach hospital was significantly faster in cooperative health insurance than government health insurance. Qualitative findings showed that level of participation, accountability, transparency and recording system was better in cooperative health insurance than public. Conclusion: Cooperative HI could be more sustainable and accountable to the community for all; low, middle and high-income countries.

Working Paper REVIEW

Potential Remedial Measures for the Epidemic Outbreaks of Novel Coronavirus by Control Fire Technique

Khan M.G. Mostofa

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Coronavirus; Remedial measures; Disinfection/sterilization; Control fire/flame technique; Chemical technique

Online: 11 February 2020 (09:33:51 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0594.v1

The GRE in Public Health Admissions: Barriers, Waivers, and Moving Forward

Jess Millar

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: GRE; graduate applications; Graduate Record Exam; waiver; grad applications

Online: 25 September 2020 (04:50:08 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0369.v1

COVID-19: Implications for Food, Water, Hygiene, Sanitation, and Environmental Safety in Africa: A Case Study in Ghana

Courage Kosi Setsoafia Saba

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: COVID-19; food; water; hygiene; sanitation; environment; Ghana; Africa

Online: 23 May 2020 (10:21:50 CEST)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0415.v1

How to Further Reduce the Risk of Serious COVID-19 Infections: Exploiting the Fragile Viral Envelope and the Self-Cleaning Mechanisms of Our Respiratory System

Viola Vogel

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: coronavirus; self-defense mechanisms of the human body

Online: 29 March 2020 (03:12:09 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0276.v1

A Critical Analysis of Using Roy's Adaptation Model in Nursing Research as an Empirical for Clinical Practice: a Systematic Review

Idyatul Hasanah, Nursalam Nursalam, Moses G. R. Pandin, Dina A. Ikhwani, Tita Rohita

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Nursing Keywords: Roy's Adaptation Model; Nursing Research; Nursing Clinical Practice; Nursing Theory

Online: 20 May 2022 (09:44:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0185.v1

University Community-Based Survey on the Knowledge, Attitude and Perception about COVID-19 Pandemic: The Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria as a Case Study

Olubukola Tolulope Adenubi, Oluwawemimo Oluwaseun Adebowale, Abimbola Adetokunbo Oloye, Noah Olumide Bankole, Patience Oluwatoyin Ayo-Ajayi, Adebayo Koyuum Akinloye

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Attitude; COVID-19; Knowledge; Nigeria; Perception; University

Online: 14 June 2020 (16:06:03 CEST)

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The coronavirus disease (COVID-19), an emerging viral infection, is impacting the social, economic and political patterns of the world. To contain the spread of this pandemic, Nigeria like many countries globally, has imposed drastic preventive measures such as physical distancing and lockdown/curfew. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude and perception (KAP) about COVID-19 among members of staff of a university community in southwest, Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey using an anonymous, self-designed, online KAP questionnaire was conducted from April 18 to May 31, 2020. Purposive and chain referral sampling techniques were used to recruit respondents from the teaching and non-teaching categories of the university. The KAP questionnaire consisted of ten knowledge questions regarding the identification of clinical characteristics, transmission and prevention of COVID-19. The questions on attitude (15) and perception (10) assessed respondents on adherence to policies and their views on government efforts to contain the spread of the infection respectively. A total of 125 (teaching) and 102 (non-teaching) staff responded. The respondents had scientific (78.8 %) and non-scientific (28.2 %) work background. Approximately 59.1 % of the respondents were males. The mean knowledge and positive attitude levels were 70.8 % (SD ± 9.6 %) and 83.1 % (SD ± 13.07 %) respectively. Significant differences in the knowledge mean scores were observed for demographic categories such as educational qualification (p = 0.0006), staff work category (p = <0.0001), work background (p = <0.0001), and type of lockdown (p = 0.0271). Most of the respondents (85.3 %) opined that COVID-19 was a biological weapon and viewed the lockdown as necessary (81.5 %). However, they thought that the Nigerian government was not doing enough to mitigate COVID-19 spread. The perception of COVID-19 in the university community bear implications across public health initiatives, compliance with precautionary behaviour and bilateral relations with foreign nations.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0200.v1

Why Has COVID-19 Spread More Extensively in Europe than Asia?

