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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0151.v1

Cardiovascular Effects of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine in Adolescents

Suyanee Mansanguan, Prakaykaew Charunwatthana, Watcharapong Piyaphanee, Wilanee Dechkhajorn, Akkapon Poolcharoen, Chayasin Mansanguan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine; COVID-19 vaccine; cardiovascular effects; myocarditis; adolescents; Thailand

Online: 8 August 2022 (10:40:23 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1198.v1

Autopsy Proven Fatal COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Myocarditis

Nicolas Hulscher, Roger Hodkinson, William Makis, Peter McCullough

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: myocarditis; sudden death; chest pain; autopsy; necropsy; COVID-19; COVID-19 vaccines; mRNA; SARS-CoV-2 vaccination; death; excess mortality; spike protein; organ system

Online: 18 July 2023 (09:34:51 CEST)

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Background: COVID-19 vaccines have been linked to myocarditis which in some circumstances can be fatal. This systematic review aims to investigate potential causal links between COVID-19 vaccines and death from myocarditis using post-mortem analysis. Methods: We performed a systematic review of all published autopsy reports involving COVID-19 vaccination-related myocarditis through July 3^rd, 2023. All autopsy studies that include COVID-19 vaccine-induced myocarditis as a possible cause of death were included, without imposing any additional restrictions. Causality in each case was determined by three independent reviewers with cardiac pathology experience and expertise. Results: We initially identified 1,691 studies and, after screening for our inclusion criteria, included 14 papers that contained 28 autopsy cases. The cardiovascular system was the only organ system affected in 26 cases. In 2 cases, myocarditis was characterized as a consequence from multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS). The mean and median number of days from last COVID-19 vaccination until death was 6.2 and 3 days, respectively. Most of the deaths occurred within a week from the last injection. We established that all 28 deaths were causally linked to COVID-19 vaccination by independent adjudication. Conclusions: The temporal relationship, internal and external consistency seen among cases in this review with known COVID-19 vaccine-induced myocarditis, its pathobiological mechanisms and related excess death, complemented with autopsy confirmation, independent adjudication, and application of the Bradford Hill criteria to the overall epidemiology of vaccine myocarditis, suggests there is a high likelihood of a causal link between COVID-19 vaccines and death from suspected myocarditis in cases where sudden, unexpected death has occurred in a vaccinated person. Urgent investigation is required for the purpose of risk stratification and mitigation in order to reduce the population occurrence of fatal COVID-19 vaccine-induced myocarditis.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0131.v1

Forensic Analysis of the 38 Subject Deaths in the 6-Month Interim Report of the Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine Clinical Trial

Corinne Michels, Daniel Perrier, Jeyanthi Kunadhasan, Ed Clark, Joseph Gehrett, Barbara Gehrett, Kim Kwiatek, Sarah Adams, Robert Chandler, Leah Stagno, Tony Damian, Erika Delph, Chris Flowers

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: BNT162b2 vaccine; Pfizer/BioNTech; cardiovascular events; COVID-19

Online: 4 September 2023 (08:19:54 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0204.v1

Is COVID-19 an Endothelial Disease? Clinical and Basic Evidence

Celestino Sardu, Jessica Gambardella, Marco Bruno Morelli, Xujun Wang, Raffaele Marfella, Gaetano Santulli

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: Covid-19; coronavirus; cardiovascular disease; thrombosis; hypertension; endothelial dysfunction

Online: 13 April 2020 (02:23:33 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201904.0037.v1

Effects of Involuntary Smoking and Vaping on the Cardiovascular System

Manfred Neuberger

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: second-hand smoke; cardiovascular disease; third-hand smoke; passive vaping; electronic cigarettes; heated tobacco; water pipe; myocardial infarction; stroke; diabetes

Online: 3 April 2019 (10:07:13 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0128.v1

Cardiovascular Vulnerability to COVID-19 in Cancer Survivors

Beshay Zordoky

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: COVID-19; Cancer Survivors; Cardiovascular

Online: 8 April 2020 (11:49:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0050.v1

The FDA and the State of Chronic Diseases: Cardiovascular, Endocrine, Pulmonary, and Renal Diseases

Mona Fiuzat, Michael P. Gray, Grace Anne Dorney Koppel, Aaron Kowalski, Prabir Roy-Chaudhury, Mary Norine Walsh, Daniel W. Jones, Enid Neptune, Robert Ratner, Melissa West, Brad A. Wong, Robert Califf

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: chronic diseases; cardiovascular; renal; endocrine; diabetes; therapeutic advances; tobacco

Online: 3 May 2018 (05:08:44 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0209.v1

Heart Rate Variability in a Patient with Coronavirus Disease 2019

Christoph Baumann, Reiner Buchhorn, Christian Willaschek

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: COVID-19 virus disease; Autonomic nervous system; Electrocardiography; Heart rate

Online: 12 May 2020 (12:22:06 CEST)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0791.v1

Microvascular Capillary and Precapillary Cardiovascular Disturbances Strongly Interact to Severely Affect Tissue Perfusion and Mitochondrial Function in ME/CFS Evolving from the Post COVID-19 Syndrome

Klaus Josef Wirth, Matthias Löhn

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome; Post-COVID Syndrome, Long-COVID; Long-COVID; Precapillary cardiovascular disturbances; Capillary disturbances; ß2AdR dysfunction; Mitochondrial dysfunction; Post-Exertional Malaise; Exercise intolerance

Online: 13 December 2023 (03:40:03 CET)

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Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is a frequent, debilitating and still enigmatic disease. There is a broad overlap in the symptomatology of ME/CFS and the Post-COVID Syndrome (PCS). A fraction of the PCS patients develops the full clinical picture of ME/CFS. New observations in microvessels and blood from patients suffering from PCS have appeared and include microclots and malformed pathological blood cells. Capillary blood flow is impaired not only by pathological blood components but also by prothrombotic changes in the vascular wall, endothelial dysfunction, and expression of adhesion molecules in the capillaries. These disturbances can finally cause a low capillary flow and even capillary stasis. A low cardiac stroke volume due to hypovolemia and the inability of the capacitance vessels to adequately constrict to deliver the necessary cardiac preload generate an unfavorable low precapillary perfusion pressure. Furthermore, a predominance of vasoconstrictor over vasodilator influences exists, in which sympathetic hyperactivity and endothelial dysfunction play a strong role, causing constriction of resistance vessels and of precapillary sphincters which leads to a fall in capillary pressure behind the sphincters. The interaction of these two precapillary cardiovascular mechanisms causing a low capillary perfusion pressure is hemodynamically highly unfavorable in the presence of a primary capillary stasis already caused by the pathological blood components and their interaction with the capillary wall, to severely impair organ perfusion. The detrimental coincidence of the microcirculatory with the precapillary cardiovascular disturbances may constitute the key disturbance of the Post-COVID-19 syndrome and finally lead to ME/CFS in pre-disposed patients because the interaction causes a particular kind of perfusion disturbance - capillary ischemia-reperfusion - which has a high potential of causing mitochondrial dysfunction by inducing sodium- and calcium-overload in skeletal muscles. The latter in turns worsens the vascular situation by the generation of reactive oxygen species to close a vicious cycle from which the patient can hardly escape.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0516.v1

COVID-19 Clot: What Is It? Why in the Lungs? Extracellular Histone, “Auto-Activation” of Prothrombin, Emperipolesis, Megakaryocytes, “Self-Association” of Von Willebrand Factor and Beyond

Nadarajah Varatharajah

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: Megakaryocyte, IFITM3, VWF, ADAMTS13, emperipolesis, self-association, unfractionated heparin (UFH), histone, NETs, Thrombin

Online: 22 July 2020 (11:03:08 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0216.v2

Case Study: RMT as an Intervention for Cardiopulmonary Decline

Kevin Longoria, Nina Bausek, Sigfredo Aldarondo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: RMT, IMT, EMT, vascular compliance, pulmonary function, cardiopulmonary, cardiovascular

Online: 13 August 2019 (09:48:11 CEST)

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Working Paper REVIEW

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System: Double-Edged Sword in COVID-19 Infection

Jana Burchfield

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV; SARS-CoV-2; Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Online: 25 March 2020 (03:56:27 CET)

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The role of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) in Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection has become a controversial topic of discussion. RAAS inhibitors, such as Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), which are used to treat cardiovascular diseases, have been implicated in potentially increasing cell surface levels of ACE2. ACE2 is the host receptor for COVID-19 that was discovered in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Since December, COVID-19 has transmitted rapidly across the world and has become a global pandemic. COVID-19 is similar to the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) with the first case reported in Saudi Arabia in September 2012. COVID-19, also known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is also similar to SARS-CoV, which first infected humans in the Guangdong province of southern China in 2002, and caused an epidemic between November 2002 and July 2003. Both SARS-CoV and COVID-19 use ACE2 to enter host cells. ACE2 is primarily expressed in the mouth, lung, heart, esophagus, kidney, bladder, and intestines, and is a component of RAAS, which serves to maintain vascular tone and blood volume. Inhibition or activation of other components of RAAS has been shown to directly increase or decrease the expression and/or activity of ACE2. Furthermore, RAAS-targeting therapeutics, such as ACE inhibitors and ARBs, have also been shown to regulate the expression and/or activity of ACE2, albeit in animal models. Although these changes in ACE2 have been demonstrated only in animal models, there is no evidence that administration of RAAS-targeting therapeutics to humans for the treatment of hypertension, diabetes, and other cardiovascular diseases (e.g., myocardial infarction and heart failure) causes changes in ACE2 expression. Nor is there clinical evidence that RAAS-targeting therapeutics augment COVID-19 infection, morbidity, or mortality. However, clinical evidence does suggest that ACE2 expression may protect against respiratory distress caused by a variety of noxious agents. This review attempts to provide a balanced overview of the potential role of RAAS in regulating ACE2, and the role of ACE2 during COVID-19 infection. Evidence is provided to show that the expression of ACE2 may mediate both positive and negative outcomes, depending on the timing of ACE2 expression.