Chris Kenyon

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19 mortality rate; testing intensity; epidemiology; Europe; Asia

Online: 11 May 2020 (13:23:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0079.v1

Multiple Disparities in Adult Mortality in Relation to Social and Health Care: Results from Different Data Sources

Chhabi Ranabhat, Chun-Bae Kim, Myung-Bae Park, Chang-Soo Kim, Hyoung Sun Jeong, Sang Baek Koh, Sei-Jin Chang

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: adult mortality; disparity; political instability; universal health coverage; cross-country study

Online: 8 August 2016 (12:01:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0111.v1

Stakeholders’ Perception on National Heatwave Plans and Their Local Implementation in Belgium and The Netherlands

Joris Adriaan Frank Van Loenhout, José Manuel Rodriguez-Llanes, Debarati Guha-Sapir

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Heatwaves; health protection; perception; key informant interviews

Online: 26 October 2016 (09:52:01 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.3390/sci2030055

Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Handling Challenges in Kuwait

Janvier Gasana, Maryam Shehab

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: coronavirus; COVID-19; 2019-nCoV; novel (new) coronavirus; pandemic control

Online: 14 July 2020 (00:00:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0123.v1

Using Radiofrequency Identification Automated Technologies for Predictive Analytics of Signaling Factors to Determining In-Patient Post Treatment Sleep Quality

Haley Hudson, Erick Jones, Dawit Aberra, Shalini Gupta, Felicia Jefferson

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Other Keywords: EMG; EEG; ECG; EOG; polysomnography

Online: 25 December 2016 (08:34:20 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0060.v1

Fighting the SARS CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic with Soap

Narendra Kumar Chaudhary, Nabina Chaudhary, Manis Dahal, Biswash Guragain, Sumie Rai, Rahul Chaudhary, K.M. Sachin, Reena Lamichhane-Khadka, Ajaya Bhattarai

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-Cov-2; soap; hand washing; WHO

Online: 5 May 2020 (04:09:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0248.v1

Effect of Age, Sex, and COVID-19 Vaccination History on All-Cause Mortality: Unexpected Outcomes in a Complex Biological and Social System

Rodney P Jones, Andrey Ponomarenko

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: COVID–19; vaccination; all-cause mortality; age; gender; complex system; pathogen interference; seasonality; miRNAs; nonspecific vaccine effects

Online: 12 April 2023 (07:06:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0295.v1

Assessing COVID-19 Vaccine Literacy: A Preliminary Online Survey

Luigi Roberto Biasio, Guglielmo Bonaccorsi, Chiara Lorini, Sergio Pecorelli

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: vaccine literacy; vaccination beliefs; Covid-19 perceptions; online survey

Online: 14 July 2020 (06:02:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201711.0087.v3

Real-Life/Real-Time Elderly Fall Detection with a Triaxial Accelerometer

Angela Sucerquia, Jose David López, Francisco Vargas-Bonilla

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: triaxial accelerometer; wearable devices; fall detection; mobile health-care; SisFall; Kalman filter

Online: 6 February 2018 (05:37:13 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0386.v1

A New Health Assessment Prediction Approach: Multi-Scale Ensemble Extreme Learning Machine

BERGHOUT Tarek

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: remaining useful life; c-mapss; extreme learning machine; prognostic and health management; neural networks

Online: 24 May 2020 (16:24:08 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0337.v1

Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizers – A Multidimensional Perspective

Nasser N. Nyamwweya, Kennedy O. Abuga

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Primary Health Care Keywords: hand sanitizers; hand rubs; alcohol based; disinfection; hand hygiene; coronavirus; COVID-19

Online: 15 September 2020 (09:07:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201701.0013.v1

Persons with Rheumatoid Arthritis Challenge the Relevance of the Health Assessment Questionnaire: A Qualitative Study of Patient Perception

David Ebbevi, Anna Essén, Helena Hvitfeldt Forsberg

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Nursing Keywords: Rheumatoid Arthritis; thematic analysis; Outcomes assessment; Qualitative Research; Patient reported outcome measures

Online: 3 January 2017 (11:32:52 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201902.0015.v1

Scoping Review of the Person-Centered Literature in Adult Physical Rehabilitation

Tiago Jesus, Felicity AS Bright, Cátia S Pinho, Christina Papadimitriou, Nicola M Kayes, Cheryl A Cott

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy And Rehabilitation Keywords: Rehabilitation; Review; Patient-Centered Care

Online: 1 February 2019 (10:53:15 CET)

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Objective: To map the literature pertaining to adult Person-Centered Rehabilitation (PCR).Data Sources: Following our previously published scoping review protocol, data were identified through: three major databases, snowball searches and expert consultation.Study Selection: Two independent reviewers identified English-language papers which addressed adult physical rehabilitation and met one or more of the six pre-defined inclusion categories for PCR content. Data Extraction: Two independent reviewers extracted key characteristics of included papers (e.g. aims, methods, participants). Quantitative methods (descriptive statistics, regression analysis) and qualitative content analyses were used to synthesize the results. Data synthesis: Of 5084 unique records initially screened, 145 papers were included: 111 empirical, including 11 systematic reviews. Empirical papers had data from 13498 clients and 3849 providers, in total. Yearly publications grew exponentially from 2000 to 2017 (r²= 0.65; p<0.01). Publications were unevenly distributed by countries (e.g. United States’ publications per population size was 45 times lower than New Zealand’s). Most papers focused in more than one profession, setting-type or health conditions, respectively 57.2%, 66.2%, and 60.7%. Finally, more than half of the empirical papers (53.2%) studied implementation of PCR approaches, including its effect. Conclusion: This scoping review synthesizes key characteristics and publication trends in the PCR literature, which is mainly empirical and growing exponentially over time. Stakeholders can use the identified trends, gaps, and literature map to guide further PCR research, and both clinical and organizational practices. The high prevalence of papers focused on multiple professions, settings-type, or health conditions reinforces the need for developing a transdisciplinary, trans-service model of PCR, which will be derived from a thematic analysis of this body of literature.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1433.v2

An Update on the Link between COVID-19 Vaccination and Mortality

Jarle Aarstad

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: COVID-19; full vaccination; booster vaccination; all-cause mortality; excess mortality

Online: 28 August 2023 (09:48:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0240.v1

Proposal for a National Diagnostics Action Plan for the United States

Gigi Gronvall, Sujeet Rao, Susan Van Meter, Adam Borden, Tom Inglesby

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: diagnostics, manufacturing, pandemic preparedness,

Online: 14 December 2022 (01:17:31 CET)

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Rapidly providing a definitive diagnostic test that can be used broadly by healthcare providers and members of the public in the setting of a disease emergency is critical to limit pathogen spread, develop and deploy medical countermeasures, and mitigate the social and economic harms of a serious epidemic or pandemic. There is extraordinary expertise within and outside of government working on these issues, and major accomplishments have been made to accelerate test development, expand laboratory testing capacity, and establish widespread point-of-care testing. Still, the United States does not have a plan to rapidly respond, to develop, manufacture, or deploy at national scale diagnostic testing in the earliest days of a new infectious disease crisis. Nor does the nation have a plan to sustain testing capacity at high volume over the course ofan enduring epidemic or pandemic. To address this gap, we are proposing a National Diagnostics Action Plan that describes the steps that are urgently needed to prepare for future infectious disease emergencies, as well as the actions we must take at the first signs of such events. These recommendations require substantial collaboration between the US government (USG) and the private sector to solve a series of challenges now, as well as to prepare for the massive and rapid scale-up of laboratory and point-of-care test development and testing capacity in future emergencies. The recommendations include establishing pre-event contracts; ensuring rapid access to clinical samples; creating a permanent public-private testing coordinating body to allow for rapid information sharing and improved cooperation among the USG, test developers, and clinical laboratories; and accelerating testing rollout at the beginning of an event—andthus, the effective public health management of a disease crisis. These recommendations were informed by extensive discussion with people who managed the COVID-19 and monkeypox responses, review of past reports written on diagnostic challenges, and the experiences of the authors.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0146.v1

Are Pharmacy Graduates from an Indonesian University Prepared to Deliver Patient Care?

Desak Ernawati, Ya Ping Lee, Bruce Sunderland, Jeff Hughes

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Nursing Keywords: pharmacy graduates; preparedness; patient care; Indonesia

Online: 30 December 2016 (06:12:04 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0061.v1

Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research to Evaluate a New Discharge Medication Prescription Pathway

Raliat Onatade

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: pharmacists; hospital pharmacy; United Kingdom; discharge prescriptions; prescribing; consolidated framework for implementation research; implementation strategies

Online: 8 May 2017 (11:59:12 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0435.v1

Combating COVID-19 Pandemic in Bangladesh: A Memorandum from Developing Country

Abu Tayab Moin, Mohammad Najmul Sakib, Yusha Araf, Bishajit Sarkar, Md. Asad Ullah

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: COVID-19; Bangladesh; SARS-CoV-2; Outbreak; Pandemic

Online: 27 May 2020 (04:23:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201902.0052.v1

Improvement of Equality in the Distribution of Human Resources in Polish Healthcare

Justyna Rój

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Primary Health Care Keywords: health care, human resources, inequality, Gini coefficient.

Online: 5 February 2019 (11:33:20 CET)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0185.v3

How Risky if China Moves Away from Its Zero-COVID Policy?

Ji-Ming Chen, Guo-Hui Li, Yu-Fei Ji, Ming-Hui Sun, Huan-Yu Gong, Rui-Xu Chen, Ji-Wang Chen

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: case fatality rate; co-infection; control; COVID-19; pandemic; policy; risk; vaccination

Online: 6 May 2022 (03:38:30 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0290.v1

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to Prevent the COVID-19. What Do Healthcare Workers Really Need to Protect Themselves and Survive?