Working Paper BRIEF REPORT

The Potential Role of Th17 Immune Responses in Coronavirus Immunopathology and Vaccine-induced Immune Enhancement

Peter Hotez

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: COVID-19; SARS 2; coronavirus; Th17; eosinophils; heart disease

Online: 9 April 2020 (14:45:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0040.v1

Plasma cBIN1 Score (CS) Identifies HFrEF and Can Predict Cardiac Hospitalization in Stable Ambulatory Patients

Yu Xie, Tara C. Hitzeman, Ronit H. Zadikany, Andriana P. Nikolova, Rachel Baum, Bing Xu, Sosse Agvanian, Gil Y. Melmed, Dermot T. McGovern, Dael R. Geft, David H. Chang, Jaime D. Moriguchi, Antoine Hage, Babak Azarbal, Lawrence S. Czer, Michelle M. Kittleson, Jignesh K. Patel, Alan H. B. Wu, Jon A. Kobashigawa, Michele Hamilton, TingTing Hong, Robin M. Shaw

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: biomarker; heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF); cBIN1; cBIN1 Score (CS)

Online: 7 January 2018 (12:51:36 CET)

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Objective: We determined, in stable ambulatory heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) subjects and matched controls, the capability of a novel blood based cardiac-specific cBIN1 Score (CS), which assesses the health of cardiac muscle, to identify patients with known heart failure (HF) and to prognosticate future hospitalization. Background: Limited clinical tools are available in assessing cardiac muscle health in stable ambulatory patients. Cardiac bridging integrator 1 (cBIN1) is a cardiomyocyte t-tubule membrane scaffolding protein which regulates calcium signaling in cardiomyocytes, decreases in failing muscle, and is present in plasma in levels that correlate with cardiac content. We hypothesize that CS, a normalized index of plasma cBIN1 concentration, can function as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of HF. Methods: Plasma cBIN1 concentration is measured by an ELISA test, and CS is calculated as the natural log of the ratio of a constant population mean cBIN1 to measured cBIN1 concentration. We determined CS among 125 clinically stable individuals with HFrEF (LVEF ≤ 40%) (mean age 56 ± 10 years old, 79% men) and 125 age, sex matched volunteers with no known history of HF. We obtained plasma concentrations of NT-proBNP, a marker of volume status, as comparison. Baseline co-morbidities and 18-month longitudinal clinical information were obtained through electronic medical records. Results: CS follows a normal distribution with a median of 0 in the control population and median is significantly increased among HFrEF patients to 1.8 (IQR 1.4 – 2.1, p < 0.0001). CS diagnosed HFrEF with a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) of 0.93 (AUC is 0.98 for NT-proBNP, and combined CS and NT-proBNP AUC is 0.99). Unlike NT-proBNP, CS does not correlate with body mass index (BMI) in either the control or HFrEF population (Pearson’s r = -0.15, p = 0.12; Pearson’s r = 0.003, p = 0.97, respectively). NT-proBNP significantly correlates with renal function (Pearson’s r = -0.37, p = 0.001), while CS also has no correlation (Pearson’s r = 0.03, p = 0.71). During an 18-month follow-up, a high CS ≥ 1.8 at the initial visit predicted future cardiovascular hospitalizations (38% vs. 21%, p = 0.04, hazard ratio 2.0). NT-proBNP did not predict future cardiovascular hospitalizations. Conclusions: Plasma cBIN1 based CS is insensitive to BMI and renal function and differentiates myocardial health between patients with HFrEF versus matched controls. An abnormally high CS reflected poor intrinsic myocardial health and can predict future 18-month cardiac hospitalization in stable ambulatory patients.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0041.v1

Plasma cBIN1 Score (CS) Identifies HFpEF and Can Predict Cardiac Hospitalization in Stable Ambulatory Patients

Andriana P. Nikolova, Tara C. Hitzeman, Rachel Baum, Bing Xu, Sosse Agvanian, Yu Xie, Dael R. Geft, David H. Chang, Jaime D. Moriguchi, Antoine Hage, Babak Azarbal, Lawrence S. Czer, Michelle M. Kittleson, Jignesh K. Patel, Alan H. B. Wu, Jon A. Kobashigawa, Michele Hamilton, TingTing Hong, Robin Shaw

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: biomarkers; heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF); cBIN1; cBIN1 Score (CS)

Online: 7 January 2018 (13:49:49 CET)

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Objective: We determined, in stable ambulatory heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) subjects and matched controls, the capability of a novel blood based cardiac-specific cBIN1 Score (CS) to diagnose heart failure and prognosticate future hospitalization. Background: Heart failure (HF) poses a costly health care burden worldwide with rising prevalence. Abnormal calcium signaling is intrinsic to HF pathophysiology and correlates with reduced expression of a cardiac membrane scaffolding protein, cardiac bridging integrator 1 (cBIN1). We hypothesize that CS, a numerical score derived from plasma cBIN1 concentration, is a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of HF. Methods: Plasma cBIN1 is quantified by an ELISA test, and CS is calculated as the natural log of the normalized reciprocal of plasma cBIN1 concentration. We determined CS among 52 clinically stable individuals with HFpEF (LVEF ≥ 50%) (mean age 57 ± 15 years old, 63% men) and 104 age and sex matched volunteers with no known history of HF. We obtained plasma concentrations of NT-proBNP, a marker of volume status, as comparison. Baseline co-morbidities and one year longitudinal clinical information were obtained through electronic medical records. Results: Median CS is 0 (IQR -0.4 – 0.6) in the control cohort and is increased to 1.8 in the HFpEF cohort (IQR 1.5 – 2.3, p < 0.0001). For HFpEF diagnosis, CS has a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) of 0.94 (95% CI 0.95 – 0.99) and NT-proBNP of 0.89 (95% CI 0.83 – 0.95). Kaplan-Meier analysis of one year cardiovascular hospitalizations reveals that HFpEF patients with CS ≥ 1.8 have a hazard ratio (HR) of 4.0 (95% CI 1.4 – 11.2, p=0.009). Combining CS ≥ 1.8 with NT-proBNP ≥ 300 pg/mL, increases HR to 21.4 (95% CI 2.7 – 171.6, p=0.004). Conclusions: In a cohort of stable ambulatory HF patients with cardiomyopathies of multiple etiologies and preserved ejection fraction, a positive CS correlates with worsening myocardial health and predicts future hospitalization. CS, a marker of cardiac muscle health, provides a novel index to informing the management of stable ambulatory HF patients.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0225.v1

Hsa_circ_0054633 in Peripheral Blood Can be Used as a Diagnostic Biomarker of Pre-Diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Muwei Li, Zhenzhou Zhao, Xuejie Li, Chuanyu Gao, Dongdong Jian, Peiyuan Hao, Lixin Rao

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: circular RNAs (circRNAs); circulating circRNA; type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); pre-diabetes; microarray analysis; biomarker

Online: 29 August 2016 (13:37:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0164.v1

Assessment of Vitamin B12 in Patients with Coronary Tortuosity

Levent Cerit, Hatice Kemal, Aziz Günsel, Murat Uncu, Zeynep Cerit, Kamil Gülsen, Hamza Duygu

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: vitamin B12; coronary tortuosity; coronary angiography

Online: 17 August 2016 (10:51:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0087.v1

Difference between Serum BNP Admission Level and that Detected at Discharge in Patients with ADHF Predicts Six-Month Mortality in a More Reliable Manner with Respect to Isolated BNP Determination Taken on Admission