Rami AL Edwan

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: PPE; personal protective equipment; WHO; CDC; healthcare workers; COVID-19

Online: 24 June 2020 (09:13:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0172.v1

Living Well As A Muslim Through The Era of Pandemic - A Japan Qualitative Study

Ahmad Ishtiaq, Gaku Masuda, Sugishita Tomohiko, Chaudhry Ahmed shabbir

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: Migrants; COVID-19 pandemic; Public Health; Islam

Online: 19 April 2022 (03:49:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0022.v1

Therapeutic Gardens – A healing environment for optimizing the health care experience of Alzheimer’s and dementia patients: A narrative review

Patrick Uwajeh, Mukaddes Polay, Timothy Onosahwo Iyendo

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy And Rehabilitation Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; dementia; therapeutic environment; Virtual reality; Stress recovery; therapeutic gardens

Online: 2 October 2018 (11:03:03 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0073.v1

Vaping Greed: Perception, Social Media, Marketing, Public Health, and Toxicity

Yehao Sun, Chad Newton, Prital Prabhu, Alannah Dalton, Desjamebra Robinson, Dongmei Li, Scott McIntosh, Irfan Rahman

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Vaping; e-cigarettes; addiction; social; flavors; nicotine; toxicity

Online: 6 April 2023 (05:40:10 CEST)

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Working Paper COMMUNICATION

Social Values Are Significant Factors in Control of COVID-19 Pandemic – Preliminary Results

Andrzej Jarynowski, Monika Wójta-Kempa, Daniel Płatek, Vitaly Belik

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: COVID-19; social values; cross-cultural studies

Online: 3 May 2020 (08:24:36 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0968.v1

Wearing Face Masks as a Potential Source for Inhalation and Oral Uptake of Inanimate Toxins: a Scoping Review

Kai Kisielinski, Stefan Hockertz, Oliver Hirsch, Stephan Korupp, Bernd Klosterhalfen, Andreas Schnepf, Gerald Dyker

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: surgical mask; N95 mask; toxicity; health risk assessment; microplastic; volatile organic compound (VOC); heavy metal; phthalate; organic compound

Online: 15 May 2023 (03:23:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201707.0080.v2

Dynamics of Implementation and Maintenance of Organizational Health Interventions

Mohammad S. Jalali, Hazhir Rahmandad, Sally Lawrence Bullock, Alice Ammerman

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: implementation; adoption; health interventions; community prevention; obesity prevention interventions; system dynamics; systems thinking; endogenous dynamics; qualitative modeling; case studies

Online: 27 July 2017 (17:54:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201707.0038.v1

Public Health Services Utilization and Its Determinants among Internal Migrants in China: Evidence from a Nationally Representative Survey

Jingya Zhang, Senlin Lin, Di Liang, Yi Qian, Donglan Zhang, Zhiyuan Hou

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: migrant; public health; health education; health records; China

Online: 15 July 2017 (00:36:36 CEST)

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Working Paper COMMUNICATION

Effective Infection Control Accelerated SARS-CoV-2 Suppression in China

Xuebing Liu, Shanshan Deng, Xianqin Zhang, Xiaokui Zhu, Chao Liu, Tai Yang, Xue Luo, Nanqing Luo, Li Yang, Youjun Feng, Le Zhang, Ming Xiao, Lin Zhang, Xu Jia

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Infection Control; Epidemic Surveillance; International Cooperation

Online: 3 March 2020 (11:30:01 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1433.v1

An Update on the Link between COVID-19 Vaccination and Mortality

Jarle Aarstad

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: COVID-19; full vaccination; booster vaccination; all-cause mortality; excess mortality

Online: 21 August 2023 (08:09:55 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1407.v1

Ultra-Processed Food Exposure and Adverse Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review of Epidemiological Meta-Analyses

Melissa M. Lane, Elizabeth Gamage, Shutong Du, Deborah N Ashtree, Amelia J McGuinness, Sarah Gauci, Phillip Baker, Mark Lawrence, Casey M Rebholz, Bernard Srour, Mathilde Touvier, Felice N Jacka, Adrienne O’Neil, Toby Segasby, Wolfgang Marx

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: ultra-processed food; Nova food classification system; non-communicable disease; umbrella review; meta-analysis; randomised controlled trial

Online: 21 August 2023 (12:16:45 CEST)

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Objective: To evaluate the existing meta-analytic evidence of associations between exposure to ultra-processed foods, as defined by the Nova food classification system, and adverse health outcomes. Design: Systematic umbrella review of existing meta-analyses. Data Sources: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, as well as manually searching reference lists from 2009 to June 2023. Inclusion Criteria: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of cohort, case-control, and/or cross-sectional study designs that evaluated the associations between exposure to ultra-processed foods and adverse health outcomes in humans across the lifespan. Results: The search identified 45 unique pooled analyses, including 13 dose-response and 32 non-dose-response associations (n=9,888,373). Overall, direct associations were found between exposure to ultra-processed foods and 32 (71%) health outcome domains spanning cardiometabolic, gastrointestinal, and respiratory conditions, cancer, mental health, and mortality. Based on a pre-specified evidence classification criteria, convincing evidence (Class I) supported direct associations between greater ultra-processed food exposure and higher risks of incident cardiovascular disease-related mortality (RR: 1.50; 95%CIs: 1.37 to 1.63), type two diabetes (dose-response RR: 1.12; 95%CIs: 1.11 to 1.13), and depressive outcomes (HR: 1.21; 95%CIs: 1.16 to 1.28), as well as higher risks of prevalent anxiety outcomes (OR: 1.48; 95%CIs: 1.37 to 1.59) and combined common mental disorder outcomes (OR: 1.53; 95%CIs: 1.43 to 1.63). Highly suggestive (Class II) evidence indicated that greater exposure to ultra-processed foods was directly associated with higher risks of incident all-cause mortality (RR: 1.21; 95%CIs: 1.15 to 1.27), heart disease-related mortality (dose-response HR: 1.66; 95%CIs: 1.51 to 1.84), and type two diabetes (OR: 1.40; 95%CIs: 1.23 to 1.59), together with higher risks of prevalent obesity (OR: 1.55; 95%CIs: 1.36 to 1.77), adverse sleep-related outcomes (OR: 1.41; 95%CIs: 1.24 to 1.60), and wheezing (RR: 1.40; 95%CIs: 1.27 to 1.55). Out of the remaining 34 pooled analyses, 21 were graded as suggestive or weak strength (Class III-IV) and 13 were graded as no evidence (Class V). Using the GRADE framework, 22 pooled analyses were rated as "Low" quality, with 19 rated as "Very Low” and four rated as "Moderate" quality. Conclusions: Higher exposure to ultra-processed food was associated with a greater risk of adverse health outcomes, especially cardiometabolic, common mental disorder, and mortality outcomes. These findings provide a rationale to evaluate the effectiveness of using population-based measures to target and reduce dietary exposure to ultra-processed foods for improved human health. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO CRD42023412732.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0204.v1

Forgotten “Primum Non Nocere” and Increased Mortality after Covid-19 Vaccination

Srecko Šorli

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Covid-19 vaccination; death rate; sick status days

Online: 12 January 2023 (02:22:26 CET)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Public Perceptions and Commitment to Social Distancing during COVID-19 Pandemic: A National Survey in Saudi Arabia

Abdu Aldarhami, Abdulrhman S. Bazaid, Omar W. Althomali, Naif K. Binsaleh

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV2; Public AwareneSs; Public Practice; Social Distancing and Saudi Arabia

Online: 31 May 2020 (21:27:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0102.v1

The Factors of Bullying and Character Education on Teenagers

Syifa Azzahra, Maria Pandin, Moses Pandin

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Primary Health Care Keywords: bullying, character, education, teenager, family

Online: 5 April 2021 (11:39:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0456.v1

The Impact of Isolation on the Transmission of COVID-19 and Estimation of Potential Second Epidemic in China

Haitao Song, Fang Liu, Feng Li, Xiaochun Cao, Hao Wang, Zhongwei Jia, Huaiping Zhu, Michael Li, Wei Lin, Hong Yang, Jianghong Hu, Zhen Jin

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: COVID-19; mathematical model; basic reproduction number; potential second epidemic; isolation; close contacts

Online: 31 March 2020 (10:20:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201802.0061.v1

Ozlem Koseoglu Ornek, Erdem Sevim

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Work-related stress; occupational stress; coping profile; garment workers; textile workers

Online: 7 February 2018 (10:26:49 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0262.v1

Epidemiological Models of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) to Control the Transmission Based on Current Evidence: A Systematic Review

Swati Arora, Rishabh Jain, Harendra Pal Singh

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: SARS-COV-2; COVID-19; Lockdown; Epidemiological Models; Machine Learning; Transmission

Online: 12 July 2020 (15:18:48 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0254.v1

Scoping Review of National Antimicrobial Stewardship Activities in Eight African Countries and Adaptable Recommendations