Renato De Vecchis, Carmelina Ariano, Cesare Baldi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: natriuretic peptides; heart failure; congestion; outcome

Online: 9 August 2016 (11:33:03 CEST)

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Background According to some authors, a single isolated measurement of serum BNP executed on hospital admission would not be a sufficiently accurate method to predict the outcome of patients with ADHF. Aims For verifying this assumption, a retrospective study was conducted on patients hospitalized for ADHF. Our main objective was to ascertain whether there was any difference in midterm mortality among patients with rising BNP at discharge as compared to those with decreasing BNP at discharge. Methods Medical records were examined so as to make a partition of the ADHF patient population into two groups, the former characterized by a rise in BNP during hospitalization, and the latter exhibiting a decrease in BNP in the measurement taken at hospital discharge. Results 177 patients were enrolled in a retrospective study. Among them, 53 patients (29.94%) had increased BNPs at the time of discharge, whereas 124 (70.06%) showed decreases in serum BNP during their hospital stay. The group with patients who exhibited BNP increases at the time of discharge had higher degree of congestion evident in the higher frequency of persistent jugular venous distention and persistent orthopnea at discharge. Moreover, patients with increased BNP at the time of discharge had a lower reduction in inferior vena cava maximum diameter [1.58 ± 2.2 mm vs. 6.32 ± 1.82 mm; p (one-way ANOVA)=0.001]. In contrast, there was no significant difference in weight loss when patients with increased BNP at discharge were compared to those with no such increase. A total of 14 patients (7.9%) died during the six-month follow-up period. Cox proportional hazard analysis revealed that BNP increase at the time of discharge was an independent predictor of six-month all-cause mortality after adjustment for age, sodium at discharge, creatinine at discharge and New York Heart Association (NYHA) class at discharge (hazard ratio 34.49; 95% confidence intervals: 4.55–261.06; P =0.001). Conclusions Among patients with history of ADHF, more elevated BNP levels at the time of discharge from the hospital compared to those detected at admission identify a patient subset with higher grade of congestion and higher six-month mortality.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0100.v1

Role of Cardiac Troponin I level in predicting in-hospital outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in Erbil-Iraq

Salam Zangana, Abdulkareem Al-Othman, Namir Al-Tawil

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: Cardiac troponin I; Ischemic heart disease

Online: 9 August 2016 (14:31:47 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201702.0036.v1

Nanoparticle-Mediated Drug Delivery System for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Kazufumi Nakamura, Hiromi Matsubara, Satoshi Akagi, Toshihiro Sarashina, Kentaro Ejiri, Norifumi Kawakita, Masashi Yoshida, Toru Miyoshi, Atsuyuki Watanabe, Nobuhiro NIshii, Hiroshi Ito

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: pulmonary arterial hypertension; prostacyclin; nanoparticle; drug delivery system

Online: 13 February 2017 (09:27:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0418.v1

Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Stimulation Limits the Cellular Proarrhythmic Effects of Chloroquine and Azithromycin

Henry Sutanto, Jordi Heijman

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: arrhythmia; computational modeling; COVID-19; chloroquine; azithromycin; beta-adrenergic; electrophysiology

Online: 19 July 2020 (18:35:20 CEST)

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Background: The antimalarial drug chloroquine and antimicrobial drug azithromycin have received significant attention during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Both drugs can alter cardiac electrophysiology and have been associated with drug-induced arrhythmias. Meanwhile, sympathetic activation is commonly observed during systemic inflammation and oxidative stress (e.g., in SARS-CoV-2 infection), and may influence the electrophysiological effects of chloroquine and azithromycin. Here, we investigated the effect of beta-adrenergic stimulation on proarrhythmic properties of chloroquine and azithromycin using a detailed in silico model of ventricular electrophysiology. Methods: Concentration-dependent chloroquine and azithromycin-induced alterations in ion-channel function were incorporated into the Heijman canine ventricular cardiomyocyte model. Single and combined drug effects on action-potential (AP) properties were analyzed using a population of 592 models accommodating inter-individual variability. Sympathetic stimulation was simulated by an increase in pacing rate and experimentally validated isoproterenol-induced changes in ion-channel function. Results: At 1 Hz pacing, therapeutic doses of chloroquine and azithromycin (5 and 20 µM, respectively) individually prolonged AP duration (APD) by 33% and 13%. Their combination produced synergistic APD prolongation (+161%) with incidence of proarrhythmic early afterdepolarizations in 53.5% of models. Increasing the pacing frequency to 2 Hz shortened APD and together with 1 µM isoproterenol corrected the drug-induced APD prolongation. No afterdepolarizations occurred following increased rate and simulated application of 0.1-1 µM isoproterenol. Conclusion: Sympathetic stimulation limits chloroquine- and azithromycin-induced proarrhythmia by reducing their APD-prolonging effect, suggesting the importance of heart rate and autonomic status monitoring in particular conditions (e.g., COVID-19).

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201609.0078.v1

In Vitro Study of a Superhydrophilic Thin Film Nitinol Endograft that Is Electrostatically Endothelialized in the Catheter Prior to the Endovascular Procedure

Mahdis Shayan, Yanfei Chen, Puneeth Shridhar, Colin P. Kealey, Youngjae Chun

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: thin film nitinol; electrostatic cell seeding; biocompatibility; endovascular devices

Online: 23 September 2016 (03:45:59 CEST)

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Electrostatic endothelial cell seeding has evolved as an exceptional technique to improve the efficiency of cell seeding in terms of frequency of attached cells and the amount of cell adhesion for the treatment of vascular diseases. In the recent times, both untreated and superhydrophilic thin film nitinol (TFN) have exhibited strong prospect as substrates for creation of small-diameter endovascular grafts due to their hallmark properties of superelasticity, ultra low-profile character, grown hemocompatible oxide layer with the presence of a uniform endothelial layer on the surface. The purpose of the current study is to understand the effects of endothelial cell seeding parameters (i.e., applied voltage, incubation time, substrate chemistry and cell suspension solution) to investigate the cell seeding phenomenon and to improve the cell adhesion and growth on the TFN surface under electrostatic transplantation. Both parallel plate and cylindrical capacitor models were used along with the Taguchi Design of Experiment (DOE) methods to design in vitro test parameters. A novel in vitro system for cylindrical capacitor model was created using a micro flow pump, micro incubation system, and silicone tubings. The augmented endothelialization on thin film nitinol was developed to determine the effect of cell seeding and deployed in a 6 Fr intravascular catheter setup. Cell viability along with morphology and proliferation of adhered cells were evaluated using fluorescent and scanning electron microscopy. Our results demonstrated that the maximum number of cells attached on STFN in the catheter was observed in 5V with the 2 hr exposure of in the cell culture medium (CCM) solution. The condition showed 5V voltage with 0.68×10-6 µC electrostatic charge and 5.11 V·mm-1 electric field. Our findings have first demonstrated that the electrostatic endothelialization on the superhydrophilic thin film nitinol endograft within the catheter prior to the endovascular procedure could enhance the biocompatibility for low-profile endovascular applications.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0085.v1

COVID-19: Multiple Diseases Simulating Extreme High-Altitude Exposure? Oxygen Transport Physiology and Scarce Need of Ventilators; Andean Condor’s-Eye-View

Gustavo R. Zubieta-Calleja, Natalia Zubieta-DeUrioste, Thuppil Venkatesh, Kusal Das, Jorge Soliz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: COVID-19; HAPE; high-altitude; tolerance to hypoxia; oxygen transport triad; Cov-2; SARS; pneumonia; ventilators; EPO

Online: 5 May 2020 (15:26:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0066.v1

The Effects of Load on Transmural Differences in Contraction of Isolated Mouse Ventricular Cardiomyocytes

Anastasia Khokhlova, Gentaro Iribe, Leonid Katsnelson, Keiji Naruse, Olga Solovyova

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: ventricular transmural heterogeneity; cellular mechanics; load dependency; calcium transient; mechano-calcium feedback

Online: 13 December 2016 (09:49:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201802.0066.v1

Global Correlates of Cardiovascular Risk: A Comparison of 158 Countries

Pavel Grasgruber, Jan Cacek, Eduard Hrazdíra, Sylva Hřebíčková, Martin Sebera

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: cardiovascular diseases; risk factors; nutrition; ecological study

Online: 8 February 2018 (03:22:54 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0153.v1

Surgical Mask Use in Physical Exercise in Young Healthy Subjects - SUME Trial

Hugo Mendonça Café, Marta Leitão, Anya Freitas, Ana Marreiros

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: Surgical mask; exercise; treadmill test; stress test; Oxygen saturation; Covid19; ECG

Online: 5 February 2021 (10:03:09 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1486.v1