Nduta Kamere, Sandra Tafadzwa Garwe, Oluwatosin Olugbenga Akinwotu, Chloe Zabrina Tuck, Eva M. Krockow, Sara Yadav, Agbaje Ganiyu Olawale, Ayobami Hassan Diyaolu, Derick Munkombwe, Eric Muringu, Eva Prosper Muro, Felix Kaminyoghe, Hameedat Taiye Ayotunde, Love Omoniyei, Mashood Oluku Lawal, Shuwary Hughric Adekule Barlatt, Tumaini J. Makole, Winnie Nambatya, Yvonne Esseku, Victoria Rutter, Diane Ashiru-Oredope

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: Antibiotic Resistance; CwPAMS; National Action Plans; Pharmacy; One Health

Online: 18 July 2022 (09:03:53 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0287.v1

Evaluation of Wearing Masks Would Reduce the Impact on Influenza and Pneumonia. – Learned Lessons From the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Hamza Mirza, Mansoor Mirza

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: COVID-19; Influenza; Morbidity; Mortality; Flu; Pneumonia; Virus Infections; Preventive Medicine; Hospitalization; Internal Medicine; Respiratory illness.

Online: 29 April 2022 (04:22:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0378.v1

Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Services in Malaysia from the Perspective of Healthcare Providers: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

Nicholas Yee Liang Hing, Chin Tho Leong, Ramani Subramaniam Kalianan, Wei Yin Lim, Ching Ee Loo, Yuan Liang Woon

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: COVID-19; pandemic; impact; healthcare; lockdown; movement control order; Malaysia; medical services; dental services; pharmacy services

Online: 29 March 2022 (09:45:10 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0178.v1

A Systematic Review of the Basis for WHO's New Recommendation for Limiting Aircraft Noise Annoyance

Truls Gjestland

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: aircraft noise; annoyance; dose-response; environment; WHO Guidelines

Online: 7 November 2018 (15:21:07 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201711.0173.v1

The Effect of Educational Intervention on Family Caregivers’ Perceived Threat of the Risk of Dependence among Patients with Stroke

Narjes Deyhoul, Parvaneh Vasli, Camelia Rohani, Nezhat Shakeri, Meimanat Hosseini

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Nursing Keywords: instruction; perceived threat; caregivers; stroke; dependency

Online: 27 November 2017 (07:56:30 CET)

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Preprint TECHNICAL NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0505.v1

The SPHN Ecosystem Towards FAIR Data

Sabine Österle, Vasundra Touré, Katrin Crameri

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Other Keywords: Semantics; standards; clinical research infrastructure; terminology; graph data; data-driven medicine

Online: 29 September 2021 (17:32:40 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0511.v1

COVID-19 Infection Diagnosis: Potential Impact of Isothermal Amplification Technology to Reduce Community Transmission of SARS-COV-2

Ameh S. James, John I. Al-alawneh

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: point of care testing; novel coronavirus; COVID-19; rapid testing; LAMP

Online: 29 April 2020 (13:43:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201803.0191.v1

Influence of the Introduction of the Electronic Health Insurance Card on the Use of Medical Services by Asylum Seekers in Germany

Kevin Claassen, Pia Jäger

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: public health; asylum seeker; electronic health insurance card; refugee; Germany

Online: 22 March 2018 (03:38:12 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0238.v1

Applied Self-Supervised Learning: Review of the State-of-the-Art and Implementations in Medicine

Alexander Chowdhury, Jacob Rosenthal, Jonathan Waring, Renato Umeton

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Other Keywords: self-supervised learning; medicine; healthcare; representation learning; unlabeled data

Online: 11 August 2021 (08:27:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0051.v1

Mapping the Spread of COVID-19 Outbreak in India

Vanshika Bidhan, Bhavini Malhotra, Mansi Pandit, Narayanan Latha

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: COVID-19; Data mining; Infection in India; R package; State- wise analysis; Statistical analysis

Online: 5 May 2020 (02:28:26 CEST)

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Background & Objectives: The global pandemic caused by novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has claimed several lives worldwide. With the virus gathering rapid spread, the world has witnessed increasing number of confirmed cases and mortality rate, India is not far behind with approximately 37,000 affected individuals as on May 2, 2020. The ongoing pandemic has raised several questions which need to be answered by analysis of transmission of the infection. The data has been collected on daily basis from WHO and other sites. We have represented the data collated graphically using statistical packages, R and other online softwares. The present study provides a holistic overview of the spread of COVID-19 infection in India. Methods: Real-time data query was done based on daily observations using publicly available data from reference websites for COVID-19 and other government official reports for the period (15^th February, 2020 to April 28^th, 2020). Statistical analysis was performed to draw important inferences regarding COVID-19 trend in India. Results: A decrease in growth rate of cases due to COVID-19 in India post lockdown and improvement in recovery rate during the month of April was identified. The case fatality rate was estimated to be 3.22% of the total reported cases. State-wise analysis revealed a deteriorating situation in states of Maharashtra and Gujarat among others as cases continued to increase rapidly there. A positive linear correlation between the number of deaths and total cases and exponential relation between population density and number of cases reported per square km was established. Interpretation & Conclusions: Despite early preventive measures taken up by the Government of India, the increasing number of cases in India is a concern. This study compiles state-wise and district-wise data to report the daily conﬁrmed cases, case fatalities and strategies adopted in the form of case studies. Understanding the transmission spread of SARS-CoV-2 in a diverse and populated country like India will be crucial in assessing the effectiveness of control policies towards the spread of COVID-19 infection.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0447.v1

Public Perceptions about COVID-19 Vaccines: Policy Implications from US Spatiotemporal Sentiment Analytics

G. G. Md. Nawaz Ali, Md. Mokhlesur Rahman, Md. Amjad Hossain, Md. Shahinoor Rahman, Kamal Chandra Paul, Jean-Claude Thill, Jim Samuel

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: Vaccine; Sentiment analysis; Public Sentiment Scenarios framework; COVID-19; Coronavirus; Twitter; Textual analytics; Public policy

Online: 19 May 2021 (13:51:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0423.v1

Health Care Professionals’ Views Associated with the Barriers and Facilitators of Advance Care Planning (ACP) for Community Dwelling Older Adults with Palliative and End-of-Life Care Needs Towards Achieving a ‘Good’ Death: Findings from a Qualitative, Exploratory Pilot Study

Gary Bellamy, Jennifer Stock, Patricia Schofield

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Primary Health Care Keywords: palliative and end-of-life care; older adults; advance care planning (ACP); health care professionals.

Online: 20 September 2018 (16:59:45 CEST)

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This paper reports the findings from a pilot study designed to explore the barriers, facilitators and similarities with the delivery and implementation of two distinct models of Advance Care Planning (ACP) documentation for older adults in their last year of life used by health care professionals in their clinical practice. PACe (Proactive Anticipatory Care Plan): a GP led model and PEACE (Proactive Elderly Persons’ Advisory CarE): a nurse led model with community geriatrician oversight were used by participants in their clinical practice. Telephone interviews were conducted with general practitioners (GPs) to explore their views of using the PACe tool. Hospital admission avoidance matrons took part in face to face interviews and care staff employed in private residential care homes took part in individual telephone interviews to explore their views of using the PEACE tool. GPs and admission avoidance matrons were employed by Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs) and all study participants were recruited from the South East of England where data collection took place in 2015. Nine telephone interviews and two face-to-face interviews (one joint and one individual) were conducted with twelve participants. The data was analysed thematically. Participants highlighted the similarity of both tools in providing focus to ACP discussions to inform individual end-of-life care preferences. The importance of relationships was a pivotal theme-established, trusting inter-professional relationships to enable multidisciplinary teamwork and a prior relationship with the older person (or their proxy in the case of cognitive impairment) to enable conversations of this nature. Using both tools enabled participants to think critically and reflect on their own practice was another theme identified. Notwithstanding participants’ views to improve the layout of both tools, using a paper-based approach to deliver streamlined ACP and end-of-life care was a theme to emerge as a barrier which focused on the problems with access to paper-based documentation, accuracy and care co-ordination in the context of multidisciplinary team working. The value of technology in overcoming this barrier and underpin ACP as a means to help simplify service provision, promote integrated professional practice and provide seamless care was put forward as the solution.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0580.v1

Physical Activity, Mental Health and Wellbeing of Irish Adolescents during Covid-19 Restrictions. A Re-Issue of the Physical Activity and Wellbeing Study (PAWS)

John Murphy, Bronagh McGrane, Mary Rose Sweeney

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Exercise; Sport; Team Sport; Resilience; Identity; Health; School

Online: 26 July 2021 (14:24:29 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0204.v1

Getting out of Crises: Environmental, Social-ecological and Evolutionary Research Needed to Avoid Future Risks of Pandemics

Delphine Destoumieux-Garzon, Franziska Matthies-Wiesler, Nicolas Bierne, Aurélie Binot, Jérôme Boissier, Anais Devouge, Jeanne Garric, Kim Gruetzmacher, Christoph Grunau, Jean-François Guégan, Sylvie Hurtrez-Boussès, Anke Huss, Serge Morand, Clare Palmer, Denis Sarigiannis, Roel Vermeulen, Robert Barouki