Herpesvirus Infection as a Systemic Pathological Axis in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Jean M Nunes, Douglas B Kell, Etheresia Pretorius

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS); Endothelial cells; Herpesvirus

Online: 19 January 2024 (13:13:19 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0260.v1

What Is the Heart? Anatomy, Form, Function, and Misconceptions

Gerald D. Buckberg, Navin C. Nanda, Christopher Nguyen, Mladen J. Kocica

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: conventional heart anatomy; helical ventricular myocardial band; mitral valve opening; isovolumic relaxation time; RV function; diastolic dysfunction

Online: 20 April 2018 (08:10:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0309.v1

FONDENOXAVID: A Retrospective Analysis on Utility of Thromboprophylaxis with Fondaparinux and Enoxaparin in Patients with COVID19 Infection in Italy

Giuseppe Vito Viggiano, Giuseppe Cardillo, Vincenzo Russo, Sara Mangiacapra, Antonella Cavalli, Chiara Pesci, Andrea Fontanella, Federica Agrusta, Annamaria Bellizzi, Maria Amitrano, Mariateresa Iannuzzo, Clara Sacco, Corrado Lodigiani, Pierpaolo Di Micco

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: covid19; sars cov2; fondaparinux; enoxaparin; venous thrpmbpembolism; inflammatory diseases

Online: 19 May 2020 (04:07:50 CEST)

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Background: After the outbreak of a novel coronavirus (i.e. SARS COV2) in China and its diffusion around the world, great attentions was reserved to the increased incidence of venous thromboembolism in these patients. A specific antiviral action of heparins toward SARS COV2 has been reported in vitro such as a well know action of heparins to prevent VTE in inpatients with infective disease has already been reported since several years. Yet, because fondaparinux represent the pharmacological antithrombotic active sequence of all heparins and because its clinical indication o prevent VTE in inpatients is similar to heprains, we realized a retrospective analysis in inpatients with SARS COV2 on the incidence of VTE during pharmacological prophylaxis with enoxaparin or fondaparinux. This retrospective analysis was named FONDENOXAVID. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study that used patients with SARS COV2 during the Italian outbreak from February 18, 2020 to April 30, 2020. Our aim was to compare the clinical characteristics, prophylactic treatment and outcomes in inpatients positive to SARS COV2 at risk to develop venous thromboembolism, in particular venous thrombosis with or without pulmonary embolism, during in-hospital primary thromboprophylaxis with enoxaparin (40 mg or 60 mg once daily) or fondaparinux (2.5 mg once daily). Statistical analysis was conducted with using MatLab R2016B and eventually ad hoc functions. Results: There were not significative differences in clinical characteristics between patients that used enoxaparin or fondaparinux as thromboprpophylaxis for SARS COV2. The cumulative incidence of thrombotic events was not different in patients that used enoxaparin or fondaparinux as thromboprpophylaxis. No differences were found also in d-dimer and fibrinogen levels test at the admission and after 3 weeks as markers of prolonged inflammation due to SARS COV2. Discussion: The increased incidence of VTE in vivo has been reported in several studies although prophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin was conducted in some of them. The clinical indication to prevent VTE was similar for heparins and fondaparinux. In our results a non-inferiority to prevent VTE was recorded when inpatients with SARS COV2 were treated with prophylactic doses of enoxaparin or fondaparinux according to international guidelines. The incidence of VTE in this retrospective analysis showed that Fondaparinux at fixed doses of 2.5 mg daily was not inferior to enoxaparin (4000 UI daily). Our results testify that fondaparinux and enoxaparin showed the same efficacy to reduce the incidence of VTE in inpatients with SARS COV2.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0030.v1

Right Ventricular Hypertrophy among COVID-19 Patients

Safia Haniya Yusuf, Jeffrey L. Ram

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: animal models; cardiac aftereffects; COVID-19; hypoxia; echocardiogram; pulmonary hypertension; right ventricular dilatation; right ventricular hypertrophy

Online: 5 May 2022 (09:36:47 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0216.v1

Impact of RMT on Pulmonary Function and Vascular Compliance - a Case Report

Kevin Longoria, Nina Bausek, Sigfredo Aldarondo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: RMT, IMT, EMT, vascular compliance, pulmonary function, cardiopulmonary, cardiovascular

Online: 18 July 2019 (10:26:10 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0190.v1

Deteriorating Atrioventricular Block in COVID-19 Suspected Patient after Receiving Initial Dose of Azythromycin and Hydroxychloroquine

Billy Aditya Pratama, Afik Maulana Rachman, Vita Yanti Anggraeni, Erika Maharani, Ika Trisnawati, Bambang Sigit Riyanto, Anggoro Budi Hartopo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: COVID-19; azythromycin; hydroxychloroquine; atrioventricular block

Online: 11 May 2020 (10:10:42 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0325.v2

The adapted Autonomic Profile (aAP) Home-Based Test for the Evaluation of Neuro-Cardiovascular Autonomic Dysfunction

Manoj Sivan, Joanna Corrado, Christopher Mathias

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: autonomic failure; lean test; active stand; long covid; Post-COVID-19 condition

Online: 24 June 2022 (04:23:06 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0460.v1

COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines: From Inflammation to Hyperinflammation

Girolamo Giannotta, Antonio Murrone, Nicola Giannotta

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: COVID-19 mRNA vaccines; Myo-pericarditis and COVID-19 mRNA vaccines; Multisystem-Inflammatory-Syndrome and COVID-19 mRNA vaccines; arrhythmias and COVID-19 mRNA vaccines; Pathogenesis of myocarditis following COVID-19 mRNA vaccines; MIS-A; MIS-C; MIS-V; Myocarditis; COVID-19 mRNA vaccine Adverse Events.

Online: 26 January 2023 (02:50:29 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0154.v1

microRNA Perspective on Cardiomyocyte Development and Cardiovascular Diseases

Jose Francisco Islas, Jorge Eugenio Moreno-Cuevas

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: miRNA; cardiomyocytes; cardiovascular diseases

Online: 10 May 2018 (05:44:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201803.0155.v1

Buckwheat and CVD Risk Markers, a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Liangkui Li, Georg Lietz, Chris J. Seal

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: buckwheat; CVD risk markers; meta-analysis

Online: 19 March 2018 (10:45:19 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201802.0084.v1

Dual Antiplatelet Therapy (DAPT) in Coronary Artery Disease: A Daunting Dilemma

Suryateja Chaturvedula, Daniel J. Diver, Aseem Vashist

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: dual anti platelet therapy; acute coronary syndrome; stents

Online: 12 February 2018 (05:13:18 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0135.v1

Cardiovascular Risk Assessment among Postmenopausal Women: A Review

Lingkan Barua, Mithila Faruque, Palash C Banik, Liaquat Ali

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: cardiovascular risk assessment; postmenopausal women; cardiovascular risk factors; emerging risk factors; hormone replacement therapy

Online: 8 June 2018 (12:46:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0483.v1

Comparing Lung CT in COVID-19 Pneumonia and Acute Heart Failure: An Imaging Conundrum

Leonardo Paskah Suciadi, Yonathan William, Patricia Jorizal, Vera Nevyta Tarigan, Andreas Hartanto Santoso, Joshua Henrina, Firman Tedjasukmana, Nathania Marliani Kristanti

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: Lung CT; imaging; COVID-19; Pneumonia; Heart Failure

Online: 31 May 2020 (16:49:04 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1692.v1

One-Year Real-World Experience with Mavacamten and its Physiologic Effects on Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Daniel Kim, Emily Chu, Emily Keamy-Minor, Ishan Paranjpe, Wilson Tang, Jack O'Sullivan, Yaanik Desai, Michael Liu, Elise Munsey, Kimberly Hecker, Isabella Cuenco, Beth Kao, Ellen Bacolor, Colleen Bonnett, Andrea Linder, Kathleen Lacar, Nancy Robles, Cynthia Lamendola, Allysonne Smith, Joshua Knowles, Marco Perez, Masataka Kawana, Karim Sallam, Chad Weldy, Matthew Wheeler, Victoria Parikh, Heidi Salisbury, Euan Ashley

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: mavacamten; cardiac myosin inhibitor; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; heart failure

Online: 27 November 2023 (11:50:17 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0010.v1

Usefulness of Systemic Venous Ultrasound Protocols in the Prognosis of Heart Failure Patients: Results from a Prospective Multicentric Study

Marta Torres-Arrese, Arantzazu Mata-Martínez, Davide Luordo-Tedesco, Gonzalo García-Casasola, Rodrigo Alonso-González, Esther Montero-Hernández, Marta Cobo-Marcos, Beatriz Sánchez-Sauce, Valentín Cuervas-mons, Yale Tung-Chen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: point-of-care ultrasound; Doppler ultrasound; VExUS; venous excess ultrasonography; acute heart failure; portal vein; hepatic vein; intrarenal vein; inferior vena cava

Online: 3 January 2023 (07:33:46 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201902.0030.v1

Integrative System Biology Analyses Identify Seven Micrornas to Predict Heart Failure

Henri Charrier, Marie Cuvelliez, Emilie Dubois-Deruy, Paul Mulder, Vincent Richard, Christophe Bauters, Florence Pinet

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: biomarkers; miRNAs; heart failure; system biology

Online: 4 February 2019 (11:44:17 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0039.v1

The Effects of Sacubitril/Valsartan on Clinical, Bioumoral and Echocardiographic Parameters in Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction: The “Hemodynamic Reverse Remodeling”

Giuseppe Romano, Giuseppe Vitale, Laura Ajello, Valentina Agnese, Diego Bellavia, Giuseppa Caccamo, Egle Corrado, Gabriele Di Gesaro, Calogero Falletta, Eluisa La Franca, Chiara Minà, Salvatore Antonio Stornioloc, Filippo Maria Sarullo, Francesco Clemenza

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: heart failure; Sacubitril/valsartan; Neprilysin inhibition; reduced ejection fraction; echocardiography; Nt-Pro-BNP; hemodynamic; remodeling

Online: 4 November 2019 (11:20:22 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0172.v1

How Does Contrast Media Affect Cardiac Markers and Coagulation Tests? Experimental Study

Mustafa Begenc Tascanov, Ataman Gönel

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: contrast media; troponin; Pro-BNP; interference

Online: 17 January 2019 (03:10:04 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0051.v1

ALUminating the Path of Atherosclerosis Progression: Chaos Theory Suggests a Role for Alu Repeats in the Development of Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease

Miguel Hueso, Josep M Cruzado, Joan Torras, Estanis Navarro

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: atherosclerosis; cardiovascular disease; chaos theory; non-coding RNAs; Alu-elements; NF-κB; miRNA; miRNA sponges

Online: 4 April 2018 (06:36:55 CEST)

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Working Paper REVIEW

Acute Coronary Syndromes and COVID-19: Exploring the Dark Side of the Outbreak

Marco Schiavone, Cecilia Gobbi, Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai, Fabrizio D'Ascenzo, Alberto Palazzuoli, Alessio Gasperetti, Gianfranco Mitacchione, Maurizio Viecca, Massimo Galli, Francesco Fedele, Massimo Mancone, Giovanni Battista Forleo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: acute coronary syndromes; myocardial infarction; STEMI; Covid-19, infectious disease; respiratory infections; pathophysiology; percutaneous coronary intervention; thrombolysis; drug treatment

Online: 7 May 2020 (12:49:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0140.v1

Determination of Some Variables Affecting Risk Factors of Coronary Heart Diseases in University Students

Ali Ozkan, Mutlu Turkmen, Taner Bozkus, Murat Kul, Recep Soslu, Fatih Yasarturk, Recep Aydin, Umit Oz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: coronary heart disease risk factors; healthy lifestyle behaviors; physical fitness

Online: 11 April 2018 (07:40:50 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0346.v1

Heart in Patients Infected with 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)

Abdallah Fayssoil, Benjamin Davido, Hazrije Mustafic, Aurélien Dinh, Nicolas Mansencal

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: coronavirus; heart; prognosis; COVID-19; ICU

Online: 19 April 2020 (13:15:27 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201712.0186.v1

Growth Hormone (GH) and Cardiovascular system

Diego Caicedo, Oscar Díaz, Pablo Devesa, Jesús Devesa

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: cardiovascular diseases; atherosclerosis; oxidative stress; angiogenesis and arteriogenesis; endothelial dysfunction; growth hormone; IGF-I; wound healing

Online: 26 December 2017 (10:30:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0082.v1

Transcriptomics as Precision Medicine to Classify In Vivo Models of Dietary-Induced Atherosclerosis at Cellular and Molecular Levels

Alexei Evsikov, Caralina Marín de Evsikova

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: atherosclerosis; coronary aortic disease; gene set enrichment analysis; heart disease; Apoe mouse; transcriptomics; RNA-seq analysis; pathway enrichment analysis; mouse; precision medicine; New Zealand White rabbit

Online: 5 September 2018 (04:49:40 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0187.v1

Endothelial Dysfunction in SARS CoV-2 Infection

Francesco Nappi, Sanjeet Singh Avtaar Singh

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: endothelial dysfunction; SARS-CoV-2 infection; thrombosis, angiotensin-converting enzyme-2; angiogenesis

Online: 15 February 2022 (11:05:22 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201710.0034.v2

Pharmacokinetics and Scintigraphic Imaging of the Hypoxia-Imaging Agent [¹²³I]IAZA in Healthy Adults Following Exercise-Based Cardiac Stress

Daria Stypinski, Stephen A McQuarrie, Alexander JB McEwan, Leonard I Wiebe

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: pharmacokinetics; radiotracers; hypoxia; nuclear imaging; [123I]IAZA

Online: 24 February 2018 (07:21:45 CET)

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The objective of this work is to evaluate the potential effect of cardiac stress exercise on the accumulation of [¹²³I]IAZA, a radiopharmaceutical used to image focal tissue hypoxia, in otherwise normal myocardium in healthy volunteers, and to determine the impact of exercise on [¹²³I]IAZA pharmacokinetics. The underlying goal is to establish a rational basis and a baseline for studies of focal myocardial hypoxia in cardiac patients using [¹²³I]IAZA. Three healthy male volunteers ran the ‘Bruce’ treadmill protocol, a clinically-accepted protocol designed to expose myocardial ischemia in patients. The ‘Bruce’ criterion heart rate is 85% of [220 – age]. Approximately one minute before reaching this level, [¹²³I]IAZA (5.0 mCi/0.85 mg) was administered as a slow (1–3 min) single intravenous (i.v.) injection via an indwelling venous catheter. The volunteer continued running for an additional 1 min before being transferred to a gamma camera. Serum samples were collected from the arm contralateral to the administration site at pre-determined intervals from 1 min to 45 h post injection and were analyzed by radio HPLC. Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters were derived for [¹²³I]IAZA and total radioactivity (total[¹²³I]) using compartmental and noncompartmental analyses. Whole-body planar scintigraphic images were acquired from 0.75 to 24 h after dosing. PK data and scintigraphic images were compared to previously published [¹²³I]IAZA data from healthy volunteers rest. Following exercise stress, both [¹²³I]IAZA and total[¹²³I] exhibited bi-exponential decline profiles, with rapid distribution phases [half-lives (t_1/2α) of 1.2 and 1.4 min, respectively], followed by slower elimination phases [t_1/2β of 195 and 290 min, respectively]. Total body clearance (CL_TB) and the steady state volume of distribution (V_ss) were 0.647 L/kg and 185 mL/min, respectively, for [¹²³I]IAZA and 0.785 L/kg and 135 mL/min, respectively, for total[¹²³I]. The t_1/2β, CL_TB and V_ss values were comparable to those reported previously for rested volunteers. The t_1/2α was approximately 4-fold shorter for [¹²³I]IAZA and approximately 3-fold shorter for total[¹²³I] under exercise relative to rested subjects. The heart region was visualized in early whole body scintigraphic images, but later images showed no accumulated radioactivity in this region, and no differences from images reported for rested volunteers were apparent. Minimal uptake of radiotracer in myocardium and skeletal muscle was consistent with uptake in non-stressed myocardium. Whole-body scintigrams for [¹²³I]IAZA in exercise-stressed healthy volunteers were indistinguishable from images of non-exercised volunteers. There was no evidence of hypoxia-dependent binding in exercised but otherwise healthy myocardium, supporting the conclusion that exercise stress at Bruce protocol intensity does not induce measurable myocardial hypoxia. Effects of exercise on PK parameters were minimal; specifically, the t_1/2α was shortened, reflecting increased cardiac output associated with exercise. It is concluded that because [¹²³I]IAZA was not metabolically bound in exercise-stressed myocardium, a stress test will not create elevated myocardial background that would mask regions of myocardial perfusion deficiency. [¹²³I]IAZA would therefore be suitable for the detection of viable, hypoxic myocardium in patients undergoing stress-test-based diagnosis.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201908.0300.v1

A Novel Hypothetical Method to increase the Dimensions of the Coronary Arteries When Required

Mark Christopher Arokiaraj

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: coronary dimensions; Poiseuille’s Equation; arteriovenous fistula; coronary dilatation; wall shear stress; coronary blood flow; atherosclerosis; angiogenesis

Online: 29 August 2019 (03:35:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0077.v1

Clinical relevant polymorphisms affecting clopidogrel pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics: Insights from the Puerto Rico Newborn Screening Program