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: One Health; Planetary Health; Pandemics; Ecology; Evolution; Environment; Climate change; Biodiversity loss; Emergence; Pathogen

Online: 8 June 2021 (09:34:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0168.v1

Individual and Contextual Factors Associated with Malaria among Children 6-59 Months in Nigeria: A Multilevel Mixed Effect Logistic Model Approach

Phillips Edomwonyi Obasohan, Stephen J Walters, Richard Jacques, Khaled Khatab

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: malaria; fever; Plasmodium falciparum; Falciparum vivax; under-five; determinants; risk factors

Online: 6 August 2021 (14:09:07 CEST)

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Background/Purpose: Over the last two decades, malaria has remained a major worldwide public health concern, especially in the developing countries leading to high morbidity and mortality among children. Nigeria is the world most burdened malaria endemic nation, contributing more than a quarter of global malaria cases. This study determined the prevalence of malaria among children 6-59 months in Nigeria, and the effects of individual and contextual factors. Methods: The study utilized data from 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) involving a weighted sample size of 10,185 children who were tested for malaria using rapid diagnostic test (RDT). Given the hierarchical structure of the data set, such that children at level-1 are nested in community at level-2, and nested in states and Federal Capital Territory (FCT) at level-3, multilevel mixed effect logistic regression models were used for the analysis. Results: The proportion of children 6-59 months of age in Nigeria that had malaria fever positive as assessed by RDTs was 35.5% (3,418/10185), (CI: 33.9-37.1). Kebbi State had the highest proportion of children 6-59 months who were malaria positive, 77.6%, (CI: 70.2-83.5), followed by Katsina State, 55.5%, (CI: 47.7-63.1). The Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja had the proportion of 29.6%, (CI: 21.6-39.0), malaria positive children of 6-59 months of age. Children between the age of 48 and 59 months were 2.68 times more likely to have malaria fever than children 6-11 months of age (AOR=2.68, 95% CI: 2.03-3.54). Also, children from the rural area (AOR= 2.12, 95% CI: 1.75-2.57), were more likely to suffer from malaria infection compare with children from urban area. Conclusion: The study identified some individual and contextual predictors of malaria among children in Nigeria. These factors are areas that need to be considered for policy designs and implementations toward control and total elimination of malaria-related morbidity and mortality among children in Nigeria.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0172.v1

What Are COVID-19 Arabic Tweeters Talking About?

Btool Hamoui, Abdulaziz Alashaikh, Eisa Alanazi

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: COVID-19; Twitter; Topic Discovery; Arabic

Online: 9 July 2020 (07:25:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0277.v1

Burnout and Engagement: Personality Profiles in Nursing Professionals

María del Carmen Pérez-Fuentes, María del Mar Molero Jurado, África Martos Martínez, José Jesús Gázquez Linares

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Nursing Keywords: personality; burnout; engagement; Big Five; healthcare personnel

Online: 28 January 2019 (12:00:59 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0379.v1

Compassion Fatigue in Nursing Professionals from Complex Care Units of a Brazilian University Hospital

Luciano Garcia Lourenção, José Gustavo Monteiro Penha, Daniela Menezes Galvão, Franciso Rosemiro Guimarães Ximenes Neto, Betânia Maria Pereira dos Santos, Isabel Cristina Kowal Olm Cunha, Jacqueline Flores de Oliveira, Fernando Braga dos Santos, Márcio Andrade Borges, Max dos Santos Afonso, Carlos Leonardo Figueiredo Cunha, Natalia Sperli Geraldes Marin dos Santos Sasaki, Maria de Lourdes Sperli Geraldes Santos, Neyson Pinheiro Freire, Francielle Garcia da Silva, Vagner Ferreira do Nascimento, Anderson Reis de Sousa, Nuno Damácio de Carvalho Félix, Keith Kelli Jora de Vargas, Sidiane Teixeira Rodrigues, Marcos Henrique Dall' Aglio Foss

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Nursing Keywords: compassion fatigue; nurse practitioners; critical care nursing; occupational health

Online: 25 January 2022 (11:02:39 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.3390/sci2010009

Fall Risk in Older Adults Transitioning between Different Flooring Materials

Hyung Kim, Thurmon Lockhart

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Nursing Keywords: safety; ageing; falls; gait; home

Online: 10 March 2020 (00:00:00 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0200.v1

Critical Care Nurses’ Understanding and Experiences of Patient Advocacy in the Critical Care Setting: A Systematic Review

Elizabeth Adjoa Kumah, Paul Boadu, Rachel Duncan

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Nursing Keywords: critical care nurses; critical care setting; experiences; patient advocacy; systematic review; understanding

Online: 12 March 2020 (04:42:24 CET)

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