Dagmar Fredy Hernandez-Suarez, Jonnalie Tomassini-Fernandini, Angelica Cuevas, Anyelis Rosario-Berrios, Héctor Nuñez-Medina, Dariana Padilla-Arroyo, Nannette Rivera, Jennifer Liriano, Rocio Vega-Roman, Jessicca Renta, Kyle Melin, Jorge Duconge

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: clopidogrel; pharmacogenetics; Puerto Ricans; genotypes; allele frequency

Online: 6 April 2018 (11:31:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0579.v1

Dual Pharmacological Inhibition of IRAK1 and IRAK4 Prevents LPS Induced Monocyte Adhesion to Endothelial Cells

Xiumei Wu, Mengyun Xu, Yujie Liu, Sihui Luo, Xueying Zheng, Suowen Xu, Jianping Weng

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: IRAK1; IRAK4; endothelial cells; inflammation; cardiovascular disease

Online: 24 May 2021 (15:09:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0144.v1

Continuous Decline in Myocardial Infarction and Heart Failure Hospitalizations During the First 12 Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Israel

Gil Lavie, Yael Wolff Sagy, Moshe Hoshen, Walid Saliba, Moshe Y Flugelman

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic; Acute myocardial infarction; Congestive heart failure; Cardiovascular hospitalizations

Online: 10 February 2022 (02:47:49 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0381.v1

CLINICAL PROFILE OF PATIENTS WITH CORONARY TORTUOSITY AND ITS RELATION WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

Ankush Gupta, Prashant Panda, YASH SHARMA, Ashwin Mahesh, Prafull Sharma, Nalin Kumar Mahesh

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: coronary tortuosity; myocardial ischemia; coronary artery disease; chronic stable angina.

Online: 25 June 2018 (11:02:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201803.0078.v1

A Search for Cardiotropic Biologically Active Substances among New Derivatives of R- phenylimin-1,3-thiazole

Lina O. Perekhoda, Irina V. Drapak, Marharyta M. Suleiman, Marina V. Rakhimova, Svetlana G. Таran, Vitaliy D. Yaremenko, Inna V. Gerashchenko

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: synthesis; Hantzsch reaction; 1,3-thiazole derivatives; cardiotropic activity

Online: 12 March 2018 (05:11:45 CET)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0668.v1

Case Report - Unstable Angina, Coronary Artery Disease, and Cannabis

Brian Entler, Brian Shaffer, Garrison Davis, Marc Incitti, Brian Piper

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: marijuana; medicinal cannabis (MC); chronic pain (CP); cannabidiol (CBD); tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

Online: 26 November 2020 (11:22:28 CET)

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Rationale:First discovered in 1990, the endocannabinoid system (ECS) was initially shown to have an intimate relationship with central areas of the nervous system associated with pain, reward, and motivation. Recently, however, the ECS has been extensively implicated in the cardiovascular system with contractility, heart rate, blood pressure, and vasodilation. Emerging data demonstrates modulation of the ECS plays an essential role in cardio metabolic risk, atherosclerosis, and can even limit damage to cardiomyocytes during ischemic events.Patient Concerns:This case describes a 63-year-old male who presented to a primary care physician for a medical cannabis (MC) consult due to unstable angina (UA) not relieved by morphine or cardiac medications; having failed all first- and second-line poly-pharmaceutical therapies. The patient reported frequent, unprovoked, angina and exertional dyspnea.Diagnosis:Having a complex cardiac history, the patient first presented 22 years ago after a suspected myocardial infarction (MI). He re-presented in 2010 and underwent stent placement at that time for inoperable triple-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD) which was identified via percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. UA developed on follow up and, despite medical management over the past 6 years, his UA became progressively debilitating.Interventions and Outcomes:In conjunction with his standard cardiac care, patient had a gradual lessening of UA related pain, including frequency and character, after using an edible form of medical cannabis (MC) (1:1 CBD:THC). Following continued treatment, he ceased long term morphine treatment and describes the pain as no longer crippling. As demonstrated by his exercise tolerance tests, the patient experienced an improved functional capacity and reported an increase in his daily functioning, and overall activity.Lessons:This case uniquely highlights MC in possibly reducing the character, quality, and frequency of UA; while concordantly improving functional cardiac capacity in a patient with CAD. Additional case reports are necessary to verify this.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0093.v1

Molecular Characterization of Phospholamban and Reninangiotensin System Genes Mutations and Clinical Epidemiology in Human Cardiomyopathy

Gnana Veera Subhashini, Beesetti Swarna latha, mavuluri jayadev, Emmanuel C, K M Cherian

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: cardiomyopathy; hemodynamic and biochemical parameters; epidemiological and clinical Parameters; phospholamban angiotensin-1-converting enzyme

Online: 5 July 2018 (10:43:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201812.0338.v1

Incremental Predictive Value of Longitudinal Axis Strain and Late Gadolinium Enhancement Using Standard CMR Imaging in Patients with Aortic Stenosis

Lucia Agoston-Coldea, Kunal Bheecarry, Carmen Cionca, Cristian Petra, Lelia Strimbu, Camelia Ober, Silvia Lupu, Daniela Fodor, Teodora Mocan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: severe aortic stenosis; longitudinal axis strain; late gadolinium enhancement; cardiac magnetic resonance imaging

Online: 28 December 2018 (07:12:57 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0334.v1

Pathophysiological Aspects of Vascular Remodeling in Cardiopulmonary Lesions: Influence of ID3 & Estrogenic Endocrine Disruptors

Vincent Avecilla, Mayur Doke

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: cardiopulmonary lesions, endocrine disruptors, ID3, vascular dysfunction, vascular remodeling

Online: 19 July 2018 (12:57:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0325.v1

Effects of Acute Hypoxic Provocation on Autonomic Nervous System in Young “Healthy” Smokers Measured by Heart Rate Variability

Zdravko Taralov, Peter Dimov, Kiril Terziyski, Blagoi Marinov, Mariyan Topolov, Stefan Kostianev

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: heart rate variability, smoking, hypoxia, autonomic dysfunction

Online: 20 June 2018 (15:38:52 CEST)

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Background and objectives: Smoking leads to autonomic dysfunction. However, the clinical methods for diagnosing this dysfunction are not sufficient. Since exogenous hypoxia leads to changes in the autonomic cardiac control, the aim of our study was to compare the activity of the autonomic nervous system via heart rate variability (HRV) in young “healthy” smokers and non-smokers before, during and after a short-term exogenous hypoxic exposure. Methods: Twenty-one healthy non-smoking males aged 28.0±7.4 (mean±SD) and fourteen healthy smoking males aged 28.1±4.3 with 9.2±5.6 pack-years were subjected to one-hour hypoxic exposure (FiО2=12.3±1.5%) via hypoxicator (AltiPro 8850 Summit+, Altitude Tech, Canada) with simultaneous recording of electrocardiography and pulse oximetry. HRV data was derived via specific software (Kubios HRV, Finland) by analyzing the pre-hypoxic, hypoxic and post-hypoxic periods. Results: Standard deviation of the intervals between normal beats (SDNN) was higher in non-smokers in the pre-hypoxic period (62.0±32.1 vs 40.3±16.2, p=0.013) but not in hypoxia (75.7±34.8 vs 57.9±18.3, p=0.167). When comparing intragroup HRV changes of shifting from hypoxic to post-hypoxic (normoxic) conditions we found that there is a significant increase in the root mean square of successive RR interval differences (RMSSD) (65.9±40.2 vs 75.1±45.9, p=0.011) and in the high frequency (lnHF) (6.8±1.4 vs 7.2±1.3, p=0.014) and a decrease in LF/HF (3.0±2.3 vs 1.9±1.5, p<0.001), but these changes were observed only in the group of non-smokers. Conclusions: Smoking likely impairs autonomic regulation in young healthy males and may lead to a decreased HRV even before subjective clinical signs and symptoms. Hypoxic exposure test could be applied in clinical practice for early detection of autonomic dysfunction in smokers, because their parasympathetic reactivation is blunted when shifting from hypoxic to normoxic ambient conditions measured by HRV.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0257.v1

The Spectrum of Cardiovascular Complications in COVID-19- A Comprehensive Literature Review

Raja Shakeel Mushtaque, Rabia Mushtaque, Shahbano Baloch, Aadil Raza, Haseeb Bhatti, Zohaib Khan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV2; Acute Cardiac Injury; Arrhythmia; Heart Failure; Cardiogenic Shock

Online: 11 August 2020 (07:47:51 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0167.v1

Combined Aortic Valve Replacement and Coronary Bypass Grafting in Patient With Lipton’s R-III Type of Single Coronary Artery Anomaly

Milica Karadzic Kocica, Hristina Ugrinovic, Dejan Lazovic, Nemanja Karamarkovic, Milos Grujic, Borivoje Lukic, Oliver Radmili, Vladimir Cvetic, Mladen Kocica

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: single coronary artery; aortic valve surgery, coronary artery bypass grafting surgery; case report

Online: 8 February 2021 (15:42:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0105.v1

Histidine–Tryptophan-–Ketoglutarate Solution as a Neuroprotective Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

Jiun Hsu, Chih-Hsien Wang, Shu-Chien Huang, Yung-Wei Chen, Shengpin Yu, Juey-Jen Huang, Jou-Wei Lin, Ming-Chih Ma, Yih-Sharng Chen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: 1; brain protection 2; HTK 3; cardiac arrest 4; hypoxic injury 5; HIF-1α

Online: 5 October 2018 (15:45:43 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0099.v1

Mechanism of Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction Causing Arteriosclerosis: Vascular Endothelial Glycocalyx

Minako Yamaoka-Tojo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: vascular endothelial function; inflammation; oxidative stress; cardiovascular disease prevention; disease management

Online: 6 July 2020 (09:08:34 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0078.v1

Systematic Approach to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Lyme Carditis and High-Degree Atrioventricular Block

Cynthia Yeung, Adrian Baranchuk

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: Lyme disease; Lyme carditis; Atrioventricular block

Online: 3 August 2018 (20:21:23 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0385.v2

Coagulopathy and Thrombosis as a Result of Severe COVID-19 Infection: A Microvascular Focus

Upendra K. Katneni, Aikaterini Alexaki, Ryan C. Hunt, Tal Schiller, Michael DiCuccio, Paul W. Buehler, Juan C. Ibla, Chava Kimchi-Sarfaty

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: COVID-19; Thrombosis; Inflammation; ADAMTS13; Von Willebrand Factor

Online: 15 July 2020 (03:36:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0028.v1

Association of a Multi-Gene Panel with Blood Pressure Medication Success in Patients with Hypertension: A Pilot Study

Eric Snyder, Ryan Sprissler, Micah Johnson, Greg Beenken, Timothy Curry, Nicholas Cassuto, Eli Kelley, Thomas Olson

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: Hypertension; Blood pressure; Genetics; Pharmacogenetics; Pharmacotherapy; Treatment

Online: 2 October 2018 (15:02:46 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202001.0280.v1

Knockout of the Murine Ortholog to the Human 9p21 Coronary Artery Disease Locus Leads to SMC Proliferation, Vascular Calcification, and Advanced Atherosclerosis

Yoko Kojima, Jianqin Ye, Vivek Nanda, Ying Wang, Alyssa M. Flores, Kai-Uwe Jarr, Pavlos Tsantilas, Liang Guo, Aloke V. Finn, Renu Virmani, Nicholas Leeper

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: atherosclerosis; vascular biology; calcification; genetics; 9p21

Online: 24 January 2020 (11:17:21 CET)

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Background: Genome-wide association studies have identified the chromosome 9p21 locus as one of the most important genetic risk factors for cardiovascular disease. However, the mechanism by which this locus promotes disease remains unclear due to difficulty identifying the causal genes and lack of a suitable animal model. Methods and Results: A total of 180 coronary artery autopsy specimens were analyzed histopathologically. The genotype of 9p21 (rs1333049) was not associated with any coronary risk factors nor the vulnerable plaque phenotype, but carriers of 9p21 risk allele did demonstrate more lesional calcification. To extend these studies into an animal model, mice with a targeted deletion of the orthologous 70-kb non-coding interval on chromosome 4 (chr4^D70kb/^D70kb) were bred onto ApoE^-/- and fed with high fat diet. Targeted deletion of the 9p21 risk interval increased susceptibility to atherosclerotic plaque progression, but did not affect plaque rupture in the tandem stenosis model. Coronary risk factors such as body weight, blood pressure, lipid, and glucose levels did not differ between genotypes. Von Kossa staining revealed that chr4^D70kb/^D70kb, ApoE^-/- developed more calcification in the plaque compared with chr4^+/⁺, ApoE^-/- mice, and that this this change was accompanied by increased aortic mRNA expression of Runx2, a key osteogenic transcription factor. Primarily cultured smooth muscle cells from chr4^D70kb/^D70kb were hyperproliferative, and showed a calcification-prone phenotype after exposure to high-phosphate medium. Treatment with Palbociclib, a selective inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6, reduced mRNA expression of osteogenic genes in smooth muscle cells. Conclusion: Results from human and mouse studies indicate that the 9p21 non coding risk interval is associated with larger atherosclerotic plaque burden, but not with plaque rupture. 9p21 may promote lesion expansion by inducing the proliferation of de-differentiated and osteogenic smooth muscle cells.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0206.v1

Innovative Multi-Site Photoplethysmography Analysis for Quantifying Pulse Amplitude and Timing Variability Characteristics in Peripheral Arterial Disease

Michael Bentham, Gerard Stansby, John Allen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: cardiovascular variability; heart-rate variability; peripheral arterial disease; photoplethysmography; pulse

Online: 10 August 2018 (13:43:45 CEST)

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Preprint SHORT NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0339.v1

SARS-CoV-2 infection and Cardiology: Beware of Myocarditis

Marco Antonio Machado Schlindwein, Letícia Caroline Breis, Isabelle Pastor Bandeira, Rafael M. Ronsoni, Clizenaldo Torres, Marcus Vinicius Magno Gonçalves

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: SARS-COV-2; COVID-19; myocarditis

Online: 19 April 2020 (08:22:24 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0040.v1

Exercise as A Potential Therapeutic Target for Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Insight into the Underlying Mechanisms

Dae Yun Seo, Jeong Rim Ko, Jung Eun Jang, Tae Nyun Kim, Jae Boum Youm, Hyo-Bum Kwak, Jun Hyun Bae, Amy Hyein Kim, Kyung Soo Ko, Byoung Doo Rhee, Jin Han

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: diabetes; exercise; cardiomyopathy; heart failure

Online: 3 October 2019 (13:59:22 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0110.v2

Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Pathway in Endothelial Progenitor Cell Biology for Vascular Medicine

Amankeldi A. Salybekov, Ainur K. Salybekova, Roberto Pola, Takayuki Asahara

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: Sonic Hedgehog; endothelial cells; endothelial progenitor cells; canonical signaling; non-canonical signals; extracellular vesicles

Online: 17 September 2018 (08:45:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0178.v1

Attitudes and Recommendations of Physicians towards Alcohol Consumption and Cardiovascular Health: A Perspective from Argentina

Ricardo Lopez Santi, Sohaib Haseeb, Bryce Alexander, Adrian D’Ovidio, Sergio Gimenez, Carlos Secotaro, Diego Martinez Demaria, Luis Maria Pupi, Sonia Costantini, Daniel Piskorz, Alejandro Amarilla, Alberto Lorenzatti, Narcisa Gutierrez, Wilma Hopman, Adrian Baranchuk

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: alcohol drinking; health knowledge; physician attitudes; standard drink; wine

Online: 9 August 2018 (08:07:39 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0104.v1

Hydrogel-Based Delivery for Antineoplastic Drugs and Vascular Scaffolding

Adelaide Iervolino, Camilla Chello, Massimo Chello, Francesco Nappi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: hyrogel; cardiotoxicity; regenerative medicine; antineoplastic drugs; polydioxanone; pulmonary autograft

Online: 6 September 2021 (14:01:12 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0203.v1

Single-Session treatment of Upper Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis and Central Venous Catheter Malfunction using INARI ClotTriever

Siddharth Agarwal, Christopher Sosnofsky, Manu B. Aggarwal, Jamie Saum, Sandeep M. Patel

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: Percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy; ClotTriever; Upper extremity deep venous thrombosis; Central venous catheter

Online: 8 August 2020 (04:10:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0190.v1

NOX Inhibition Improves β Adrenergic-Stimulated Contractility and Intracellular Calcium Handling in the Aged Heart

Alvaro Valdés, Guillermo Barrios, Nikol Ponce, Raul A Dulce, Daniel R Gonzalez

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: NADPH oxidases; apocynin; VAS2870; aged heart; cardiomyocytes; isoproterenol; TBARS

Online: 16 April 2018 (06:17:57 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0385.v1

Genome Editing for the Understanding and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies

Quynh Nguyen, Kenji Rowel Q. Lim, Toshifumi Yokota

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM); hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM); restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM); arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC); left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC); Duchenne muscular dystrophy; dystrophin; genome editing; CRISPR/Cas9; Cpf1 (Cas12a)

Online: 29 December 2019 (13:41:48 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0243.v1

Cardiometabolic Health Risks, Lifestyle Behaviours and Quality of Life in People with Early Psychosis – A Cross Sectional Study

Soontareeporn Meepring, Richard Gray, Yan Li, Grace WK Ho, Wai Tong Chien, Daniel Bressington

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: Early Psychosis; Cardiovascular Disease Risk; Quality of Life; Lifestyle Behaviours.

Online: 11 August 2021 (08:55:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0584.v1

The Genetic Evidence of Burn-Induced Cardiac Mitochondrial Metabolism Confusion

Jake J. Wen, Claire B. Cummins, Taylor P. Williams, Ravi S. Radhakrishnan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: burn injury; cardiac dysfunction; gene profiling; mitochondrial metabolism; oxygen consumption

Online: 23 November 2020 (13:59:47 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0338.v1

Androgens, QT, Sex and Ventricular Repolarization: A Double-Edged Sword

Melissa Y.Y. Moey, Marie Wilkin, Estelle Gandjbakhch, Anne Bachelot, Baptiste Abbar, Bruno Pinna, Jean-Marc Simon, Christian Funck-Brentano, Joe-Elie Salem

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: testosterone; androgens; QT; Torsade de pointes; ventricular repolarization

Online: 16 August 2021 (12:53:44 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0107.v1

Non-invasive Assessment of Vascular Circulation Based on Flow Mediated Skin Fluorescence (FMSF)

Andrzej Marcinek, Joanna Katarzynska, Leslaw Sieron, Robert Skokowski, Jacek Zielinski, Jerzy Gebicki

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: flow mediated skin fluorescence; FMSF technique; NADH fluorescence; microcirculation; flowmo-tion; reactive hyperemia response; RHR; hypoxia sensitivity; HS; normoxia oscillatory index; NOI

Online: 7 February 2023 (02:14:48 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0698.v1

Machine Learning Techniques and Syntactic Pattern Recognition Based Heart Disease Prediction for Smart Health

Samir Bandyopadhyay, Shawni Dutta

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Syntactic Pattern Recognition, Pattern Primitives and Heart Disease

Online: 29 June 2021 (11:44:07 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0040.v1

TREM-1; is It a Pivotal Target for Cardiovascular Diseases?

Kouassi T. Kouassi , Palanikumar Gunasekar , Devendra K. Agrawal , Gopal Jadhav

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells, DNAX-activating protein 12, cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, coronary arteries diseases, acute myocardial infract, endocarditis

Online: 3 September 2018 (14:50:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0297.v1

Left Cardiac Remodelling assessed by Echocardiography is Associated with Rho-kinase Activation in Long-distance Runners

Felipe Contreras-Briceño, Julian Vega, Jorge Mandiola, María Paz Ocaranza, Sebastián Herrera, Manuel Salinas, Rodrigo Fernández, Jorge E. Jalil, Sergio Lavandero, Mario Chiong, Paz Godoy, Pablo F Castro, Marta Sitges, Luigi Gabrielli

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: Athlete´s heart; Cardiac biomarkers; Echocardiography; Exercise; Functional cardiac capacity.

Online: 13 August 2021 (09:23:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0213.v1

High Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T in Patients with Severe Chronic Kidney Disease and suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome

Brunilda Alushi, Fabian Jost-Brinkmann, Adnan Kastrati, Salvatore Cassese, Massimiliano Fusaro, Karl Stangl, Ulf Landmesser, Holger Thiele, Alexander Lauten

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: troponin; high-sensitivity; chronic kidney disease; renal insufficiency; myocardial infarction; acute coronary syndrome

Online: 10 August 2021 (08:45:07 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0702.v1

Telemonitoring of Real-World Health Data in Cardiology: A Systematic Review

Benjamin Kinast, Matthias Lutz, Björn Schreiweis

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: telemonitoring; telemedicine; telecardiology; cardiology; wearable; sensors; consumer health devices; cardiovascular disease; heart failure; atrial fibrillation

Online: 30 July 2021 (13:22:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0042.v1

Magnetic Resonance for Differential Diagnosis of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy: Diagnostic and Prognostic Implications

Giovanni Donato Aquaro, Elisabetta Corsi, Giancarlo Todiere, Chrysanthos Grigoratos, Andrea Barison, Valerio Barra, Gianluca di Bella, Michele Emdin, Fabrizio Ricci, Alessandro Pingitore

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: Left ventricular hypertrophy; Echocardiography; Magnetic Resonance; Prognosis

Online: 5 January 2022 (13:10:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201908.0297.v1

Oxidative/Antioxidative Status in Patients after Myocardial Infarction and in Those without Cardiovascular Event Depending on Anthropometric Factors Associated with Overweight and Obesity

Grzegorz Józef Nowicki, Barbara Ślusarska, Andrzej Prystupa, Maciej Polak, Maria Czubaj-Kowal, Ewa Rudnicka-Drożak

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: oxidative status; antioxidant status; oxidative stress; cardiovascular diseases; overweight; obesity

Online: 28 August 2019 (14:51:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0326.v1

Association Between Duration of Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest and Surgical Outcome in Patients with Acute Type A Aortic Dissection: A Large Retrospective Cohort Study

Mona Salehi Ravesh, Christine Friedrich, Jan Schoettler, Lars Hummitzsch, Gunnar Elke, Mohamed Salem, Georg Lutter, Thomas Puehler, Jochen Cremer, Assad Haneya

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest time; acute type A aortic dissection; surgical outcome

Online: 21 January 2022 (13:12:22 CET)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0337.v2

A case of renal allograft-related inflammation complicated by acute coronary syndromes

Rainer Ullrich Pliquett, Andrea Tannapfel, Sait Sebastian Daneschnejad

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: coronary artery disease, acute coronary syndrome, inflammation, case report

Online: 13 April 2021 (13:14:55 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0234.v1

Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) Simulation of Bifurcate Artery

Yas Barzegar, Atrin Barzegar

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: flow pattern; Artery wall; heart muscle; flow rate; computational fluid dynamic

Online: 8 June 2021 (13:39:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0189.v1

Association between Mortality and Cardiovascular Diseases in Vulnerable Mexican Populations, A Retrospective Study of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Gerardo R. Padilla-Rivas, Juan Luis Delgado-Gallegos, Gerardo Garza-Treviño, Kame A. Galán-Huerta, Zuca G-Buentello, Jorge A. Roacho-Pérez, Héctor Franco-Villareal, Ahidée Leyva-López, Ana Estrada-Rodriguez, Jorge E. Moreno-Cuevas, Javier Ramos-Jiménez, Ana Ma. Rivas-Estrilla, Elsa N. Garza-Treviño, Jose Francisco Islas

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: cardiovascular diseases; Mexico COVID-19; Mexico metropolitan area

Online: 14 June 2022 (03:11:35 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0256.v1

Pathogenic Mechanisms of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Beyond Sarcomere Dysfunction

Chun Chou, Michael T. Chin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; pathological cardiac hypertrophy; sarcomere; cardiac myocyte; cardiac fibroblast; cardiac fibrosis; myocyte-fibroblast interaction; extracellular matrix

Online: 12 July 2021 (12:13:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0254.v1

Schizophrenia and Hospital Admissions for Cardiovascular Events in a Large Population. The APNA Study.

Sara Guillen-Aguinaga, Antonio Brugos-Larumbe, Laura Guillen-Aguinaga, Felipe Ortuño, Francisco Guillen-Grima, Luis Forga, Ines Aguinaga-Ontoso

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: Cardiovascular; Schizophrenia; Prospective Cohort; hospital admissions.

Online: 15 September 2021 (11:35:44 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0311.v1

Trend and Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among The Military Population – A Systematic Review

Azizan Omar, Hui Ling Leong, Foong Ming Moy

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: trend; prevalence; overweight; obesity; military

Online: 14 August 2020 (08:15:09 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0057.v1

Automated Coronary Optical Coherence Tomography Feature Extraction with Application to Three-Dimensional Reconstruction

Harry J. Carpenter, Mergen H. Ghayesh, Anthony C. Zander, Giuseppe Di Giovanni, Jiawen Li, Peter J. Psaltis

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: atherosclerosis; biomechanics; border detection; coronary artery disease; optical coherence to-mography; stents; vulnerable plaque

Online: 7 April 2022 (08:13:34 CEST)

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Working Paper REVIEW

Diabetic Cardiomyopathy and Ischemic Coronary Heart Disease: Prevention and Therapy by Exercise and Conditioning

Antonio Crisafulli, Pasquale Pagliaro, Silvana Roberto, Lucia Cugusi, Giuseppe Mercuro, Antigone Lazou, Cristophe Beauloye, Luc Bertrand, Derek Hausenloy, Manuela Aragno, Claudia Penna

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: Diabetic Cardiomyopathy; Hyperglycemia; Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury; Metabolism; Mitochondria; Remote Conditioning; Exercise

Online: 17 March 2020 (08:52:25 CET)

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Medicine and Pharmacology